TED2012
Susan Cain: The power of introverts
Susan Cain: Sila introvertov
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V kultúre, v ktorej sa nadovšetko cení družnosť a spoločenskosť, môže byť ťažké, priam zahanbujúce byť introvertom. Ale ako argumentuje Susan Cain v tejto zanietenej prednáške, introverti prinášajú svetu výnimočný talent a schopnosti a zaslúžia si pochvalu a povzbudenie.
Susan Cain - Quiet revolutionary
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone. Full bio
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
When I was nine years old
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Keď som mala 9 rokov,
00:17
I went off to summer camp for the first time.
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šla som prvýkrát do tábora.
00:19
And my mother packed me a suitcase
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Mama mi zbalila kufor
00:21
full of books,
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plný kníh,
00:23
which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do.
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čo mi pripadalo úplne prirodzené.
00:25
Because in my family,
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Lebo v mojej rodine
00:27
reading was the primary group activity.
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je čítanie hlavnou spoločenskou aktivitou.
00:30
And this might sound antisocial to you,
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Môže to znieť antisociálne,
00:32
but for us it was really just a different way of being social.
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ale pre nás to bol len iný spôsob, ako byť spoločenský.
00:35
You have the animal warmth of your family
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Sedíte v
00:37
sitting right next to you,
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rodinnom kruhu
00:39
but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland
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ale zároveň sa môžete túlať v krajine zázrakov
00:41
inside your own mind.
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vo vlastnej hlave.
00:43
And I had this idea
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Predstavovala som si,
00:45
that camp was going to be just like this, but better.
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že tábor bude presne o tom, ibaže lepší.
00:47
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
00:50
I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin
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Predstavila som si 10 dievačat, sediacich v chatke,
00:53
cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.
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ako si čítajú v rovnakých pyžamkách.
00:55
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
00:57
Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol.
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Tábor bol skôr ako párty bez alkoholu.
01:00
And on the very first day
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Už v prvý deň
01:03
our counselor gathered us all together
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nás vedúca zhromaždila
01:05
and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing
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a naučila nás, ako sa budeme povzbudzovať
01:07
every day for the rest of the summer
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každý deň po zvyšok leta,
01:09
to instill camp spirit.
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aby sa do nás vryl duch tábora.
01:11
And it went like this:
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A bolo to takto:
01:13
"R-O-W-D-I-E,
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"H-U-L-Á-K-A-V-Ý",
01:15
that's the way we spell rowdie.
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takto sme tomu hovorili.
01:17
Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie."
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Hulákavý, hulákavý, buďme hulákavý.
01:22
Yeah.
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Veru.
01:24
So I couldn't figure out for the life of me
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Nedokázala som pochopiť,
01:26
why we were supposed to be so rowdy,
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prečo by sme mali byť tak hluční
01:28
or why we had to spell this word incorrectly.
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alebo prečo musíme použivať nespisovné slovo.
01:31
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
01:37
But I recited a cheer. I recited a cheer along with everybody else.
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Ale vykrikovala som to. Vykrikovala som to s ostatnými.
01:40
I did my best.
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Snažila som sa.
01:42
And I just waited for the time
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A čakala som na chvíľu,
01:44
that I could go off and read my books.
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kedy si budem môcť ísť čítať.
01:47
But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase,
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Ale hneď ako som vytiahla knihu z kufra,
01:49
the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me
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prišla najväčšia frajerka z partie
01:51
and she asked me, "Why are you being so mellow?" --
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a spýtala sa ma: "Prečo si taká mäkká?"
01:54
mellow, of course, being the exact opposite
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Mäkká bol samozrejme presný opak
01:56
of R-O-W-D-I-E.
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H-U-L-Á-K-A-V-E-J.
01:58
And then the second time I tried it,
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Keď som sa o to pokúsila druhýkrát,
02:00
the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face
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prišla znepokojená vychovávateľka
02:03
and she repeated the point about camp spirit
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a znova mi hovorila o duchu tábora
02:05
and said we should all work very hard
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a o tom, že sa musíme veľmi snažiť
02:07
to be outgoing.
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byť spoločenský.
02:09
And so I put my books away,
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Tak som odložila svoje knihy
02:12
back in their suitcase,
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späť do kufra
02:15
and I put them under my bed,
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a odložila ich pod posteľ.
02:19
and there they stayed for the rest of the summer.
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Tam ostali zvyšok leta.
02:21
And I felt kind of guilty about this.
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A cítila som sa z toho previnilo.
02:23
I felt as if the books needed me somehow,
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Akoby ma tie knihy nejak potrebovali,
02:25
and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them.
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volali ma a ja som ich opustila.
02:28
But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase again
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Ale opustila som ich a kufor som neotvorila,
02:30
until I was back home with my family
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kým som nebola doma s rodinou
02:32
at the end of the summer.
