TED2012
Susan Cain: The power of introverts
Susan Cain: O poder dos introvertidos
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Nunha cultura onde ser sociable e extravertido se valora sobre todo o demais, pode ser difícil, mesmo vergonzoso, ser introvertido. Pero, como argumenta Susan Cain nesta apaixonada charla, as persoas introvertidas achéganlle ao mundo extraordinarios talentos e habilidades, e deberían ser estimuladas e celebradas.
Susan Cain - Quiet revolutionary
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone. Full bio
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
When I was nine years old
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Cando tiña nove anos,
00:17
I went off to summer camp for the first time.
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fun por primeira vez
a un campamento de verán.
a un campamento de verán.
00:19
And my mother packed me a suitcase
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E a miña nai preparoume
unha maleta chea de libros,
unha maleta chea de libros,
00:21
full of books,
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00:23
which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do.
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o que me pareceu o máis natural do mundo,
00:25
Because in my family,
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porque na miña familia,
00:27
reading was the primary group activity.
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ler era a principal actividade en grupo.
00:30
And this might sound antisocial to you,
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E isto pódelles soar antisocial,
00:32
but for us it was really just a different way of being social.
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pero para nós era só
unha forma distinta de socializar.
unha forma distinta de socializar.
00:35
You have the animal warmth of your family
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Tes a calor animal da túa familia
sentada a carón,
sentada a carón,
00:37
sitting right next to you,
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00:39
but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland
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pero tamén es libre de vagar
polo mundo das aventuras
polo mundo das aventuras
00:41
inside your own mind.
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dentro da propia mente.
00:43
And I had this idea
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E eu tiña esta idea
00:45
that camp was going to be just like this, but better.
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de que aquel campamento ía ser
algo así, pero mellor.
algo así, pero mellor.
00:47
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
00:50
I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin
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Imaxinaba a 10 rapazas
sentadas nunha cabana
sentadas nunha cabana
00:53
cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.
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lendo libros comodamente
e con camisóns idénticos.
e con camisóns idénticos.
00:55
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
00:57
Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol.
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O campamento foi máis
como unha festa sen alcohol
como unha festa sen alcohol
01:00
And on the very first day
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E o primeiro día
01:03
our counselor gathered us all together
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a nosa monitora reuniunos a todas
01:05
and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing
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e ensinounos un grito de guerra
que dixo que iamos berrar
que dixo que iamos berrar
01:07
every day for the rest of the summer
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tódolos días do resto do verán
01:09
to instill camp spirit.
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para que nos infundise
espírito de campamento.
espírito de campamento.
01:11
And it went like this:
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Era algo así:
01:13
"R-O-W-D-I-E,
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"R-U-D-O-S-A-S,
01:15
that's the way we spell rowdie.
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así é como soletreamos rudosas.
01:17
Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie."
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Rudosas, sexamos rudosas."
01:22
Yeah.
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Si!
01:24
So I couldn't figure out for the life of me
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Non conseguía entender
por máis que tentaba
por máis que tentaba
01:26
why we were supposed to be so rowdy,
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por que tiñamos que ser tan ruidosas
01:28
or why we had to spell this word incorrectly.
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ou por que había que soletrear a palabra
incorrectamente.
incorrectamente.
01:31
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
01:37
But I recited a cheer. I recited a cheer along with everybody else.
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Pero recitei o cántico, recitei o cántico
coas demais.
coas demais.
01:40
I did my best.
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Fíxeno o mellor que puiden.
01:42
And I just waited for the time
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E só esperaba o momento de desaparecer
para ir ler os meus libros.
para ir ler os meus libros.
01:44
that I could go off and read my books.
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01:47
But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase,
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Pero a primeira vez que saquei
un libro da maleta,
un libro da maleta,
01:49
the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me
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a rapaza máis popular do cuarto
veu onda min
veu onda min
01:51
and she asked me, "Why are you being so mellow?" --
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e preguntoume: "Por que
es tan sosegada?"...
es tan sosegada?"...
01:54
mellow, of course, being the exact opposite
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sosegada, claro,
era todo o contrario
era todo o contrario
01:56
of R-O-W-D-I-E.
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de R-U-D-O-S-A.
01:58
And then the second time I tried it,
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A segunda vez que o intentei,
02:00
the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face
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a monitora achegóuseme
con cara de preocupación
con cara de preocupación
02:03
and she repeated the point about camp spirit
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e repetiu o obxectivo
do espírito do campamento
do espírito do campamento
02:05
and said we should all work very hard
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e dixo que todas deberiamos traballar duro
para ser extravertidas.
para ser extravertidas.
02:07
to be outgoing.
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02:09
And so I put my books away,
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Entón gardei os meus libros
de volta na maleta,
de volta na maleta,
02:12
back in their suitcase,
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02:15
and I put them under my bed,
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e púxenos debaixo da cama
02:19
and there they stayed for the rest of the summer.
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e aí quedaron o resto do verán.
02:21
And I felt kind of guilty about this.
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Sentinme un pouco culpable por facelo.
02:23
I felt as if the books needed me somehow,
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Sentía como se os libros
precisasen de min,
precisasen de min,
02:25
and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them.
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como se me estivesen chamando
e eu os abandonase.
e eu os abandonase.
02:28
But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase again
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Pero abandoneinos
e non abrín máis aquela maleta
e non abrín máis aquela maleta
02:30
until I was back home with my family
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ata estar de volta na casa
coa miña familia ao final do verán.
coa miña familia ao final do verán.
02:32
at the end of the summer.
