ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mara Mintzer - Community engagement specialist
Mara Mintzer thrives on engaging children, youth and underrepresented communities in participatory planning, an approach that aims to integrate the views of all community members into designing exemplary communities.

Why you should listen

By using creative, participatory methods in classrooms and community events, Mara Mintzer brings children, city planners and elected officials together to address the city’s most pressing issues. She writes and presents internationally on the topic of engaging children and youth in planning.

Mintzer is based at the University of Colorado in Boulder, Colorado, where she co-founded and now directs Growing Up Boulder (GUB).  Growing Up Boulder is a child- and youth-friendly city initiative that is a partnership between the University of Colorado, the City of Boulder, and Boulder Valley School District. Since its inception in 2009, Growing Up Boulder has worked with more than 4,000 young people, ages 0-18, and 1,000 university students to give children and youth a voice in designing the very communities in which they live.  Her students routinely provide input to urban planners and testify before city council on issues that matter to them. Growing up Boulder is part of the University of Colorado Boulder’s Community Engagement Design and Research (CEDaR) Center.  

Prior to her current work, Mintzer created and managed programs for underresourced children and families in California and New York.  These programs ranged from Early Head Start, preschool education and universal pre-kindergarten classes to parenting classes and coordinated family support services on a public school campus. In addition, she facilitated community building through participatory budgeting and neighborhood visioning processes for the California community in which she worked.

Mintzer received her BA in psychology from Brown University and her MA in organizational psychology from Teachers College, Columbia University. She takes an interdisciplinary approach to her work that values the intersection of urban planning, education, civic engagement and social justice. A spirit of collaboration underlies all of Mintzer's work. She loves to travel and practice her French and Spanish language skills fearlessly.

More profile about the speaker
Mara Mintzer | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxMileHigh