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na konci leta.
02:34
Now, I tell you this story about summer camp.
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Rozprávam vám tento príbeh o letnom tábore,
02:37
I could have told you 50 others just like it --
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povedala by som vám aj 50 podobných,
02:40
all the times that I got the message
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kedy mi bolo naznačené,
02:42
that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being
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že môj tichý a introvertný spôsob bytia
02:46
was not necessarily the right way to go,
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nebol ten správny,
02:48
that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert.
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a že by som sa mala snažiť vyzerať viac ako extrovert.
02:51
And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong
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Vždy som v hĺbke duše cítila, že je to nesprávne.
02:54
and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were.
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Že introverti sú skvelí takí, akí sú.
02:56
But for years I denied this intuition,
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Roky som tento pocit popierala.
02:59
and so I became a Wall Street lawyer, of all things,
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A stala som sa okrem iného právničkou na Wall Street.
03:02
instead of the writer that I had always longed to be --
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Namiesto spisovateľky, ktorou som túžila byť.
03:05
partly because I needed to prove to myself
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Čiastočne preto, že som si chcela dokázať,
03:07
that I could be bold and assertive too.
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že tiež viem byť smelá a asertívna.
03:09
And I was always going off to crowded bars
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A chodila som do preplnených barov,
03:11
when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends.
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aj keď by som radšej bývala šla na malú večeru s priateľmi.
03:14
And I made these self-negating choices
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Robila som seba-popierajúce rozhodnutia
03:17
so reflexively,
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tak reflexívne,
03:19
that I wasn't even aware that I was making them.
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že som si ani neuvedomovala, že ich robím.
03:22
Now this is what many introverts do,
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Robia to mnohí intorverti
03:24
and it's our loss for sure,
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a je to pre nás strata.
03:26
but it is also our colleagues' loss
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Ale i strata pre našich kolegov,
03:28
and our communities' loss.
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strata pre naše komunity.
03:30
And at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world's loss.
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Aj keď to vyznie pompézne, je to strata pre celý svet.
03:33
Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership,
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Lebo keď príde na tvorivosť a vodcovstvo,
03:36
we need introverts doing what they do best.
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potrebujeme introvertov, aby robili, v čom sú dobrí.
03:39
A third to a half of the population are introverts --
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Tretina až polovica populácie sú introverti,
03:41
a third to a half.
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tretina až polovica.
03:43
So that's one out of every two or three people you know.
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Každý druhý až tretí človek, ktorého poznáte.
03:46
So even if you're an extrovert yourself,
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Aj keď ste sám extrovert,
03:49
I'm talking about your coworkers
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hovorím o vašich spolupracovníkoch,
03:51
and your spouses and your children
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manželoch, deťoch,
03:53
and the person sitting next to you right now --
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o osobe, ktorá sedí vedľa vás.
03:56
all of them subject to this bias
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Sme predpojatí voči ním všetkým,
03:58
that is pretty deep and real in our society.
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je to zakorenené v našej spoločnosti.
04:00
We all internalize it from a very early age
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Prijímame to za svoje už odmala,
04:03
without even having a language for what we're doing.
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kedy ešte ani nepoznáme slová, ktorými by sme to vyjadrili.
04:06
Now to see the bias clearly
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Aby sme tento predsudok pochopili,
04:08
you need to understand what introversion is.
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musíte porozumieť, čo je introvertnosť.
04:11
It's different from being shy.
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Nie je to hanblivosť.
04:13
Shyness is about fear of social judgment.
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Hanblivosť je strach z posudzovania spoločnosťou.
04:15
Introversion is more about,
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Introvertnosť je viac o tom,
04:17
how do you respond to stimulation,
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ako reagujeme na stimuly,
04:19
including social stimulation.
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vrátene sociálnych stimulov.
04:21
So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation,
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Extroverti túžia po veľkej stimulácii,
04:24
whereas introverts feel at their most alive
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zatiaľ čo introverti sa cítia najlepšie,
04:26
and their most switched-on and their most capable
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sú najviac naštartovaní a najschopnejší,
04:28
when they're in quieter, more low-key environments.
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keď sú v tichom, stlmenom prostredí.
04:30
Not all the time -- these things aren't absolute --
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Nie vždy, nie je to absolútne,
04:32
but a lot of the time.
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ale väčšinou.
04:34
So the key then
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Kľúčom k
04:36
to maximizing our talents
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maximalizovaniu nášho talentu,
04:39
is for us all to put ourselves
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je umiestniť sa
04:41
in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.
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do takej zóny, ktorá je pre nás najvhodnejšia.
04:44
But now here's where the bias comes in.
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Ale tu prichádzajú predsudky.
