TED2015
Noy Thrupkaew: Human trafficking is all around you. This is how it works
Noy Thrupkaew: Trgovina ljudima svuda je oko nas, a ovako to funkcionira
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Iza svakodnevne jeftine kupovine koju svi volimo - manikure za 10 dolara, neograničenih količina škampa na švedskom stolu - nalazi se skriveni svijet prisilnog rada koji održava te niske cijene konstantnima. Noy Thrupkaew istražuje trgovinu ljudima koja cvate u SAD-u i Europi, kao i zemljama u razvoju i otkriva nam lica ljudi koji stoje iza iskorištavanja u svrhu rada koji hrani svjetske potrošače.
Noy Thrupkaew - Global journalist
Noy Thrupkaew reports on human trafficking and the economics of exploitation through the lens of labor rights. Full bio
Noy Thrupkaew reports on human trafficking and the economics of exploitation through the lens of labor rights. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
About 10 years ago, I went through
a little bit of a hard time.
a little bit of a hard time.
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Prije deset godina prolazila
sam kroz teško razdoblje.
sam kroz teško razdoblje.
00:16
So I decided to go see a therapist.
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Stoga sam odlučila otići terapeutu.
00:18
I had been seeing her for a few months,
when she looked at me one day and said,
when she looked at me one day and said,
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Nakon nekoliko mjeseci terapije
jednog me dana pogledala i rekla:
jednog me dana pogledala i rekla:
00:22
"Who actually raised you
until you were three?"
until you were three?"
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"Tko te je zapravo odgajao
do tvoje treće godine?"
do tvoje treće godine?"
00:26
Seemed like a weird question.
I said, "My parents."
I said, "My parents."
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Pitanje mi se činilo neobično.
Odgovorih: "Moji roditelji."
Odgovorih: "Moji roditelji."
00:29
And she said, "I don't think
that's actually the case;
that's actually the case;
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A ona mi je odgovorila,
"Ne vjerujem da je to tako
"Ne vjerujem da je to tako
00:33
because if it were,
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jer da jest,
00:34
we'd be dealing with things that are
far more complicated than just this."
far more complicated than just this."
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bavili bismo se s mnogo
kompliciranijim stvarima od ovih."
kompliciranijim stvarima od ovih."
00:38
It sounded like the setup to a joke,
but I knew she was serious.
but I knew she was serious.
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Činilo se kao da se šali,
no znala sam da je ozbiljna.
no znala sam da je ozbiljna.
00:42
Because when I first started seeing her,
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Kada sam tek krenula na terapiju kod nje,
00:45
I was trying to be
the funniest person in the room.
the funniest person in the room.
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trudila sam se biti
najduhovitija osoba u sobi.
najduhovitija osoba u sobi.
00:47
And I would try and crack these jokes,
but she caught on to me really quickly,
but she caught on to me really quickly,
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Pokušavala sam zbijati šale,
ali ona me odmah prokužila
ali ona me odmah prokužila
00:52
and whenever I tried to make a joke,
she would look at me and say,
she would look at me and say,
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i kada god sam se pokušala našaliti,
pogledala bi me i rekla,
pogledala bi me i rekla,
00:55
"That is actually really sad."
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"To je zapravo jako tužno."
00:58
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:00
It's terrible.
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Grozno.
01:02
So I knew I had to be serious,
and I asked my parents
and I asked my parents
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Znala sam da moram biti ozbiljna,
pa sam pitala svoje roditelje,
pa sam pitala svoje roditelje,
01:06
who had actually raised me
until I was three?
until I was three?
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tko me odgajao do moje treće godine.
01:08
And to my surprise, they said
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Na moje iznenađenje, rekli su mi
01:11
my primary caregiver had been
a distant relative of the family.
a distant relative of the family.
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da je glavna skrbnica
bila naša daljnja rođakinja.
bila naša daljnja rođakinja.
01:15
I had called her my auntie.
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Zvala sam je tetom.
01:18
I remember my auntie so clearly,
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Živo je se sjećam,
01:20
it felt like she had been part of my life
when I was much older.
when I was much older.
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činilo se kao dio mog života
i kad sam bila već mnogo odraslija.
i kad sam bila već mnogo odraslija.
01:24
I remember the thick, straight hair,
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Sjećam se guste ravne kose
01:26
and how it would come around
me like a curtain
me like a curtain
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koja bi me obavila poput zastora
01:28
when she bent to pick me up;
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kad se saginjala;
01:30
her soft, southern Thai accent;
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njezin nježan, južnotajlandski naglasak;
01:32
the way I would cling to her,
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kako bih se prilijepila uz nju,
01:34
even if she just wanted to go
to the bathroom
to the bathroom
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čak i kad je samo htjela otići na toalet
01:36
or get something to eat.
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ili nešto pojesti.
01:38
I loved her, but [with] the ferocity
that a child has sometimes
that a child has sometimes
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Voljela sam je, ali onom snagom
koju dijete ponekad ima
koju dijete ponekad ima
01:42
before she understands that love
also requires letting go.
also requires letting go.
