ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Cain - Quiet revolutionary
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone.

Why you should listen

Susan Cain is a former corporate lawyer and negotiations consultant -- and a self-described introvert. At least one-third of the people we know are introverts, notes Cain in her book QUIET: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking. Although our culture undervalues them dramatically, introverts have made some of the great contributions to society -- from Chopin's nocturnes to the invention of the personal computer to Ghandi's transformative leadership. Cain argues that we design our schools, workplaces and religious institutions for extroverts, and that this bias creates a waste of talent, energy and happiness. Based on intensive research in psychology and neurobiology and on prolific interviews, she also explains why introverts are capable of great love and great achievement, not in spite of their temperament -- but because of them.

In 2015 Susan Cain announced the launch of her mission-based organization Quiet Revolution that aims to change the lives of introverts by empowering them with the information, tools and resources they need to survive and thrive.

In the workplace, companies are not fully harnessing the talents of their introverted employees and leadership teams are often imbalanced with many more extroverts than introverts. The Quiet Leadership Institute has worked with companies from LinkedIn to GE to Procter and Gamble to help them achieve their potential by providing learning experiences that unlock the power of introverts.

At the heart and center of the Quiet Revolution is empowering the next generation of children to know their own strengths and be freed from the sense of inadequacy that has shadowed the children of previous generations. Susan's second book, Quiet Power, is written for teens and young adults but also serves as a tool for teachers and parents. In addition, Susan has created a portal and a online learning experience for the parents of quiet children and has also established the Quiet Schools Network. Susan's podcast, Quiet: The Power of Introverts debuted in February 2016 as a 10-part series designed to give parents and teachers the tools they need to empower quiet kids.

Susan and the Quiet Revolution have received numerous accolades and press including Fortune magazine, The New York Times, NPRand many more.

