TED@IBM
David Katz: The surprising solution to ocean plastic
大卫·卡兹: 意想不到的解决海洋塑料垃圾的方法
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Readability: 4.7
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我们能够同时解决海洋塑料污染和极端贫困么？这是塑料银行的一个宏大的目标。塑料银行是一家全球连锁商店，其中的商品包括学费和厨用燃料等等，可通过塑料垃圾进行购买。这些垃圾之后进行分拣、粉碎、销售给一些公司。这些公司将这些社会性塑料重新用于产品生产。听大卫·卡兹讲述如何结束循环经济的这些举措。
卡兹说：“防止海洋塑料污染也许是人类最宝贵的机会。”
David Katz - Plastics alchemist
David is founder and CEO of The Plastic Bank, the world’s only organization to monetize plastic waste and provide an opportunity for the world's disadvantaged to collect and trade plastic waste as a currency. Full bio
David is founder and CEO of The Plastic Bank, the world’s only organization to monetize plastic waste and provide an opportunity for the world's disadvantaged to collect and trade plastic waste as a currency. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
我们都错了
00:12
We've had it all wrong.
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00:16
Everybody.
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各位
00:17
We've had it all wrong.
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我们都彻底搞错了
00:20
The very last thing we need to do
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我们最不需要做的事情
00:23
is clean the ocean.
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就是清理海洋
00:26
Very last.
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非常没有必要
00:28
Yeah, there is a garbage truck of plastic
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是的，有一辆卡车装满塑料垃圾
00:32
entering the ocean
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驶向大海
00:34
every minute
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这发生在每一天
00:35
of every hour of every day.
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每一小时的每一分钟
不计其数的鸟类和动物
00:39
And countless birds and animals
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00:41
are dying just from encountering plastic.
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仅仅因为接触塑料就会死亡
00:46
We are experiencing
the fastest rate of extinction ever,
the fastest rate of extinction ever,
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动物正以最快的速度灭绝
00:50
and plastic is in the food chain.
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塑料已经进入了食物链
00:53
And I'm still here,
standing in front of you,
standing in front of you,
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而我还站在这里
00:55
telling you the very last
thing we need to do
thing we need to do
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告诉大家，我们最不需要做的事情
00:59
is clean the ocean.
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就是清理海洋
01:01
Very last.
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完全不需要
01:05
If you were to walk into a kitchen,
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如果你走进厨房
01:08
sink overflowing,
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发现水已经涌出水池
01:10
water spilling all over the floor,
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地板上到处是水
01:12
soaking into the walls,
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墙壁也已浸湿
01:14
you had to think fast,
you're going to panic;
you're going to panic;
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你脑子转的飞快，你可能惊慌起来
01:17
you've got a bucket, a mop or a plunger.
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你有一个桶、一把拖布和一个搋子
01:20
What do you do first?
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你会先做什么呢？
为什么不关上水龙头？
01:23
Why don't we turn off the tap?
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01:26
It would be pointless to mop
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如果我们不先关上水龙头
01:28
or plunge or scoop up the water
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拖地，通下水道或舀水
01:31
if we don't turn off the tap first.
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都是毫无意义的
01:35
Why aren't we doing the same
for the ocean?
for the ocean?
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我们为什么不对海洋也这样做呢？
01:38
Even if the Ocean Cleanup project,
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虽然现在有海洋清理项目
01:43
beach plastic recycling programs
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沙滩塑料回收项目
01:47
or any well-meaning
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以及其他善意的
01:50
ocean plastic company
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处理海洋塑料的公司
01:53
was a hundred percent successful,
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这些项目都非常成功
01:56
it would still be too little, too late.
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但它们依然力量薄弱，而且出现得太晚
02:01
We're trending to produce
over 300 million ton
over 300 million ton
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今年人类预计会
产生超过3亿吨塑料
02:05
of plastic this year.