Mara Mintzer: How kids can help design cities

玛拉 · 明茨尔: 孩子们如何帮助设计城市

Filmed:
1,613,286 views

成年人倾向于认为孩子是“未来的公民”——他们的想法和意见在未来会很重要,而不是现在。但是孩子占人口的四分之一,他们难道不应该对未来的世界有发言权吗?城市规划师玛拉 · 明茨尔分享了,当她和她的团队让孩子们帮助设计科罗拉多州博尔德市的一个公园时所发生的事情。它是如何揭示了一个我们在构建环境时的重要盲点。明茨尔抛出一个疑问:“如果我们不把孩子考虑进我们的规划,那我们还在忽略谁?”
- Community engagement specialist
Mara Mintzer thrives on engaging children, youth and underrepresented communities in participatory planning, an approach that aims to integrate the views of all community members into designing exemplary communities. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Our society社会 routinely常规 makes品牌 decisions决定
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我们的社会常常
在忽略1/4人口的情况下
00:15
without consulting咨询
a quarter25美分硬币 of the population人口.
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擅自做决定。
00:19
We're making制造 choices选择 about land土地 use,
energy能源 production生产 and natural自然 resources资源
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我们决定土地的使用权、
能源生产以及自然资源,
00:24
without the ideas思路 and experiences经验
of the full充分 community社区.
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却不考虑所有群体的想法和体验。
00:28
The car汽车, an inanimate老成 object目的,
has more say over public上市 policy政策
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像汽车这种无生命的物体,
在公共政策决定上
00:33
than this group of citizens公民.
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都比这群公民更有发言权。
00:35
Can you guess猜测 which哪一个 group
I'm talking about?
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你们能猜到是哪个群体吗?
00:38
It's children孩子.
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是孩子们!
00:42
I work in urban城市的 design设计,
and not surprisingly出奇,
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我从事城市设计工作,
并不奇怪的是,
大部分城市城市设计者都是成人。
00:45
most cities城市 are designed设计 by adults成年人.
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00:47
Urban城市的 planners规划者, architects建筑师,
developers开发商, politicians政治家,
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城市规划师,建筑师,开发商,政客
00:51
and occasionally偶尔, a few少数 loud citizens公民.
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偶尔也会有一些热心的公民。
00:54
Rarely很少 do you consider考虑 the voices声音
of a group of four-year-olds四岁的孩子,
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你很少会考虑一群四岁孩子的想法
00:58
barely仅仅 tall enough足够 to reach达到 the podium讲台
at city council评议会 chambers.
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那些孩子的身高勉强能
够到市议会厅的演讲台。
01:03
But today今天, I want to ask you this:
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但是今天,我想问你这个问题:
01:06
What would happen发生 if we asked children孩子
to design设计 our cities城市?
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如果让我们的孩子
设计城市会发生什么呢?
01:11
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:13
Back in 2009, I was introduced介绍
to a small group of people
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在2009年的时候,
我被介绍给一组人,
他们想要
01:17
who wanted to start开始 a child-friendly儿童友好
city initiative倡议 in Boulder漂砾, Colorado科罗拉多州.
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在科罗拉多州博尔德市展开一项
关爱儿童的城市倡议。
01:22
I come from a family家庭
of civil国内 rights权利 advocates倡导者,
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我来自一个倡导民权的家庭,
01:25
and I had spent花费 my career事业 until直到 that point
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在那时,我的职业是
01:28
working加工 with low-income低收入
children孩子 and families家庭.
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与低收入的家庭和孩子一起工作,
01:31
But I had never heard听说 of a child-friendly儿童友好
city initiative倡议 before.
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但我从没听说过关爱儿童的
城市倡议。
01:35
So I figured想通 its purpose目的 would be
to address地址 some of the frustrations挫折
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所以我想他们的目的将是解决一些
像我这样的家长在照顾小孩子时
所遇到的疑惑。
01:39
I had encountered遇到 as the parent
of a young年轻 child儿童.
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01:43
Perhaps也许 we would advocate主张
for more changing改变 tables in restaurants餐馆.
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也许我们会提倡在餐厅厕所里
设更多的换尿布台,
01:47
Or create创建 indoor室内 play spaces空间
for those cold and rainy多雨的 days.
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或者在那些寒冷多雨的日子
建立室内游戏空间。
01:51
In other words, make the city
more hospitable好客 to children孩子 and families家庭.
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换而言之,让城市对孩子和家庭来说
更舒适。
01:56
It wasn't until直到 after
I committed提交 to this project项目
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直到我投身到这个项目,
02:00
that I realized实现 I had it all wrong错误.
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我才意识到自己完全错了。
02:03
We wouldn't不会 be designing设计
better cities城市 for children孩子.
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我们不能给孩子设计更好的城市,
02:07
Children孩子 would be designing设计
better cities城市 for themselves他们自己,
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孩子可以更好地
为他们自己设计城市,
02:11
and for the rest休息 of us, too.
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同时也造福我们。
02:14
Now, I bet赌注 you're skeptical怀疑的
about this idea理念.
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我猜你们一定会怀疑这个想法。
02:18
And honestly老老实实, I was, too.
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说真的,我以前也不相信。
02:21
I mean, there must必须 be a reason原因
the voting表决 age年龄 is 18.
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投票年龄设为18岁