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prije nego što shvaća da ljubav
zahtijeva i puštanje drugoga da ode.
zahtijeva i puštanje drugoga da ode.
01:48
But my clearest and sharpest
memory of my auntie,
memory of my auntie,
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No, moje najjasnije sjećanje na tetu
01:52
is also one of my first
memories of life at all.
memories of life at all.
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ujedno je i jedno od
mojih najranijih sjećanja.
mojih najranijih sjećanja.
01:56
I remember her being beaten and slapped
by another member of my family.
by another member of my family.
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Sjećam se kako ju je tukao i šamarao
jedan drugi član moje obitelji.
jedan drugi član moje obitelji.
02:01
I remember screaming hysterically
and wanting it to stop,
and wanting it to stop,
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Sjećam se kako sam histerično
vrištala, želeći da prestane,
vrištala, želeći da prestane,
02:04
as I did every single time it happened,
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kao i svaki puta kada se to dogodilo,
02:07
for things as minor as wanting
to go out with her friends,
to go out with her friends,
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zbog nebitnih stvari poput
želje da izađe s prijateljima
želje da izađe s prijateljima
02:10
or being a little late.
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ili ako je malo kasnila.
02:12
I became so hysterical over her treatment,
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Bila sam toliko histerična
zbog tog zlostavljanja
zbog tog zlostavljanja
02:15
that eventually, she was just
beaten behind closed doors.
beaten behind closed doors.
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da su je naposljetku
tukli iza zatvorenih vrata.
tukli iza zatvorenih vrata.
02:21
Things got so bad for her
that eventually she ran away.
that eventually she ran away.
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Stanje se toliko pogoršalo
da je na kraju pobjegla.
da je na kraju pobjegla.
02:25
As an adult, I learned later
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Kada sam odrasla, saznala sam
02:27
that she had been just 19
when she was brought over from Thailand
when she was brought over from Thailand
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da je imala samo 19 godina
kada su je doveli iz Tajlanda
kada su je doveli iz Tajlanda
02:31
to the States to care for me,
on a tourist visa.
on a tourist visa.
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u SAD da se brine o meni,
i to s turističkom vizom.
i to s turističkom vizom.
02:35
She wound up working
in Illinois for a time,
in Illinois for a time,
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Jedno vrijeme radila je u Illinoisu
02:37
before eventually returning to Thailand,
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dok se nije vratila na Tajland,
02:40
which is where I ran into her again,
at a political rally in Bangkok.
at a political rally in Bangkok.
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gdje sam je ponovo srela na jednom
političkom okupljanju u Bangkoku.
političkom okupljanju u Bangkoku.
02:45
I clung to her again, as I had
when I was a child,
when I was a child,
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Prilijepila sam se uz nju, kao
i onda kada sam bila dijete,
i onda kada sam bila dijete,
02:48
and I let go, and then
I promised that I would call.
I promised that I would call.
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a onda sam je pustila i
obećala da ću je nazvati.
obećala da ću je nazvati.
02:53
I never did, though.
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Ali nikad to nisam učinila.
02:55
Because I was afraid if I said
everything that she meant to me --
everything that she meant to me --
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Bojala sam se da ako joj
kažem koliko mi znači
kažem koliko mi znači
03:00
that I owed perhaps the best parts
of who I became to her care,
of who I became to her care,
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i da svoje najbolje karakteristike
dugujem njenoj brizi,
dugujem njenoj brizi,
03:05
and that the words "I'm sorry"
were like a thimble
were like a thimble
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da će riječ "oprosti" djelovati
kao jadan pokušaj
kao jadan pokušaj
03:08
to bail out all the guilt
and shame and rage I felt
and shame and rage I felt
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da se oslobodim sve krivnje,
stida i gnjeva koje sam osjećala
stida i gnjeva koje sam osjećala
03:12
over everything she had endured
to care for me for as long as she had --
to care for me for as long as she had --
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zbog svega kroz što je prolazila kako
bi se što dulje brinula o meni.
bi se što dulje brinula o meni.
03:18
I thought if I said those words to her,
I would never stop crying again.
I would never stop crying again.
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Mislila sam da više nikada neću prestati
plakati ako joj kažem tu riječ.
plakati ako joj kažem tu riječ.
03:24
Because she had saved me.
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Zato što me ona spasila,
03:26
And I had not saved her.
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a ja nisam spasila nju.
03:32
I'm a journalist, and I've been writing
and researching human trafficking
and researching human trafficking
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Ja sam novinarka, istražujem
i pišem o trgovini ljudima
i pišem o trgovini ljudima
03:36
for the past eight years or so,
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zadnjih osam godina
03:38
and even so, I never put together
this personal story
this personal story
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i usprkos tome, nisam
povezala ovu osobnu priču
povezala ovu osobnu priču
03:42
with my professional life
until pretty recently.
until pretty recently.
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sa svojim profesionalnim
životom sve donedavno.
