ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alaa Murabit - Peace expert
Alaa Murabit champions women’s participation in peace processes and conflict mediation.

Why you should listen

Alaa Murabit's family moved from Canada to Libya when she was 15. Brought up in a Muslim household where she was equal to her brothers, she was shocked to see how women were viewed and treated in her new country. She enrolled in medical school, but felt frustrated by the gender discrimination she experienced. 

During her fifth year in med school, the Libyan Revolution broke out. Murabit was invigorated by how women were embraced as decision-makers in the movement. She founded The Voice of Libyan Women (VLW) to focus on challenging societal and cultural norms to make that the case all the time. Many VLW programs -- like the Noor Campaign, which uses Islamic teaching to combat violence against women -- have been replicated internationally.

Murabit is an advisor to many international security boards, think tanks and organizations, including the UN Women Global Civil Society Advisory Group and Harvard’s Everywoman Everywhere Coalition. An Ashoka Fellow, Murabit was a Trust Women Hero Award Winner in 2013.

More profile about the speaker
Alaa Murabit | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2015

Alaa Murabit: What my religion really says about women

阿拉•穆拉比特: 关于女性,伊斯兰教到底是怎样说的

Filmed:
3,804,611 views

阿拉•穆拉比特在15岁时,和家人一起从加拿大搬到了利比亚。之前,她感到和她的兄弟们是平等的,但在新环境里她感觉到了强大的禁忌,她可以做什么不可以做什么由禁忌决定。作为一位对自己的信仰感到自豪的穆斯林女性,她想搞清楚:这些宗教戒律是真的吗?她的演讲幽默而富有活力,其中的叛逆精神更令人耳目一新,她讲述了她是如何发现伊斯兰教历史中也有女性领导者,以及她如何发起了一起运动,直接从古兰经里引用诗句来捍卫女性权利。
- Peace expert
Alaa Murabit champions women’s participation in peace processes and conflict mediation. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
So on my way here,
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在我来的路上,
在飞机上我和旁边的乘客
00:15
the passenger乘客 next下一个 to me and I
had a very interesting有趣 conversation会话
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有一段很有意思的对话。
00:19
during my flight飞行.
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00:21
He told me, "It seems似乎 like
the United联合的 States状态 has run out of jobs工作,
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他跟我说:
“看来,美国的工作岗位都已经满了,
00:26
because they're just making制造 some up:
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因为现在的职位都是编出来的嘛:
00:28
cat psychologist心理学家, dog whisperer,
tornado龙卷风 chaser驱逐舰."
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猫心理学家,狗语者,风暴追逐者。”
00:34
A couple一对 of seconds later后来, he asked me,
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过了几秒钟,他问我:
00:37
"So what do you do?"
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“你又是做什么的?”
00:39
And I was like, "Peacebuilder和平建设者?"
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我回答说,“和平建设者?”
(笑声)
00:42
(Laughter笑声)
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00:46
Every一切 day, I work to amplify放大
the voices声音 of women妇女
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我每天都在努力让更多的人
听到女性的声音,
00:51
and to highlight突出 their experiences经验
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强调她们经历和参与
00:54
and their participation参与 in peace和平
processes流程 and conflict冲突 resolution解析度,
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推动和平、化解冲突的事迹。
00:59
and because of my work,
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也正是因为我的工作,
01:02
I recognize认识 that the only way to ensure确保
the full充分 participation参与 of women妇女 globally全球
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我意识到
保障全球女性全面参与的唯一途径,
01:08
is by reclaiming回收 religion宗教.
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就是改造宗教的面目。
01:11
Now, this matter is vitally至关重要
important重要 to me.
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如今,这件事对我至关重要。
01:15
As a young年轻 Muslim穆斯林 woman女人,
I am very proud骄傲 of my faith信仰.
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作为一位年轻的穆斯林女性,
我对自己的信仰非常自豪。
01:19
It gives me the strength强度 and conviction定罪
to do my work every一切 day.
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它给予了我力量和信念,
让我能每天努力工作。
它也是我能来这里站在大家面前的原因。
01:24
It's the reason原因 I can be here
in front面前 of you.
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01:27
But I can't overlook俯瞰 the damage损伤 that has
been doneDONE in the name名称 of religion宗教,
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但我无法忽视
以宗教名义造成的破坏,
01:33
not just my own拥有, but all
of the world's世界 major重大的 faiths信仰.
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不仅仅是我信仰的宗教,
全世界的主要宗教都是如此。
01:37
The misrepresentation误传 and misuse滥用
and manipulation操作 of religious宗教 scripture圣经