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02:34
Now, I tell you this story about summer camp.
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Cóntolles esta historia
do campamento de verán.
do campamento de verán.
02:37
I could have told you 50 others just like it --
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Podería contarlles
outras 50 parecidas...
outras 50 parecidas...
02:40
all the times that I got the message
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sobre todas a veces que recibín
a mensaxe
a mensaxe
02:42
that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being
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de que, dalgún xeito,
o meu carácter calmado e introvertido
o meu carácter calmado e introvertido
02:46
was not necessarily the right way to go,
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non era necesariamente
a forma correcta de actuar,
a forma correcta de actuar,
02:48
that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert.
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que debería tentar ser máis extravertida.
02:51
And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong
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E sempre sentín no meu interior
que iso era un erro
que iso era un erro
02:54
and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were.
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e que os introvertidos eran
excepcionais tal como eran.
excepcionais tal como eran.
02:56
But for years I denied this intuition,
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Pero durante anos rexeitei esta intuición,
02:59
and so I became a Wall Street lawyer, of all things,
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e así, de entre todas as cousas,
fíxenme avogada de Wall Street
fíxenme avogada de Wall Street
03:02
instead of the writer that I had always longed to be --
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no canto da escritora
que sempre quixera ser...
que sempre quixera ser...
03:05
partly because I needed to prove to myself
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en parte, porque precisaba probarme
que podía ser atrevida e asertiva.
que podía ser atrevida e asertiva.
03:07
that I could be bold and assertive too.
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03:09
And I was always going off to crowded bars
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E ía sempre a bares ateigados
03:11
when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends.
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cando en realidade preferiría
unha cea agradable entre amigos.
unha cea agradable entre amigos.
03:14
And I made these self-negating choices
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E tomei estas decisións de autonegación
tan instintivamente,
tan instintivamente,
03:17
so reflexively,
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03:19
that I wasn't even aware that I was making them.
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que non era consciente de que as tomaba.
03:22
Now this is what many introverts do,
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Isto é o que moitos introvertidos fan,
03:24
and it's our loss for sure,
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e sen dúbida é unha perda para nós,
03:26
but it is also our colleagues' loss
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pero tamén para os nosos amigos
03:28
and our communities' loss.
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e as nosas comunidades.
03:30
And at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world's loss.
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E, aínda que soe arrogante,
é unha perda para o mundo.
é unha perda para o mundo.
03:33
Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership,
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Porque cando se trata
de creatividade e liderado
de creatividade e liderado
03:36
we need introverts doing what they do best.
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precisamos dos introvertidos
facendo o que mellor saben.
facendo o que mellor saben.
03:39
A third to a half of the population are introverts --
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Entre un terzo e a metade da poboación
é introvertida
é introvertida
03:41
a third to a half.
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... entre un terzo e a metade.
03:43
So that's one out of every two or three people you know.
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Iso é unha de cada dúas ou tres persoas
das que coñecemos.
das que coñecemos.
03:46
So even if you're an extrovert yourself,
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Así que mesmo se vostedes
son extravertidos,
son extravertidos,
03:49
I'm talking about your coworkers
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falo dos seus compañeiros de traballo
03:51
and your spouses and your children
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e das súas parellas e dos seus fillos
03:53
and the person sitting next to you right now --
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e da persoa que se senta
ao seu carón agora mesmo...
ao seu carón agora mesmo...
03:56
all of them subject to this bias
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todos eles están suxeitos a este prexuízo
03:58
that is pretty deep and real in our society.
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que é profundo
e está presente na sociedade.
e está presente na sociedade.
04:00
We all internalize it from a very early age
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Todos o interiorizamos desde moi pequenos
04:03
without even having a language for what we're doing.
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sen ter sequera unha lingua
para o que facemos.
para o que facemos.
04:06
Now to see the bias clearly
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Para ver este prexuízo con claridade,
04:08
you need to understand what introversion is.
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cómpre entender o que é a introversión.
04:11
It's different from being shy.
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É diferente a ser tímido.
04:13
Shyness is about fear of social judgment.
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A timidez é o medo ao xuízo social.
04:15
Introversion is more about,
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A introversión ten máis que ver
04:17
how do you respond to stimulation,
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con como se responde á estimulación,
04:19
including social stimulation.
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incluíndo a estimulación social.
04:21
So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation,
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Os extravertidos precisan
grandes cantidades de estimulación
grandes cantidades de estimulación
04:24
whereas introverts feel at their most alive
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mentres que os introvertidos
se senten máis vivos
se senten máis vivos
04:26
and their most switched-on and their most capable
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máis activos e máis capaces
04:28
when they're in quieter, more low-key environments.
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cando están en ambientes
máis tranquilos e relaxados.
máis tranquilos e relaxados.
04:30
Not all the time -- these things aren't absolute --
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Non sempre...
estas cousas non son absolutas...
estas cousas non son absolutas...
04:32
but a lot of the time.
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pero si moitas veces.
04:34
So the key then
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Así que a clave para maximizar
os nosos talentos
os nosos talentos
04:36
to maximizing our talents
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04:39
is for us all to put ourselves
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é colocarnos
04:41
in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.
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na zona de estimulación
máis adecuada para cada un.
máis adecuada para cada un.
04:44
But now here's where the bias comes in.
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Pero aquí é onde entra o prexuízo.
04:46
Our most important institutions,
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As nosas institucións máis importantes,
04:48
our schools and our workplaces,
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as nosas escolas e lugares de traballo,
04:50
they are designed mostly for extroverts
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están deseñados sobre todo
para extravertidos
para extravertidos
04:52
and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation.