04:46
Our most important institutions,
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Naše najvýznamnejšie inštitúcie,
04:48
our schools and our workplaces,
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naše školy a pracoviská,
04:50
they are designed mostly for extroverts
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sú navrhnuté hlavne pre extrovertov,
04:52
and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation.
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ktorý potrebujú veľa stimulov.
04:55
And also we have this belief system right now
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A tiež teraz veríme tomu,
04:59
that I call the new groupthink,
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čo ja nazývam skupinové myslenie,
05:01
which holds that all creativity and all productivity
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že všetka kreativita a produktivita
05:04
comes from a very oddly gregarious place.
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pochádza zo zvláštneho čriedovitého miesta.
05:09
So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays:
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Ak si predstavíte typickú triedu,
05:11
When I was going to school,
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keď som ja chodila do školy,
05:13
we sat in rows.
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sedeli sme v radoch.
05:15
We sat in rows of desks like this,
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V radoch lavíc takto,
05:17
and we did most of our work pretty autonomously.
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a väčšinu práce sme robili samostatne.
05:19
But nowadays, your typical classroom
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Ale dnes, typická trieda
05:21
has pods of desks --
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má skupinky lavíc,
05:23
four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other.
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štyri, päť, šesť až sedem detí sedí oproti sebe.
05:26
And kids are working in countless group assignments.
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A deti pracujú na mnohých skupinových úlohách.
05:28
Even in subjects like math and creative writing,
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Dokonca aj na predmetoch ako matematika a tvorivé písanie,
05:31
which you think would depend on solo flights of thought,
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od ktorých by ste očakávali samostatné myslenie.
05:34
kids are now expected to act as committee members.
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Od detí sa očakáva, že budú konať ako členovia komisie.
05:38
And for the kids who prefer
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A na deti, ktoré radšej
05:40
to go off by themselves or just to work alone,
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sú samé alebo len pracujú samé,
05:42
those kids are seen as outliers often
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sa pozerá ako na odlišných.
05:44
or, worse, as problem cases.
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Či horšie ako na problémových.
05:48
And the vast majority of teachers reports believing
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Veľká väčšina učiteľov verí,
05:51
that the ideal student is an extrovert
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že ideálny študent je extrovert,
05:53
as opposed to an introvert,
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namiesto introverta,
05:55
even though introverts actually get better grades
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hoci introverti majú v skutočnosti lepšie známky
05:57
and are more knowledgeable,
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a sú erudovanejší.
05:59
according to research.
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Podľa výskumu...
06:01
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
06:03
Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces.
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OK, to isté platí pre naše pracoviská.
06:06
Now, most of us work in open plan offices,
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Väčšina z nás pracuje v otvorených kanceláriách,
06:09
without walls,
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bez stien,
06:11
where we are subject
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kde sme vystavení
06:13
to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers.
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stálemu hluku a pohľadom spolupracovníkov.
06:15
And when it comes to leadership,
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A keď príde na vodcovstvo,
06:17
introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions,
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introverti sú bežne opomínaní z vedúcich pozícií,
06:19
even though introverts tend to be very careful,
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aj keď zvyknú byť opatrnejší,
06:21
much less likely to take outsize risks --
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menej náchylní riskovať,
06:23
which is something we might all favor nowadays.
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čo je niečo, čo sa nám v dnešnej dobe môže hodiť.
06:27
And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School
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Zaujímavý výskum Adama Granta z Wharton School
06:30
has found that introverted leaders
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zistil, že introvertní vodcovia
06:32
often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do,
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často prinesú lepšie výsledky než extroverti,
06:34
because when they are managing proactive employees,
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lebo keď vedú aktívnych zamestnancov,
06:37
they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas,
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skôr im dajú priestor na ich nápady,
06:40
whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly,
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zatiaľ čo extrovert sa môže
06:42
get so excited about things
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nevedomky tak nadchnúť,
06:44
that they're putting their own stamp on things,
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že presadí svoju predstavu
06:46
and other people's ideas might not as easily then
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a nápady ostatných nemôžu tak ľahko
06:48
bubble up to the surface.
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vyplynúť na povrch.
06:51
Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.
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V skutočnosti niektorí z našich vedúcich osobností boli introverti.
06:54
I'll give you some examples.
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Dám vám príklady.
06:56
Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi --
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Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi,
06:59
all these peopled described themselves
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títo ľudia sa opísali ako
07:01
as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy.
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tichí, málovravní až hanbliví.
07:04
And they all took the spotlight,
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A všetci sa dostali do centra pozornosti,
07:06
even though every bone in their bodies
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napriek tomu, že cítili v kostiach,
07:08
was telling them not to.
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že to nechcú.
07:11
And this turns out to have a special power all its own,
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Ukázalo sa, že to má svoj vlastný význam,
07:13
because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm,
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lebo ľudia cítili, že títo vodcovia sú pri kormidle,
07:16
not because they enjoyed directing others
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nie preto, že radi ostatných riadia,
07:18
and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;
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nie preto, že im robí dobre, keď sa na nich upierajú oči.