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对宗教经文的曲解、滥用和篡改,
01:42
has influenced影响 our social社会
and cultural文化 norms规范,
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已经影响到我们的社会和文化规范,
01:45
our laws法律, our daily日常 lives生活,
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我们的法律和日常生活,
01:48
to a point where we sometimes有时
don't recognize认识 it.
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有时甚至是我们还没有意识到的地方。
01:52
My parents父母 moved移动 from Libya利比亚,
North Africa非洲, to Canada加拿大
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我父母在20世纪80年代初
从北非的利比亚移民到了加拿大,
01:57
in the early 1980s,
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01:59
and I am the middle中间 child儿童 of 11 children孩子.
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我在11个小孩中排在中间。
02:03
Yes, 11.
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没错,11个。
02:05
But growing生长 up, I saw my parents父母,
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但在成长过程中我看到我的父母
02:07
both religiously宗教 devout虔诚的
and spiritual精神 people,
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都是宗教上虔诚、心灵富有的人,
02:11
pray祈祷 and praise赞美 God for their blessings祝福,
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他们向真主祷告并赞美真主的恩赐,
02:13
namely亦即 me of course课程, but among其中 others其他.
(Laughter笑声)
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当然就是我了,以及我的兄弟姐妹。
(笑声)
02:18
They were kind and funny滑稽 and patient患者,
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他们心地善良、
风趣幽默又极富耐心,
02:21
limitlessly无限 patient患者, the kind of patience忍耐
that having 11 kids孩子 forces军队 you to have.
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无限的耐心,
被11个孩子逼迫出来的耐心。
02:28
And they were fair公平.
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而且他们也很公正。
02:30
I was never subjected to religion宗教
through通过 a cultural文化 lens镜片.
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我从来没有被他们
以加上文化眼光的宗教来对待。
02:34
I was treated治疗 the same相同,
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我受到平等对待,
02:36
the same相同 was expected预期 of me.
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也被要求平等待人。
我从来没有被教导说:
真主因性别而区别待人。
02:39
I was never taught that God
judged判断 differently不同 based基于 on gender性别.
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而我父母所理解的真主,
是一位仁慈的益友和提供者,
02:44
And my parents'父母' understanding理解 of God
as a merciful仁慈 and beneficial有利 friend朋友
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02:50
and provider提供商 shaped成形 the way
I looked看着 at the world世界.
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正是这种观念塑造了我看待世界的方式。
02:54
Now, of course课程, my upbringing教养
had additional额外 benefits好处.
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当然,我的成长经历也有额外的益处。
02:58
Being存在 one of 11 children孩子 is Diplomacy外交 101.
(Laughter笑声)
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作为11个孩子中的一个就像是
上外交基础课。(笑声)
03:04
To this day, I am asked
where I went to school学校,
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到现在如果有人问我从哪里毕业的,
03:07
like, "Did you go to
Kennedy肯尼迪 School学校 of Government政府?"
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像是“你是肯尼迪政府学院毕业的吗?”
03:09
and I look at them and I'm like, "No,
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我就会看看他们然后回答:“不是,
我上的是穆拉比特国际关系学院。”
03:11
I went to the MurabitMurabit School学校
of International国际 Affairs事务."
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03:14
It's extremely非常 exclusive独家. You would have
to talk to my mom妈妈 to get in.
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绝对的私立学校,
想入学必须先跟我妈谈谈。
03:20
Lucky幸运 for you, she's here.
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各位运气很好,
她就在现场。
但是作为11个小孩之一,
拥有10个兄弟姐妹,
03:23
But being存在 one of 11 children孩子
and having 10 siblings兄弟姐妹
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03:28
teaches you a lot about
power功率 structures结构 and alliances联盟.
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能教会你许多
有关权力结构和联盟的事情。
它教你学会专注;
你要说快一点或者少一点,
03:32
It teaches you focus焦点; you have
to talk fast快速 or say less,
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03:35
because you will always get cut off.
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因为你总是会被打断。
03:37
It teaches you the importance重要性
of messaging消息.
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它教会你信息沟通的重要性。
03:40
You have to ask questions问题 in the right way
to get the answers答案 you know you want,
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你必须以正确的方式提出问题,
才能得到想要的答案,
03:44
and you have to say no
in the right way to keep the peace和平.
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你还要以正确的方式拒绝,
才能保持和平。
03:49
But the most important重要 lesson
I learned学到了 growing生长 up