More profile about the speaker
Susan Cain | Speaker | TED.com
TED2012

Susan Cain: The power of introverts

Susan Cain:內向者的力量

Filmed:
25,516,646 views

在社交能力和外向備受推崇的文化中,內向的人會遇到很多困難,有時甚至會受到羞辱。但Susan Cain在這充滿熱情的演講中,提出內向者所特有的能力與天份,應受到社會的鼓勵和嘉許。
- Quiet revolutionary
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
When I was nine years年份 old
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在我九歲時
00:17
I went off to summer夏季 camp for the first time.
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第一次要去參加夏令營,
00:19
And my mother母親 packed打包 me a suitcase手提箱
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媽媽幫我整理的行李箱
00:21
full充分 of books圖書,
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裡面塞滿了書,
00:23
which哪一個 to me seemed似乎 like a perfectly完美 natural自然 thing to do.
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這對我來說是完全正常的事情。
00:25
Because in my family家庭,
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因為在我的家庭中,
00:27
reading was the primary group activity活動.
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閱讀是主要的群體活動。
00:30
And this might威力 sound聲音 antisocial反社會的 to you,
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對你來說我們似乎顯得不愛社交,
00:32
but for us it was really just a different不同 way of being存在 social社會.
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但對於我們而言,這只是另一種社交方式罷了。
00:35
You have the animal動物 warmth熱情 of your family家庭
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你能享受到家人坐在身邊
00:37
sitting坐在 right next下一個 to you,
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動物性的溫暖,
00:39
but you are also free自由 to go roaming漫遊 around the adventureland探險世界
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也能自由自在地
00:41
inside your own擁有 mind心神.
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在內心深處的冒險樂園中遨遊。
00:43
And I had this idea理念
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而我以為
00:45
that camp was going to be just like this, but better.
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夏令營就應該像這樣子,而且是更好一些。
00:47
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
00:50
I had a vision視力 of 10 girls女孩 sitting坐在 in a cabin
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我的腦海浮現著10個女孩
00:53
cozily舒適地 reading books圖書 in their matching匹配 nightgowns睡衣.
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穿相似的睡衣,坐在小木屋裡愜意地讀書。
00:55
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
00:57
Camp was more like a keg party派對 without any alcohol.
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夏令營就像是一個沒有酒精飲料的派對聚會。
01:00
And on the very first day
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在入營的第一天
01:03
our counselor顧問 gathered雲集 us all together一起
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營長把我們召集一起
01:05
and she taught us a cheer歡呼 that she said we would be doing
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她教了我們ㄧ個在暑假餘下的日子裡
01:07
every一切 day for the rest休息 of the summer夏季
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每天都會用到的口號,
01:09
to instill灌輸 camp spirit精神.
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藉以凝聚營舎精神。
01:11
And it went like this:
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這句口號是這樣的:
01:13
"R-O-W-D-I-EROWDIE,
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"R-O-W-D-I-E (譯註:即 rowdy 作吵鬧解),
01:15
that's the way we spell拼寫 rowdierowdie.
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我們是這樣拼rowdie的,
01:17
RowdieRowdie, rowdierowdie, let's get rowdierowdie."
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嘰喳嘰喳嘰,盡情吵鬧吧。"
01:22
Yeah.
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是的。
01:24
So I couldn't不能 figure數字 out for the life of me
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我完全不能理解
01:26
why we were supposed應該 to be so rowdy吵鬧的,
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為何要吵鬧,
01:28
or why we had to spell拼寫 this word incorrectly不正確.
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為何要錯誤地拼這個字。
01:31
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:37
But I recited引用 a cheer歡呼. I recited引用 a cheer歡呼 along沿 with everybody每個人 else其他.
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不過我還是背誦了這口號,跟其他人一同呼叫。
01:40
I did my best最好.
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我盡力而為。
01:42
And I just waited等待 for the time
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然後等待,
01:44
that I could go off and read my books圖書.
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可以回房看書的時間。
01:47
But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase手提箱,
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但當我終於可以把書拿出來的時候,
01:49
the coolest最酷 girl女孩 in the bunk假寐 came來了 up to me
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營裡最酷的女孩走過來
01:51
and she asked me, "Why are you being存在 so mellow醇厚?" --
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問我,"你在裝甚麼老成啊?" --
01:54
mellow醇厚, of course課程, being存在 the exact精確 opposite對面
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老成,剛好是
01:56
of R-O-W-D-I-EROWDIE.
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吵鬧 (R-O-W-D-I-E) 的相反詞。
01:58
And then the second第二 time I tried試著 it,
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然後第二次我再拿書出來時,
02:00
the counselor顧問 came來了 up to me with a concerned關心 expression表達 on her face面對
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營長面露關心的走過來,
02:03
and she repeated重複 the point about camp spirit精神
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重申了營隊精神,
02:05
and said we should all work very hard
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說我們都應該努力變得
02:07
to be outgoing傳出.
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活潑外向。
02:09
And so I put my books圖書 away,
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所以我把書收進
02:12
back in their suitcase手提箱,
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我的行李箱裡,
02:15
and I put them under my bed,
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把它們放在床下,
02:19
and there they stayed for the rest休息 of the summer夏季.
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讓它整個夏天都待在那裡,
02:21
And I felt kind of guilty有罪 about this.
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然而我卻覺得有點愧疚,
02:23
I felt as if the books圖書 needed需要 me somehow不知何故,
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總覺得這些書本需要我,
02:25
and they were calling調用 out to me and I was forsaking撇下 them.
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他們不停呼喚著我,
02:28
But I did forsake背叛 them and I didn't open打開 that suitcase手提箱 again
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但我把它拋棄了而且再也沒有打開我的行李箱,
02:30
until直到 I was back home with my family家庭
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一直到夏天的尾巴,
02:32
at the end結束 of the summer夏季.
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我回家的那天。
02:34
Now, I tell you this story故事 about summer夏季 camp.
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我說的這個夏令營的故事,
02:37
I could have told you 50 others其他 just like it --
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事實上可以有五十個相同的版本--
02:40
all the times that I got the message信息
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旁人傳遞來的訊息總是說,
02:42
that somehow不知何故 my quiet安靜 and introverted內斂 style樣式 of being存在
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我的安靜內向
02:46
was not necessarily一定 the right way to go,
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不是一般人應該有的表現,
02:48
that I should be trying to pass通過 as more of an extrovert個性外向的.
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我應該更活潑外向一點。
02:51
And I always sensed感應 deep down that this was wrong錯誤
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但我內心深處我知道,
02:54
and that introverts內向的人 were pretty漂亮 excellent優秀 just as they were.
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內向才是我真正自在的表現。
02:56
But for years年份 I denied否認 this intuition直覺,
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但,多年來我試圖否定我的直覺,
02:59
and so I became成為 a Wall Street lawyer律師, of all things,
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所以我成為華爾街的律師,
03:02
instead代替 of the writer作家 that I had always longed渴望 to be --
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而不是我一直想成為的作家--
03:05
partly部分地 because I needed需要 to prove證明 to myself
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一部份原因是我想證明
03:07
that I could be bold膽大 and assertive斷言的 too.
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自己有行事果斷的能力。
03:09
And I was always going off to crowded bars酒吧
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我常去最熱門的酒吧,
03:11
when I really would have preferred首選 to just have a nice不錯 dinner晚餐 with friends朋友.
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但其實我更想要與好友自在的享用晚餐。
03:14
And I made製作 these self-negating自我否定 choices選擇
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我下意識的做這些