07:20
they were there because they had no choice,
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Boli tam, lebo nemali na výber,
07:22
because they were driven to do what they thought was right.
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lebo ich hnalo to, čo považovali za správne.
07:26
Now I think at this point it's important for me to say
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Myslím, že teraz by som mala dodať,
07:29
that I actually love extroverts.
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že milujem extrovertov.
07:32
I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts,
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Vždy vravím, že niektorí moji najlepší priatelia sú extroverti,
07:35
including my beloved husband.
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vrátane môjho milovaného manžela.
07:39
And we all fall at different points, of course,
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A všetci samozrejme spadáme niekde
07:41
along the introvert/extrovert spectrum.
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na škále introvert - extrovert.
07:44
Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms, said
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Dokonca Carl Jung, psychológ, ktorý prvý spopularizoval tieto pojmy, povedal
07:47
that there's no such thing as a pure introvert
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že nie je čistý introvert
07:49
or a pure extrovert.
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alebo čistý extrovert.
07:51
He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum,
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Povedal, že taký človek by bol na psychiatrii,
07:53
if he existed at all.
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ak by vôbec existoval.
07:56
And some people fall smack in the middle
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Niektorí ľudia spadajú presne do stredu
07:58
of the introvert/extrovert spectrum,
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spektra introvert - extrovert.
08:00
and we call these people ambiverts.
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Môžme ich nazvať ambiverti.
08:02
And I often think that they have the best of all worlds.
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Často mám pocit, že majú to najlepšie z oboch svetov.
08:06
But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.
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Ale mnohí z nás sa považujú za jedno, či druhé.
08:09
And what I'm saying is that culturally we need a much better balance.
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Snažím sa naznačiť, že kultúrne potrebujeme rovnováhu.
08:12
We need more of a yin and yang
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Potrebujeme yin a yang
08:14
between these two types.
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medzi týmito typmi.
08:16
This is especially important
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To je obzvlášť dôležité,
08:18
when it comes to creativity and to productivity,
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pri tvorivosti a produktivite,
08:20
because when psychologists look
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lebo keď sa psychológovia pozrú
08:22
at the lives of the most creative people,
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na životy najtvorivejších ľudí,
08:24
what they find
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zisťujú,
08:26
are people who are very good at exchanging ideas
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že sú to ľudia schopní vymieňať myšlienky,
08:28
and advancing ideas,
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zlepšovať myšlienky,
08:30
but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.
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ale ktorí majú v sebe kus introvertnosti.
08:33
And this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often
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Pretože samota je často dôležitá
08:35
to creativity.
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prísada kreativity.
08:37
So Darwin,
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Darwin,
08:39
he took long walks alone in the woods
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chodil na dlhé prechádzky do lesa
08:41
and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations.
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a dôrazne odmietal pozvánky na večierky.
08:44
Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss,
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Theodor Geisel, známejší ako Dr. Seuss,
08:47
he dreamed up many of his amazing creations
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vysníval mnohé z jeho úžasných výtvorov
08:49
in a lonely bell tower office that he had
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v opustenej kancelárii,
08:51
in the back of his house in La Jolla, California.
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v zadnej časti domu v La Jolla v Kalifornii.
08:54
And he was actually afraid to meet
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A v skutočnosti sa bál stretnúť
08:56
the young children who read his books
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malé deti, ktoré čítali jeho knihy.
08:58
for fear that they were expecting him
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Zo strachu, že budú očakávať
09:00
this kind of jolly Santa Claus-like figure
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takú veselú Santa Clausovskú postavičku,
09:02
and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona.
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a budú sklamané z jeho viac zdržanlivejšej osobnosti.
09:06
Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer
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Steve Wozniak vynašiel prvý Apple počítač
09:08
sitting alone in his cubical
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sediac sám vo svojom kumbálku
09:10
in Hewlett-Packard where he was working at the time.
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v Hewlett-Packard, kde v tom čase pracoval.
09:12
And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place
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A povedal, že by sa nikdy nestal expertom,
09:15
had he not been too introverted to leave the house
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keby nebol príliš introvertný na to, aby vyšiel z domu,
09:18
when he was growing up.
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keď vyrastal.
09:20
Now of course,
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Samozrejme,
09:23
this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating --
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to neznamená, že máme prestať spolupracovať.
09:26
and case in point, is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs
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Steve Wozniak sa musel stretnúť s Stevom Jobsom,
09:29
to start Apple Computer --
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aby založili Apple Computer.
09:32
but it does mean that solitude matters
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Ale znamená to, že na samote záleží
09:35
and that for some people
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a že pre niektorých ľudí
09:37
it is the air that they breathe.
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je to vzduch, ktorým dýchajú.
