TED@IBM
David Katz: The surprising solution to ocean plastic
大衛凱茲: 出人意表的海洋塑膠解決方案
Filmed:
Readability: 4.7
1,901,240 views
凱茲問：「我們能否解決海洋塑膠污染的問題，同時終結極端的貧困？」那是塑膠銀行深具野心的目標：一間全球連鎖的商店，裡面所有的商品──從學費、做菜燃料，到許多其他品項──都可以用塑膠垃圾來交易。這些塑膠垃圾會被分類、切碎，並賣給承諾在產品中使用「社會塑膠」的品牌。來更深入了解完封循環經濟迴圈的一步。凱茲認為「預防塑膠進入海洋可能是人類的最佳機會。」
David Katz - Plastics alchemist
David is founder and CEO of The Plastic Bank, the world’s only organization to monetize plastic waste and provide an opportunity for the world's disadvantaged to collect and trade plastic waste as a currency. Full bio
David is founder and CEO of The Plastic Bank, the world’s only organization to monetize plastic waste and provide an opportunity for the world's disadvantaged to collect and trade plastic waste as a currency. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
We've had it all wrong.
0
902
2431
我們完全搞錯了。
00:16
Everybody.
1
4379
1150
各位。
00:17
We've had it all wrong.
2
5960
1391
我們完全搞錯了。
00:20
The very last thing we need to do
3
8508
2086
我們最不得已才要做的事
00:23
is clean the ocean.
4
11515
1267
是清理海洋。
00:26
Very last.
5
14054
1175
最不得已的。
00:28
Yeah, there is a garbage truck of plastic
6
16007
2978
是的，有載著塑膠的垃圾車
00:32
entering the ocean
7
20166
1200
向海洋傾倒，
每一天的
00:34
every minute
8
22125
1150
每小時每分鐘都有。
00:35
of every hour of every day.
9
23807
1733
00:39
And countless birds and animals
10
27180
2119
數不清的鳥類和動物
00:41
are dying just from encountering plastic.
11
29323
2468
僅僅因為遇到塑膠就死亡。
00:46
We are experiencing
the fastest rate of extinction ever,
the fastest rate of extinction ever,
12
34037
3540
我們正在經歷史上最快速的絕種，
00:50
and plastic is in the food chain.
13
38132
2119
而塑膠是食物鏈的一環。
00:53
And I'm still here,
standing in front of you,
standing in front of you,
14
41672
2139
而我仍然在這裡
站在各位面前告訴你們，
站在各位面前告訴你們，
我們最不得已才要做的事
00:55
telling you the very last
thing we need to do
thing we need to do
15
43835
2118
00:59
is clean the ocean.
16
47109
1267
是清理海洋。
01:01
Very last.
17
49331
1266
最不得已的。
01:05
If you were to walk into a kitchen,
18
53564
1857
如果你走進一間廚房，
01:08
sink overflowing,
19
56477
1150
水槽已經滿溢，
01:10
water spilling all over the floor,
20
58889
1984
水灑得滿地都是，
01:12
soaking into the walls,
21
60897
1534
讓牆壁濕透了，
01:14
you had to think fast,
you're going to panic;
you're going to panic;
22
62768
2166
你得要快速思考，你很驚慌；
01:17
you've got a bucket, a mop or a plunger.
23
65411
2666
你有一個桶子、一支拖把、
一支通水吸把。
一支通水吸把。
01:20
What do you do first?
24
68474
1400
你會先做什麼？
01:23
Why don't we turn off the tap?
25
71531
1762
為什麼不先把水龍頭關了？
01:26
It would be pointless to mop
26
74920
1952
拖地、通水管，
或把水舀出來是沒意義的，
01:28
or plunge or scoop up the water
27
76896
2067
01:31
if we don't turn off the tap first.
28
79381
2333
除非我們先把水龍頭關掉。
01:35
Why aren't we doing the same
for the ocean?
for the ocean?