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e as súas grandes necesidades
de estimulación.
de estimulación.
04:55
And also we have this belief system right now
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E tamén termos hoxe en día
este sistema de conviccións
este sistema de conviccións
04:59
that I call the new groupthink,
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que eu chamo o novo pensamento de grupo,
05:01
which holds that all creativity and all productivity
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que defende que toda creatividade
e toda produtividade
e toda produtividade
05:04
comes from a very oddly gregarious place.
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veñen dun lugar estrañamente sociable.
05:09
So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays:
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Imaxinen a típica aula escolar actual:
05:11
When I was going to school,
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Cando eu ía á escola, sentabamos en filas.
05:13
we sat in rows.
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05:15
We sat in rows of desks like this,
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Sentabamos en filas de pupitres coma este,
05:17
and we did most of our work pretty autonomously.
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e traballabamos
de forma bastante autónoma.
de forma bastante autónoma.
05:19
But nowadays, your typical classroom
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Pero na actualidade, a típica aula
ten escritorios, agrupados...
ten escritorios, agrupados...
05:21
has pods of desks --
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05:23
four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other.
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catro, cinco, seis ou sete rapaces
uns fronte aos outros.
uns fronte aos outros.
05:26
And kids are working in countless group assignments.
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Os rapaces traballan
en incontables tarefas de grupo.
en incontables tarefas de grupo.
05:28
Even in subjects like math and creative writing,
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Mesmo en materias como matemáticas
e escritura creativa.
e escritura creativa.
05:31
which you think would depend on solo flights of thought,
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que se podería pensar que dependen
de deixar voar os pensamentos a soas,
de deixar voar os pensamentos a soas,
05:34
kids are now expected to act as committee members.
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espérase que os rapaces actúen
como os membros dun comité.
como os membros dun comité.
05:38
And for the kids who prefer
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E aos rapaces que prefiren ir ao seu aire
ou traballar sós,
ou traballar sós,
05:40
to go off by themselves or just to work alone,
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05:42
those kids are seen as outliers often
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adoitan consideralos
como atípicos
como atípicos
05:44
or, worse, as problem cases.
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ou peor, como casos problemáticos.
05:48
And the vast majority of teachers reports believing
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E a gran maioría do profesorado
05:51
that the ideal student is an extrovert
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cren que o estudante ideal
é o extravertido
é o extravertido
05:53
as opposed to an introvert,
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e non o introvertido,
05:55
even though introverts actually get better grades
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aínda que estes teñan mellores notas
05:57
and are more knowledgeable,
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e sexan mais cultos,
05:59
according to research.
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segundo as investigacións.
06:01
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
06:03
Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces.
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O mesmo ocorre nos lugares de traballo.
06:06
Now, most of us work in open plan offices,
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Agora, case todos nós traballamos
en oficinas abertas,
en oficinas abertas,
06:09
without walls,
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sen paredes,
06:11
where we are subject
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onde estamos suxeitos ao ruído
e a mirada constante dos compañeiros.
e a mirada constante dos compañeiros.
06:13
to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers.
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06:15
And when it comes to leadership,
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E cando se trata de liderado,
06:17
introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions,
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normalmente exclúese aos introvertidos
dos postos de liderado,
dos postos de liderado,
06:19
even though introverts tend to be very careful,
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a pesar de que tenden a ser moi prudentes,
06:21
much less likely to take outsize risks --
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moito menos dados a asumir
riscos excesivos...
riscos excesivos...
06:23
which is something we might all favor nowadays.
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algo do que todos
deberiamos ser partidarios.
deberiamos ser partidarios.
06:27
And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School
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Unha investigación interesante
de Adam Grant da Wharton School
de Adam Grant da Wharton School
06:30
has found that introverted leaders
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descubriu que os líderes introvertidos
06:32
often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do,
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a miúdo teñen mellores resultados
ca os extravertidos,
ca os extravertidos,
06:34
because when they are managing proactive employees,
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porque cando dirixen
empregados proactivos,
empregados proactivos,
06:37
they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas,
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son máis propensos a deixar
a eses empregados executar as súas ideas,
a eses empregados executar as súas ideas,
06:40
whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly,
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mentres que alguén extravertido pode,
involuntariamente,
involuntariamente,
06:42
get so excited about things
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emocionarse tanto coas cousas
06:44
that they're putting their own stamp on things,
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como para poñer a súa propia pegada nelas,
06:46
and other people's ideas might not as easily then
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e as ideas dos outros pode que non broten
con tanta facilidade á superficie.
con tanta facilidade á superficie.
06:48
bubble up to the surface.
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06:51
Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.
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De feito, algúns dos líderes que cambiaron
a nosa historia eran introvertidos.
a nosa historia eran introvertidos.
06:54
I'll give you some examples.
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Voulles dar algúns exemplos.
06:56
Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi --
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Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi...
06:59
all these peopled described themselves
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Todas estas persoas se describían
como calmas, de voz suave e ata tímidas.
como calmas, de voz suave e ata tímidas.
07:01
as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy.
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07:04
And they all took the spotlight,
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e todos eles foron o centro de atención,
07:06
even though every bone in their bodies
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mesmo cando cada oso do seu corpo
lles dicía que non o fixesen.
lles dicía que non o fixesen.
07:08
was telling them not to.