03:17
so reflexively本能,
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背離我個性的選擇,
03:19
that I wasn't even aware知道的 that I was making製造 them.
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而我竟已渾然不覺。
03:22
Now this is what many許多 introverts內向的人 do,
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其實很多內向的人都這麼做,
03:24
and it's our loss失利 for sure,
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這不只是我們個人損失,
03:26
but it is also our colleagues'同事' loss失利
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更是我們同僚,
03:28
and our communities'社區 loss失利.
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與社會群眾的損失。
03:30
And at the risk風險 of sounding聽起來 grandiose雄偉, it is the world's世界 loss失利.
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聽起來言重,但這也是對這個世界的損失。
03:33
Because when it comes to creativity創造力 and to leadership領導,
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因為創造力和領導力
03:36
we need introverts內向的人 doing what they do best最好.
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正需要這些內斂的人發揮他們的長才。
03:39
A third第三 to a half of the population人口 are introverts內向的人 --
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有1/3至一半的人口是偏內向的--
03:41
a third第三 to a half.
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1/3近一半!
03:43
So that's one out of every一切 two or three people you know.
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也就是說每兩三個人中就有一個內向人口。
03:46
So even if you're an extrovert個性外向的 yourself你自己,
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就算你本身是外向的,
03:49
I'm talking about your coworkers合作夥伴
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你的同事
03:51
and your spouses配偶 and your children孩子
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你的另一半和你的小孩,
03:53
and the person sitting坐在 next下一個 to you right now --
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還有你旁邊坐的那位--
03:56
all of them subject學科 to this bias偏壓
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都可能是受害者。
03:58
that is pretty漂亮 deep and real真實 in our society社會.
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這種觀念深植在我們社會中。
04:00
We all internalize內在 it from a very early age年齡
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我們在還不會說話時
04:03
without even having a language語言 for what we're doing.
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就已被這種思想內化了。
04:06
Now to see the bias偏壓 clearly明確地
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為了要更加明白這個偏見,
04:08
you need to understand理解 what introversion內向 is.
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我們必須瞭解什麼是內向。
04:11
It's different不同 from being存在 shy害羞.
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內向不是害羞,
04:13
Shyness害羞 is about fear恐懼 of social社會 judgment判斷.
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害羞是無法承受社會眼光。
04:15
Introversion內向 is more about,
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內向比較像是
04:17
how do you respond響應 to stimulation促進,
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你對外在世界的反應。
04:19
including包含 social社會 stimulation促進.
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外向的人需要很多的刺激,
04:21
So extroverts外向的人 really crave渴望 large amounts of stimulation促進,
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但內斂的人相反,
04:24
whereas introverts內向的人 feel at their most alive
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他們對自身感受敏銳,
04:26
and their most switched-on切換到 and their most capable
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反而在不被注目時
04:28
when they're in quieter安靜, more low-key低調 environments環境.
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最能發揮他們的能耐。
04:30
Not all the time -- these things aren't absolute絕對 --
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偶而會有例外,
04:32
but a lot of the time.
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但大多是如此。
04:34
So the key then
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所以關鍵在於
04:36
to maximizing最大化 our talents人才
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去將各人的長才發揮至極致,
04:39
is for us all to put ourselves我們自己
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適才所長,
04:41
in the zone of stimulation促進 that is right for us.
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各司其職。
04:44
But now here's這裡的 where the bias偏壓 comes in.
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但就因為社會的偏見,
04:46
Our most important重要 institutions機構,
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我們最重要的機構
04:48
our schools學校 and our workplaces工作場所,
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學校及職場,
04:50
they are designed設計 mostly大多 for extroverts外向的人
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卻像是為外向者設計的,
04:52
and for extroverts'外向的人“ need for lots of stimulation促進.
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提供很多的刺激給每個人。
04:55
And also we have this belief信仰 system系統 right now
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這樣的不成文社會慣例,
04:59
that I call the new groupthink群體思維,
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我稱之為新團體思考,
05:01
which哪一個 holds持有 that all creativity創造力 and all productivity生產率
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把所有的想像力跟創造力
05:04
comes from a very oddly奇怪 gregarious群居 place地點.
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綑在一個群聚的團體中。
05:09
So if you picture圖片 the typical典型 classroom課堂 nowadays如今:
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所以,想像一個早期典型的教室:
05:11
When I was going to school學校,
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我以前上學時,
05:13
we satSAT in rows.
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我們都排排坐在
05:15
We satSAT in rows of desks書桌 like this,
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行列整齊的書桌前,
05:17
and we did most of our work pretty漂亮 autonomously自主.
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各自做著我們的功課。
05:19
But nowadays如今, your typical典型 classroom課堂
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但現在,普遍的教室
05:21
has pods of desks書桌 --
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都把桌椅和併成團--
05:23
four or five or six or seven kids孩子 all facing面對 each other.
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四,五,六,七個小朋友面對面,
05:26
And kids孩子 are working加工 in countless無數 group assignments任務.
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每個人都要參與團體作業,
05:28
Even in subjects主題 like math數學 and creative創作的 writing寫作,
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甚至連算數或是創意寫作
05:31
which哪一個 you think would depend依靠 on solo獨奏 flights航班 of thought,
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這種可以獨自完成的作業,
05:34
kids孩子 are now expected預期 to act法案 as committee委員會 members會員.
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都要小朋友像委員會成員一樣參與討論。
05:38
And for the kids孩子 who prefer比較喜歡
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而那些想要獨自
05:40
to go off by themselves他們自己 or just to work alone單獨,
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或獨立完成作業的孩子,
05:42
those kids孩子 are seen看到 as outliers離群 often經常
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被視為不和群的異類,
05:44
or, worse更差, as problem問題 cases.
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甚至是問題孩童。
05:48
And the vast廣大 majority多數 of teachers教師 reports報告 believing相信
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幾乎所有老師都認為
05:51
that the ideal理想 student學生 is an extrovert個性外向的
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好的學生應該是外向活潑的,
05:53
as opposed反對 to an introvert性格內向,
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內向的孩子則正好相反。
05:55
even though雖然 introverts內向的人 actually其實 get better grades等級
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雖然內向的孩子成績較好
05:57
and are more knowledgeable懂行,
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甚至更博學多聞,
05:59
according根據 to research研究.
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這是根據研究論文的喔。
06:01
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
06:03
Okay, same相同 thing is true真正 in our workplaces工作場所.
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在職場上何嘗不是如此,
06:06
Now, most of us work in open打開 plan計劃 offices辦事處,
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我們大多在開放的空間工作,
06:09
without walls牆壁,
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沒有隔閡,
06:11
where we are subject學科
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我們持續暴露於
06:13
to the constant不變 noise噪聲 and gaze凝視 of our coworkers合作夥伴.
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嘈雜的聲音跟同事的目光下。
06:15
And when it comes to leadership領導,
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而關於領導能力,
06:17
introverts內向的人 are routinely常規 passed通過 over for leadership領導 positions位置,
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內向的人大多不被認為具有領導能力,
06:19
even though雖然 introverts內向的人 tend趨向 to be very careful小心,
