TED2019
Safeena Husain: A bold plan to empower 1.6 million out-of-school girls in India
莎菲娜 胡珊: 教育印度一百六十萬名沒就學女孩的大膽計畫
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Readability: 3.9
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社會企業家莎菲娜 胡珊說：「我們擁有最接近靈丹的，就是女子教育，可以協助解決世界上一些最棘手的問題。」在這場很有遠景的演說中，她分享了她的計畫，打算要在接下來的五年間讓 160 萬名女孩登記就學－結合了先進的分析和挨家挨戶社區參與，為印度的女孩們創造出新的教育途徑。（這項很有野心的計畫是 TED 用來鼓勵和資助全球改變的大膽專案之一。）
Safeena Husain - Social entrepreneur
Safeena Husain has worked extensively with rural and urban underserved communities in South America, Africa and Asia. After returning to India, she chose the agenda closest to her heart -- girls' education -- and founded Educate Girls. Full bio
Safeena Husain has worked extensively with rural and urban underserved communities in South America, Africa and Asia. After returning to India, she chose the agenda closest to her heart -- girls' education -- and founded Educate Girls. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
The world today has many problems.
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現今的世界有許多問題。
00:16
And they're all very complicated
and interconnected and difficult.
and interconnected and difficult.
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它們非常複雜、有相互關係，
且不好處理。
00:22
But there is something we can do.
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但仍然有我們能做的。
00:24
I believe
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我相信，
00:25
that girls' education is the closest thing
we have to a silver bullet
we have to a silver bullet
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我們擁有最接近靈丹的
就是女子教育，
就是女子教育，
00:30
to help solve some of the world's
most difficult problems.
most difficult problems.
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可以協助解決世界上
一些最棘手的問題。
一些最棘手的問題。
00:35
But you don't have to take my word for it.
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但，各位不一定要相信我的話。
00:37
The World Bank says
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世界銀行說，
00:38
that girls' education
is one of the best investments
is one of the best investments
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女子教育是一個國家
所能做出的最佳投資之一。
所能做出的最佳投資之一。
00:42
that a country can make.
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00:44
It helps to positively impact
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女子教育能正面影響
00:46
nine of the 17 Sustainable
Development Goals.
Development Goals.
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十七個永續發展目標中的九個。
00:50
Everything from health,
nutrition, employment --
nutrition, employment --
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從健康、營養、就業——
00:54
all of these are positively impacted
when girls are educated.
when girls are educated.
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當女孩們能接受教育，
對所有這些都有正面的影響。
對所有這些都有正面的影響。
00:59
Additionally, climate scientists
have recently rated girls' education
have recently rated girls' education
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此外，根據最近氣候科學家的評分，
逆轉全球暖化的八十項行動中，
01:04
at number six out of 80 actions
to reverse global warming.
to reverse global warming.
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女子教育排名第六。
01:10
At number six, it's rated higher
than solar panels and electric cars.
than solar panels and electric cars.
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第六名，它的名次高於
太陽能板和電動汽車。
太陽能板和電動汽車。
01:17
And that's because
when girls are educated,
when girls are educated,
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原因是，若女孩能接受教育，
01:20
they have smaller families,
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她們的家庭會比較小，
01:22
and the resulting reduction in population
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造成人口下降，
01:25
reduces carbon emissions significantly.
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顯著減少碳排放。
01:30
But more than that, you know,
it's a problem we have to solve once.
it's a problem we have to solve once.
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但，不僅如此， 它是我們
遲早得解決的問題。
遲早得解決的問題。
01:34
Because an educated mother
is more than twice as likely
is more than twice as likely
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因為受過教育的母親，
去教育她孩子的可能性是兩倍以上。
01:39
to educate her children.
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01:41
Which means that by doing it once,
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這意味著只要做到女子教育，
01:43
we can close the gender
and literacy gap forever.
and literacy gap forever.
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就能夠永遠縮短
姓別和識字的差距。
姓別和識字的差距。
01:47
I work in India,
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我在印度工作，
01:48
which has made incredible progress
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印度已經有很大的進展，
01:51
in bringing elementary education for all.
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將教育普及到所有人。
01:54
However, we still have
four million out-of-school girls,
four million out-of-school girls,
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然而，我們仍然有
四百萬名沒有就學的女孩，
四百萬名沒有就學的女孩，
01:58
one of the highest in the world.