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但是成长中我学到最重要的一课,
03:53
was the importance重要性 of being存在 at the table.
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就是要在圆桌上占有一席之地。
03:56
When my mom's妈妈的 favorite喜爱 lamp broke打破,
I had to be there when she was trying
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当我妈妈最喜欢的台灯被打破时,
她想查出是谁打破的、怎样发生的,
04:00
to find out how and by who,
because I had to defend保卫 myself,
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这时我就必须在场,
因为我得为自己辩护,
04:05
because if you're not,
then the finger手指 is pointed at you,
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因为如果谁不在,
就会变成众矢之的,
04:09
and before you know it,
you will be grounded接地.
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然后在还没反应过来之前就被禁足了。
04:11
I am not speaking请讲
from experience经验, of course课程.
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当然我不是在说我的亲身经历。
04:16
When I was 15 in 2005,
I completed完成 high school学校 and I moved移动
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2005年我15岁的时候,
刚刚从高中毕业,
04:21
from Canada加拿大 -- Saskatoon萨斯卡通 --
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我从加拿大的萨斯卡通,
04:24
to Zawiya扎维亚, my parents'父母' hometown家乡 in Libya利比亚,
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来到了我父母在利比亚的故乡,
扎维亚。
04:28
a very traditional传统 city.
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一个非常传统的城市。
04:30
Mind心神 you, I had only ever been
to Libya利比亚 before on vacation假期,
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提醒大家,
我以前只去过利比亚度假,
04:35
and as a seven-year-old七十岁 girl女孩,
it was magic魔法.
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对于一个7岁的小女孩来说,
当时就像梦幻一般。
04:39
It was ice cream奶油 and trips旅行 to the beach海滩
and really excited兴奋 relatives亲戚们.
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有冰淇淋和沙滩旅行,
还有非常兴奋的亲戚。
可对于15岁的年轻女士来说
就不是一回事了。
04:45
Turns out it's not the same相同
as a 15-year-old-岁 young年轻 lady淑女.
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04:50
I very quickly很快 became成为 introduced介绍
to the cultural文化 aspect方面 of religion宗教.
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我很快就见识到了
宗教在文化层面的影响。
04:56
The words "haram闺房" --
meaning含义 religiously宗教 prohibited被禁止 --
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“haram”——
表示宗教上禁止,
05:00
and "aibAIB" -- meaning含义
culturally文化 inappropriate不当 --
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而“aib”——
表示文化上不适当,
05:04
were exchanged交换 carelessly不经意,
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这两个词我常常无意中混用,
05:07
as if they meant意味着 the same相同 thing
and had the same相同 consequences后果.
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好像含义完全一致,
带来的后果也完全相同。
05:11
And I found发现 myself in conversation会话
after conversation会话 with classmates同学
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然后我发现自己无数次,
在和同学、同事、教授、
朋友,甚至是和亲戚的对话中,
05:16
and colleagues同事, professors教授,
friends朋友, even relatives亲戚们,
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05:19
beginning开始 to question my own拥有 rule规则
and my own拥有 aspirations愿望.
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开始质疑我自己的角色和志向。
05:24
And even with the foundation基础
my parents父母 had provided提供 for me,
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即使在我父母帮我打下的基础上,
05:27
I found发现 myself questioning疑问
the role角色 of women妇女 in my faith信仰.
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我发现我在质疑
自己信仰中女性所扮演的角色。
05:32
So at the MurabitMurabit School学校
of International国际 Affairs事务,
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在穆拉比特国际关系学院里,
05:36
we go very heavy on the debate辩论,
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我们热衷于辩论,
05:39
and rule规则 number one is do your research研究,
so that's what I did,
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第一条原则就是要做好调查,
于是我就去调查,
05:44
and it surprised诧异 me how easy简单 it was
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结果我很惊讶,其实很容易
在我的信仰中
找到曾是领导者的女性,
05:48
to find women妇女 in my faith信仰
who were leaders领导者,
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05:52
who were innovative创新, who were strong强大 --
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或是革新者、坚强的女性,
无论是在政治、经济,
甚至是军事领域中。
05:55
politically政治上, economically经济,
even militarily军事.
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卡蒂嘉在伊斯兰运动
刚刚起步的时候提供资金。
05:59
Khadija哈蒂嘉 financed资助 the Islamic清真 movement运动
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06:02
in its infancy婴儿期.
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要是没有她我们就不会在这里。
06:04
We wouldn't不会 be here if it weren't for her.
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06:07
So why weren't we learning学习 about her?
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那为什么我们不知道她的事迹?