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就算他們行事更謹慎,
06:21
much less likely容易 to take outsize如雷貫耳 risks風險 --
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更不會為了出鋒頭冒不必要的險--
06:23
which哪一個 is something we might威力 all favor偏愛 nowadays如今.
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我們不都偏好這種人當領袖嗎?
06:27
And interesting有趣 research研究 by Adam亞當 Grant格蘭特 at the Wharton沃頓商學院 School學校
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Adam Grant研究發現,
06:30
has found發現 that introverted內斂 leaders領導者
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這些內向的領導者,
06:32
often經常 deliver交付 better outcomes結果 than extroverts外向的人 do,
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往往更能勝任領導職責,
06:34
because when they are managing管理的 proactive主動 employees僱員,
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因為他們善於管理不同人才,
06:37
they're much more likely容易 to let those employees僱員 run with their ideas思路,
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讓有遠見的員工自由發揮,
06:40
whereas an extrovert個性外向的 can, quite相當 unwittingly不知不覺,
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反之外向的領導者,不經意的
06:42
get so excited興奮 about things
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對事情反應過度,
06:44
that they're putting their own擁有 stamp郵票 on things,
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他們的見解較為主觀,
06:46
and other people's人們 ideas思路 might威力 not as easily容易 then
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這使很多員工的創新想法
06:48
bubble泡沫 up to the surface表面.
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沒有機會被採用。
06:51
Now in fact事實, some of our transformative變革 leaders領導者 in history歷史 have been introverts內向的人.
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事實上,很多有改革力的偉大領袖是些內向的人。
06:54
I'll give you some examples例子.
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羅斯福、蘿莎帕克斯、甘地,
06:56
Eleanor埃莉諾 Roosevelt羅斯福, Rosa羅莎 Parks公園, Gandhi甘地 --
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這些人對自我的描述都是
06:59
all these peopled人居住 described描述 themselves他們自己
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內向,文靜,說話溫柔,
07:01
as quiet安靜 and soft-spoken輕聲細語 and even shy害羞.
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甚至是害羞的人。
07:04
And they all took the spotlight聚光燈,
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他們矗立在鎂光燈下,
07:06
even though雖然 every一切 bone in their bodies身體
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不是因為他們天生愛指揮,
07:08
was telling告訴 them not to.
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也不是想要萬眾矚目,
07:11
And this turns out to have a special特別 power功率 all its own擁有,
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他們成為領袖是因為一種使命感,
07:13
because people could feel that these leaders領導者 were at the helm,
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因為他們深知這是必須要做的。
07:16
not because they enjoyed享受 directing導演 others其他
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而人們可以明白感受到
07:18
and not out of the pleasure樂趣 of being存在 looked看著 at;
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他們當領袖不是因為好大喜功,
07:20
they were there because they had no choice選擇,
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而是責任感,
07:22
because they were driven驅動 to do what they thought was right.
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驅使他們做認為對的事情。
07:26
Now I think at this point it's important重要 for me to say
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現在我必須申明,
07:29
that I actually其實 love extroverts外向的人.
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我其實非常喜歡外向的人。
07:32
I always like to say some of my best最好 friends朋友 are extroverts外向的人,
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我很多知心友人都是外向者,
07:35
including包含 my beloved心愛 husband丈夫.
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我心愛的丈夫也是。
07:39
And we all fall秋季 at different不同 points, of course課程,
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內向外向就像個光譜,
07:41
along沿 the introvert性格內向/extrovert個性外向的 spectrum光譜.
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而我們坐落在不同程度的兩端。
07:44
Even Carl卡爾 Jung榮格, the psychologist心理學家 who first popularized推廣 these terms條款, said
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心理學大師榮格如是說,
07:47
that there's no such這樣 thing as a pure introvert性格內向
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事上沒有絕對的內向
07:49
or a pure extrovert個性外向的.
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或是外向的人。
07:51
He said that such這樣 a man would be in a lunatic瘋子 asylum避難所,
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即使真有這樣的人存在,
07:53
if he existed存在 at all.
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他就會被關進精神病院。
07:56
And some people fall秋季 smack拍擊 in the middle中間
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在這道內向外向的光譜上,
07:58
of the introvert性格內向/extrovert個性外向的 spectrum光譜,
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有的人剛好坐落在中間,
08:00
and we call these people ambivertsambiverts.
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我們稱之為中間性格,
08:02
And I often經常 think that they have the best最好 of all worlds世界.
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我認為他們是最值得稱讚的,
08:06
But many許多 of us do recognize認識 ourselves我們自己 as one type類型 or the other.
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但大多數的我們都自認不是外向就是內向。
08:09
And what I'm saying is that culturally文化 we need a much better balance平衡.
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我想表達的是,我們的社會文化需要平衡,
08:12
We need more of a yin and yang
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需要內向外向
08:14
between之間 these two types類型.
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陰與陽的調和。
08:16
This is especially特別 important重要
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這點在創造力與生產力的表現上
08:18
when it comes to creativity創造力 and to productivity生產率,
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尤其重要。
08:20
because when psychologists心理學家 look
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因為根據心理學家的觀察,
08:22
at the lives生活 of the most creative創作的 people,
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最有創意的一群人,
08:24
what they find
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不只擅長於
08:26
are people who are very good at exchanging交換 ideas思路
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交換意見,溝通,
08:28
and advancing前進 ideas思路,
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與創新,
08:30
but who also have a serious嚴重 streak條紋 of introversion內向 in them.
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更存有內向的特質,
08:33
And this is because solitude孤獨 is a crucial關鍵 ingredient成分 often經常
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偶發的孤獨感,
08:35
to creativity創造力.
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是創造力的關鍵。
08:37
So Darwin達爾文,
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所以,達爾文
08:39
he took long walks散步 alone單獨 in the woods樹木
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會獨自在樹林間漫步,
08:41
and emphatically重點 turned轉身 down dinner晚餐 party派對 invitations邀請函.
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且斷然的拒絕晚餐宴會的邀約,
08:44
Theodor西奧多 Geisel蓋澤爾, better known已知 as Dr博士. Seuss蘇斯,
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Theodor Geisel,也就是「蘇斯博士」,
08:47
he dreamed夢見 up many許多 of his amazing驚人 creations創作
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是在他加州拉荷亞的老家
08:49
in a lonely孤獨 bell tower office辦公室 that he had
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一個寂寞鐘塔裡的書房,
08:51
in the back of his house in La Jolla拉霍亞, California加州.
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創造出許多舉世聞名的童話書。
08:54
And he was actually其實 afraid害怕 to meet遇到
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而他其實非常害怕
08:56
the young年輕 children孩子 who read his books圖書
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跟他的小讀者們見面,
08:58
for fear恐懼 that they were expecting期待 him
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因為他怕小朋友們
09:00
this kind of jolly歡樂 Santa聖誕老人 Claus-like克勞斯樣 figure數字
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看到他會期待落空,
09:02
and would be disappointed失望 with his more reserved保留的 persona人物.
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因為他不像聖誕老人那樣親和有趣。
09:06
Steve史蒂夫 Wozniak沃茲尼亞克 invented發明 the first Apple蘋果 computer電腦
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Steve Wozniak在惠普公司
09:08
sitting坐在 alone單獨 in his cubical立方體
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的一個小辦公室裡
09:10
in Hewlett-Packard惠普 where he was working加工 at the time.
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發明了世上第一台蘋果電腦。
09:12
And he says that he never would have become成為 such這樣 an expert專家 in the first place地點
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他說他以前年輕時,如果不是
09:15
had he not been too introverted內斂 to leave離開 the house