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07:11
And this turns out to have a special power all its own,
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E isto parece ter un poder especial
en si mesmo,
en si mesmo,
07:13
because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm,
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porque se podería pensar
que estes líderes estaban ao temón
que estes líderes estaban ao temón
07:16
not because they enjoyed directing others
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non porque lles gustase mandar nos demais
07:18
and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;
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e non polo pracer de que os mirasen;
07:20
they were there because they had no choice,
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estaban alí porque non tiñan elección,
07:22
because they were driven to do what they thought was right.
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porque se viron obrigados a facer
o que pensaban que era correcto.
o que pensaban que era correcto.
07:26
Now I think at this point it's important for me to say
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Neste punto penso
que para min é importante dicir
que para min é importante dicir
07:29
that I actually love extroverts.
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que realmente adoro os extravertidos.
07:32
I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts,
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Sempre digo que algúns
dos meus mellores amigos
dos meus mellores amigos
07:35
including my beloved husband.
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son extravertidos,
incluíndo o meu querido marido.
07:39
And we all fall at different points, of course,
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E todos nos atopamos en distintos puntos
07:41
along the introvert/extrovert spectrum.
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ao longo do espectro
introvertido/extravertido.
introvertido/extravertido.
07:44
Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms, said
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Ata Carl Jung, o primeiro psicólogo
que popularizou estes termos,
que popularizou estes termos,
07:47
that there's no such thing as a pure introvert
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dixo que non existe un introvertido puro
07:49
or a pure extrovert.
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ou un extravertido puro.
07:51
He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum,
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Dixo que unha persoa así
estaría nun manicomio
estaría nun manicomio
07:53
if he existed at all.
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se existise.
07:56
And some people fall smack in the middle
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Algunhas persoas están xusto no medio
do espectro introvertido/extravertido,
do espectro introvertido/extravertido,
07:58
of the introvert/extrovert spectrum,
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08:00
and we call these people ambiverts.
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a estas persoas chamámoslles ambivertidas.
08:02
And I often think that they have the best of all worlds.
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Adoito pensar que teñen
o mellor dos dous mundos.
o mellor dos dous mundos.
08:06
But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.
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Pero moitos de nós
recoñecémonos nun tipo ou noutro.
recoñecémonos nun tipo ou noutro.
08:09
And what I'm saying is that culturally we need a much better balance.
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O que digo é que culturalmente
cómpre un mellor equilibrio.
cómpre un mellor equilibrio.
08:12
We need more of a yin and yang
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Precisamos de máis ying e yang
entre estes dous tipos.
entre estes dous tipos.
08:14
between these two types.
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08:16
This is especially important
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Isto é especialmente importante
08:18
when it comes to creativity and to productivity,
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no referente á creatividade
e á produtividade
e á produtividade
08:20
because when psychologists look
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porque cando os psicólogos observan
a vida da maioría das persoas creativas,
a vida da maioría das persoas creativas,
08:22
at the lives of the most creative people,
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08:24
what they find
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o que atopan
08:26
are people who are very good at exchanging ideas
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é xente que é moi boa
intercambiando ideas
intercambiando ideas
08:28
and advancing ideas,
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e desenvolvendo ideas,
08:30
but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.
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pero que tamén teñen trazos
evidentes de introversión.
evidentes de introversión.
08:33
And this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often
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E isto é así porque a soidade
08:35
to creativity.
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moitas veces é un ingrediente crucial
para a creatividade.
para a creatividade.
08:37
So Darwin,
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Así, Darwin daba longos paseos polo bosque
08:39
he took long walks alone in the woods
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08:41
and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations.
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e declinaba categoricamente
convites para cear.
convites para cear.
08:44
Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss,
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Theodor Geisel,
mais coñecido como Doutor Seuss,
mais coñecido como Doutor Seuss,
08:47
he dreamed up many of his amazing creations
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ideaba moitas das súas incribles creacións
08:49
in a lonely bell tower office that he had
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nunha oficina solitaria nun campanario
08:51
in the back of his house in La Jolla, California.
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na parte de atrás da súa casa
en la Jolla, California.
en la Jolla, California.
08:54
And he was actually afraid to meet
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E en realidade tiña medo de coñecer
os rapaces que lían os seus libros
os rapaces que lían os seus libros
08:56
the young children who read his books
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08:58
for fear that they were expecting him
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por medo a que esperasen que fose
un personaxe alegre como Papá Noel
un personaxe alegre como Papá Noel
09:00
this kind of jolly Santa Claus-like figure
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09:02
and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona.
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e que quedasen decepcionados
coa súa personalidade reservada.
coa súa personalidade reservada.
09:06
Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer
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Steve Wozniak inventou
o primeiro ordenador Apple
o primeiro ordenador Apple
09:08
sitting alone in his cubical
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sentado só no seu cubículo
na Hewlett-Packard
na Hewlett-Packard
09:10
in Hewlett-Packard where he was working at the time.
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onde traballaba daquela.
09:12
And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place
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E di que nunca se convertería nun experto
en primeiro lugar
en primeiro lugar
09:15
had he not been too introverted to leave the house
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se non fose demasiado introvertido
para saír da casa
para saír da casa
09:18
when he was growing up.
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cando era máis novo.
09:20
Now of course,
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Desde logo,
09:23
this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating --
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isto non significa que debamos
deixar de colaborar
deixar de colaborar
09:26
and case in point, is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs
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—un bo exemplo é a famosa asociación
de Steve Wozniack con Steve Jobs
de Steve Wozniack con Steve Jobs
09:29
to start Apple Computer --
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para fundar Apple Computer—
09:32
but it does mean that solitude matters
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pero significa que a soidade importa
09:35
and that for some people
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e que para algunhas persoas
é o aire que respiran.
é o aire que respiran.