肯定是有原因的。
02:24
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:28
How could children孩子 possibly或者
understand理解 complex复杂 ideas思路
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孩子怎么可能理解那些复杂的
设计概念?
02:31
such这样 as the affordable实惠 housing住房 crisis危机
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像经济适用房危机,
02:33
or how to develop发展
a transportation运输 master plan计划?
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或者如何发展交通整体规划。
02:37
And even if they had ideas思路,
wouldn't不会 they be childish幼稚?
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即使他们有想法,
他们的想法难道不是幼稚的
02:41
Or unreasonable不合理?
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或是不切实际的吗?
02:44
Do our cities城市 really need a park公园
made制作 out of candy糖果?
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我们的城市真的需要
用糖果建成的公园吗?
02:47
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:51
Or a bridge with water cannons大炮
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或是装有水炮的大桥?
02:53
that fire water onto
unsuspecting信任的 kayakers卡耶克斯 below下面?
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向那些桥下不知情的皮艇射水?
02:56
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:01
While these concerns关注 sound声音 legitimate合法,
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虽然这些担忧貌似合理,
03:04
I realized实现 that not including包含
children孩子 in city planning规划
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但是我意识到
不让孩子参与城市设计,
03:07
was a bigger design设计 problem问题.
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将成为设计中更大的问题。
03:09
After all, shouldn't不能 we include包括
end结束 users用户 in the design设计 process处理?
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毕竟,我们应该将最终使用者
考虑进设计过程中。
03:14
If we're building建造 a park公园
to be largely大部分 used by kids孩子,
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如果我们建一个主要
供孩子使用的公园,
03:17
then kids孩子 should have a say
in the park's帕克的 design设计.
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那么孩子应该在公园设计上
有发言权。
03:21
So with all of this in mind心神,
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所以把这些都考虑进去,
03:23
we formed形成 a program程序
called "Growing生长 Up Boulder漂砾,"
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我们创建了一个项目叫做
“成长博尔德”。
03:25
and my job工作 is to work with children孩子
ages年龄 zero through通过 18
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我的工作就是和
一群0岁到18岁的孩子们一起,
03:30
to come up with innovative创新
city-design城市设计 solutions解决方案.
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想出有创意的城市规划解决方法。
03:33
How do we do this, you might威力 ask?
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你也许会问我们怎么实现这些?
03:35
Let me give you a real真实 example.
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让我给你举一个实际例子:
03:38
In 2012, the city of Boulder漂砾 decided决定
to redesign重新设计 a large downtown市中心 park公园,
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在2012年,博尔德市决定重新设计
一个大型的市中心公园
03:44
known已知 as the Civic思域 Area.
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叫做市民区。
03:46
This space空间 is bounded
by a farmers'农民 market市场 on one end结束,
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这个地方的一端是农产品市场,
03:50
Boulder漂砾 Public上市 Library图书馆 on the other end结束,
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另一端是博尔德公共图书馆,
03:53
and by Boulder漂砾 Creek,
which哪一个 runs运行 through通过 the middle中间.
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还有博尔德溪,贯穿中间。
03:56
The space空间 needed需要 a new design设计
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这个地方需要一个新的设计
03:58
to better handle处理 the creek's克里克的
inevitable必然 flash floods洪水,
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来更好的处理小溪
不可避免的洪水,
04:01
restore恢复 a sense of safety安全 to the area
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从而恢复这个地方的安全性,
04:04
and support支持 an expanded扩大 farmers'农民 market市场.
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以及扩大农产品市场。
04:07
So from 2012 through通过 2014,
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所以从2012年到2014年,
04:11
we engaged订婚 more than 200
young年轻 people in the process处理,
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超过200位年轻人参与到这个过程中
04:14
ranging不等 from preschool幼儿
through通过 high school学校 students学生们.
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从学前班到高中生。
04:18
Now, how did we do this?
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我们是怎么做的呢?
04:20
Let me explain说明.
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让我来告诉你。
04:21
First, we visited参观 children孩子
in their classrooms教室
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首先,我们去找了教室里的孩子
04:24
and presented呈现 the project项目:
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并且展示了我们项目。
04:26
what it was, why their ideas思路 mattered要紧
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它是什么,为什么他们的想法
很重要
04:29
and what would happen发生
with their recommendations建议.
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以及有了他们的建议会发生什么。
04:32
Before we could influence影响 them,
we asked children孩子 to record记录 their ideas思路,
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在我们影响他们之前,
我们让孩子们根据
他们自己的生活经验
04:37
based基于 on their own拥有 lived生活 experiences经验.
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写下他们的想法。
04:40
Then we asked children孩子 to go
on a field领域 trip with us,
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然后我们让孩子们