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因為太過內向而都宅在家裡,
09:18
when he was growing生長 up.
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他不可能可以成為了不起的工程師。
09:20
Now of course課程,
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當然,
09:23
this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating合作 --
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這絕非告訴大家我們從此不要再合作了--
09:26
and case案件 in point, is Steve史蒂夫 Wozniak沃茲尼亞克 famously著名 coming未來 together一起 with Steve史蒂夫 Jobs工作
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好比 Steve Wozniak和賈伯斯
09:29
to start開始 Apple蘋果 Computer電腦 --
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兩人同心協力才能創辦蘋果公司--
09:32
but it does mean that solitude孤獨 matters事項
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但,獨立自主是非常重要的。
09:35
and that for some people
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對一些人來說,
09:37
it is the air空氣 that they breathe呼吸.
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這就是他們生活的方式。
09:39
And in fact事實, we have known已知 for centuries百年
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事實上,幾世紀以來,
09:42
about the transcendent超然 power功率 of solitude孤獨.
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我們都知道獨處所帶來的推動力,
09:45
It's only recently最近 that we've我們已經 strangely奇怪 begun開始 to forget忘記 it.
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但直到近期我們不知怎麼遺忘了。
09:48
If you look at most of the world's世界 major重大的 religions宗教,
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世界上那些偉大的宗教領袖,
09:51
you will find seekers求職者 --
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你會發現這些人--
09:53
Moses摩西, Jesus耶穌, Buddha, Muhammad穆罕默德 --
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摩西,耶稣,佛祖,穆罕默德 --
09:56
seekers求職者 who are going off by themselves他們自己
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他們都遠離塵囂,
09:58
alone單獨 to the wilderness荒野
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獨自走進曠野。
10:00
where they then have profound深刻 epiphanies頓悟 and revelations啟示
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他們而後尋得啟示與頓悟,
10:02
that they then bring帶來 back to the rest休息 of the community社區.
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再把所得貢獻回他們的社會。
10:05
So no wilderness荒野, no revelations啟示.
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所以,沒有獨處的荒野,就不會有啟示錄。
10:09
This is no surprise though雖然
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這其實不是什麼新鮮事,
10:11
if you look at the insights見解 of contemporary現代的 psychology心理學.
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仔細的看看你周遭的人們,
10:14
It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people
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我們如果不模仿彼此的言行舉止,
10:17
without instinctively本能 mirroring鏡像, mimicking模仿 their opinions意見.
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我們根本不會變成一個群體。
10:20
Even about seemingly似乎 personal個人 and visceral內臟 things
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我們甚至連價值觀,
10:22
like who you're attracted吸引 to,
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都被大環境牽著走,
10:24
you will start開始 apingAPING the beliefs信仰 of the people around you
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你甚至會在不知不覺中,
10:27
without even realizing實現 that that's what you're doing.
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開始模仿周遭人們的信仰。
10:29
And groups famously著名 follow跟隨 the opinions意見
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我們尤其容易,在小圈圈裡
10:32
of the most dominant優勢 or charismatic魅力 person in the room房間,
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追隨能言善道的角色。
10:34
even though雖然 there's zero correlation相關
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即使,最會說話的人
10:36
between之間 being存在 the best最好 talker健談 and having the best最好 ideas思路 --
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並不見得是最有想法的人。
10:39
I mean zero.
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根本就不會是。
10:41
So ...
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所以說...
10:43
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
10:45
You might威力 be following以下 the person with the best最好 ideas思路,
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你可能正在支持最有想法的人,
10:48
but you might威力 not.
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也可能不是。
10:50
And do you really want to leave離開 it up to chance機會?
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難道你真的不想有雪亮的雙眼?
10:53
Much better for everybody每個人 to go off by themselves他們自己,
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我們何不用自己的雙腳走入孤獨,
10:55
generate生成 their own擁有 ideas思路
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領會屬於自己的思想,
10:57
freed釋放 from the distortions扭曲 of group dynamics動力學,
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不被群眾思想控制,
10:59
and then come together一起 as a team球隊
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然後再互相合作,
11:01
to talk them through通過 in a well-managed管理得很好 environment環境
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在一個健全的環境討論交流,
11:04
and take it from there.
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共同創造成果。
11:06
Now if all this is true真正,
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如果這一切都是真的,
11:08
then why are we getting得到 it so wrong錯誤?
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我們為何錯的一蹋糊塗?
11:11
Why are we setting設置 up our schools學校 this way and our workplaces工作場所?
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我們為何把學校跟職場架設成這樣?
11:13
And why are we making製造 these introverts內向的人 feel so guilty有罪
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我們為何要讓這些內向者
11:15
about wanting希望 to just go off by themselves他們自己 some of the time?
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因為想有獨立自處的時間而感到無所適從?
11:19
One answer回答 lies deep in our cultural文化 history歷史.
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有個答案深植在我們的社會文化裡,
11:22
Western西 societies社會,
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我們西方社會,
11:24
and in particular特定 the U.S.,
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特別是在美國,
11:26
have always favored青睞 the man of action行動
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總是讚揚有行動力的人,
11:28
over the man of contemplation沉思
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而非有沉思能力的人。
11:30
and "man" of contemplation沉思.
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有沉思能力的"男人"。
11:34
But in America's美國 early days,
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但在美國早期,
11:37
we lived生活 in what historians歷史學家 call a culture文化 of character字符,
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歷史學家稱之文化性格時期,
11:40
where we still, at that point, valued價值 people
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那時人們仍尊重
11:42
for their inner selves自我 and their moral道德 rectitude正直.
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公正清廉,有內在涵養的人。
11:45
And if you look at the self-help自救 books圖書 from this era時代,
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綜觀那時的勵志書籍,
11:47
they all had titles標題 with things like
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幾乎都會有像是
11:49
"Character字符, the Grandest宏偉的 Thing in the World世界."
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"品格是世上最珍貴的東西。"等頭銜。
11:52
And they featured精選 role角色 models楷模 like Abraham亞伯拉罕 Lincoln林肯
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例如亞伯拉罕 林肯被群眾頌揚,
11:55
who was praised稱讚 for being存在 modest謙虛 and unassuming謙遜.
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因其謙遜與不裝腔作勢的性格。
11:57
Ralph拉爾夫 Waldo沃爾多 Emerson艾默生 called him
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美國思想家愛默生稱其
11:59
"A man who does not offend得罪 by superiority優勢."
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"不被優越感駕馭的男人"。
12:02
But then we hit擊中 the 20th century世紀
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然而隨著二十世紀到來,
12:05
and we entered進入 a new culture文化
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我們進入了一個新的紀元,
12:07
that historians歷史學家 call the culture文化 of personality個性.
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歷史上稱之為文化人格時期。
12:09
What happened發生 is we had evolved進化 an agricultural農業的 economy經濟
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我們從農村經濟
12:11
to a world世界 of big business商業.
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演變為大型貿易體制,
12:13
And so suddenly突然 people are moving移動
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突然間人們從小鄉鎮
12:15
from small towns城市 to the cities城市.
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湧入大城市。
12:17
And instead代替 of working加工 alongside並肩 people they've他們已經 known已知 all their lives生活,
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所以人們不再只是跟一起長大的人共事,
12:20
now they are having to prove證明 themselves他們自己
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而必須在強者四伏的環境
12:22