29
83693
2031
對於海洋，我們為何不這樣做？
01:38
Even if the Ocean Cleanup project,
30
86986
2200
即使是「海洋清理」計畫、
01:43
beach plastic recycling programs
31
91846
1985
海灘塑膠回收方案，
01:47
or any well-meaning
32
95768
1414
或任何善心的海洋塑膠公司
01:50
ocean plastic company
33
98164
2596
01:53
was a hundred percent successful,
34
101442
1869
能夠做到百分之百成功，
01:56
it would still be too little, too late.
35
104538
2420
這貢獻還是太渺小、太遲了。
02:01
We're trending to produce
over 300 million ton
over 300 million ton
36
109315
3609
我們的趨勢是今年
會產生出三億噸的塑膠。
會產生出三億噸的塑膠。
02:05
of plastic this year.
37
113930
1400
02:09
Roughly eight million ton
38
117272
2051
大約有八百萬噸塑膠
02:12
are racing to flow into the ocean
39
120541
2354
在全速流入海洋中，
02:14
to join the estimated
150 million ton already there.
150 million ton already there.
40
122919
4453
去加入已經在海洋裡的塑膠，
估計有一億五千萬噸。
估計有一億五千萬噸。
02:21
Reportedly, 80 percent of ocean plastic
41
129765
2483
據報導，海洋塑膠有 80%
02:26
is coming from those countries
that have extreme poverty.
that have extreme poverty.
42
134498
3301
是來自極度貧窮的那些國家。
02:31
And if you live in the grips of poverty
43
139466
2412
如果你的生活十分貧窮，
02:34
concerned, always, about food
44
142823
2872
總是要擔心食物、
02:38
or shelter
45
146704
1150
避風遮雨的地方
02:40
or a sense of security,
46
148846
1533
或安全感，
02:43
recycling --
47
151750
1150
那麼回收
02:45
it's beyond your realm of imagination.
48
153393
2137
完全在你想像之外。
02:50
And that is exactly why
49
158123
2794
那正是為什麼
02:54
I created the Plastic Bank.
50
162155
2415
我創立了「塑膠銀行」。
02:58
We are the world's largest chain of stores
51
166136
2346
我們是世界上為赤貧者
開設的最大連鎖店，
開設的最大連鎖店，
03:00
for the ultra-poor,
52
168506
1431
03:04
where everything in the store
is available to be purchased
is available to be purchased
53
172030
3063
店中的所有商品，
都可以用塑膠垃圾購買。
03:07
using plastic garbage.
54
175117
2140
03:09
Everything.
55
177925
1167
所有商品。
03:11
School tuition.
56
179704
1150
學費、
03:13
Medical insurance.
57
181514
1200
醫療保險、
03:15
Wi-Fi, cell phone minutes, power.
58
183593
2380
無線網路、手機通話時間、電力。
03:18
Sustainable cooking fuel,
high-efficiency stoves.
high-efficiency stoves.
59
186442
2730
永續的作菜用燃料、高效能爐子。
03:23
And we keep wanting to add everything else
60
191228
2322
我們不斷想要納入其他東西，
03:25
that the world may need and can't afford.
61
193574
3721
世界可能需要卻負擔不起的東西。
03:32
Our chain of stores in Haiti
are more like community centers,
are more like community centers,
62
200395
2880
我們在海地的連鎖商店，
比較像是社區中心，
比較像是社區中心，
03:38
where one of our collectors,
63
206173
1428
我們的收集者之一，
03:40
Lise Nasis,
64
208339
1150
莉西納希絲，
03:43
has the opportunity to earn a living
65
211791
1872
有機會靠自己謀生，
03:46
by collecting material from door to door,
66
214228
2174
她挨家挨戶收集材料，
03:49
from the streets,
67
217720
1460
到街上撿拾，
03:51
from business to business.
68
219204
1381
去各企業回收。
03:54
And at the end of her day,
she gets to bring the material back to us,
she gets to bring the material back to us,
69
222363
3312
在每天結束時，她把
這些材料帶回來給我們，
這些材料帶回來給我們，
03:58
where we weigh it,
we check it for quality,
we check it for quality,
70
226236
2301
我們會秤重，確認品質，
04:00
and we transfer the value
into her account.
into her account.