životom sve donedavno.
03:46
I think this profound disconnect
actually symbolizes
actually symbolizes
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Mislim da to moje nepovezivanje
priča zapravo simbolizira
priča zapravo simbolizira
03:49
most of our understanding
about human trafficking.
about human trafficking.
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većinu našeg poimanja
trgovine ljudima.
trgovine ljudima.
03:52
Because human trafficking is far more
prevalent, complex and close to home
prevalent, complex and close to home
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Trgovina ljudima daleko je
rasprostranjenija, složenija i bliža nama
rasprostranjenija, složenija i bliža nama
03:58
than most of us realize.
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nego što većina nas to misli.
04:01
I spent time in jails and brothels,
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Bila sam po zatvorima i javnim kućama,
04:03
interviewed hundreds of survivors
and law enforcement, NGO workers.
and law enforcement, NGO workers.
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intervjuirala stotine preživjelih i
nevladine udruge koje provode zakone.
nevladine udruge koje provode zakone.
04:07
And when I think about what we've done
about human trafficking,
about human trafficking,
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Kad razmišljam o tome što smo
učinili u vezi trgovine ljudima,
učinili u vezi trgovine ljudima,
04:10
I am hugely disappointed.
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jako sam razočarana.
04:13
Partly because we don't even talk
about the problem right at all.
about the problem right at all.
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Dijelom zato što uopće ne razgovaramo
o tom problemu na adekvatan način.
o tom problemu na adekvatan način.
04:18
When I say "human trafficking,"
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Kada kažem "trgovina ljudima",
04:20
most of you probably don't think
about someone like my auntie.
about someone like my auntie.
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većina vas vjerojatno ne razmišlja
o nekome poput moje tete.
o nekome poput moje tete.
04:23
You probably think
about a young girl or woman,
about a young girl or woman,
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Vjerojatno mislite na
mladu djevojku ili ženu
mladu djevojku ili ženu
04:26
who's been brutally forced
into prostitution by a violent pimp.
into prostitution by a violent pimp.
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koju neki nasilni svodnik
zvjerski sili na prostituciju.
zvjerski sili na prostituciju.
04:31
That is real suffering,
and that is a real story.
and that is a real story.
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To je prava patnja i prava priča.
04:35
That story makes me angry
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Ta me priča ljuti
04:36
for far more than just the reality
of that situation, though.
of that situation, though.
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mnogo više od same
stvarnosti te situacije.
stvarnosti te situacije.
04:41
As a journalist, I really care about how
we relate to each other through language,
we relate to each other through language,
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Kao novinarki doista mi je stalo kako
se međusobno povezujemo kroz jezik
se međusobno povezujemo kroz jezik
04:46
and the way we tell that story,
with all the gory, violent detail,
with all the gory, violent detail,
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i kako pripovijedamo tu priču, sa svim
krvavim, nasilnim detaljima,
krvavim, nasilnim detaljima,
04:50
the salacious aspects -- I call that
"look at her scars" journalism.
"look at her scars" journalism.
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pornografskim aspektima, ja to zovem
novinarstvom tipa "pogledaj joj ožiljke".
novinarstvom tipa "pogledaj joj ožiljke".
04:55
We use that story to convince ourselves
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Koristimo tu priču kako
bismo sami sebe uvjerili
bismo sami sebe uvjerili
04:58
that human trafficking is a bad man
doing a bad thing to an innocent girl.
doing a bad thing to an innocent girl.
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da se trgovina ljudima svodi na zlog
muškarca koji čini zlo nevinoj djevojci.
muškarca koji čini zlo nevinoj djevojci.
05:03
That story lets us off the hook.
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Ta nas priča oslobađa krivnje.
05:05
It takes away all the societal context
that we might be indicted for,
that we might be indicted for,
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ona uklanja cijeli društveni
kontekst koji bi ukazivao na nas,
kontekst koji bi ukazivao na nas,
05:09
for the structural inequality,
or the poverty,
or the poverty,
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na nejednakost struktura ili siromaštvo,
05:11
or the barriers to migration.
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ili prepreke u migraciji.
05:13
We let ourselves think
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Dopuštamo si vjerovati
05:14
that human trafficking is only
about forced prostitution,
about forced prostitution,
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da se trgovina ljudima svodi
samo na prisilnu prostituciju,
samo na prisilnu prostituciju,
05:18
when in reality,
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a u stvarnosti
05:20
human trafficking is embedded
in our everyday lives.
in our everyday lives.
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trgovina ljudima utkana je
u našu svakodnevicu.
u našu svakodnevicu.
05:24
Let me show you what I mean.
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Pokazat ću vam na što mislim.
05:26
Forced prostitution accounts for
22 percent of human trafficking.
22 percent of human trafficking.
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Prisilna prostitucija obuhvaća
22 posto trgovine ljudima.
22 posto trgovine ljudima.
05:31
Ten percent is in state-
imposed forced labor.
imposed forced labor.