in a crowd人群 of strangers陌生人.
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積極的證明自己的能力。
12:24
So, quite相當 understandably可以理解的,
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因此,不難理解,
12:26
qualities氣質 like magnetism磁性 and charisma魅力
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具有吸引力的個人魅力
12:28
suddenly突然 come to seem似乎 really important重要.
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變得格外的重要。
12:30
And sure enough足夠, the self-help自救 books圖書 change更改 to meet遇到 these new needs需求
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自然地,勵志書籍也改變路線了,
12:33
and they start開始 to have names
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開始出現書名像是
12:35
like "How to Win贏得 Friends and Influence影響 People."
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"如何贏得朋友和影響他人" 等。
12:37
And they feature特徵 as their role角色 models楷模
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成功的推銷員,
12:39
really great salesmen推銷員.
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變成人們楷模的對向。
12:42
So that's the world世界 we're living活的 in today今天.
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這就是我們所生活的今天,
12:44
That's our cultural文化 inheritance遺產.
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我們的文化傳承於此。
12:48
Now none沒有 of this is to say
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我所說的完全不是指
12:50
that social社會 skills技能 are unimportant不重要,
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社交技能不重要,
12:53
and I'm also not calling調用
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我也不是在說
12:55
for the abolishing取消 of teamwork團隊合作 at all.
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團隊精神沒有存在價值。
12:58
The same相同 religions宗教 who send發送 their sages先賢 off to lonely孤獨 mountain tops上衣
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相同的宗教聖賢們
13:01
also teach us love and trust相信.
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今日仍舊教導我們愛與信。
13:04
And the problems問題 that we are facing面對 today今天
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而我們現今所面臨的問題,
13:06
in fields領域 like science科學 and in economics經濟學
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如科學突破與經濟發展,
13:08
are so vast廣大 and so complex複雜
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變得如此廣闊複雜,
13:10
that we are going to need armies軍隊 of people coming未來 together一起
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我們當然需要集思廣益,
13:12
to solve解決 them working加工 together一起.
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共同解決眼前的難關。
13:14
But I am saying that the more freedom自由 that we give introverts內向的人 to be themselves他們自己,
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但,如果我們能提供內向者多一些個人空間,
13:17
the more likely容易 that they are
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他們便有機會
13:19
to come up with their own擁有 unique獨特 solutions解決方案 to these problems問題.
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創造出獨具慧眼的答案。
13:24
So now I'd like to share分享 with you
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所以我想分享給各位的是,
13:26
what's in my suitcase手提箱 today今天.
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我行李箱中的東西。
13:33
Guess猜測 what?
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猜猜裡面是什麼?
13:35
Books圖書.
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書。
13:37
I have a suitcase手提箱 full充分 of books圖書.
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滿滿一袋的書。
13:39
Here's這裡的 Margaret瑪格麗特 Atwood阿特伍德, "Cat's Eye."
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這是馬格莉特著的<貓之眼>;
13:41
Here's這裡的 a novel小說 by Milan米蘭 Kundera昆德拉.
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米蘭 昆德拉的小說;
13:44
And here's這裡的 "The Guide指南 for the Perplexed困惑"
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這是<迷途中的指南>
13:46
by Maimonides邁蒙尼德.
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由麥蒙尼德所著。
13:49
But these are not exactly究竟 my books圖書.
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但其實這些書不屬於我,
13:52
I brought these books圖書 with me
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我會帶這些書來,
13:54
because they were written書面 by my grandfather's爺爺的 favorite喜愛 authors作者.
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是因為這些是我祖父最喜歡的作者的作品。
13:58
My grandfather祖父 was a rabbi拉比
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我祖父是猶太教教士,
14:00
and he was a widower鰥夫
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祖母過世後他獨自
14:02
who lived生活 alone單獨 in a small apartment公寓 in Brooklyn布魯克林
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住在布魯克林的一間小公寓裡。
14:05
that was my favorite喜愛 place地點 in the world世界 when I was growing生長 up,
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那是我小時候最喜歡的地方,
14:08
partly部分地 because it was filled填充 with his very gentle溫和, very courtly溫文儒雅 presence存在
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部分原因是那裏充滿祖父溫柔的氛圍,
14:11
and partly部分地 because it was filled填充 with books圖書.
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部分原因是那裏佈滿了書。
14:14
I mean literally按照字面 every一切 table, every一切 chair椅子 in this apartment公寓
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那裏的每張桌子,甚至椅子,
14:17
had yielded產生 its original原版的 function功能
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都被成推成塔的書
14:19
to now serve服務 as a surface表面 for swaying搖曳 stacks of books圖書.
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給排排占滿了。
14:22
Just like the rest休息 of my family家庭,
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就如同我家庭的其他成員,
14:24
my grandfather's爺爺的 favorite喜愛 thing to do in the whole整個 world世界 was to read.
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我祖父的嗜好就是閱讀。
14:27
But he also loved喜愛 his congregation集合,
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但他也很享受宗教集會,
14:30
and you could feel this love in the sermons布道 that he gave
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62年來,他每周都會在
14:33
every一切 week for the 62 years年份 that he was a rabbi拉比.
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猶太教佈道會上講道。
14:37
He would takes the fruits水果 of each week's本週 reading
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他會把他從書中吸收到的智慧,
14:40
and he would weave編織 these intricate錯綜複雜 tapestries掛毯 of ancient and humanist以人為本 thought.
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頌揚遠古流傳的人道主義思維。
14:43
And people would come from all over
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他的聽眾來自各個領域,
14:45
to hear him speak說話.
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認真聆聽他的傳講。
14:47
But here's這裡的 the thing about my grandfather祖父.
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我祖父有個特點,
14:50
Underneath this ceremonial儀式 role角色,
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在他宗教領導角色背後,
14:52
he was really modest謙虛 and really introverted內斂 --
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他是個非常謙遜與內向的人--
14:55
so much so that when he delivered交付 these sermons布道,
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他甚至緊張到不敢在佈道時
14:58
he had trouble麻煩 making製造 eye contact聯繫
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跟聽眾眼神交會。
15:00
with the very same相同 congregation集合
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即使他都已經在同一個佈道會
15:02
that he had been speaking請講 to for 62 years年份.
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傳講了62年了。
15:04
And even away from the podium講台,
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甚至,當他走下講台,
15:06
when you called him to say hello你好,
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人們向著他打招呼時,
15:08
he would often經常 end結束 the conversation會話 prematurely過早
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他會草草的結束話題,
15:10
for fear恐懼 that he was taking服用 up too much of your time.
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因為擔心會占用別人太多的時間。
15:14
But when he died死亡 at the age年齡 of 94,
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當他在94歲那年過世時,
15:17
the police警察 had to close down the streets街道 of his neighborhood鄰里
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交警不得不關閉許多鄰近街道,
15:20
to accommodate容納 the crowd人群 of people
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來容納蜂擁而至
15:22
who came來了 out to mourn him.
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前來哀悼他的群眾。
15:26
And so these days I try to learn學習 from my grandfather's爺爺的 example
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所以,這些日子我試圖用我的方式
15:29
in my own擁有 way.
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來效仿我的祖父。
15:31
So I just published發表 a book about introversion內向,
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我剛完成了一本關於內向性的書,
15:34
and it took me about seven years年份 to write.
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這本書花了我七年的時間。
15:36
And for me, that seven years年份 was like total bliss,
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這七年,對我而言是極大的恩典,
15:39