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02:09
Roughly eight million ton
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其中，大约800万吨塑料垃圾
02:12
are racing to flow into the ocean
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会快速流入海洋
02:14
to join the estimated
150 million ton already there.
150 million ton already there.
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而海洋中已经存在约1.5亿吨垃圾
02:21
Reportedly, 80 percent of ocean plastic
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据报道，海洋中80%的塑料
02:26
is coming from those countries
that have extreme poverty.
that have extreme poverty.
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都来自极度贫困的国家
02:31
And if you live in the grips of poverty
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如果你生活困苦
02:34
concerned, always, about food
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总是担心吃饭问题
02:38
or shelter
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住宿问题
02:40
or a sense of security,
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或是人身安全问题
02:43
recycling --
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回收垃圾
02:45
it's beyond your realm of imagination.
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是件超乎你想象的事
02:50
And that is exactly why
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而这个事实
02:54
I created the Plastic Bank.
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也正是我创办塑料银行的原因
02:58
We are the world's largest chain of stores
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我们是世界上规模最大的
03:00
for the ultra-poor,
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针对极端贫困人群的连锁商店
03:04
where everything in the store
is available to be purchased
is available to be purchased
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商店中的任何物品
都可以通过塑料垃圾进行换购
03:07
using plastic garbage.
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03:09
Everything.
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所有的物品都可以
03:11
School tuition.
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例如学费
03:13
Medical insurance.
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医疗保险
03:15
Wi-Fi, cell phone minutes, power.
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Wi-Fi、手机通话时长或是电力
03:18
Sustainable cooking fuel,
high-efficiency stoves.
high-efficiency stoves.
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厨用燃料，节能炉
03:23
And we keep wanting to add everything else
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我们也一直在添加其他商品
03:25
that the world may need and can't afford.
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这些商品可能是贫困人群
需要但支付不起的东西
需要但支付不起的东西
03:32
Our chain of stores in Haiti
are more like community centers,
are more like community centers,
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我们在海地的连锁商店更像是社区中心
03:38
where one of our collectors,
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在那里 其中一位垃圾收集者
03:40
Lise Nasis,
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丽萨·纳西斯
03:43
has the opportunity to earn a living
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拥有了维持生计的机会
03:46
by collecting material from door to door,
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她挨家挨户
03:49
from the streets,
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在大街上
03:51
from business to business.
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去企业里收集塑料材料
03:54
And at the end of her day,
she gets to bring the material back to us,
she gets to bring the material back to us,
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末了，她将这些材料交给我们
03:58
where we weigh it,
we check it for quality,
we check it for quality,
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我们对材料进行称重，质量检查
04:00
and we transfer the value
into her account.
into her account.
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然后将等价的钱转入她的账户
04:07
Lise now has a steady,
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现在，丽萨拥有一个
04:10
reliable source of income.
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稳定可靠的收入来源
04:14
And that value we transfer
into an online account for her.
into an online account for her.
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我们将这些钱转存到她的网上账户
04:19
And because it's a savings account,
it becomes an asset
it becomes an asset
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由于这是一个储蓄账户
它成了一笔资产
它成了一笔资产
04:23
that she can borrow against.
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丽萨可以取出使用
04:25
And because it's online,
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也因为这是网络账户
04:29
she has security against robbery,
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她免于受到抢劫等带来的损失
04:32
and I think more importantly,
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我认为更重要的是
04:35
she has a new sense of worth.
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她实现了新的自我价值
04:37
And even the plastic
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即便是这些塑料
04:39
has a new sense of value.
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也有了新的价值
04:45
Hm.
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04:48
And that plastic we collect,
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对于我们收集的塑料
04:51
and we add value to,
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我们同样赋予它们价值
04:56
we sort it,
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我们将其分类
04:58
we remove labels,
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去掉标签
05:00
we remove caps.
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去掉盖子
05:04
We either shred it
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我们或是将其粉碎
05:06
or we pack it into bales
and get it ready for export.
and get it ready for export.