09:39
And in fact, we have known for centuries
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V skutočnosti, už stáročia vieme
09:42
about the transcendent power of solitude.
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o transcendentnej sile samoty.
09:45
It's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it.
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Ale v poslednej dobe na to zabúdame.
09:48
If you look at most of the world's major religions,
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Ak sa pozriete na hlavné svetové náboženstvá,
09:51
you will find seekers --
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nájdete hľadačov,
09:53
Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad --
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Mojžiša, Ježiša, Budhu, Mohameda,
09:56
seekers who are going off by themselves
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osamotených hľadačov,
09:58
alone to the wilderness
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ktorí idú do pustatiny,
10:00
where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations
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kde nachádzajú zjavenia,
10:02
that they then bring back to the rest of the community.
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ktoré potom prinášajú zvyšku komunity.
10:05
So no wilderness, no revelations.
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Takže žiadna pustatina, žiadne zjavenia.
10:09
This is no surprise though
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Nie je to prekvapujúce,
10:11
if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology.
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keď sa pozriete na poznatky súčasnej psychológie.
10:14
It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people
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Ukázalo sa, že nemôžme byť v skupine ľudí
10:17
without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions.
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bez toho, aby sme inštinktívne nenapodobňovali ich názory.
10:20
Even about seemingly personal and visceral things
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Dokonca pri zdalivo osobných a vnútorných presvedčeniach,
10:22
like who you're attracted to,
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ako napríklad kto vás priťahuje,
10:24
you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you
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začnete napodobňovať presvedčenia ľudí okolo,
10:27
without even realizing that that's what you're doing.
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bez toho, aby ste si to uvedomovali.
10:29
And groups famously follow the opinions
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A skupiny nasledujú názor
10:32
of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room,
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najviac dominantnej alebo charizmatickej osoby v miestnosti,
10:34
even though there's zero correlation
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aj keď neexistuje súvislosť,
10:36
between being the best talker and having the best ideas --
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že najlepší rečník má aj najlepšie nápady.
10:39
I mean zero.
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Skutočne žiadna.
10:41
So ...
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Takže...
10:43
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
10:45
You might be following the person with the best ideas,
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Možno nasledujete toho s najlepšími nápadmi
10:48
but you might not.
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ale možno aj nie.
10:50
And do you really want to leave it up to chance?
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A chcete to naozaj nechať na náhodu?
10:53
Much better for everybody to go off by themselves,
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Pre všetkých je lepšie, ak sami
10:55
generate their own ideas
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prichádzajú s vlastnými nápadmi,
10:57
freed from the distortions of group dynamics,
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bez skreslenia skupinovou dynamikou,
10:59
and then come together as a team
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a potom ich spoločne ako tím
11:01
to talk them through in a well-managed environment
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preberú v dobre riadenom prostredí
11:04
and take it from there.
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a pokračujú ďalej.
11:06
Now if all this is true,
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Ak by toto všetko bola pravda,
11:08
then why are we getting it so wrong?
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prečo nám to nejde?
11:11
Why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces?
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Prečo takto pripravujeme školské a pracovné prostredie?
11:13
And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty
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A prečo nútime introvertov cítiť sa previnilo,
11:15
about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time?
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keď len chcú byť istý čas sami?
11:19
One answer lies deep in our cultural history.
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Jedna odpoveď leží hlboko v kultúrnej histórii.
11:22
Western societies,
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Západné civilizácie,
11:24
and in particular the U.S.,
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zvlášť Spojené štáty.
11:26
have always favored the man of action
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vždy preferovali človeka akcie
11:28
over the man of contemplation
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nad rozjímajúcim človekom
11:30
and "man" of contemplation.
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hĺbavým človekom.
11:34
But in America's early days,
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Na počiatku Ameriky,
11:37
we lived in what historians call a culture of character,
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sme žili v niečom, čo historici nazývajú kultúra charakteru,
11:40
where we still, at that point, valued people
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kde sme si cenili ľudí
11:42
for their inner selves and their moral rectitude.
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pre ich vnútro a morálnu čestnosť.
11:45
And if you look at the self-help books from this era,
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Keď sa poriete na svojpomocné príručky tej doby,
11:47
they all had titles with things like
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všetky niesli názov ako:
11:49
"Character, the Grandest Thing in the World."
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"Charakter, najväčšia vec na svete."
11:52
And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln
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A všetky kládli za model Abrahama Lincolna,
11:55
who was praised for being modest and unassuming.
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ktorého uznávali za skromnosť a zdržanlivosť.
11:57
Ralph Waldo Emerson called him
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Ralph Waldo Emerson ho nazval
11:59
"A man who does not offend by superiority."
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"muž, ktorý neuráža nadradenosťou".