71
228934
2627
然後把相應的價值
轉帳到她的帳戶中。
轉帳到她的帳戶中。
04:07
Lise now has a steady,
72
235704
2000
莉西現在有穩定、
04:10
reliable source of income.
73
238386
2183
可靠的收入來源，
04:14
And that value we transfer
into an online account for her.
into an online account for her.
74
242784
3592
是我們轉到她線上帳戶裏頭的。
04:19
And because it's a savings account,
it becomes an asset
it becomes an asset
75
247879
3294
因為是儲蓄帳戶，它成了資產，
04:23
that she can borrow against.
76
251197
1867
她可以用來借錢。
04:25
And because it's online,
77
253768
1508
且因為是線上的帳戶，
04:29
she has security against robbery,
78
257498
1912
能安全不會被搶劫，
04:32
and I think more importantly,
79
260656
1786
並且我認為更重要的是
04:35
she has a new sense of worth.
80
263442
1484
她有了新的價值感。
04:37
And even the plastic
81
265890
1595
即使塑膠
04:39
has a new sense of value.
82
267509
2225
也有了新的價值。
04:45
Hm.
83
273921
1175
嗯。
04:48
And that plastic we collect,
84
276863
1650
我們收集塑膠，
04:51
and we add value to,
85
279942
1334
我們把價值加上去，
04:56
we sort it,
86
284684
1364
我們將之分類，
04:58
we remove labels,
87
286072
1150
我們除去標籤，
05:00
we remove caps.
88
288009
1150
我們除去蓋子。
05:04
We either shred it
89
292303
1200
我們甚至將之切碎，
05:06
or we pack it into bales
and get it ready for export.
and get it ready for export.
90
294561
2666
或是打包成一大包，準備出口。
05:12
Now, it's no different
than walking over acres of diamonds.
than walking over acres of diamonds.
91
300370
3397
這和走過一片鑽石地沒有什麼差別。
05:17
If Lise was to walk over acres of diamonds
92
305093
2683
如果莉西走過一片鑽石地，
05:19
but there was no store, no bank,
93
307800
2031
但沒有商店、沒有銀行、
05:21
no way to use the diamonds,
no way to exchange them,
no way to exchange them,
94
309855
2965
沒有可以使用、交易鑽石的方式，
05:25
they'd be worthless, too.
95
313855
1428
那麼鑽石也沒有價值。
05:29
And Lise was widowed
96
317934
2199
莉西的先生過世了，
05:32
after the 2010 Haitian earthquake,
97
320157
2007
死於 2010 年的海地地震，
之後她無家可歸也沒有收入。
05:35
left homeless without an income.
98
323768
1547
05:37
And as a result of the program,
99
325339
2000
因為這項計畫，
05:40
Lise can afford her two
daughters' school tuition
daughters' school tuition
100
328268
2412
莉西能負擔得起兩個女兒的學費
05:43
and uniforms.
101
331736
1150
以及制服。
05:46
Now, that plastic
102
334911
1150
那些塑膠會被我們賣掉。
05:49
we sell.
103
337213
1150
05:53
We sell it to suppliers of great brands
104
341276
2920
被我們賣給像馬莎百貨之類
大品牌的供應商，
大品牌的供應商，
05:56
like Marks and Spencer,
105
344220
1738
05:57
who have commissioned
the use of social plastic
the use of social plastic
106
345982
2619
他們被委以將社會塑膠
06:01
in their products.
107
349815
1200
用在他們的產品中。
06:04
Or like Henkel,
108
352759
1389
或像漢高公司，
06:06
the German consumer-goods company,
109
354172
1848
它是一間德國的消費品公司，
06:09
who are using social plastic
directly into their manufacturing.
directly into their manufacturing.