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Deset posto obuhvaća
prisilni rad koji nameće država,
prisilni rad koji nameće država,
05:35
but a whopping 68 percent
is for the purpose of creating the goods
is for the purpose of creating the goods
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no zapanjujućih 68 posto
u svrhe je stvaranja dobara
u svrhe je stvaranja dobara
05:40
and delivering the services
that most of us rely on every day,
that most of us rely on every day,
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i pružanja usluga na koje se
većina nas oslanja svaki dan,
većina nas oslanja svaki dan,
05:44
in sectors like agricultural work,
domestic work and construction.
domestic work and construction.
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u sektorima poput poljoprivrednog rada,
rada u domaćinstvu i graditeljstvu.
rada u domaćinstvu i graditeljstvu.
05:49
That is food and care and shelter.
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To su hrana, njega i sklonište.
05:53
And somehow, these most essential workers
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Nekako ti prijeko potrebni radnici
05:55
are also among the world's most underpaid
and exploited today.
and exploited today.
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također pripadaju skupini
najpotplaćenijih i najizrabljivanijih.
najpotplaćenijih i najizrabljivanijih.
06:01
Human trafficking is the use
of force, fraud or coercion
of force, fraud or coercion
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Trgovina ljudima uporaba je
sile, prijevare ili prinude
sile, prijevare ili prinude
06:05
to compel another person's labor.
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kako bi se nekoga primoralo na rad.
06:08
And it's found in cotton fields,
and coltan mines,
and coltan mines,
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Nalazimo je na poljima pamuka,
u rudnicima koltana,
u rudnicima koltana,
06:11
and even car washes in Norway and England.
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čak i u autopraonicama
u Norveškoj i Engleskoj.
u Norveškoj i Engleskoj.
06:14
It's found in U.S. military
bases in Iraq and Afghanistan.
bases in Iraq and Afghanistan.
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Nalazimo je u američkim vojnim
bazama u Iraku i Afganistanu.
bazama u Iraku i Afganistanu.
06:18
It's found in Thailand's fishing industry.
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U tajlandskoj ribljoj industriji.
06:20
That country has become the largest
exporter of shrimp in the world.
exporter of shrimp in the world.
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Ta je zemlja postala najveći
izvoznik škampa na svijetu.
izvoznik škampa na svijetu.
06:25
But what are the circumstances
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No, koje su okolnosti
06:27
behind all that cheap
and plentiful shrimp?
and plentiful shrimp?
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iza svih tih jeftinih i
obilnih količina škampa?
obilnih količina škampa?
06:31
Thai military were caught selling
Burmese and Cambodian migrants
Burmese and Cambodian migrants
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Tajlandska vojska uhvaćena je kako prodaje
burmanske i kambodžanske migrante
burmanske i kambodžanske migrante
06:35
onto fishing boats.
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na ribaricama.
06:37
Those fishing boats were taken out,
the men put to work,
the men put to work,
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Te su ribarice isplovile,
muškarce se prisililo na rad
muškarce se prisililo na rad
06:41
and they were thrown overboard
if they made the mistake of falling sick,
if they made the mistake of falling sick,
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i bacalo ih se u vodu ako
su se ogriješili razbolivši se
su se ogriješili razbolivši se
06:44
or trying to resist their treatment.
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ili pokušavajući se
oduprijeti takvu tretmanu.
oduprijeti takvu tretmanu.
06:47
Those fish were then used to feed shrimp,
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Tim su ribama potom hranili škampe.
06:49
The shrimp were then sold
to four major global retailers:
to four major global retailers:
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Škampe su zatim kupovale četiri
najveće svjetske trgovine na malo:
najveće svjetske trgovine na malo:
06:54
Costco, Tesco, Walmart and Carrefour.
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Costco, Tesco, Walmart i Carrefour.
07:01
Human trafficking is found
on a smaller scale than just that,
on a smaller scale than just that,
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Trgovinu ljudi nalazimo i u manjoj mjeri,
07:04
and in places you would
never even imagine.
never even imagine.
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i na nezamislivim mjestima .
07:07
Traffickers have forced young people
to drive ice cream trucks,
to drive ice cream trucks,
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Trgovci ljudima sile mlade
da voze kamione sa sladoledom,
da voze kamione sa sladoledom,
07:10
or to sing in touring boys' choirs.
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ili da pjevaju u dječačkim
putujućim zborovima.
putujućim zborovima.
07:12
Trafficking has even been found
in a hair braiding salon in New Jersey.
in a hair braiding salon in New Jersey.
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Čak se i u frizerskom salonu u
New Jerseyju otkrila trgovina ljudi.
New Jerseyju otkrila trgovina ljudi.
07:16
The scheme in that case was incredible.
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Plan im je bio nevjerojatan.
07:19
The traffickers found young families
who were from Ghana and Togo,
who were from Ghana and Togo,
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Trgovci ljudima nalazili su
mlade obitelji iz Gane i Togoa
mlade obitelji iz Gane i Togoa
07:25
and they told these families that
"your daughters are going to get
"your daughters are going to get
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i govorili im da će njihove kćeri dobiti
07:29
a fine education in the United States."