12:02
But then we hit the 20th century
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Ale potom sme narazli na 20-te storočie
12:05
and we entered a new culture
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a vstúpili do novej kultúry,
12:07
that historians call the culture of personality.
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ktorú historici nazvali kultúrou osobnosti.
12:09
What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy
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Poľnohospodárska ekonomika sa premenila
12:11
to a world of big business.
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na svet biznisu.
12:13
And so suddenly people are moving
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A ľudia sa začali sťahovať
12:15
from small towns to the cities.
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z mestečiek do miest.
12:17
And instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives,
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Namiesto toho, aby pracovali popri ľuďoch, ktorých poznali celý život,
12:20
now they are having to prove themselves
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teraz sa museli prejaviť
12:22
in a crowd of strangers.
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v skupine cudzích.
12:24
So, quite understandably,
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Takže celkom pochopiteľne
12:26
qualities like magnetism and charisma
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kvality ako príťažlivosť a charizma
12:28
suddenly come to seem really important.
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boli veľmi dôležité.
12:30
And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs
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A samozrejme svojpomocné príručky sa prispôsobili
12:33
and they start to have names
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a začali mať názvy
12:35
like "How to Win Friends and Influence People."
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ako "Ako získať priateľov a ovplyvňovať ľudí."
12:37
And they feature as their role models
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A za model uznávali
12:39
really great salesmen.
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skvelého predajcu.
12:42
So that's the world we're living in today.
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V takom svete dnes žijeme.
12:44
That's our cultural inheritance.
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To je kultúrne dedičstvo.
12:48
Now none of this is to say
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Nechcem tým povedať,
12:50
that social skills are unimportant,
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že sociálne zručnosti nie sú dôležité.
12:53
and I'm also not calling
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Ani nevolám po
12:55
for the abolishing of teamwork at all.
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úplnom zrušení tímovej práce.
12:58
The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops
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Náboženstvá, ktoré posielajú mudrcov na vrcholy hôr,
13:01
also teach us love and trust.
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nás tiež učia o láske a dôvere.
13:04
And the problems that we are facing today
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Problémy, ktorým dnes čelíme
13:06
in fields like science and in economics
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v oblasti ako veda a ekonomika
13:08
are so vast and so complex
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sú tak rozsiahle a zložité,
13:10
that we are going to need armies of people coming together
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že budeme potrebovať armády ľudí, ktorí sa zídu,
13:12
to solve them working together.
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aby spolu hľadali riešenia.
13:14
But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves,
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Ale chcem povedať, že čím viac slobody dáme introvertom, nech sú,
13:17
the more likely that they are
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akí chcú, tým skôr
13:19
to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.
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prídu na vlastné riešenia týchto problémov.
13:24
So now I'd like to share with you
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Teraz vám chcem ukázať,
13:26
what's in my suitcase today.
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čo je dnes v mojom kufri.
13:33
Guess what?
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Hádajte.
13:35
Books.
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Knihy.
13:37
I have a suitcase full of books.
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Mám kufor plný kníh.
13:39
Here's Margaret Atwood, "Cat's Eye."
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Tu je Margaret Atwoodovej "Mačkino oko."
13:41
Here's a novel by Milan Kundera.
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Tu je román od Milana Kunderu.
13:44
And here's "The Guide for the Perplexed"
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A tu "Sprievodca pre zmätených"
13:46
by Maimonides.
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od Maimonidesa.
13:49
But these are not exactly my books.
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Nie sú to vlastne moje knihy.
13:52
I brought these books with me
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Priniesla som ich sem,
13:54
because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.
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lebo sú to obľúbení autori môjho starého otca.
13:58
My grandfather was a rabbi
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Starý otec bol rabínom
14:00
and he was a widower
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a vdovcom,
14:02
who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn
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ktorý žil sám v malom byte v Brooklyne,
14:05
that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up,
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čo bolo moje najobľúbenejšie miesto na svete, keď som vyrastala.
14:08
partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence
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Sčasti pre jeho vľúdny a uhladený vzhľad
14:11
and partly because it was filled with books.
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a sčati preto, že bol plný kníh.
14:14
I mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment
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Doslova každý stôl a stolička v jeho byte,
14:17
had yielded its original function
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ústúpili svojej pôvodnej funkcii,
14:19
to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books.
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aby slúžili ako podklad pod stohy kníh.
14:22
Just like the rest of my family,
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Ako aj zvyšok mojej rodiny,
14:24
my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.
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starý otec najradšej zo všetkého čítal.
14:27
But he also loved his congregation,
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Ale taktiež miloval svoju kongregáciu,
14:30
and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave
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dalo sa to cítiť z jeho kázní, ktoré robil
14:33
every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi.
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každý týždeň počas 62 rokov, čo bol rabínom.
14:37
He would takes the fruits of each week's reading
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Prínosmi svojich prednášok
14:40
and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought.