110
357767
3586
他們在製造過程直接使用社會塑膠。
06:13
We've closed the loop
111
361377
1611
我們已完封了循環經濟的迴圈。
06:16
in the circular economy.
112
364196
1404
06:20
Now buy shampoo
113
368259
1865
現在，去買洗髮精
06:23
or laundry detergent
114
371101
1333
或衣服洗滌劑，
06:24
that has social plastic packaging,
115
372950
2200
且是用社會塑膠包裝的，
06:28
and you are indirectly contributing
116
376220
2095
那麼你就間接做出貢獻，
06:30
to the extraction of plastic
from ocean-bound waterways
from ocean-bound waterways
117
378339
3226
協助將塑膠從與流向海的水路取出，
06:34
and alleviating poverty
118
382187
1466
同時也協助減少貧困。
06:36
at the same time.
119
384091
1150
06:39
And that model
120
387488
1150
而那個模型
06:41
is completely replicable.
121
389083
1867
是完全可以複製的。
06:44
In São Paulo,
122
392379
1150
在聖保羅，
06:46
a church sermon encourages parishioners
123
394538
1872
有場教堂佈道鼓勵教區居民
06:48
to not just bring offering on Sunday,
124
396434
2222
在星期日不只帶來貢品，
06:50
but the recycling, too.
125
398680
1422
也要帶來回收品。
06:53
We then match the church with the poor.
126
401561
2055
我們接著把教堂和貧窮人配對，
06:56
Or, I believe more powerfully,
127
404577
1452
或，我相信更有力的做法是
06:58
we could match a mosque in London
with an impoverished church in Cairo.
with an impoverished church in Cairo.
128
406053
3488
我們可以把倫敦的一間清真寺
和一間開羅的窮困教堂配對。
和一間開羅的窮困教堂配對。
07:02
Or like in Vancouver,
129
410792
1400
或是像在溫哥華，
07:04
with our bottle-deposit program:
130
412919
1904
有我們的瓶子存款計畫：
07:07
now any individual
131
415395
1200
現在，任何個人
07:09
or any group
132
417482
1150
或任何團體
07:11
can now return
133
419371
1163
現在能夠歸還
07:12
their deposit-refundable recyclables,
134
420558
2375
可退還存款的回收物資，
07:15
and instead of taking back the cash,
135
423300
2055
但他們不拿回現金，
07:18
they have the opportunity
to deposit that value
to deposit that value
136
426060
2350
而是可以把那價值存入
07:20
into the account of the poor
around the world.
around the world.
137
428434
2921
世界各地窮人的帳戶中。
07:24
We can now use our recycling
138
432776
1866
現在能用我們的回收
07:27
to support and create recyclers.
139
435093
2262
來支援和創造回收者。
07:30
One bottle deposited at home
140
438688
2023
在此地存入一個瓶子
07:33
could help extract
hundreds around the world.
hundreds around the world.
141
441100
2128
能協助促成世界各地
回收數百個瓶子。
回收數百個瓶子。
07:37
Or, like Shell,
142
445193
1896
或，像殼牌這間能源公司，
07:39
the energy company,
143
447518
1267
07:41
who's invested in our
plastic-neutral program.
plastic-neutral program.
144
449581
2968
投資了我們的「塑膠中和」計畫。
07:44
Plastic neutrality is like carbon-neutral.
145
452927
2800
塑膠中和就像是碳中和。
07:48
But plastic neutrality invests
in recycling infrastructure
in recycling infrastructure
146
456927
3657
但塑膠中和則是在
沒有回收基礎設施的地方
沒有回收基礎設施的地方
07:52
where it doesn't exist.
147
460608
1284
投資回收的基礎設施。
07:55
And it provides an incentive for the poor
148
463379
2169
它提供優惠給窮人，
07:57
by providing a price increase.