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在世界名列前茅。
02:01
And girls are out of school
because of, obviously poverty,
because of, obviously poverty,
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很顯然，這些女孩沒有
上學的原因是貧困、
上學的原因是貧困、
02:05
social, cultural factors.
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社會、文化因素。
02:07
But there's also this
underlying factor of mindset.
underlying factor of mindset.
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但背後還有一個心態的因素。
02:12
I have met a girl
whose name was Naraaz Nath.
whose name was Naraaz Nath.
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我認識一個女孩，
叫做娜拉茲 納斯。
叫做娜拉茲 納斯。
02:15
Naaraaz means angry.
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娜拉茲的意思是憤怒。
02:17
And when I asked her,
"Why is your name 'angry'?"
"Why is your name 'angry'?"
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我問她：「為什麼
妳被取名為『憤怒』」？
妳被取名為『憤怒』」？
02:20
she said, "Because everybody
was so angry when a girl was born."
was so angry when a girl was born."
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她說：「因為當生出的孩子
是女孩時，大家都很憤怒。」
是女孩時，大家都很憤怒。」
02:26
Another girl called Antim Bala,
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另一位女孩，叫做安婷 巴拉，
02:28
which means the last girl.
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意思是最後一個女孩。
02:30
Because everybody hoped
that would be the last girl to be born.
that would be the last girl to be born.
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因為大家都希望之後
不要再生女孩了。
不要再生女孩了。
02:35
A girl called Aachuki.
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有一位女孩叫艾茱奇，
02:38
It means somebody who has arrived.
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意思是到來的人。
02:40
Not wanted, but arrived.
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不是想要的，但就是到來了。
02:43
And it is this mindset
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就是這種心態
02:45
that keeps girls from school
or completing their education.
or completing their education.
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讓女孩無法就學或無法完成學業。
他們相信羊是資產，女孩是債務。
02:49
It's this belief that a goat is an asset
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02:52
and a girl is a liability.
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02:56
My organization Educate Girls
works to change this.
works to change this.
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我的組織「教育女子」
致力於改變這一點。
致力於改變這一點。
我們在一些最難處理、鄉下、
偏遠的部落村莊中努力。
偏遠的部落村莊中努力。
03:00
And we work in some
of the most difficult, rural,
of the most difficult, rural,
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03:03
remote and tribal villages.
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03:06
And how do we do it?
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我們怎麼做？
03:07
We first and foremost find
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我們最首要的第一步，
03:09
young, passionate, educated youth
from the same villages.
from the same villages.
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是在該村落中找到年輕、
有熱情、受過教育的年輕人。
有熱情、受過教育的年輕人。
03:14
Both men and women.
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男女皆可。
03:16
And we call them Team Balika,
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我們稱他們為 Balika（小女孩）團隊，
03:17
balika just means the girl child,
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03:19
so this is a team that we are creating
for the girl child.
for the girl child.
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這是我們為了小女孩建立的團隊。
03:23
And so once we recruit
our community volunteers,
our community volunteers,
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在我們招募到了社區志工之後，
03:26
we train them, we mentor them,
we hand-hold them.
we hand-hold them.
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我們會訓練、指導、一步步帶領他們。
03:30
That's when our work starts.
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我們的工作就此開始。
03:32
And the first piece we do
is about identifying every single girl
is about identifying every single girl
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我們做的第一件事，
是找出每一個沒有上學的女孩。
03:36
who's not going to school.
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03:38
But the way we do it
is a little different and high-tech,
is a little different and high-tech,
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但我們的做法有點不同，
且用到高科技，
且用到高科技，
03:41
at least in my view.
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至少我是這麼認為。
03:44
Each of our frontline staff
have a smartphone.
have a smartphone.
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我們的每個前線人員
都有一支智慧手機。
都有一支智慧手機。
03:47
It has its own Educate Girls app.
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上面裝有「教育女子」應用程式。
03:49
And this app has everything
that our team needs.
that our team needs.
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我們的團隊所需要的一切
都在那應用程式上。
都在那應用程式上。
03:52
It has digital maps of where
they're going to be conducting the survey,
they're going to be conducting the survey,
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它有數位地圖，引導他們
前往要進行調查的地方，
前往要進行調查的地方，
03:58
it has the survey in it,
all the questions,
all the questions,
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它也有調查功能，內含所有題目，
04:00
little guides on how best
to conduct the survey,
to conduct the survey,
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還有教導理想調查方式的小指引，
04:03
so that the data that comes to us
is in real time and is of good quality.
is in real time and is of good quality.