09:37
it is the air that they breathe.
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09:39
And in fact, we have known for centuries
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De feito, sabemos dende hai séculos
do poder transcendente da soidade.
do poder transcendente da soidade.
09:42
about the transcendent power of solitude.
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09:45
It's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it.
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Non foi ata hai pouco que, estrañamente,
comezamos a esquecelo.
comezamos a esquecelo.
09:48
If you look at most of the world's major religions,
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Se miramos na maioría
das relixión do mundo,
das relixión do mundo,
09:51
you will find seekers --
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encontramos indagadores
09:53
Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad --
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—Moisés, Xesús, Buda, Mahoma—
09:56
seekers who are going off by themselves
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indagadores que van sós ao deserto,
09:58
alone to the wilderness
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10:00
where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations
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onde teñen entón profundas
epifanías e revelacións
epifanías e revelacións
10:02
that they then bring back to the rest of the community.
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que depois traen
ao resto da comunidade.
ao resto da comunidade.
10:05
So no wilderness, no revelations.
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Así que sen deserto non hai revelacións.
10:09
This is no surprise though
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Isto non é sorpresa,
10:11
if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology.
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se miramos as ideas
da psicoloxía contemporánea.
da psicoloxía contemporánea.
10:14
It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people
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Parece que non podemos nin estar
nun grupo de persoas
nun grupo de persoas
10:17
without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions.
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sen imitar as súas opinións
de forma instintiva.
de forma instintiva.
10:20
Even about seemingly personal and visceral things
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Mesmo en cousas aparentemente
persoais e viscerais
persoais e viscerais
10:22
like who you're attracted to,
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como quen nos atrae,
10:24
you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you
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comezamos a imitar as crenzas
das persoas do noso arredor
das persoas do noso arredor
10:27
without even realizing that that's what you're doing.
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sen darnos nin conta
do que estamos a facer.
do que estamos a facer.
10:29
And groups famously follow the opinions
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E os grupos, como se sabe,
seguen as opinións
seguen as opinións
10:32
of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room,
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da persoa máis dominante ou carismática,
10:34
even though there's zero correlation
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mesmo aínda que non haxa
correlación
correlación
10:36
between being the best talker and having the best ideas --
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entre ser o mellor orador
e ter as mellores ideas.
e ter as mellores ideas.
10:39
I mean zero.
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Quero dicir ningunha.
10:41
So ...
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Así que...
(Risas)
10:43
(Laughter)
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10:45
You might be following the person with the best ideas,
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Poderías estar seguindo a persoa
de mellores ideas,
de mellores ideas,
10:48
but you might not.
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pero se cadra, non.
10:50
And do you really want to leave it up to chance?
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E realmente queres deixalo ao azar?
10:53
Much better for everybody to go off by themselves,
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Sería moito mellor para todos
ir pola súa conta,
ir pola súa conta,
10:55
generate their own ideas
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xerando ideas propias
10:57
freed from the distortions of group dynamics,
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libres das distorsións
das dinámicas de grupo
das dinámicas de grupo
10:59
and then come together as a team
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e despois reunirse como un equipo
11:01
to talk them through in a well-managed environment
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para discutilas detidamente
nun ambiente ben xestionado
nun ambiente ben xestionado
11:04
and take it from there.
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e partir de aí.
11:06
Now if all this is true,
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Agora, se todo isto é certo,
11:08
then why are we getting it so wrong?
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por que o facemos tan mal?
Por que organizamos as escolas
e os locais de traballo así?
e os locais de traballo así?
11:11
Why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces?
268
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11:13
And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty
269
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E por que lles facemos aos introvertidos
sentirse tan culpables
sentirse tan culpables
11:15
about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time?
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por querer ir pola súa conta
nalgún momento?
nalgún momento?
11:19
One answer lies deep in our cultural history.
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Unha das respostas está no máis profundo
da nosa historia cultural.
da nosa historia cultural.
11:22
Western societies,
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As sociedades occidentais,
11:24
and in particular the U.S.,
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en particular os EEUU,
11:26
have always favored the man of action
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sempre favoreceron o home de acción
respecto do home de contemplación.
respecto do home de contemplación.
11:28
over the man of contemplation
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2000
11:30
and "man" of contemplation.
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4000
11:34
But in America's early days,
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Pero nos EEUU dos primeiros tempos,
11:37
we lived in what historians call a culture of character,
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viviamos no que os historiadores
chaman cultura do carácter,
chaman cultura do carácter,
11:40
where we still, at that point, valued people
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2000
cando aínda valorizabamos as persoas
11:42
for their inner selves and their moral rectitude.
280
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polo seu interior e a súa rectitude moral.
11:45
And if you look at the self-help books from this era,
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E se miran os libros de autoaxuda
desa época,
desa época,
11:47
they all had titles with things like
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todos teñen títulos como
11:49
"Character, the Grandest Thing in the World."
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Carácter, a cousa máis grandiosa
do mundo.
do mundo.
11:52
And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln
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E presentaban modelos a seguir
como o de Abraham Lincoln,
como o de Abraham Lincoln,
11:55
who was praised for being modest and unassuming.
285
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2000
eloxiado por ser modesto
e sen pretensións.
e sen pretensións.
11:57
Ralph Waldo Emerson called him
286
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2000
Ralph Waldo Emerson chamoulle
11:59
"A man who does not offend by superiority."
287
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"Un home que non ofende
amosando superioridade."
amosando superioridade."
12:02
But then we hit the 20th century
288
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Mais despois chegamos ao século XX
12:05
and we entered a new culture
289
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e entramos nunha nova cultura
12:07
that historians call the culture of personality.