06:10
Why weren't we learning学习 about these women妇女?
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为什么我们不知道这些女性的事迹?
06:13
Why were women妇女 being存在 relegated降级
to positions位置 which哪一个 predated
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为什么女性的地位
在我们的信仰教育中被忽略?
06:15
the teachings教导 of our faith信仰?
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06:18
And why, if we are equal等于
in the eyes眼睛 of God,
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而且,如果我们在真主眼中是平等的,
06:20
are we not equal等于 in the eyes眼睛 of men男人?
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为什么在男性的眼中却不是?
06:24
To me, it all came来了 back to the lessons教训
I had learned学到了 as a child儿童.
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对我而言,
一切都回到了我小时候所学到的。
决策者,
也就是控制信息的那个人,
06:30
The decision决定 maker制作者, the person
who gets得到 to control控制 the message信息,
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06:34
is sitting坐在 at the table,
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就坐在圆桌前,
06:36
and unfortunately不幸,
in every一切 single world世界 faith信仰,
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不幸的是,在每一种世界性宗教中,
06:41
they are not women妇女.
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这些人都不是女性。
06:44
Religious宗教 institutions机构
are dominated占主导地位 by men男人
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宗教组织为男性所主宰,
06:47
and driven驱动 by male leadership领导,
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由男性领导者推动,
06:49
and they create创建 policies政策
in their likeness,
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他们以自己的形象制订政策。
06:52
and until直到 we can change更改
the system系统 entirely完全,
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所以在我们能够完全改变体制前,
我们都不能实际去指望
女性全面参与经济与政治事务。
06:56
then we can't realistically现实
expect期望 to have full充分 economic经济
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06:59
and political政治 participation参与 of women妇女.
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07:03
Our foundation基础 is broken破碎.
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我们的基础是破碎的。
我的妈妈说过:
地基不平整,房子盖不正。
07:07
My mom妈妈 actually其实 says, you can't build建立
a straight直行 house on a crooked foundation基础.
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07:14
In 2011, the Libyan利比亚 revolution革命 broke打破 out,
and my family家庭 was on the front面前 lines线.
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2011年利比亚革命爆发,
我们一家就在前线。
07:21
And there's this amazing惊人 thing
that happens发生 in war战争,
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在战争中出现了
这样一件令人惊奇的事,
07:24
a cultural文化 shift转移 almost几乎, very temporary临时.
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几乎是一场文化上的转变,
非常短暂。
07:27
And it was the first time that I felt
it was not only acceptable接受
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这是我第一次感到,
参与其中不仅是被允许的,
07:30
for me to be involved参与,
but it was encouraged鼓励.
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而且是被鼓励的。
07:33
It was demanded要求.
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甚至是被要求的。
07:36
Myself and other women妇女
had a seat座位 at the table.
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我自己和其他女性,
在圆桌前也有了位置。
07:39
We weren't holding保持 hands or a medium.
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我们不是在那里手拉手
或是作为中间人。
07:42
We were part部分 of decision决定 making制造.
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我们参与了决策。
我们也共享信息,
我们至关重要。
07:44
We were information信息 sharing分享.
We were crucial关键.
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07:47
And I wanted and needed需要
for that change更改 to be permanent常驻.
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我想要而且需要那是永久的转变。
结果却是,并非这么简单。
07:54
Turns out, that's not that easy简单.
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07:57
It only took a few少数 weeks before the women妇女
that I had previously先前 worked工作 with
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只过了几个星期,
之前和我共事的女性
又回去做她们以前做的事情,
08:01
were returning回国 back
to their previous以前 roles角色,
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而且她们大多数人都是受到
宗教与政治领袖的鼓励,
08:04
and most of them were driven驱动
by words of encouragement鼓励
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08:07
from religious宗教 and political政治 leaders领导者,
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08:10
most of whom cited引用 religious宗教 scripture圣经
as their defense防御.
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这些领袖大多引用宗教经文
来为自己做防御。
他们也是用这种办法
使自己的观点获得民众支持。
08:14
It's how they gained获得 popular流行 support支持
for their opinions意见.
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所以开始的时候,我致力于赋予
女性经济和政治上的权力。
08:19