和我们一起去实地考察
04:44
to document文件 what they liked喜欢
and didn't like about the space空间,
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用摄影去记录
他们对于空间的喜欢和不喜欢。
04:47
using运用 photography摄影.
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04:49
Through通过 green绿色 picture图片 frames,
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通过绿色相框
04:51
students学生们 highlighted突出
what they liked喜欢 about the space空间,
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学生们突出了他们对空间的喜爱
04:54
such这样 as college学院 students学生们,
tubing管道 down the creek.
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例如大学生在小溪里顺流嬉戏。
04:57
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:59
Then they flipped翻转 those frames over
and used the red side
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然后他们把相框反过来,
用红色的那面
05:03
to highlight突出 things
they didn't like, such这样 as trash垃圾.
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去表示他们不喜欢的东西,
比如说垃圾。
05:07
Our sixth-grade六年级 students学生们
studied研究 the Civic思域 Area
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六年级学生学习公民区
05:10
by researching研究 sites网站
with similar类似 challenges挑战
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通过研究全世界
05:13
from around the world世界.
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有着相似挑战的地区。
05:16
Then, we invited邀请 the kids孩子
to combine结合 their original原版的 ideas思路
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然后,我们邀请孩子们去
整合他们最初的想法,
05:21
with their new inspiration灵感,
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用他们的灵感
05:23
to synthesize合成 solutions解决方案
to improve提高 the space空间.
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去合成可以改善空间的解决方法。
05:26
Each class invited邀请 adult成人 planners规划者,
city council评议会 and community社区 members会员
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每个教室邀请成人策划师,
市议员和社区成员
05:31
into the classroom课堂, to share分享 and discuss讨论
their recommendations建议.
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到教室去分享和讨论他们的建议。
05:37
Boulder's博尔德的 senior前辈 urban城市的 planners规划者
stepped加强 over blocks and stuffed填充的 animals动物
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博尔德的高级城市规划师
跨过积木和毛绒玩具
05:41
to explore探索 preschool幼儿 students'学生们' full-size全尺寸
classroom课堂 recreation娱乐 of the Civic思域 Area.
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去探索学龄前学生在教室中建的
模拟公民区。
05:48
Adult成人 planners规划者 marveled惊叹
at the students'学生们' ideas思路
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成人规划师惊叹于孩子们的想法,
05:52
as they shared共享 a park公园
constructed out of a jelly果冻 bracelet手镯.
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当他们分享一个由橡皮环做的公园。
05:57
It was supposed应该 to be an ice-skating溜冰 rink滑冰场.
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那应该是一个溜冰场。
05:59
And then, public上市 art艺术 constructed
from animal-shaped动物形 plastic塑料 beads.
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还有由动物形状的塑料珠子构成的
公共艺术。
06:05
And while this may可能 seem似乎 ridiculous荒谬,
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这似乎有点荒唐,
06:07
it isn't so different不同 from the models楷模
that architects建筑师 create创建.
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这和建筑师创造的模型其实没有太大不同
06:11
Now, fast-forward快进 four years年份,
and I am pleased满意 to report报告
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在这进展迅速的四年,
我很高兴向大家报告
06:15
that many许多 of the children's儿童 ideas思路
are being存在 implemented实施 in the Civic思域 Area.
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很多孩子的想法已经在公民区
实现啦!
比如,
06:20
For example,
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06:21
there will be improved改善
access访问 to Boulder漂砾 Creek,
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博尔德小溪被改善,
所以孩子们可以在水里安全地玩耍。
06:23
so kids孩子 can play safely安然 in the water.
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06:26
Lighting灯光 in previously先前 dark黑暗 underpasses地下通道,
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以前黑暗的地下通道现在装了照明
06:29
so high school学校 students学生们 can walk步行 home
safely安然 after school学校 at night.
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所以高中生可以晚上放学后
安全地回家。
06:34
And separated分离 biking骑自行车 and walking步行 paths路径,
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骑车和行走的道路被分开了
06:37
so speeding超速 bikers骑自行车的人 won't惯于 hit击中 young年轻 people
as they stroll漫步 by the creek.
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所以快速骑车的人
不会撞到沿着溪边闲逛的年轻人。
06:42
My daughter女儿 and I even skated滑冰 on a new,
child-requested儿童要求 ice-skating溜冰 rink滑冰场,
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在去年冬天,
我女儿和我甚至在一个新的,
孩子们提议的滑冰场滑冰
06:47
last winter冬季.
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06:50
So, were all of the kids'孩子们 ideas思路
implemented实施 at the Civic思域 Area?
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但是,所有孩子的想法
都被实现了吗?
06:55
Of course课程 not.
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当然没有!
06:57
Democracy民主 is a messy process处理.
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民主是一个
复杂的过程。
07:01
But just as a reasonable合理
and well-informed灵通 adult成人
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但正如一个通情达理见多识广
的成年人一样,
07:03
does not expect期望
all of her ideas思路 to be utilized利用,
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她知道,不是所有的理想都会实现,
07:07
neither也不 does a nine-year-old九十岁.
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更不用说一个九岁的孩子。
07:10