290
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que os historiadores chaman
cultura da personalidade
cultura da personalidade
12:09
What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy
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O que sucedeu foi que evolucionamos
dunha economía agrícola
dunha economía agrícola
12:11
to a world of big business.
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a un mundo de grandes negocios,
12:13
And so suddenly people are moving
293
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2000
De repente, as persoas trasládanse
das vilas ás cidades.
das vilas ás cidades.
12:15
from small towns to the cities.
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12:17
And instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives,
295
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3000
E en vez de traballar con persoas
que coñecían de toda a vida,
que coñecían de toda a vida,
12:20
now they are having to prove themselves
296
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agora teñen que demostrar o que valen
nun grupo de descoñecidos.
nun grupo de descoñecidos.
12:22
in a crowd of strangers.
297
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12:24
So, quite understandably,
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Entón, é comprensible,
12:26
qualities like magnetism and charisma
299
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calidades como o magnetismo e o carisma
de repente parecen moi importantes.
de repente parecen moi importantes.
12:28
suddenly come to seem really important.
300
733000
2000
12:30
And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs
301
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E os libros de autoaxuda cambian
para satisfacer estas novas necesidades
para satisfacer estas novas necesidades
12:33
and they start to have names
302
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2000
e comezan a ter nomes
12:35
like "How to Win Friends and Influence People."
303
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como Como facer amigos
e influír nas persoas.
e influír nas persoas.
12:37
And they feature as their role models
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2000
E presentan como modelo a seguir
a grandes vendedores.
a grandes vendedores.
12:39
really great salesmen.
305
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3000
12:42
So that's the world we're living in today.
306
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Velaquí o mundo en que vivimos hoxe.
12:44
That's our cultural inheritance.
307
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4000
Esa é a nosa herdanza cultural.
12:48
Now none of this is to say
308
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Isto non implica que as habilidades
sociais non sexan importantes,
sociais non sexan importantes,
12:50
that social skills are unimportant,
309
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12:53
and I'm also not calling
310
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tampouco chamo en absoluto
á abolición do traballo en equipo.
á abolición do traballo en equipo.
12:55
for the abolishing of teamwork at all.
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12:58
The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops
312
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As mesmas relixións
que envían os seus sabios
que envían os seus sabios
ás solitarias cimas das montañas
13:01
also teach us love and trust.
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3000
tamén nos ensinan amor e confianza.
13:04
And the problems that we are facing today
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E os problemas que afrontamos hoxe
13:06
in fields like science and in economics
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en campos como a ciencia e a economía
13:08
are so vast and so complex
316
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son tan vastos e complexos
13:10
that we are going to need armies of people coming together
317
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que imos precisar exércitos de persoas
13:12
to solve them working together.
318
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2000
traballando xuntas para resolvelos.
13:14
But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves,
319
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3000
Pero canta máis liberdade lles deamos
aos introvertidos de ser eles mesmos,
aos introvertidos de ser eles mesmos,
13:17
the more likely that they are
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máis probable será
13:19
to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.
321
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3000
que descubran as súas propias solucións
a estes problemas.
a estes problemas.
13:24
So now I'd like to share with you
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Agora gustaríame compartir con vostedes
o que traio na miña maleta hoxe.
o que traio na miña maleta hoxe.
13:26
what's in my suitcase today.
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13:33
Guess what?
324
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Adiviñan o que?
13:35
Books.
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2000
Libros.
13:37
I have a suitcase full of books.
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Teño unha maleta chea de libros.
13:39
Here's Margaret Atwood, "Cat's Eye."
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Aquí está Ollo de gato
de Margaret Atwood,
de Margaret Atwood,
13:41
Here's a novel by Milan Kundera.
328
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3000
Aquí unha novela de Milan Kundera.
13:44
And here's "The Guide for the Perplexed"
329
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2000
E aquí a Guía de perplexos
de Maimónides.
de Maimónides.
13:46
by Maimonides.
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3000
13:49
But these are not exactly my books.
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3000
Pero estes non son exactamente
os meus libros.
os meus libros.
13:52
I brought these books with me
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2000
Trouxen estes libros comigo
13:54
because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.
333
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4000
porque os escribiron
os autores favoritos de meu avó.
os autores favoritos de meu avó.
13:58
My grandfather was a rabbi
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2000
Meu avó era rabino
14:00
and he was a widower
335
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2000
e era viúvo
14:02
who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn
336
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3000
e vivía só nun pequeno apartamento
en Brooklyn
en Brooklyn
14:05
that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up,
337
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3000
que era o meu lugar favorito do mundo
cando era pequena,
cando era pequena,
14:08
partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence
338
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3000
en parte porque estaba cheo
da súa presencia xentil e cortés
da súa presencia xentil e cortés
14:11
and partly because it was filled with books.
339
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3000
e en parte porque estaba cheo de libros.
14:14
I mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment
340
839000
3000
Literalmente cada mesa,
cada cadeira deste apartamento
cada cadeira deste apartamento
14:17
had yielded its original function
341
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2000
cedera a súa función orixinal
14:19
to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books.
342
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3000
e agora servía como apoio
para oscilantes rimas de libros.
para oscilantes rimas de libros.
14:22
Just like the rest of my family,
343
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2000
Coma ao resto da miña familia,
14:24
my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.
344
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3000
a actividade favorita do meu avó
no mundo enteiro era ler.
no mundo enteiro era ler.