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dobro obrazovanje u SAD-u.
07:31
They then located winners
of the green card lottery,
of the green card lottery,
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Potom bi pronašli dobitnike
lutrije za zelenu kartu
lutrije za zelenu kartu
07:34
and they told them, "We'll help you out.
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i govorili im da će im oni pomoći.
07:37
We'll get you a plane ticket.
We'll pay your fees.
We'll pay your fees.
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Da će im nabaviti avionske
karte i platiti troškove.
karte i platiti troškove.
07:40
All you have to do is take
this young girl with you,
this young girl with you,
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Jedino su morali sa sobom
povesti tu mladu djevojku
povesti tu mladu djevojku
07:43
say that she's your sister or your spouse.
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i reći da im je to sestra ili supruga.
07:46
Once everyone arrived in New Jersey,
the young girls were taken away,
the young girls were taken away,
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Jednom kada bi svi stigli u New Jersey,
djevojke bi se odvodilo
djevojke bi se odvodilo
07:50
and put to work for 14-hour days,
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i sililo na rad od 14 sati dnevno,
07:52
seven days a week, for five years.
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svaki dan u tjednu, tijekom pet godina.
07:56
They made their traffickers
nearly four million dollars.
nearly four million dollars.
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Svojim trgovcima zaradile su
gotovo četiri milijuna dolara.
gotovo četiri milijuna dolara.
08:02
This is a huge problem.
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Ovo je ogroman problem.
08:04
So what have we done about it?
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Što smo poduzeli da ga riješimo?
08:07
We've mostly turned
to the criminal justice system.
to the criminal justice system.
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Uglavnom smo se obratili
pravnom sustavu za kriminal.
pravnom sustavu za kriminal.
08:10
But keep in mind, most victims of human
trafficking are poor and marginalized.
trafficking are poor and marginalized.
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No nemojte zaboraviti da je većina žrtava
ove trgovine siromašna i marginalizirana.
ove trgovine siromašna i marginalizirana.
08:14
They're migrants, people of color.
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To su migranti, ljudi različitih rasa.
08:16
Sometimes they're in the sex trade.
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Ponekad su upleteni u prostituciju.
08:18
And for populations like these,
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Za takve skupine
08:20
the criminal justice system is
too often part of the problem,
too often part of the problem,
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pravni sustav prečesto je dio problema
08:23
rather than the solution.
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umjesto da je rješenje.
08:26
In study after study, in countries ranging
from Bangladesh to the United States,
from Bangladesh to the United States,
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U studiji za studijom, u
zemljama od Bangladeša do SAD-a,
zemljama od Bangladeša do SAD-a,
08:31
between 20 and 60 percent of the people
in the sex trade who were surveyed
in the sex trade who were surveyed
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između 20 i 60 posto ispitanih
ljudi upletenih u prostituciju
ljudi upletenih u prostituciju
08:35
said that they had been raped or assaulted
by the police in the past year alone.
by the police in the past year alone.
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reklo je da ih je samo u protekloj godini
silovala ili napala policija.
silovala ili napala policija.
08:42
People in prostitution, including people
who have been trafficked into it,
who have been trafficked into it,
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Ljudi u prostituciji, uključujući one
koju su u nju ušli trgovinom,
koju su u nju ušli trgovinom,
08:45
regularly receive multiple
convictions for prostitution.
convictions for prostitution.
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redovito dobivaju brojne
osude za prostituciju.
osude za prostituciju.
08:49
Having that criminal record makes it
so much more difficult
so much more difficult
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Takav kriminalni dosje još više otežava
08:52
to leave poverty, leave abuse,
or leave prostitution,
or leave prostitution,
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ljudima da isplivaju iz
siromaštva, nasilja ili prostitucije
siromaštva, nasilja ili prostitucije
08:56
if that person so desires.
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ako to žele.
09:00
Workers outside of the sex sector --
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Radnici izvan tog sektora;
09:02
if they try and resist their treatment,
they risk deportation.
they risk deportation.
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ako se pokušaju obraniti od lošeg
ophođenja, riskiraju da ih se deportira.
ophođenja, riskiraju da ih se deportira.
09:07
In case after case I've studied,
employers have no problem
employers have no problem
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U svakoj studiji koju sam pročitala,
poslodavci se ne libe
poslodavci se ne libe
09:10
calling on law enforcement
to try and threaten or deport
to try and threaten or deport
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pozivati na zakon i
prijetiti ili deportirati
prijetiti ili deportirati
09:13
their striking trafficked workers.
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svoje radnike koji štrajkaju.
09:16
If those workers run away,
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Ako ti radnici pobjegnu,
09:18
they risk becoming part of the great mass
of undocumented workers
of undocumented workers
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riskiraju da postanu dijelom goleme
mase nedokumentiranih radnika
mase nedokumentiranih radnika
09:23
who are also subject to the whims
of law enforcement if they're caught.
of law enforcement if they're caught.