149
465886
1485
方式就是漲價。
08:00
Or --
150
468786
1150
或者
08:02
like in the slums of Manila,
151
470349
1635
像馬尼拉的貧民窟，
08:04
where the smallest market
152
472888
2568
在那裡，最小的市場，
08:08
with a simple scale and a phone
153
476929
2264
即使只有簡單的磅秤和一具電話，
08:11
can now accept social plastic
154
479569
1933
現在也能接受用社會塑膠
08:13
as a new form of payment by weight,
155
481886
2333
秤重量來當作新的付款方式，
08:16
allowing them to serve more people
156
484831
2222
這樣就能服務更多人，
08:20
and have their own greater social impact.
157
488870
2547
並有更大的社會影響力。
08:25
And what's common here
158
493267
1467
這裡的共通性是，
08:29
is that social plastic
159
497387
1635
社會塑膠就是錢。
08:31
is money.
160
499688
1150
08:33
Social plastic is money,
161
501704
1972
社會塑膠就是錢，
08:36
a globally recognizable and tradable
currency that, when used,
currency that, when used,
162
504949
3906
是一種全球認可、用來交易的貨幣，
用它能夠減輕貧困，
08:40
alleviates poverty
and cleans the environment
and cleans the environment
163
508879
2701
同時也清理了環境。
08:43
at the same time.
164
511604
1761
08:47
It's not just plastic.
165
515825
1467
它不只是塑膠。
08:49
It's not recycled plastic,
it's social plastic,
it's social plastic,
166
517904
2620
它不是回收塑膠而是社會塑膠，
08:53
a material whose value is transferred
167
521943
2173
其價值透過
08:56
through the lives
of the people who encounter it,
of the people who encounter it,
168
524140
2684
撿拾它的人的生命而轉化，
不論他們是貧是富。
08:59
rich and poor.
169
527259
2139
09:04
Humans have produced
170
532347
1333
人類已經產生出了
09:05
over eight trillion kilograms of plastic,
171
533704
3144
超過八兆公斤的塑膠，
09:08
most of it still here as waste.
172
536872
2432
大部分還被當作廢棄物。
09:12
Eight trillion kilograms.
173
540006
1770
八兆公斤。
09:13
Worth roughly 50 cents a kilo,
174
541800
2082
一公斤大約值五十分錢，
09:17
we're potentially unleashing
a four-trillion-dollar value.
a four-trillion-dollar value.
175
545323
4607
有能夠釋出四兆美元價值的潛力。
09:23
See, I see social plastic
176
551966
1733
我把社會塑膠視為
09:26
as the Bitcoin for the earth --
177
554466
1781
地球的比特幣，
09:28
(Laughter)
178
556828
1042
（笑聲）
09:29
and available for everyone.
179
557894
1986
且人人可取得。
09:37
Now the entire ecosystem
is managed and supported
is managed and supported
180
565908
2875
現在，整個生態系統都是透過
09:40
through an online banking platform
181
568807
2171
線上銀行平台來管理和支援，
09:44
that provides for the safe,
authentic transfer of value globally.
authentic transfer of value globally.
182
572472
3795
這個平台提供安全且
真實的全球價值轉移。
真實的全球價值轉移。
09:49
You can now deposit your recyclables
in Vancouver or Berlin,
in Vancouver or Berlin,
183
577310
3302
你可以在溫哥華或柏林
存入回收的資源，
存入回收的資源，
09:53
and a family could withdraw
building bricks or cell phone minutes
building bricks or cell phone minutes
184
581065
3660
某一家人能從馬尼拉的
貧民窟提領建築磚塊
貧民窟提領建築磚塊
或手機通話的時間。
09:57
in the slums of Manila.
185
585152
1268
09:59
Or Lise --
186
587398
1150
或，莉西──
10:02
she could deposit recycling
at a center in Port-au-Prince,
at a center in Port-au-Prince,
187
590358
2778
她可以在太子港的
一間回收中心存入資源，
一間回收中心存入資源，
10:05
and her mother could withdraw
cooking fuel or cash
cooking fuel or cash
188
593160
2563
她母親可以在城市另一頭
提領做菜的燃料或現金。
10:07
across the city.