14:27
But he also loved his congregation,
345
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Pero el tamén amaba a súa congregación,
14:30
and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave
346
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e ese amor podíase sentir
nos sermóns que daba cada semana
nos sermóns que daba cada semana
14:33
every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi.
347
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4000
durante os 62 anos que foi rabino.
14:37
He would takes the fruits of each week's reading
348
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Tomaba os froitos
da lectura de cada semana e tecía
da lectura de cada semana e tecía
14:40
and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought.
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estes intricados tapices
de pensamento antigo e humanista.
de pensamento antigo e humanista.
14:43
And people would come from all over
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E a xente viña de todas partes
para oílo falar.
para oílo falar.
14:45
to hear him speak.
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14:47
But here's the thing about my grandfather.
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Pero velaí o especial do meu avó.
14:50
Underneath this ceremonial role,
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Tras deste papel cerimonial,
14:52
he was really modest and really introverted --
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era moi modesto e moi introvertido...
14:55
so much so that when he delivered these sermons,
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tanto que cando daba estes sermóns,
14:58
he had trouble making eye contact
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tiña problemas para establecer contacto visual
15:00
with the very same congregation
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coa propia congregación
á que lle levaba falando 62 anos.
á que lle levaba falando 62 anos.
15:02
that he had been speaking to for 62 years.
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15:04
And even away from the podium,
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E mesmo lonxe do podio,
15:06
when you called him to say hello,
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cando o chamaban para saudalo,
15:08
he would often end the conversation prematurely
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con frecuencia
acababa a conversa prematuramente
acababa a conversa prematuramente
15:10
for fear that he was taking up too much of your time.
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por medo a estarche roubando tempo.
15:14
But when he died at the age of 94,
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Pero cando morreu con 94 anos,
15:17
the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood
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a policía tivo que pechar
as rúas da súa veciñanza
as rúas da súa veciñanza
15:20
to accommodate the crowd of people
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para acomodar a multitude de persoas
que viñeron chorar por el.
que viñeron chorar por el.
15:22
who came out to mourn him.
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15:26
And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather's example
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E así estes días intento aprender
do exemplo de meu avó
do exemplo de meu avó
15:29
in my own way.
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á miña maneira.
15:31
So I just published a book about introversion,
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Así que acabo de publicar un libro
sobre a introversión,
sobre a introversión,
15:34
and it took me about seven years to write.
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e levoume 7 anos escribilo.
15:36
And for me, that seven years was like total bliss,
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E para min, eses 7 anos foron
como una bendición total,
como una bendición total,
15:39
because I was reading, I was writing,
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porque estiven lendo, estiven escribindo.
15:42
I was thinking, I was researching.
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Estiven pensando, estiven investigando.
15:44
It was my version
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Foi a miña versión
15:46
of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library.
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das horas que pasou meu avó
el só na súa biblioteca.
el só na súa biblioteca.
15:49
But now all of a sudden my job is very different,
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Pero agora, de repente,
o meu traballo é moi distinto,
o meu traballo é moi distinto,
15:52
and my job is to be out here talking about it,
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e consiste en estar aquí falando diso,
15:55
talking about introversion.
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falando sobre introversión.
15:58
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
16:02
And that's a lot harder for me,
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E iso éme moito máis difícil,
16:04
because as honored as I am
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pois, por máis honrada que me sinta
de estar aquí e agora con todos vostedes,
de estar aquí e agora con todos vostedes,
16:06
to be here with all of you right now,
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16:08
this is not my natural milieu.
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este non é o meu medio natural.
16:11
So I prepared for moments like these
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Entón eu prepareime para momentos
coma este o mellor que puiden.
coma este o mellor que puiden.
16:13
as best I could.
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16:15
I spent the last year practicing public speaking
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Pasei o último ano
practicando para falar en público
practicando para falar en público
16:17
every chance I could get.
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cada vez que podía.
16:19
And I call this my "year of speaking dangerously."
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E chameille a isto o meu "ano
de falar perigosamente."
de falar perigosamente."
16:22
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
16:24
And that actually helped a lot.
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E iso en realidade axudoume moito.
16:26
But I'll tell you, what helps even more
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Pero direilles que o que me axuda máis
16:28
is my sense, my belief, my hope
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é o meu sentido, a miña crenza,
a esperanza en que no que toca
a esperanza en que no que toca
16:31
that when it comes to our attitudes
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ás nosas actitudes
cara á introversión, a calma e a soidade,
cara á introversión, a calma e a soidade,
16:33
to introversion and to quiet and to solitude,
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16:35
we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change.
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estamos de veras ao bordo
dun cambio drástico.
dun cambio drástico.
16:37
I mean, we are.
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Dígoo en serio.
16:39
And so I am going to leave you now
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16:41
with three calls for action
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E agora vounos deixar
con 3 chamadas á acción
para os que comparten esta visión.
para os que comparten esta visión.
16:43
for those who share this vision.
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16:45
Number one:
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Número un:
16:47
Stop the madness for constant group work.
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Deteñan a loucura
do constante traballo en grupo.
do constante traballo en grupo.
16:49
Just stop it.
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Simplemente detéñana.
16:51
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
16:54
Thank you.
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Grazas.
16:56
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
16:58
And I want to be clear about what I'm saying,
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E quero ser clara no que estou a dicir,
17:00
because I deeply believe our offices
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porque creo de verdade
que as nosas oficinas
que as nosas oficinas
17:02
should be encouraging
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deberían animar as interaccións
do tipo de charla informal de café...
do tipo de charla informal de café...