because I was reading, I was writing寫作,
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因為我得以閱讀,寫作,
15:42
I was thinking思維, I was researching研究.
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思考,研究。
15:44
It was my version
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相較於祖父的閱讀與佈道,
15:46
of my grandfather's爺爺的 hours小時 of the day alone單獨 in his library圖書館.
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這是我的版本,我的表達方式。
15:49
But now all of a sudden突然 my job工作 is very different不同,
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但現在我的工作變得非常棘手,
15:52
and my job工作 is to be out here talking about it,
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我必須要在公開場合,在講台上,
15:55
talking about introversion內向.
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跟你們談論何謂內向。
15:58
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
16:02
And that's a lot harder更難 for me,
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這不是我拿手的事情,
16:04
because as honored榮幸 as I am
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但能站在這裡向你們說話,
16:06
to be here with all of you right now,
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能對在坐的各為傳達我的想法,
16:08
this is not my natural自然 milieu環境.
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是何等榮耀的事情,
16:11
So I prepared準備 for moments瞬間 like these
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所以我盡我所能,
16:13
as best最好 I could.
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為了這一天做好準備。
16:15
I spent花費 the last year practicing public上市 speaking請講
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我花了一整年的時間,
16:17
every一切 chance機會 I could get.
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積極練習公開演講。
16:19
And I call this my "year of speaking請講 dangerously危險."
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我稱這段時間為 "驚險的演講之年"。
16:22
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
16:24
And that actually其實 helped幫助 a lot.
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這其實對我幫助很大。
16:26
But I'll tell you, what helps幫助 even more
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但讓我獲益最多的,
16:28
is my sense, my belief信仰, my hope希望
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是我的意識,我的信念,我的希望。
16:31
that when it comes to our attitudes態度
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我們對內向、
16:33
to introversion內向 and to quiet安靜 and to solitude孤獨,
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沉默、與獨立者的態度,
16:35
we truly are poised準備 on the brink邊緣 on dramatic戲劇性 change更改.
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是可以被徹徹底底
16:37
I mean, we are.
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改變的。
16:39
And so I am going to leave離開 you now
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所以,我要呼籲在座各位
16:41
with three calls電話 for action行動
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如果你跟我有共鳴,
16:43
for those who share分享 this vision視力.
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請幫我傳達三個宗旨:
16:45
Number one:
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第一點,
16:47
Stop the madness瘋狂 for constant不變 group work.
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不要再瘋狂的過群體生活。
16:49
Just stop it.
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趕緊停止吧。
16:51
(Laughter笑聲)
403
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(笑聲)
16:54
Thank you.
404
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謝謝。
16:56
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
16:58
And I want to be clear明確 about what I'm saying,
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我想要再次重申,
17:00
because I deeply believe our offices辦事處
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因為我深深相信,
17:02
should be encouraging鼓舞人心的
408
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我們的工作環境應該鼓勵
17:04
casual隨便, chatty健談的 cafe-style咖啡廳風格 types類型 of interactions互動 --
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輕鬆、休閒的聊天方式--
17:06
you know, the kind where people come together一起
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像在喝下午茶一樣自在,
17:08
and serendipitously無心插柳 have an exchange交換 of ideas思路.
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然後不經意地交換意見。
17:10
That is great.
412
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那該有多美好,
17:12
It's great for introverts內向的人 and it's great for extroverts外向的人.
413
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無論是對內向或是外向者。
17:14
But we need much more privacy隱私 and much more freedom自由
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而且我們在工作上,需要
17:16
and much more autonomy自治 at work.
415
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有更多的隱私,自由與自主權。
17:18
School學校, same相同 thing.
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在學校也是一樣。
17:20
We need to be teaching教學 kids孩子 to work together一起, for sure,
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我們要教孩子們攜手合作,
17:23
but we also need to be teaching教學 them how to work on their own擁有.
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但我們也要教他們如何自主作業。
17:25
This is especially特別 important重要 for extroverted外放 children孩子 too.
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這對外向的兒童尤其重要。
17:28
They need to work on their own擁有
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他們需要學習自主獨立,
17:30
because that is where deep thought comes from in part部分.
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因為有深度的見解就是源自於此。
17:32
Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness荒野.
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好了,第二, 去曠野探索吧。
17:35
Be like Buddha, have your own擁有 revelations啟示.
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像佛祖一樣,有自己的啟示。
17:38
I'm not saying
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我不是在說
17:40
that we all have to now go off and build建立 our own擁有 cabins小屋 in the woods樹木
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我們馬上要去蓋個山中小屋隱居起來,
17:43
and never talk to each other again,
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也不是要你們互不往來,
17:46
but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug
427
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但是呼籲大家可以除去障礙,
17:48
and get inside our own擁有 heads
428
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專心的進入自己的腦海裡,
17:50
a little more often經常.
429
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在更深切一點。
17:54
Number three:
430
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第三點,
17:57
Take a good look at what's inside your own擁有 suitcase手提箱
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好好的檢視一下你的行李箱,
17:59
and why you put it there.
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裡面有什麼,為何你要把它們放進去。
18:01
So extroverts外向的人,
433
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外向的人們,
18:03
maybe your suitcases手提箱 are also full充分 of books圖書.
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也許你行李箱也裝滿了書。
18:05
Or maybe they're full充分 of champagne香檳酒 glasses眼鏡
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又或許塞滿了香檳杯
18:07
or skydiving跳傘 equipment設備.
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或高空跳傘設備。
18:10
Whatever隨你 it is, I hope希望 you take these things out every一切 chance機會 you get
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不管是什麼,我希望你不時將它拿出來,
18:14
and grace恩典 us with your energy能源 and your joy喜悅.
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與我們共同分享你的快樂與能量。
18:17
But introverts內向的人, you being存在 you,
439
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而內向的人們,當你自己就好,
18:20
you probably大概 have the impulse衝動 to guard守衛 very carefully小心
440
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你或許會害怕去跟別人分享
18:22
what's inside your own擁有 suitcase手提箱.
441
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你行李箱中的東西,
18:24
And that's okay.
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那也沒關係的。
18:26
But occasionally偶爾, just occasionally偶爾,
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但偶爾,只是偶爾,
18:28
I hope希望 you will open打開 up your suitcases手提箱 for other people to see,
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我希望你會打開你的行李箱給他人瞧,
18:31
because the world世界 needs需求 you and it needs需求 the things you carry攜帶.
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因為世界需要你,需要你所持有的特質。
18:36
So I wish希望 you the best最好 of all possible可能 journeys旅程
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我祝福你們,能有最精彩的旅程,
18:38
and the courage勇氣 to speak說話 softly輕輕的.
447
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和輕聲細語說話的勇氣。
18:41
Thank you very much.
448
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謝謝。
18:43
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
18:47
Thank you. Thank you.
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謝謝。謝謝。
18:50
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Yuning912
Reviewed by Yuguo Zhang