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splietal gobelín zo starovekých a humanistických myšlienok.
14:43
And people would come from all over
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A ľudia prichádzali odvšadiaľ,
14:45
to hear him speak.
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aby si ho vypočuli.
14:47
But here's the thing about my grandfather.
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Ešte jedna vec o starom otcovi.
14:50
Underneath this ceremonial role,
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Pod jeho obradnou úlohou
14:52
he was really modest and really introverted --
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sa v skutočnosti skrýval skromný introvert,
14:55
so much so that when he delivered these sermons,
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ktorý keď skončil kázne,
14:58
he had trouble making eye contact
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mal problém udržať očný kontakt
15:00
with the very same congregation
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s tou istou kongregáciou,
15:02
that he had been speaking to for 62 years.
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ktorej prednášal 62 rokov.
15:04
And even away from the podium,
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Aj mimo pódia,
15:06
when you called him to say hello,
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ak ste ho prišli pozdraviť,
15:08
he would often end the conversation prematurely
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často predčasne ukončil konverzáciu
15:10
for fear that he was taking up too much of your time.
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zo strachu, že vás priveľmi oberá o čas.
15:14
But when he died at the age of 94,
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Keď vo veku 94 rokov zomrel,
15:17
the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood
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polícia musela uzavrieť časť štvrte,
15:20
to accommodate the crowd of people
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aby mohla pojať zástupy ľudí,
15:22
who came out to mourn him.
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ktorí ho prišli oplakávať.
15:26
And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather's example
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Dnes mi je starý otec príkladom
15:29
in my own way.
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mojim vlastným spôsobom.
15:31
So I just published a book about introversion,
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Práve mi vyšla kniha o introvertnosti.
15:34
and it took me about seven years to write.
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Trvalo mi to 7 rokov napísať.
15:36
And for me, that seven years was like total bliss,
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A pre mňa bolo tých 7 rokov požehnaním,
15:39
because I was reading, I was writing,
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čítala som, písala,
15:42
I was thinking, I was researching.
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premýšľala, bádala.
15:44
It was my version
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Bola to moja verzia tých hodín,
15:46
of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library.
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ktoré starý otec trávil vo svojej knižnici.
15:49
But now all of a sudden my job is very different,
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Zrazu je moja práca o inom.
15:52
and my job is to be out here talking about it,
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Musím byť tu a rozprávať o tom.
15:55
talking about introversion.
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Rozprávať vám o introvertnosti.
15:58
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
16:02
And that's a lot harder for me,
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To je pre mňa omnoho ťažšie,
16:04
because as honored as I am
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lebo síce mi je cťou,
16:06
to be here with all of you right now,
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že som tu dnes s vami,
16:08
this is not my natural milieu.
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toto nie je moje prirodzené prostredie.
16:11
So I prepared for moments like these
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Pripravujem sa na tieto chvíle najlepšie,
16:13
as best I could.
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ako viem.
16:15
I spent the last year practicing public speaking
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Strávila som posledný rok prednášaním
16:17
every chance I could get.
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pri každnej príležitosti, ktorá sa vyskytla.
16:19
And I call this my "year of speaking dangerously."
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Volám to môj "rok nebezpečného prednášania".
16:22
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
16:24
And that actually helped a lot.
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A dosť to pomohlo.
16:26
But I'll tell you, what helps even more
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Ale poviem vám, že ešte viac pomáha
16:28
is my sense, my belief, my hope
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moje presvedčenie a moja viera,
16:31
that when it comes to our attitudes
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že pokiaľ ide o naše postoje
16:33
to introversion and to quiet and to solitude,
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voči introvertnosti, tichu a samote,
16:35
we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change.
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sme na okraji dramatickej zmeny.
16:37
I mean, we are.
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Skutočne sme.
16:39
And so I am going to leave you now
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A teraz vás nechám
16:41
with three calls for action
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s tromi výzvami
16:43
for those who share this vision.
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pre tých, ktorí zdieľajú túto víziu.
16:45
Number one:
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Číslo jeden.
16:47
Stop the madness for constant group work.
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Prestaňte so šialenosťou neustálej skupinovej činnosti.
16:49
Just stop it.
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Proste prestaňte.
16:51
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
16:54
Thank you.
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Ďakujem vám.
16:56
(Applause)
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(potlesk)
16:58
And I want to be clear about what I'm saying,
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Aby bolo jasné, čo vravím,
17:00
because I deeply believe our offices
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lebo naozaj verím, že naše kancelárie
17:02
should be encouraging
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by mali podporovať
17:04
casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions --
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nenútené, kaviarenské rozhovory.
17:06
you know, the kind where people come together
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Viete, keď sa ľudia zídu
17:08
and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas.
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a vymieňajú si nápady.
17:10
That is great.
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To je skvelé.
17:12
It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts.