189
595747
1150
10:11
And the app adds rewards,
190
599149
2243
手機應用程式增加了獎賞、
10:13
incentives,
191
601776
1150
優惠、
10:15
group prizes,
192
603553
1236
團體獎品、
10:17
user rating.
193
605696
1150
使用者評價。
10:20
We've gamified recycling.
194
608708
1658
我們把回收給遊戲化了。
10:23
We add fun and formality
195
611374
2316
我們將樂趣和正式性加入了
10:26
into an informal industry.
196
614566
1559
一個非正式的產業中。
10:31
We're operating in Haiti
and the Philippines.
and the Philippines.
197
619271
2193
我們在海地和菲律賓營運，
10:34
We've selected staff
198
622867
1282
我們為巴西篩選員工和合作夥伴。
10:36
and partners for Brazil.
199
624858
1984
10:39
And this year, we're committing
to India and Ethiopia.
to India and Ethiopia.
200
627301
2890
今年，我們會投入印度和衣索比亞。
10:44
We're collecting hundreds
201
632198
1667
我們在收集數百噸的材料。
10:46
and hundreds of tons of material.
202
634738
1928
10:49
We continue to add partners
203
637261
1800
我們持續增加合作夥伴
10:51
and customers,
204
639944
1150
和客戶，
10:55
and we increase our collection
volumes every day.
volumes every day.
205
643332
2863
且我們每天的收集量都在上升。
10:59
Now as a result
of our program with Henkel,
of our program with Henkel,
206
647007
2285
我們和漢高公司合作的計畫的結果，
11:02
they've committed to use
over 100 million kilograms
over 100 million kilograms
207
650047
4285
他們已承諾每年要使用超過
11:06
of material every year.
208
654356
2559
一億公斤的回收材料。
11:10
That alone will put
hundreds of millions of dollars
hundreds of millions of dollars
209
658617
2651
光是這樣，就能把數億美元交到
11:13
into the hands of the poor
210
661292
1733
新興經濟體中的窮人手中。
11:15
in the emerging economies.
211
663434
1516
11:20
And so now,
212
668759
1150
所以，現在，
11:22
we can all
213
670751
1150
我們所有人都可以
11:25
be a part of the solution
214
673236
1667
成為解決方案的一部分，
11:27
and not the pollution.
215
675640
1400
而非污染的一部分。
11:31
And so, OK, maybe
cleaning the ocean is futile.
cleaning the ocean is futile.
216
679145
3638
所以也許清理海洋是徒勞無益的。
11:35
It might be.
217
683407
1150
有可能。
11:37
But preventing ocean plastic
218
685812
1954
而預防塑膠進入海洋
11:40
could be humanity's richest opportunity.
219
688560
2600
卻有可能是人類的最佳機會。
11:45
Thank you.
220
693084
1274
謝謝。
11:46
(Applause)
221
694382
5538
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Katz - Plastics alchemistDavid is founder and CEO of The Plastic Bank, the world’s only organization to monetize plastic waste and provide an opportunity for the world's disadvantaged to collect and trade plastic waste as a currency.
Why you should listen
David Katz is the founder and CEO of The Plastic Bank, an internationally recognized solution to ocean plastic. The Plastic Bank is a global network of micro-recycling markets that empower the poor to transcend poverty by cleaning the environment. It's an eco-system that provides an opportunity for the world to collect and trade plastic waste as a currency. Global partners include IBM, Shell Energy and Henkel.
Katz is the recipient of the 2017 United Nations Lighthouse award for Planetary Health, recipient of the Paris Climate Conference Sustainia community award, is the Past President of the Vancouver Chapter of the Entrepreneurs’ Organization (EO), and named the Entrepreneur Organizations, Global Citizen. He has also been named one of the world’s most compassionate entrepreneurs by Salt magazine.
His humanitarian work has earned him international recognition. Katz has been featured in Forbes, TIME Magazine, Fast Company and National Geographic. He's featured in an award-winning documentary and starred in an international reality television show. David is a steward of the earth and a champion for the poor.
David Katz | Speaker | TED.com