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koji također ovise o hirovima
pravnog sustava ako ih se uhvati.
pravnog sustava ako ih se uhvati.
09:29
Law enforcement is supposed to identify
victims and prosecute traffickers.
victims and prosecute traffickers.
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Pravni sustav trebao bi identificirati
žrtve i kazneno goniti trgovce ljudima.
žrtve i kazneno goniti trgovce ljudima.
09:36
But out of an estimated 21 million victims
of human trafficking in the world,
of human trafficking in the world,
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No, od 21 milijuna žrtava
trgovine ljudima diljem svijeta
trgovine ljudima diljem svijeta
09:40
they have helped and identified
fewer than 50,000 people.
fewer than 50,000 people.
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pomogli su i identificirali
manje od 50 tisuća ljudi.
manje od 50 tisuća ljudi.
09:45
That's like comparing
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To je kao da uspoređujemo
09:47
the population of the world
to the population of Los Angeles,
to the population of Los Angeles,
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svjetsku populaciju s
populacijom Los Angelesa,
populacijom Los Angelesa,
09:51
proportionally speaking.
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gledajući taj omjer.
09:53
As for convictions, out of an estimated
5,700 convictions in 2013,
5,700 convictions in 2013,
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Što se tiče presuda, od 5.700 presuda
donesenih 2013. godine,
donesenih 2013. godine,
10:00
fewer than 500 were for labor trafficking.
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manje od 500 bilo ih je za trgovinu radom.
10:03
Keep in mind that labor trafficking
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Imajte na umu da trgovanje radom
10:05
accounts for 68 percent
of all trafficking,
of all trafficking,
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obuhvaća 68 posto cijele trgovine,
10:08
but fewer than 10 percent
of the convictions.
of the convictions.
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no manje od 10 posto svih presuda.
10:14
I've heard one expert say that trafficking
happens where need meets greed.
happens where need meets greed.
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Jedan stručnjak rekao je da trgovina
nastaje kada se spoje potreba i pohlepa.
nastaje kada se spoje potreba i pohlepa.
10:19
I'd like to add one more element to that.
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Tome bih dodala još jedan element.
10:22
Trafficking happens in sectors where
workers are excluded from protections,
workers are excluded from protections,
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Trgovina nastaje u sektorima
gdje se radnike liši zaštite
gdje se radnike liši zaštite
10:26
and denied the right to organize.
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i prava da se organiziraju.
10:29
Trafficking doesn't happen in a vacuum.
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Trgovina ljudima ne odvija se u vakuumu.
10:32
It happens in systematically
degraded work environments.
degraded work environments.
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Odvija se u sustavno
degradirajućim radnim okruženjima.
degradirajućim radnim okruženjima.
10:37
You might be thinking,
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Mogli biste pomisliti
10:38
oh, she's talking about failed states,
or war-torn states, or --
or war-torn states, or --
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da govorim o neuređenim državama
ili zemljama koje je poharao rat,
ili zemljama koje je poharao rat,
10:41
I'm actually talking
about the United States.
about the United States.
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no ja govorim o SAD-u.
10:44
Let me tell you what that looks like.
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Objasnit ću vam kako to izgleda.
10:47
I spent many months researching
a trafficking case called Global Horizons,
a trafficking case called Global Horizons,
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Mjesecima sam istraživala slučaj trgovine
koji se zove Global Horizons
koji se zove Global Horizons
10:50
involving hundreds of Thai farm workers.
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koji uključuje stotine
tajlandskih poljodjelaca.
tajlandskih poljodjelaca.
10:53
They were sent all over the States,
to work in Hawaii pineapple plantations,
to work in Hawaii pineapple plantations,
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Slalo ih se diljem SAD-a da rade na
plantažama ananasa na Havajima,
plantažama ananasa na Havajima,
10:56
and Washington apple orchards,
and anywhere the work was needed.
and anywhere the work was needed.
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voćnjacima jabuka u Washingtonu
i svugdje gdje je posao to zahtijevao.
i svugdje gdje je posao to zahtijevao.
11:00
They were promised three years
of solid agricultural work.
of solid agricultural work.
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Obećavalo im se tri godine
sigurnog poljoprivrednog posla.
sigurnog poljoprivrednog posla.
11:04
So they made a calculated risk.
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Odlučili su se za proračunati rizik.
11:06
They sold their land, they sold
their wives' jewelry,
their wives' jewelry,
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Prodali su svoju zemlju, suprugin nakit
11:09
to make thousands in recruitment fees
for this company, Global Horizons.
for this company, Global Horizons.
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kako bi skupili tisuće za troškove
kadrovanja za tu tvrtku Global Horizons.
kadrovanja za tu tvrtku Global Horizons.
11:14
But once they were brought over,
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Međutim, jednom kada ih se dovede,
11:16
their passports were confiscated.
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oduzmu im se putovnice.
11:18
Some of the men were beaten
and held at gunpoint.
and held at gunpoint.