We've我们已经 now been using运用
this process处理 for eight years年份,
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我们现在已经用这个方法八年了。
07:12
and along沿 the way, we've我们已经 found发现
some incredible难以置信 benefits好处
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在这些年里,我们发现了很多
与孩子一起
07:15
to designing设计 cities城市 with children孩子.
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设计城市的难以置信的优点。
07:18
First of all, kids孩子 think
differently不同 from adults成年人.
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首先,孩子们和大人们想的不一样,
07:22
And that's a good thing.
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这是一个好事情。
07:24
Adults成人 think about constraints限制,
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成年人考虑约束条件,
07:26
how much time will a project项目 take,
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实施一个项目要花多少时间,
07:28
how much money will it cost成本
and how dangerous危险 will it be.
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成本是多少,项目有多危险。
07:33
In other words,
"Are we going to get sued起诉?"
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换而言之,“我们会被起诉吗?”
07:35
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
07:37
It's not that these
constraints限制 aren't real真实,
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不是说这些约束不存在,
07:39
but if we kill off ideas思路
from the beginning开始,
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但如果我们从一开始
就扼杀各种想法,
07:42
it limits范围 our creativity创造力
and dampens抑制 the design设计 process处理.
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它就限制我们的创造力
并且削弱设计过程。
07:46
Kids童装, on the other hand,
think about possibilities可能性.
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然而,孩子们考虑的是可能性。
07:51
For kids孩子, the sky天空 is the limit限制.
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对于孩子们来说,
天空才是极限
07:53
Literally按照字面.
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当然是字面意思。
07:55
When we worked工作 with middle-school中学 students学生们
to design设计 teen-friendly青少年友好 parks公园,
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当我们和中学生一起设计
对青少年有利的公园时
07:59
they drew德鲁 pictures图片
of skydiving跳伞, hang gliding滑翔,
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他们画了跳伞,滑翔。
08:03
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
08:05
and jumping跳跃 from trampolines蹦床
into giant巨人 foam泡沫 pits.
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从蹦床跳进巨大的泡沫坑。
08:08
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
08:10
Some of this sounds声音 far-fetched牵强,
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有一些听起来很牵强,
08:12
but the commonalities共性 among其中 the activities活动
revealed透露 an important重要 story故事.
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但这些活动的共同点
揭示了一个重要的道理:
08:17
Our adolescents青少年 wanted
thrill-seeking寻求刺激 opportunities机会.
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我们的青少年想要
寻求刺激的机会。
08:21
Which哪一个 makes品牌 perfect完善 sense,
given特定 their developmental发展的 stage阶段 in life.
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鉴于他们处在人生的发展阶段,
这确实是有道理的。
08:25
So our task任务, as connectors连接器
between之间 inspiration灵感 and reality现实,
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所以作为灵感和现实的连接器,
我们的任务
08:31
was to point them towards
activities活动 and equipment设备
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就是能够给他们
提供可以安装在公园里的
08:34
that actually其实 could be
installed安装 in a park公园.
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活动和器材。
08:38
This is exactly究竟 what parks公园
in Australia澳大利亚 have doneDONE,
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这就是澳大利亚公园在做的事情:
08:41
with their extensive广泛 zip压缩 lines线
and their 30-foot-tall-foot高的 climbing攀登 towers.
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公园里有宽大的高空滑索以及
30英尺高的攀爬塔。
08:47
When kids孩子 dream梦想 up a space空间,
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当孩子们梦想一个空间时
08:49
they almost几乎 always include包括 fun开玩笑, play
and movement运动 in their designs设计.
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他们永远都会把乐趣、
玩耍以及运动包含在他们的设计中。
08:55
Now, this is not what adults成年人 prioritize优先.
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现在,这不是成年人
优先考虑的问题,
09:00
But research研究 shows节目 that fun开玩笑,
play and movement运动
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然而研究表明乐趣、玩耍以及运动
09:03
are exactly究竟 what adults成年人 need
to stay healthy健康, too.
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也正是成年人保持健康的方法。
09:06
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
09:08
Who wouldn't不会 enjoy请享用 a tree house
containing a little lending贷款 library图书馆
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谁不喜欢一个有着
借阅图书馆的树屋呢?
09:13
and comfortable自在
beanbag懒人沙发 chairs椅子 for reading?
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以及用来阅读的懒人沙发呢?
09:16
Or what about a public上市 art艺术 display显示
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或者有一个公共的艺术展览?
09:19
that sprays喷雾剂 paint涂料 onto a canvas帆布
each time you walk步行 up the steps脚步?
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每次你走上台阶的时候,
就会有油漆喷到画布上。
09:24
In addition加成 to fun开玩笑 and play,
children孩子 value beauty美女 in their designs设计.
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除了乐趣和玩耍,
孩子们的设计很重视美观。
09:29
When tasked任务 with designing设计
dense稠密 affordable实惠 housing住房,
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当设计密集的经济适用房的时候,
09:32
kids孩子 rejected拒绝 the blocks of identical相同,