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Skvelé pre introvertov, skvelé pre extrovertov.
17:14
But we need much more privacy and much more freedom
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Ale potrebujeme viac súkromia a slobody,
17:16
and much more autonomy at work.
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viac autonómie v práci.
17:18
School, same thing.
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V škole to isté.
17:20
We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure,
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Musíme deti učiť, ako pracovať spolu, jasné,
17:23
but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own.
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ale musíme ich tiež učiť, ako pracovať osamote.
17:25
This is especially important for extroverted children too.
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To je zvlášť dôležité pre extrovertované deti.
17:28
They need to work on their own
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Musia pracovať samostatne,
17:30
because that is where deep thought comes from in part.
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lebo tak sa rodia veľké myšlienky.
17:32
Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness.
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OK, číslo dva. Vyberte sa do pustatiny.
17:35
Be like Buddha, have your own revelations.
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Ako Budha, odhaľte vlastné zjavenia.
17:38
I'm not saying
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Nevravím,
17:40
that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods
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že každý si má teraz postaviť chatku v horách
17:43
and never talk to each other again,
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a už s nikým neprehovoriť.
17:46
but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug
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Ale mali by sme vypnúť
17:48
and get inside our own heads
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a dostať sa do vlastnej hlavy
17:50
a little more often.
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o niečo častejšie.
17:54
Number three:
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Číslo tri.
17:57
Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase
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Dobre sa pozrite, čo máte vo vlastnom kufri
17:59
and why you put it there.
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a prečo ste to tam dali.
18:01
So extroverts,
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Extroverti,
18:03
maybe your suitcases are also full of books.
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možno je aj váš kufor plný kníh.
18:05
Or maybe they're full of champagne glasses
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Možno pohárov od šampanského,
18:07
or skydiving equipment.
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alebo nástroja na potápanie.
18:10
Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get
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Nech je to čokoľvek, dúfam, že tie veci vyberiete čo najčastejšie
18:14
and grace us with your energy and your joy.
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a potešíte nás vašou energiou a radosťou.
18:17
But introverts, you being you,
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Introverti, keďže ste to vy
18:20
you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully
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pravdepodobne si dobre strážite to,
18:22
what's inside your own suitcase.
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čo máte vo svojom kufri.
18:24
And that's okay.
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To je v poriadku.
18:26
But occasionally, just occasionally,
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Ale občas, len občas,
18:28
I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see,
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dúfam, že dovolíte ostatným, aby nahliadli do vášho kufra,
18:31
because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.
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lebo svet vás potrebuje a potrebuje to, čo nesiete.
18:36
So I wish you the best of all possible journeys
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Prajem vám najlepšie možné cesty
18:38
and the courage to speak softly.
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a odvahu rozprávať jemne.
18:41
Thank you very much.
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Ďakujem vám veľmi pekne.
18:43
(Applause)
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(potlesk)
18:47
Thank you. Thank you.
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Ďakujem vám. Ďakujem vám.
18:50
(Applause)
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(potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Cain - Quiet revolutionaryOur world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone.
Why you should listen
Susan Cain is a former corporate lawyer and negotiations consultant -- and a self-described introvert. At least one-third of the people we know are introverts, notes Cain in her book QUIET: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking. Although our culture undervalues them dramatically, introverts have made some of the great contributions to society -- from Chopin's nocturnes to the invention of the personal computer to Ghandi's transformative leadership. Cain argues that we design our schools, workplaces and religious institutions for extroverts, and that this bias creates a waste of talent, energy and happiness. Based on intensive research in psychology and neurobiology and on prolific interviews, she also explains why introverts are capable of great love and great achievement, not in spite of their temperament -- but because of them.
In 2015 Susan Cain announced the launch of her mission-based organization Quiet Revolution that aims to change the lives of introverts by empowering them with the information, tools and resources they need to survive and thrive.
In the workplace, companies are not fully harnessing the talents of their introverted employees and leadership teams are often imbalanced with many more extroverts than introverts. The Quiet Leadership Institute has worked with companies from LinkedIn to GE to Procter and Gamble to help them achieve their potential by providing learning experiences that unlock the power of introverts.
At the heart and center of the Quiet Revolution is empowering the next generation of children to know their own strengths and be freed from the sense of inadequacy that has shadowed the children of previous generations. Susan's second book, Quiet Power, is written for teens and young adults but also serves as a tool for teachers and parents. In addition, Susan has created a portal and a online learning experience for the parents of quiet children and has also established the Quiet Schools Network. Susan's podcast, Quiet: The Power of Introverts debuted in February 2016 as a 10-part series designed to give parents and teachers the tools they need to empower quiet kids.
Susan and the Quiet Revolution have received numerous accolades and press including Fortune magazine, The New York Times, NPRand many more.
Susan Cain | Speaker | TED.com