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這麼一來，我們收到的資料
就會是即時的高品質資料。
就會是即時的高品質資料。
04:08
So armed with this,
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有了這項武器，
04:10
our teams and our volunteers
go door-to-door
go door-to-door
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我們的團隊和志工
挨家挨戶去拜訪，
挨家挨戶去拜訪，
04:13
to every single household
to find every single girl
to find every single girl
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進到每個家庭，找到每一個
沒有入學或休學的女孩。
04:17
who may either we never enrolled
or dropped out of school.
or dropped out of school.
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04:20
And because we have this data
and technology piece,
and technology piece,
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因為我們有資料也有科技，
04:23
very quickly we can figure out
who the girls are and where they are.
who the girls are and where they are.
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我們很快就能知道
這些女孩的身分和所在。
這些女孩的身分和所在。
04:27
Because each of our
villages are geotagged,
villages are geotagged,
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因為我們的所有村落
都有地理標籤，
都有地理標籤，
04:29
and we can actually
build that information out
build that information out
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我們可以非常快速取得那些資訊。
04:32
very, very quickly.
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04:34
And so once we know where the girls are,
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一旦我們知道那些女孩在哪裡，
04:37
we actually start the process
of bringing them back into school.
of bringing them back into school.
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我們就能啟動將她們
帶回學校的流程。
帶回學校的流程。
04:40
And that actually is just
our community mobilization process,
our community mobilization process,
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那其實只是我們的社區動員流程，
04:43
it starts with village meetings,
neighborhood meetings,
neighborhood meetings,
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從村落會議和鄰里會議開始，
04:47
and as you see, individual counseling
of parents and families,
of parents and families,
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還有，各位可以看到的，
針對父母和家庭做個別諮詢，
針對父母和家庭做個別諮詢，
04:51
to be able to bring the girls
back into school.
back into school.
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目的是將女孩帶回學校。
要花的時間從幾週
到幾個月都有可能。
到幾個月都有可能。
04:53
And this can take anything
from a few weeks to a few months.
from a few weeks to a few months.
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04:59
And once we bring the girls
into the school system,
into the school system,
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一旦我們把女孩帶回到學校
體制中，我們也會和學校合作，
體制中，我們也會和學校合作，
05:02
we also work with the schools
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05:03
to make sure that schools
have all the basic infrastructure
have all the basic infrastructure
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確保學校有必要的基礎設施，
05:07
so that the girls will be able to stay.
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讓女孩能夠留在學校中。
05:09
And this would include
a separate toilet for girls,
a separate toilet for girls,
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上述的基礎設施包括
單獨給女孩使用的廁所、
單獨給女孩使用的廁所、
05:12
drinking water,
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飲用水、
05:13
things that will help them to be retained.
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能協助留住她們的東西。
05:16
But all of this would be useless
if our children weren't learning.
if our children weren't learning.
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但，如果孩子們不肯學習，
這一切都沒有用了。
這一切都沒有用了。
05:20
So we actually run a learning program.
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所以我們也執行一個學習方案。
05:23
And this is a supplementary
learning program,
learning program,
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這是一個輔助學習方案，
05:25
and it's very, very important,
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且非常非常重要，
05:28
because most of our children
are first-generation learners.
are first-generation learners.
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因為我們的孩子大部分
都是第一代學習者。
都是第一代學習者。
05:31
That means there's nobody at home
to help them with homework,
to help them with homework,
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意即，在他們家中沒人
能協助他們做功課，
能協助他們做功課，
05:34
there's nobody who can support
their education.
their education.
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沒有人能支援她們的教育。
05:37
Their parents can't read and write.
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她們的父母不會讀寫。
05:38
So it's really, really key
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所以，非常重要的是，
05:40
that we do the support
of the learning in the classrooms.
of the learning in the classrooms.
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我們要在教室中提供學習的支援。
05:44
So this is essentially our model,
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基本上，這就是我們的模型，
05:46
in terms of finding,
bringing the girls in,
bringing the girls in,
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找到女孩，帶她們過來，
05:48
making sure that
they're staying and learning.
they're staying and learning.