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Cain - Quiet revolutionary
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone.

Why you should listen

Susan Cain is a former corporate lawyer and negotiations consultant -- and a self-described introvert. At least one-third of the people we know are introverts, notes Cain in her book QUIET: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking. Although our culture undervalues them dramatically, introverts have made some of the great contributions to society -- from Chopin's nocturnes to the invention of the personal computer to Ghandi's transformative leadership. Cain argues that we design our schools, workplaces and religious institutions for extroverts, and that this bias creates a waste of talent, energy and happiness. Based on intensive research in psychology and neurobiology and on prolific interviews, she also explains why introverts are capable of great love and great achievement, not in spite of their temperament -- but because of them.

In 2015 Susan Cain announced the launch of her mission-based organization Quiet Revolution that aims to change the lives of introverts by empowering them with the information, tools and resources they need to survive and thrive.

In the workplace, companies are not fully harnessing the talents of their introverted employees and leadership teams are often imbalanced with many more extroverts than introverts. The Quiet Leadership Institute has worked with companies from LinkedIn to GE to Procter and Gamble to help them achieve their potential by providing learning experiences that unlock the power of introverts.

At the heart and center of the Quiet Revolution is empowering the next generation of children to know their own strengths and be freed from the sense of inadequacy that has shadowed the children of previous generations. Susan's second book, Quiet Power, is written for teens and young adults but also serves as a tool for teachers and parents. In addition, Susan has created a portal and a online learning experience for the parents of quiet children and has also established the Quiet Schools Network. Susan's podcast, Quiet: The Power of Introverts debuted in February 2016 as a 10-part series designed to give parents and teachers the tools they need to empower quiet kids.

Susan and the Quiet Revolution have received numerous accolades and press including Fortune magazine, The New York Times, NPRand many more.

More profile about the speaker
Susan Cain | Speaker | TED.com