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或是将其打包准备出口
05:12
Now, it's no different
than walking over acres of diamonds.
than walking over acres of diamonds.
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现在，这和走在布满钻石的田野上没什么不同
05:17
If Lise was to walk over acres of diamonds
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如果丽萨本在这片田野上
05:19
but there was no store, no bank,
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但那里没有商店和银行
05:21
no way to use the diamonds,
no way to exchange them,
no way to exchange them,
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没有途径去使用和交易钻石
05:25
they'd be worthless, too.
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这些钻石也会毫无价值
05:29
And Lise was widowed
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在2010年海地地震后
05:32
after the 2010 Haitian earthquake,
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丽萨失去了丈夫
05:35
left homeless without an income.
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无家可归，身无分文
05:37
And as a result of the program,
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由于这个项目
05:40
Lise can afford her two
daughters' school tuition
daughters' school tuition
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丽萨现在可以承担两个女儿的学费
05:43
and uniforms.
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还有她们的校服
05:46
Now, that plastic
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现在，对于这些塑料
05:49
we sell.
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我们将其卖出
05:53
We sell it to suppliers of great brands
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卖给那些知名公司
05:56
like Marks and Spencer,
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例如马莎百货
05:57
who have commissioned
the use of social plastic
the use of social plastic
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它已安排在生产过程中使用这些社会化塑料
06:01
in their products.
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06:04
Or like Henkel,
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再比如汉高公司
06:06
the German consumer-goods company,
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它是一家德国消费品公司
06:09
who are using social plastic
directly into their manufacturing.
directly into their manufacturing.
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它直接在生产中使用社会化塑料
06:13
We've closed the loop
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我们闭合了
循环经济的最后一环
06:16
in the circular economy.
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06:20
Now buy shampoo
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现在，当你在购买洗发水
06:23
or laundry detergent
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或者洗衣液之类
06:24
that has social plastic packaging,
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一些用社会化塑料包装的商品时
06:28
and you are indirectly contributing
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你就间接地
06:30
to the extraction of plastic
from ocean-bound waterways
from ocean-bound waterways
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为减少海洋塑料污染
和缓解贫困做出了贡献
06:34
and alleviating poverty
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06:36
at the same time.
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一举两得
06:39
And that model
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这种模式
06:41
is completely replicable.
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完全可以复制
06:44
In São Paulo,
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在圣保罗
06:46
a church sermon encourages parishioners
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教堂的布道鼓励教区居民
06:48
to not just bring offering on Sunday,
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不仅要在周日带来献品
06:50
but the recycling, too.
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同时也要带来回收物品
06:53
We then match the church with the poor.
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由此我们将教堂和贫困人群联结在一起
06:56
Or, I believe more powerfully,
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甚至，我有更大的设想
06:58
we could match a mosque in London
with an impoverished church in Cairo.
with an impoverished church in Cairo.
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我们可以将伦敦的清真寺
与开罗贫困的教堂联结起来
与开罗贫困的教堂联结起来
07:02
Or like in Vancouver,
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或者比如在温哥华
07:04
with our bottle-deposit program:
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我们开展了“存瓶子”项目
07:07
now any individual
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现在，任何个人
07:09
or any group
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任何组织
07:11
can now return
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都能通过归还那些可回收物品
来收回当时支付的费用
来收回当时支付的费用
07:12
their deposit-refundable recyclables,
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07:15
and instead of taking back the cash,
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他们并非会将这些利益化为己用
07:18
they have the opportunity
to deposit that value
to deposit that value
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而是有机会将这些钱
存入世界上贫困人群的账户
07:20
into the account of the poor
around the world.
around the world.
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07:24
We can now use our recycling
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我们现在可以通过回收
07:27
to support and create recyclers.
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支持和产生新的回收者
07:30
One bottle deposited at home
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一个存放在家的瓶子
07:33
could help extract
hundreds around the world.
hundreds around the world.