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確保她們會留下並學習。
05:51
And we know that our model works.
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我們知道我們的模型行得通。
05:54
And we know this because
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我們之所以知道，
是因為最近有一項隨機控制的評估，
05:56
a most recent randomized
control evaluation
control evaluation
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05:59
confirms its efficacy.
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確認了它的效益。
06:02
Our evaluator found
that over a three-year period
that over a three-year period
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我們的評估人員發現，
經過三年期之後，
經過三年期之後，
06:06
Educate Girls was able to bring back
92 percent of all out-of-school girls
92 percent of all out-of-school girls
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「教育女子」能協助
92% 未入學的女孩中回到學校。
06:11
back into school.
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06:13
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
06:20
And in terms of learning,
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在學習方面，
06:21
our children's learning
went up significantly
went up significantly
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和控制組學校相比，
我們的孩子在學習上大有進步。
06:24
as compared to control schools.
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06:26
So much so, that it was
like an additional year of schooling
like an additional year of schooling
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進步程度到了就像是一般學生
多了額外一年的學校教育一樣。
06:30
for the average student.
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06:32
And that's enormous,
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這是很大的事，想想看，
06:33
when you think about a tribal child
who's entering the school system
who's entering the school system
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一個部落孩子第一次
進入學校體制。
進入學校體制。
06:36
for the first time.
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06:39
So here we have a model that works;
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所以，我們有一個行得通的模型；
06:41
we know it's scalable,
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我們知道它還可以擴大，
06:43
because we are already functioning
at 13,000 villages.
at 13,000 villages.
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因為我們已經在
一萬三千個村落實施。
一萬三千個村落實施。
這是個聰明的模型，
因為有用到資料和科技。
因為有用到資料和科技。
06:47
We know it's smart,
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06:48
because of the use of data and technology.
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06:51
We know that it's
sustainable and systemic,
sustainable and systemic,
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我們知道它是永續的、有系統的，
06:54
because we work in partnership
with the community,
with the community,
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因為我們和社區合作，
06:57
it's actually led by the community.
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其實是由社區來主導。
06:59
And we work in partnership
with the government,
with the government,
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我們也和政府合作，
所以不會有類似的教育實行系統。
07:01
so there's no creation
of a parallel delivery system.
of a parallel delivery system.
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07:05
And so because we have
this innovative partnership
this innovative partnership
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因為我們和社區、政府
建立了創新的合作關係
07:08
with the community,
the government, this smart model,
the government, this smart model,
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來搭配這個智慧模型，
07:12
we have this big, audacious dream today.
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現今我們才會有這個無畏的大夢。
07:17
And that is to solve
a full 40 percent of the problem
a full 40 percent of the problem
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這個大夢就是要在接下來五年，
將印度女孩未就學的
問題解決掉四成。
問題解決掉四成。
07:20
of out-of-school girls in India
in the next five years.
in the next five years.
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07:24
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
07:31
And you're thinking, that's a little ...
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你們可能在想，那有點……
07:34
You know, how am I even thinking
about doing that,
about doing that,
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我怎麼會想要去做這件事，
07:37
because India is not a small place,
it's a huge country.
it's a huge country.
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因為印度不是個小地方，
它是個很大的國家。
它是個很大的國家。
07:42
It's a country of over a billion people.
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它是個人口超過十億的國家。
07:44
We have 650,000 villages.
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我們有六十五萬個村落。
07:48
How is it that I'm standing here,
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我怎麼會站在這裡宣稱
07:50
saying that one small organization
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一個小組織將會解決四成的問題？
07:52
is going to solve a full
40 percent of the problem?
40 percent of the problem?
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07:56
And that's because we have a key insight.
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那是因為我們有一項關鍵的洞見。
07:58
And that is,
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那就是，
08:00
because of our entire approach,
with data and with technology,
with data and with technology,
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因為我們的整個方法中
用了很多資料和科技，
用了很多資料和科技，
08:04
that five percent of villages in India
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我們發現，印度
有四成未就學的女孩，
有四成未就學的女孩，
08:07
have 40 percent
of the out-of-school girls.
of the out-of-school girls.
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集中在 5% 的村落中。
08:10
And this is a big,
big piece of the puzzle.
big piece of the puzzle.