So initially原来, I focused重点 on the economic经济
and political政治 empowerment权力 of women妇女.
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08:24
I thought that would lead
to cultural文化 and social社会 change更改.
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我以为这样会带来
文化和社会上的转变。
08:27
It turns out, it does a little,
but not a lot.
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结果是有一点作用,但不多。
08:32
I decided决定 to use
their defense防御 as my offense罪行,
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我决定用他们的防御工具,
来作为我的进攻工具。
08:36
and I began开始 to cite引用 and highlight突出
Islamic清真 scripture圣经 as well.
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于是我也开始同样地引用
并强调伊斯兰教经文。
08:41
In 2012 and 2013, my organization组织
led the single largest最大
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在2012和2013年,我的组织在利比亚
领导了最大、范围最广泛的运动。
08:45
and most widespread广泛
campaign运动 in Libya利比亚.
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08:48
We entered进入 homes家园 and schools学校
and universities高校, even mosques清真寺.
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我们走进家庭,大小学校,
甚至清真寺,
08:52
We spoke to 50,000 people directly,
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我们直接同5万人对话,
08:55
and hundreds数以百计 of thousands数千 more through通过
billboards广告牌 and television电视 commercials广告,
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还通过大型看板和电视广告,
08:59
radio无线电 commercials广告 and posters海报.
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以及广播与海报来接触更多人。
09:02
And you're probably大概 wondering想知道 how
a women's女士的 rights权利 organization组织
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你可能会想,一个女权组织是怎样
09:05
was able能够 to do this in communities社区
which哪一个 had previously先前 opposed反对
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在以前光是对我们的存在
就很反感的社区进行活动的。
09:08
our sheer绝对 existence存在.
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09:11
I used scripture圣经.
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我用经文。
09:14
I used verses经文 from the Quran古兰经
and sayings语录 of the Prophet预言家,
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我引用了古兰经里的诗句
和先知的语录,
09:19
Hadiths圣训, his sayings语录 which哪一个
are, for example,
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圣训里的话语,
比如说,
09:23
"The best最好 of you is the best最好
to their family家庭."
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“你们中最好的人是最善待家人的人。”
09:26
"Do not let your brother哥哥 oppress压迫 another另一个."
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“不要让你的兄弟压迫他人。”
09:30
For the first time, Friday星期五 sermons布道
led by local本地 community社区 imams伊玛目
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第一次,由当地社区伊玛目
主持的周五布道,
09:35
promoted提拔 the rights权利 of women妇女.
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提倡了女性的人权。
他们讨论了像是家庭暴力
这一类的禁忌话题。
09:38
They discussed讨论 taboo忌讳 issues问题,
like domestic国内 violence暴力.
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09:42
Policies政策 were changed.
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政策改变了。
09:46
In certain某些 communities社区,
we actually其实 had to go as far
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在某些社区里,
我们甚至必须提到
09:49
as saying the International国际
Human人的 Rights Declaration宣言,
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比如说国际人权宣言,
你们反对它是因为
它不是宗教学者写的,
09:53
which哪一个 you opposed反对 because it wasn't
written书面 by religious宗教 scholars学者,
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09:57
well, those same相同 principles原则
are in our book.
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其实,我们的经书里
有同样的基本准则。
10:01
So really, the United联合的 Nations国家
just copied复制 us.
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所以实际上,
联合国是抄袭我们的。
通过信息的转变,
10:07
By changing改变 the message信息,
we were able能够 to provide提供
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我们得以提供另一种叙事角度,
来提倡利比亚的女权。
10:10
an alternative替代 narrative叙述 which哪一个 promoted提拔
the rights权利 of women妇女 in Libya利比亚.
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这样的方式现在开始
在国际上被复制。
10:15
It's something that has now
been replicated复制 internationally国际,
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10:20
and while I am not saying it's easy简单 --
believe me, it's not.
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我并没有说这很容易——
相信我,这并不容易。
10:24
Liberals自由主义者 will say you're using运用 religion宗教
and call you a bad conservative保守.
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自由派会说你是在利用宗教,
然后说你是糟糕的保守派。
10:28
Conservatives保守党 will call you
a lot of colorful华美 things.
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保守派会用一大堆难听话来骂你。
10:31
I've heard听说 everything from, "Your parents父母
must必须 be extremely非常 ashamed羞愧 of you" --