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Neke su muškarce tukli
i prijetili im pištoljem.
i prijetili im pištoljem.
11:21
They worked so hard
they fainted in the fields.
they fainted in the fields.
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Toliko su naporno radili da su
padali u nesvijest na poljima.
padali u nesvijest na poljima.
11:26
This case hit me so hard.
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Taj slučaj jako me pogodio.
11:29
After I came back home,
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Kada sam se vratila kući,
11:31
I was wandering through the grocery store,
and I froze in the produce department.
and I froze in the produce department.
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prolazila sam kroz trgovinu
i sledila se na odjelu voća i povrća.
i sledila se na odjelu voća i povrća.
11:36
I was remembering the over-the-top meals
the Global Horizons survivors
the Global Horizons survivors
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Sjetila sam se preobilnih jela koja bi
bivši radnici iz Global Horizonsa
bivši radnici iz Global Horizonsa
11:40
would make for me every time
I showed up to interview them.
I showed up to interview them.
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pripremili za mene svaki put
kad bih ih došla intervjuirati.
kad bih ih došla intervjuirati.
11:44
They finished one meal with this plate
of perfect, long-stemmed strawberries,
of perfect, long-stemmed strawberries,
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Jedan od tih objeda završio je tanjurom
punim savršenih jagoda s dugim peteljkama
punim savršenih jagoda s dugim peteljkama
11:49
and as they handed them to me, they said,
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i dok su mi ih davali, rekli su:
11:51
"Aren't these the kind of strawberries
you eat with somebody special
you eat with somebody special
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"Nisu li ovo jagode koje
biste jeli s nekim posebnim
biste jeli s nekim posebnim
11:55
in the States?
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u SAD-u?
11:57
And don't they taste so much better
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I zar nemaju puno bolji okus
11:58
when you know the people
whose hands picked them for you?"
whose hands picked them for you?"
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kada znate ljude čije su
ih ruke ubrale za vas?"
ih ruke ubrale za vas?"
12:06
As I stood in that grocery store weeks
later, I realized I had no idea
later, I realized I had no idea
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Dok sam tjednima kasnije stajala u tom
dućanu, sinulo mi je da nisam imala pojma
dućanu, sinulo mi je da nisam imala pojma
12:10
of who to thank for this plenty,
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kome da zahvalim za to obilje
12:12
and no idea of how
they were being treated.
they were being treated.
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niti kako se te ljude tretira.
12:15
So, like the journalist I am, I started
digging into the agricultural sector.
digging into the agricultural sector.
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Stoga sam kao prava novinarka počela
kopati po poljoprivrednom sektoru.
kopati po poljoprivrednom sektoru.
12:20
And I found there are too many fields,
and too few labor inspectors.
and too few labor inspectors.
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Saznala sam da postoji previše
područja i premalo inspektora rada.
područja i premalo inspektora rada.
12:25
I found multiple layers
of plausible deniability
of plausible deniability
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Otkrila sam višestruko
poricanje odgovornosti
poricanje odgovornosti
12:27
between grower and distributor
and processor, and God knows who else.
and processor, and God knows who else.
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između uzgajivača, distributera,
prerađivača i tko zna koga još.
prerađivača i tko zna koga još.
12:32
The Global Horizons survivors had been
brought to the States
brought to the States
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Ljudi koji su se uspjeli izvući
iz GH-a dovelo se u SAD
iz GH-a dovelo se u SAD
12:35
on a temporary guest worker program.
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na temelju programa sezonskog rada.
12:38
That guest worker program
ties a person's legal status
ties a person's legal status
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Taj program veže pravni status radnika
12:42
to his or her employer,
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uz njegova/njezina poslodavca,
12:44
and denies that worker
the right to organize.
the right to organize.
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a radnika lišava prava da se organizira.
12:48
Mind you, none of what I am describing
about this agricultural sector
about this agricultural sector
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Imajte na umu da ništa od ovoga
veznog uz poljoprivredni sektor
veznog uz poljoprivredni sektor
12:52
or the guest worker program
is actually human trafficking.
is actually human trafficking.
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ili program sezonskog rada
nije trgovina ljudima.
nije trgovina ljudima.
12:57
It is merely what we find
legally tolerable.
legally tolerable.
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To je nešto što smatramo
jedva pravno dopustivim.
jedva pravno dopustivim.
13:02
And I would argue this is
fertile ground for exploitation.
fertile ground for exploitation.
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Smatram da je ovo
plodno tlo za izrabljivanje.
plodno tlo za izrabljivanje.
13:06
And all of this had been hidden to me,
before I had tried to understand it.
before I had tried to understand it.
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Sve mi je ovo bilo skriveno, prije nego
što sam to pokušala razumjeti.
što sam to pokušala razumjeti.
13:11
I wasn't the only person
grappling with these issues.
grappling with these issues.
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Nisam bila jedina osoba koja se
borila s ovim problemima.
borila s ovim problemima.