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能够帮助减少全世界成百上千个瓶子
07:37
Or, like Shell,
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或者比如壳牌公司
07:39
the energy company,
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一家能源公司
07:41
who's invested in our
plastic-neutral program.
plastic-neutral program.
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投资了我们的塑料中和项目
07:44
Plastic neutrality is like carbon-neutral.
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塑料中和类似于碳中和
07:48
But plastic neutrality invests
in recycling infrastructure
in recycling infrastructure
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但塑料中和项目投资的是
目前尚不存在的回收性基础设施
07:52
where it doesn't exist.
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07:55
And it provides an incentive for the poor
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它通过提供更高的价格
来激励穷人
07:57
by providing a price increase.
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08:00
Or --
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或者
08:02
like in the slums of Manila,
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例如，马尼拉的贫民窟中
08:04
where the smallest market
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在最小的市场上
08:08
with a simple scale and a phone
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用一个秤和手机
08:11
can now accept social plastic
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就可以接收社会性塑料
08:13
as a new form of payment by weight,
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作为一种新型的用称重支付的方式
08:16
allowing them to serve more people
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这使得那里的人们能为更多人群提供资源
08:20
and have their own greater social impact.
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也使他们自己产生了更大的社会影响
08:25
And what's common here
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这些行动的共同点在于
08:29
is that social plastic
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社会性塑料
就是金钱
08:31
is money.
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08:33
Social plastic is money,
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社会性塑料就是金钱啊
08:36
a globally recognizable and tradable
currency that, when used,
currency that, when used,
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它是一种全球认可
并且可用于交易的货币
并且可用于交易的货币
08:40
alleviates poverty
and cleans the environment
and cleans the environment
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使用它可以缓解贫困，清洁环境
08:43
at the same time.
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一举两得
08:47
It's not just plastic.
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它不仅是塑料
08:49
It's not recycled plastic,
it's social plastic,
it's social plastic,
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也不仅是可回收塑料
它是具有社会性质的塑料
它是具有社会性质的塑料
08:53
a material whose value is transferred
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这种材料的价值
08:56
through the lives
of the people who encounter it,
of the people who encounter it,
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可以通过它的接触者的生活而实现转移
08:59
rich and poor.
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不论贫富
09:04
Humans have produced
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人类已经生产出
09:05
over eight trillion kilograms of plastic,
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超过8万亿千克塑料
09:08
most of it still here as waste.
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其中的大多数仍然以废物的形式存在
09:12
Eight trillion kilograms.
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这8万亿千克
09:13
Worth roughly 50 cents a kilo,
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以大约每千克50美分的价格估值
09:17
we're potentially unleashing
a four-trillion-dollar value.
a four-trillion-dollar value.
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我们就潜在地拥有了一笔4千亿美元的财富
09:23
See, I see social plastic
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因此，我把社会性塑料看成是
09:26
as the Bitcoin for the earth --
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地球的比特币
09:28
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
09:29
and available for everyone.
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并且每个人都能拥有
09:37
Now the entire ecosystem
is managed and supported
is managed and supported
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现在，我们的整个生态系统
09:40
through an online banking platform
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都通过网络银行平台进行管理和支持
09:44
that provides for the safe,
authentic transfer of value globally.
authentic transfer of value globally.
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这些网络平台面向全球提供安全可靠的价值转移
09:49
You can now deposit your recyclables
in Vancouver or Berlin,
in Vancouver or Berlin,
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不管是在温哥华或柏林
你提供你的可回收物物品时
你提供你的可回收物物品时
09:53
and a family could withdraw
building bricks or cell phone minutes
building bricks or cell phone minutes
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在马尼拉贫民窟的一个家庭
可以因此获得
建筑用砖或是手机通话时间
建筑用砖或是手机通话时间
09:57
in the slums of Manila.