beige米色 condominiums公寓
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孩子们不喜欢单一的米黄色的公寓,
09:36
so many许多 developers开发商 favor偏爱,
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而那是很多成年设计者很喜欢的。
09:39
and instead代替, put bright colors颜色
on everything,
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相反,孩子们喜欢把鲜艳的颜色
放到所有物体上
09:42
from housing住房 to play equipment设备.
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从房子到游乐设施。
09:45
They placed放置 flowers花卉
between之间 biking骑自行车 and walking步行 paths路径,
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他们把花朵放在骑车道和
人行道的中间,
09:49
and placed放置 benches长椅 along沿 the creek,
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沿着小溪放置长椅。
09:51
so kids孩子 could hang out with their friends朋友
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所以孩子们可以和朋友出去玩
09:54
and enjoy请享用 the tranquility宁静 of the water.
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然后享受溪水的平静,
09:57
Which哪一个 leads引线 me to nature性质.
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让人能够亲近大自然。
09:59
Children孩子 have a biological生物 need
to connect with nature性质,
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孩子对大自然有着
天生的需求,
10:02
and this shows节目 up in their designs设计.
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这出现在他们的设计中。
10:05
They want nature性质
right in their backyards后院,
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他们想要大自然在他们的后花园里,
10:07
not four blocks away.
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而不是在四个街区之外。
10:09
So they design设计 communities社区
that incorporate合并 water,
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所以他们设计的社区的公共区域中,
10:12
fruit水果 trees树木, flowers花卉 and animals动物
into their common共同 spaces空间 on site现场.
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有水,果树、花朵以及动物。
10:20
For better or worse更差, this is logical合乎逻辑,
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无论好坏,这些想法是有逻辑的。
10:23
because five-year-olds五岁的孩子 today今天
are rarely很少 allowed允许 to walk步行 four blocks
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因为五岁的孩子很少被允许
独自走过四个街区
10:26
to access访问 a park公园 by themselves他们自己.
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去一个公园。
10:29
And nature性质 in one's那些 immediate即时
environment环境 benefits好处 everyone大家,
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周围的自然环境会让所有人受益,
10:32
since以来 it has been shown显示
to have restorative恢复 effects效果 for all ages年龄.
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因为它已经被证明对
所有年龄段的人都有恢复作用。
10:38
It may可能 come as a surprise,
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这也许是一个惊喜
10:40
but we even take into consideration考虑
the desires欲望 or our littlest点点 citizens公民,
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但我们甚至考虑到了
我们小公民的想法
10:44
babies婴儿 and toddlers幼儿.
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宝宝和幼儿。
10:46
From toddlers幼儿, we learned学到了
that the joy喜悦 of walking步行
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从幼儿身上,我们学到了走路的乐趣
10:49
comes from what you discover发现
along沿 the way.
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来自于沿途你发现的东西。
10:53
When they evaluated评估 the walkability可行走
of Boulder's博尔德的 19th Street corridor走廊,
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当孩子们评估博尔德
第19街走廊的可步行性时,
10:57
toddlers幼儿 spent花费 long stretches舒展
exploring探索 leaves树叶 in a ditch
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他们花了很长时间在
探索沟渠里的树叶
11:01
and sparkles火花 in the sidewalk人行道.
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以及人行道上的闪闪小物。
11:04
They reminded提醒 us to slow down
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他们提醒我们慢下来
11:06
and design设计 a path路径 where the journey旅程
is as important重要 as the destination目的地.
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然后设计一条旅程与终点同等重要的
道路。
11:13
In addition加成 to trees树木 and plants植物,
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除了树和植物,
11:15
kids孩子 almost几乎 always include包括 animals动物
in their designs设计.
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几乎所有孩子都会把动物
包含在他们的设计中。
11:19
Insects昆虫, birds鸟类 and small mammals哺乳动物
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昆虫,鸟类以及其他小型哺乳动物,
11:21
figure数字 prominently突出
into children's儿童 pictures图片.
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在孩子们的照片中占有显著地位。
11:24
Whether是否 it's because
they're closer接近 to the ground地面
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是否是因为他们离大地更近
11:27
and can see the grasshoppers蚱蜢
better than we can,
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所以比我们更能看见蚱蜢
11:30
or simply只是 because they have a greater更大
sense of empathy同情 for other beings众生,
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或者只是因为他们
对其他众生有更大的同情心?
11:34
children孩子 almost几乎 always include包括
non-human非人类的 species种类 in their ideal理想 worlds世界.
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孩子永远会把非人类物种
放进他们理想中的世界。
11:40
Across横过 the board, children孩子 are inclusive包括的
in their city planning规划.
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在整个过程中,
儿童在城市规划中具有包容性。
11:44
They design设计 for everyone大家,
from their grandmother祖母 in a wheelchair轮椅
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他们的设计考虑了所有人,
从坐轮椅的奶奶
11:49
to the homeless无家可归 woman女人
they see sleeping睡眠 in the park公园.
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到在公园里睡觉的
无家可归的女人。
11:51