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我听过各种各样的,
从“你父母一定极度以你为耻”——
10:35
false; they're my biggest最大 fans球迷 --
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错,他们是我最大的支持者——
10:38
to "You will not make it
to your next下一个 birthday生日" --
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到“你活不到下一个生日”——
10:40
again wrong错误, because I did.
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又错了,因为我已经活到了。
10:44
And I remain
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而且我仍然坚信,
10:46
a very strong强大 believer信徒 that women's女士的 rights权利
and religion宗教 are not mutually相互 exclusive独家.
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女权和宗教并非不能相容。
10:54
But we have to be at the table.
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但我们必须在圆桌上
拥有一席之地。
10:57
We have to stop giving up our position位置,
because by remaining其余 silent无声,
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我们必须停止放弃自己的地位,
因为保持沉默,
11:01
we allow允许 for the continued继续 persecution迫害
and abuse滥用 of women妇女 worldwide全世界.
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我们就是容许全世界
继续迫害和虐待女性。
11:07
By saying that we're going
to fight斗争 for women's女士的 rights权利
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通过主张我们要为女权而战,
11:10
and fight斗争 extremism极端主义
with bombs炸弹 and warfare,
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打击使用炸弹、发动战争
的极端主义者,
11:14
we completely全然 cripple削弱 local本地 societies社会
which哪一个 need to address地址 these issues问题
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我们就能完全瘫痪那些
需要借由强调这类议题
11:18
so that they're sustainable可持续发展.
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才能持续发展下去的地方社群。
11:23
It is not easy简单, challenging具有挑战性的
distorted扭曲 religious宗教 messaging消息.
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这并不容易,
要挑战扭曲的宗教信息。
11:28
You will have your fair公平 share分享
of insults侮辱 and ridicule嘲笑 and threats威胁.
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你将面对许多的侮辱、嘲笑和威胁。
11:34
But we have to do it.
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但我们必须这么做。
我们别无选择,
必须改造人权的信息沟通,
11:36
We have no other option选项 than to reclaim回收
the message信息 of human人的 rights权利,
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11:40
the principles原则 of our faith信仰,
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我们信仰的原则,
11:43
not for us, not for
the women妇女 in your families家庭,
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并非是为了我们,
也不是为了你们家中的女性,
11:46
not for the women妇女 in this room房间,
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也不是为了这个房间里的女性,
11:48
not even for the women妇女 out there,
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甚至不是为了外面的女性,
11:51
but for societies社会
that would be transformed改造
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而是为了一个由于女性的参与
而转变的社会。
11:54
with the participation参与 of women妇女.
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11:57
And the only way we can do that,
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我们能做到这一点的唯一途径,
12:00
our only option选项,
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我们唯一的选择,
12:02
is to be, and remain, at the table.
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就是在圆桌上,持续地拥有一席之地。
谢谢大家。(掌声)
12:05
Thank you.
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12:08
(Applause掌声)
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Translated by Tian Ye
Reviewed by Yongjun Li

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alaa Murabit - Peace expert
Alaa Murabit champions women’s participation in peace processes and conflict mediation.

Why you should listen

Alaa Murabit's family moved from Canada to Libya when she was 15. Brought up in a Muslim household where she was equal to her brothers, she was shocked to see how women were viewed and treated in her new country. She enrolled in medical school, but felt frustrated by the gender discrimination she experienced. 

During her fifth year in med school, the Libyan Revolution broke out. Murabit was invigorated by how women were embraced as decision-makers in the movement. She founded The Voice of Libyan Women (VLW) to focus on challenging societal and cultural norms to make that the case all the time. Many VLW programs -- like the Noor Campaign, which uses Islamic teaching to combat violence against women -- have been replicated internationally.

Murabit is an advisor to many international security boards, think tanks and organizations, including the UN Women Global Civil Society Advisory Group and Harvard’s Everywoman Everywhere Coalition. An Ashoka Fellow, Murabit was a Trust Women Hero Award Winner in 2013.

More profile about the speaker
Alaa Murabit | Speaker | TED.com