17:04
casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions --
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17:06
you know, the kind where people come together
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desas en que as persoas se reúnen
17:08
and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas.
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e intercambian ideas
de maneira espontánea.
de maneira espontánea.
17:10
That is great.
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Iso é xenial.
17:12
It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts.
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Xenial para introvertidos
e extravertidos.
e extravertidos.
17:14
But we need much more privacy and much more freedom
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Pero precisamos moita máis privacidade
e máis liberdade
e máis liberdade
17:16
and much more autonomy at work.
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e máis autonomía no traballo.
17:18
School, same thing.
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E tamén na escola.
17:20
We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure,
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Debemos ensinar os nenos
a traballar xuntos, desde logo,
a traballar xuntos, desde logo,
17:23
but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own.
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pero tamén debemos ensinarlles
como traballar pola súa conta.
como traballar pola súa conta.
17:25
This is especially important for extroverted children too.
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É especialmente importante
para os nenos extravertidos.
para os nenos extravertidos.
17:28
They need to work on their own
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Necesitan traballar sós
17:30
because that is where deep thought comes from in part.
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porque de aí proveñen en parte
os pensamentos profundos.
os pensamentos profundos.
17:32
Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness.
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Número dous: vaian ao deserto.
17:35
Be like Buddha, have your own revelations.
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Sexan como Buda,
teñan as súas propias revelacións.
teñan as súas propias revelacións.
17:38
I'm not saying
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Non digo
17:40
that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods
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que todos teñamos que marchar e construír
cabanas propias nos bosques
cabanas propias nos bosques
17:43
and never talk to each other again,
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e non volver falar con ninguén,
17:46
but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug
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o que digo é que todos poderiamos
desconectar
desconectar
17:48
and get inside our own heads
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2000
e entrar nas nosas propias cabezas
un pouco máis a miúdo.
un pouco máis a miúdo.
17:50
a little more often.
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17:54
Number three:
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Número tres:
17:57
Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase
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Miren con atención
o que hai dentro da súa maleta
o que hai dentro da súa maleta
17:59
and why you put it there.
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e por que o puxeron aí.
18:01
So extroverts,
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Así que extravertidos,
18:03
maybe your suitcases are also full of books.
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quizais as vosas maletas
están tamén cheas de libros.
están tamén cheas de libros.
18:05
Or maybe they're full of champagne glasses
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Ou cheas de copas de champaña
ou dun equipo de paracaidismo.
ou dun equipo de paracaidismo.
18:07
or skydiving equipment.
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18:10
Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get
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Sexa o que for, espero que o saquedes
en cada oportunidade que teñades
en cada oportunidade que teñades
18:14
and grace us with your energy and your joy.
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e nos honredes
coa vosa enerxía e felicidade.
coa vosa enerxía e felicidade.
18:17
But introverts, you being you,
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Pero introvertidos, sendo como sodes,
18:20
you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully
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probablemente teñades o impulso
de gardar coidadosamente
de gardar coidadosamente
18:22
what's inside your own suitcase.
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o que está dentro da vosa maleta.
18:24
And that's okay.
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E iso está ben.
18:26
But occasionally, just occasionally,
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Pero de vez en cando, só de vez en cando,
18:28
I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see,
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espero que abrades as vosas maletas
para que outros as vexan,
para que outros as vexan,
18:31
because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.
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porque o mundo vos necesita
e necesita as cousas que levades.
e necesita as cousas que levades.
18:36
So I wish you the best of all possible journeys
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Así que deséxovos a mellor
de todas as viaxes posibles
de todas as viaxes posibles
18:38
and the courage to speak softly.
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e o valor para falar de maneira sosegada.
18:41
Thank you very much.
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Moitas grazas.
18:43
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
18:47
Thank you. Thank you.
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Grazas. Grazas
18:50
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Cain - Quiet revolutionaryOur world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone.
Why you should listen
Susan Cain is a former corporate lawyer and negotiations consultant -- and a self-described introvert. At least one-third of the people we know are introverts, notes Cain in her book QUIET: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking. Although our culture undervalues them dramatically, introverts have made some of the great contributions to society -- from Chopin's nocturnes to the invention of the personal computer to Ghandi's transformative leadership. Cain argues that we design our schools, workplaces and religious institutions for extroverts, and that this bias creates a waste of talent, energy and happiness. Based on intensive research in psychology and neurobiology and on prolific interviews, she also explains why introverts are capable of great love and great achievement, not in spite of their temperament -- but because of them.
In 2015 Susan Cain announced the launch of her mission-based organization Quiet Revolution that aims to change the lives of introverts by empowering them with the information, tools and resources they need to survive and thrive.
In the workplace, companies are not fully harnessing the talents of their introverted employees and leadership teams are often imbalanced with many more extroverts than introverts. The Quiet Leadership Institute has worked with companies from LinkedIn to GE to Procter and Gamble to help them achieve their potential by providing learning experiences that unlock the power of introverts.
At the heart and center of the Quiet Revolution is empowering the next generation of children to know their own strengths and be freed from the sense of inadequacy that has shadowed the children of previous generations. Susan's second book, Quiet Power, is written for teens and young adults but also serves as a tool for teachers and parents. In addition, Susan has created a portal and a online learning experience for the parents of quiet children and has also established the Quiet Schools Network. Susan's podcast, Quiet: The Power of Introverts debuted in February 2016 as a 10-part series designed to give parents and teachers the tools they need to empower quiet kids.
Susan and the Quiet Revolution have received numerous accolades and press including Fortune magazine, The New York Times, NPRand many more.
Susan Cain | Speaker | TED.com