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09:59
Or Lise --
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再来看丽萨
10:02
she could deposit recycling
at a center in Port-au-Prince,
at a center in Port-au-Prince,
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她在太子港的回收中心提供回收垃圾时
10:05
and her mother could withdraw
cooking fuel or cash
cooking fuel or cash
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她的母亲可以在城市任何地方
用这些换取厨用燃料或者兑换现金
10:07
across the city.
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10:11
And the app adds rewards,
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这个应用也添加了回报
10:13
incentives,
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奖励
10:15
group prizes,
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小组奖励
10:17
user rating.
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用户排名
10:20
We've gamified recycling.
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我们将回收活动游戏化
10:23
We add fun and formality
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我们让这个未成型的产业
10:26
into an informal industry.
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变得有趣和正式起来
10:31
We're operating in Haiti
and the Philippines.
and the Philippines.
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我们在海地和菲律宾设有运营处
10:34
We've selected staff
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我们为巴西挑选了员工
10:36
and partners for Brazil.
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与合作伙伴
10:39
And this year, we're committing
to India and Ethiopia.
to India and Ethiopia.
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今年 我们承诺进入印度和埃塞俄比亚
10:44
We're collecting hundreds
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我们正在收集成百上千吨塑料
我们正在收集成百上千吨塑料
10:46
and hundreds of tons of material.
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10:49
We continue to add partners
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我们持续增加合作伙伴
10:51
and customers,
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扩展更多用户
10:55
and we increase our collection
volumes every day.
volumes every day.
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收集到的塑料数量每天都在增加
10:59
Now as a result
of our program with Henkel,
of our program with Henkel,
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通过与汉高公司合作项目
11:02
they've committed to use
over 100 million kilograms
over 100 million kilograms
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他们已承诺每年使用1亿公斤以上的回收塑料
11:06
of material every year.
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他们已承诺每年使用1亿公斤以上的回收塑料
11:10
That alone will put
hundreds of millions of dollars
hundreds of millions of dollars
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仅这一项就可以使
11:13
into the hands of the poor
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新兴经济体中的贫困人群
获得数亿美元
11:15
in the emerging economies.
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11:20
And so now,
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因此如今
11:22
we can all
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我们所有人
11:25
be a part of the solution
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都可以成为解决污染的一员
11:27
and not the pollution.
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而不是制造污染的一员
11:31
And so, OK, maybe
cleaning the ocean is futile.
cleaning the ocean is futile.
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也许清理海洋是无用功
11:35
It might be.
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也许真是这样
11:37
But preventing ocean plastic
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但是防止海洋遭到塑料污染
11:40
could be humanity's richest opportunity.
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也许是人类最宝贵的机会
11:45
Thank you.
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谢谢大家
11:46
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Katz - Plastics alchemistDavid is founder and CEO of The Plastic Bank, the world’s only organization to monetize plastic waste and provide an opportunity for the world's disadvantaged to collect and trade plastic waste as a currency.
Why you should listen
David Katz is the founder and CEO of The Plastic Bank, an internationally recognized solution to ocean plastic. The Plastic Bank is a global network of micro-recycling markets that empower the poor to transcend poverty by cleaning the environment. It's an eco-system that provides an opportunity for the world to collect and trade plastic waste as a currency. Global partners include IBM, Shell Energy and Henkel.
Katz is the recipient of the 2017 United Nations Lighthouse award for Planetary Health, recipient of the Paris Climate Conference Sustainia community award, is the Past President of the Vancouver Chapter of the Entrepreneurs’ Organization (EO), and named the Entrepreneur Organizations, Global Citizen. He has also been named one of the world’s most compassionate entrepreneurs by Salt magazine.
His humanitarian work has earned him international recognition. Katz has been featured in Forbes, TIME Magazine, Fast Company and National Geographic. He's featured in an award-winning documentary and starred in an international reality television show. David is a steward of the earth and a champion for the poor.
David Katz | Speaker | TED.com