Children孩子 design设计 for living活的 creatures生物,
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孩子们为世间生灵设计
11:54
not for cars汽车, egos自我 or corporations公司.
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而不是为了车,自我,或是公司。
11:59
The last and perhaps也许 most
compelling引人注目 discovery发现 we made制作
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最后也许是我们发现的
最引人注目的点是:
12:03
is that a city friendly友善 to children孩子
is a city friendly友善 to all.
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对儿童友好的城市其实
就是对所有人友好的城市。
12:08
Bogota波哥大, Colombia哥伦比亚 mayor市长 Enrique恩里克 PePEñalosa
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哥伦比亚首都波哥大的市长
恩里克·佩纳罗萨
12:11
observed观察到的 that children孩子
are a kind of indicator指示符 species种类.
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发现孩子是一种指示物种。
12:15
If we can build建立 a successful成功
city for children孩子,
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如果我们可以给孩子
建一个成功的城市
12:18
we will have a successful成功
city for all people.
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我们将会有一个对所有人来说
都是成功的城市。
12:22
Think about it.
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想一下,
12:23
Kids童装 can't just hop in a car汽车
and drive驾驶 to the store商店.
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孩子们不能跳上车然后开车去商店,
12:26
And most kids孩子 can't afford给予
an expensive昂贵 lunch午餐 at the nearby附近 cafe咖啡店.
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大多数孩子也买不起
附近咖啡馆里昂贵的午餐。
12:31
So if we build建立 cities城市
that take into the consideration考虑
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所以如果我们设计城市时考虑到
12:34
their needs需求 for alternative替代
forms形式 of transportation运输
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他们对替代交通
12:36
and for cheaper便宜 food餐饮 venues场馆,
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以及更便宜的美食场所的需求,
12:38
we meet遇到 the needs需求
of many许多 other populations人群, too.
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我们也满足了很多其他年龄段的人
的需求。
12:42
The more frequent频繁
and more affordable实惠 bus总线 service服务,
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我们年轻人所希望的更频繁
且更实惠的
12:45
so desired期望 by our youth青年,
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公共汽车服务,
12:47
also supports支持 the elderly老年
who wish希望 to live生活 independently独立地,
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也是那些希望独立生活的老人
所需要的,
12:51
after they can no longer drive驾驶 cars汽车.
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因为他们不能再开车了。
12:54
Teens'青少年 ' recommendations建议 for smooth光滑,
protected保护 walking步行 and skateboarding滑板运动 paths路径
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青少年们对轮滑与滑板路径的建议
13:00
also support支持 the person in a wheelchair轮椅
who wishes祝福 to go smoothly顺利 down the path路径,
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也适用那些依赖轮椅的人,
13:04
or the parent pushing推动 a new stroller童车.
225
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还有那些推着新的婴儿车的父母。
13:08
So to me, all of this
has revealed透露 something important重要.
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所以对我来说,
这些都揭示了一些重要的东西,
13:12
An important重要 blind spot.
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一个重要的盲点:
13:14
If we aren't including包含 children孩子
in our planning规划,
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如果我们不把孩子
考虑进我们的设计
13:17
who else其他 aren't we including包含?
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我们还在忽略谁?
13:20
Are we listening
to people of color颜色, immigrants移民,
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我们有在倾听有色人种,移民
13:24
the elderly老年 and people with disabilities残疾人,
or with reduced减少 incomes收入?
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老人,残疾人,
还是收入减少的人吗?
13:29
What innovative创新 design设计 solutions解决方案
are we overlooking俯瞰,
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我们忽略了哪些创新设计?
13:33
because we aren't hearing听力 the voices声音
of the full充分 community社区?
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因为我们没有听整个社区的声音,
13:36
We can't possibly或者 know
the needs需求 and wants of other people
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如果我们不发声询问,
13:39
without asking.
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就无法知道其他人的需求,
13:41
That goes for kids孩子 and for everyone大家 else其他.
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这适用于孩子和其他所有人。
13:44
So, adults成年人, let's stop thinking思维
of our children孩子 as future未来 citizens公民
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所以大人们,让我们不要把孩子
再当成未来的公民了,
13:49
and instead代替, start开始 valuing价值评估 them
for the citizens公民 they are today今天.
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相反,开始把他们当成
今天的公民来重视他们。
13:55
Because our children孩子
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因为我们的孩子,
13:58
are designing设计 the cities城市
that will make us happier幸福 and healthier健康.
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4166
在设计一个让我们更快乐,
更健康的城市,
14:02
Cities城市 filled填充 with nature性质, play, movement运动,
social社会 connection连接 and beauty美女.
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一个充满自然、玩耍、运动、
社会关系以及美观的城市
14:09
Children孩子 are designing设计 the cities城市
we all want to live生活 in.
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孩子们在设计一个
我们都想生活的城市。
14:14
Thank you.
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谢谢大家!
14:15
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Heze Ma
Reviewed by Jin Ge