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這是拼圖中很重要的一塊。
08:13
Which means, I don't have to work
across the entire country.
across the entire country.
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也就是說，我不用跑遍全國。
08:16
I have to work in those
five percent of the villages,
five percent of the villages,
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我只要把精力投在那 5% 的村落裡，
08:19
about 35,000 villages,
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約三萬五千個村落，
08:21
to actually be able to solve
a large piece of the problem.
a large piece of the problem.
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就能真的把問題解決掉一大半。
08:25
And that's really key,
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那就是關鍵，
08:27
because these villages
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因為這些村落
08:29
not only have high burden
of out-of-school girls,
of out-of-school girls,
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不僅有女孩沒就學的沉重負擔，
08:32
but also a lot of
related indicators, right,
related indicators, right,
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很多其他相關的指標也過高，
比如營養失調、發育遲緩、
08:35
like malnutrition, stunting,
poverty, infant mortality,
poverty, infant mortality,
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貧困、嬰兒死亡率、
08:41
child marriage.
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童婚。
08:42
So by working and focusing here,
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所以，把焦點放在這裡並投入心力，
08:44
you can actually create
a large multiplier effect
a large multiplier effect
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就可以真的在所有這些指標上
08:47
across all of these indicators.
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得到很大的乘數效應。
08:49
And it would mean
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意思就是，
08:51
that we would be able to bring back
1.6 million girls back into school.
1.6 million girls back into school.
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我們將能把一百六十萬名
女孩帶回學校。
女孩帶回學校。
08:56
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
09:03
I have to say, I have been
doing this for over a decade,
doing this for over a decade,
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我必須要說，我已經
在此投入了超過十年，
在此投入了超過十年，
09:07
and I have never met a girl
who said to me,
who said to me,
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至今仍然沒有遇過
有任何一位女孩會對我說：
有任何一位女孩會對我說：
09:12
you know, "I want to stay at home,"
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「我想要待在家裡。」
09:13
"I want to graze the cattle,"
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「我想要牧牛。」
09:15
"I want to look after the siblings,"
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「我想要照顧兄弟姐妹。」
09:17
"I want to be a child bride."
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「我想要當童養媳。」
09:19
Every single girl I meet
wants to go to school.
wants to go to school.
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我遇到的每一位女孩
都想要去上學。
都想要去上學。
09:24
And that's what we really want to do.
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那就是我們真正想做的事。
09:26
We want to be able to fulfill
those 1.6 million dreams.
those 1.6 million dreams.
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我們想要實現
那一百六十萬個夢想。
那一百六十萬個夢想。
09:32
And it doesn't take much.
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成本並不高。
09:33
To find and enroll a girl
with our model is about 20 dollars.
with our model is about 20 dollars.
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用我們的模型找到一名女孩
並讓她登記入學，要花大約 $20。
並讓她登記入學，要花大約 $20。
09:37
To make sure that she is learning
and providing a learning program,
and providing a learning program,
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確保她有在學習，
並提供一個學習方案，
並提供一個學習方案，
09:41
it's another 40 dollars.
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要再花 $40。
09:43
But today is the time to do it.
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但現在就是行動的時候了。
09:45
Because she is truly
the biggest asset we have.
the biggest asset we have.
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因為她是我們最大的資產。
09:49
I am Safeena Husain, and I educate girls.
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我是莎菲娜胡珊，我教育女孩。
09:53
Thank you.
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謝謝。
09:54
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Safeena Husain - Social entrepreneurSafeena Husain has worked extensively with rural and urban underserved communities in South America, Africa and Asia. After returning to India, she chose the agenda closest to her heart -- girls' education -- and founded Educate Girls.
Why you should listen
Safeena Husain is the Founder and Executive Director of Educate Girls, and she's well acquainted with the problem she's trying to solve. As a girl in Delhi, she found refuge and opportunity in her studies -- and while she later dropped out of school, a loving parent helped her to return to her education and go on to graduate from the London School of Economics. After working at a startup in Silicon Valley, Husain felt called to social impact. She led the US-based organization Child Family Health International for seven years, and in 2004, returned to India to take on the issue closest to her heart. In 2007, she launched Educate Girls in Rajasthan, a region of India where women and girls face some of the greatest disparities in the country. She has shepherded the organization through dramatic growth.
Safeena Husain | Speaker | TED.com