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mara Mintzer - Community engagement specialist
Mara Mintzer thrives on engaging children, youth and underrepresented communities in participatory planning, an approach that aims to integrate the views of all community members into designing exemplary communities.

Why you should listen

By using creative, participatory methods in classrooms and community events, Mara Mintzer brings children, city planners and elected officials together to address the city’s most pressing issues. She writes and presents internationally on the topic of engaging children and youth in planning.

Mintzer is based at the University of Colorado in Boulder, Colorado, where she co-founded and now directs Growing Up Boulder (GUB).  Growing Up Boulder is a child- and youth-friendly city initiative that is a partnership between the University of Colorado, the City of Boulder, and Boulder Valley School District. Since its inception in 2009, Growing Up Boulder has worked with more than 4,000 young people, ages 0-18, and 1,000 university students to give children and youth a voice in designing the very communities in which they live.  Her students routinely provide input to urban planners and testify before city council on issues that matter to them. Growing up Boulder is part of the University of Colorado Boulder’s Community Engagement Design and Research (CEDaR) Center.  

Prior to her current work, Mintzer created and managed programs for underresourced children and families in California and New York.  These programs ranged from Early Head Start, preschool education and universal pre-kindergarten classes to parenting classes and coordinated family support services on a public school campus. In addition, she facilitated community building through participatory budgeting and neighborhood visioning processes for the California community in which she worked.

Mintzer received her BA in psychology from Brown University and her MA in organizational psychology from Teachers College, Columbia University. She takes an interdisciplinary approach to her work that values the intersection of urban planning, education, civic engagement and social justice. A spirit of collaboration underlies all of Mintzer's work. She loves to travel and practice her French and Spanish language skills fearlessly.

More profile about the speaker
Mara Mintzer | Speaker | TED.com