13:15
Pierre Omidyar, founder of eBay,
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Pierre Omidyar, osnivač eBaya,
13:17
is one of the biggest anti-trafficking
philanthropists in the world.
philanthropists in the world.
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jedan je od najvećih filantropa na svijetu
koji se bore protiv trgovine ljudi
koji se bore protiv trgovine ljudi
13:21
And even he wound up accidentally
investing nearly 10 million dollars
investing nearly 10 million dollars
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I čak je i on sasvim slučajno uložio
gotovo 10 milijuna dolara
gotovo 10 milijuna dolara
13:26
in the pineapple plantation cited
as having the worst working conditions
as having the worst working conditions
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u plantažu ananasa za koju se navodilo
da ima najgore uvjete rada
da ima najgore uvjete rada
13:30
in that Global Horizons case.
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2604
u slučaju GH-a.
13:34
When he found out, he and his wife
were shocked and horrified,
were shocked and horrified,
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Kada je to saznao, on i njegova supruga
bili su šokirani i užasnuti
bili su šokirani i užasnuti
13:38
and they wound up writing
an op-ed for a newspaper,
an op-ed for a newspaper,
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2593
te su napisali otvoreno pismo za novine
13:41
saying that it was up to all of us
to learn everything we can
to learn everything we can
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navodeći kako se svi mi
moramo što više informirati
moramo što više informirati
13:44
about the labor and supply chains
of the products that we support.
of the products that we support.
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o radu i lancu opskrbe
proizvoda koje podržavamo.
proizvoda koje podržavamo.
13:49
I totally agree.
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Ja se s time potpuno slažem.
13:53
What would happen
if each one of us decided
if each one of us decided
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Što bi se dogodilo kad bi
svatko od nas odlučio
svatko od nas odlučio
13:55
that we are no longer going
to support companies
to support companies
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2557
da više neće podupirati tvrtke
13:58
if they don't eliminate exploitation
from their labor and supply chains?
from their labor and supply chains?
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3566
ako iz svog rada i lanca opskrbe
ne uklone izrabljivanje?
ne uklone izrabljivanje?
14:02
If we demanded laws calling for the same?
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Da počnemo zahtijevati zakone
koji će upravo na tome inzistirati?
koji će upravo na tome inzistirati?
14:05
If all the CEOs out there decided
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Da svi glavni direktori odluče
14:08
that they were going to go through
their businesses and say, "no more"?
their businesses and say, "no more"?
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da će provjeriti svoja
poslovanja i reći "dosta"?
poslovanja i reći "dosta"?
14:13
If we ended recruitment fees
for migrant workers?
for migrant workers?
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Da zaustavimo troškove kadrovanja
za radnike imigrante?
za radnike imigrante?
14:16
If we decided that guest workers
should have the right to organize
should have the right to organize
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Da odlučimo da sezonski radnici
moraju imati pravo organiziranja
moraju imati pravo organiziranja
14:19
without fear of retaliation?
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bez straha od odmazde?
14:21
These would be decisions heard
around the world.
around the world.
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Za takve odluke čulo bi se diljem svijeta.
Tu se ne radi o kupovanju
breskve iz pravedne trgovine
breskve iz pravedne trgovine
14:26
This isn't a matter of buying
a fair-trade peach
a fair-trade peach
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14:29
and calling it a day, buying
a guilt-free zone with your money.
a guilt-free zone with your money.
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4157
i smatranju da je to dovoljno, kupovati si
osjećaj slobode od odgovornosti.
osjećaj slobode od odgovornosti.
14:33
That's not how it works.
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1578
To ne funkcionira tako.
14:35
This is the decision to change
a system that is broken,
a system that is broken,
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4026
Ovo je odluka o promjeni
slomljenog sustava,
slomljenog sustava,
14:39
and that we have unwittingly but willingly
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3511
koji smo nesvjesno, ali dobrovoljno
14:42
allowed ourselves to profit from
and benefit from for too long.
and benefit from for too long.
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predugo izrabljivali u našu korist.
14:49
We often dwell on human trafficking
survivors' victimization.
survivors' victimization.
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3920
Često se fokusiramo na viktimizaciju ljudi
koji su prošli strahotu trgovine ljudima,
koji su prošli strahotu trgovine ljudima,
14:54
But that is not my experience of them.
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no ja ih nisam tako doživjela.
14:57
Over all the years that I've
been talking to them,
been talking to them,
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Tijekom svih godina mog razgovora s njima
15:00
they have taught me that we are
more than our worst days.
more than our worst days.
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3320
naučili su me da nas ne trebaju
definirati samo naši najgori dani.
definirati samo naši najgori dani.
15:03
Each one of us is more
than what we have lived through.
than what we have lived through.
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891941
3270
Svatko od nas više je od
zbroja svega što smo prošli.
zbroja svega što smo prošli.
15:08
Especially trafficking survivors.
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896183
2078
Posebno oni koji su
prošli trgovinu ljudima.
prošli trgovinu ljudima.
15:10
These people were the most resourceful
and resilient and responsible
and resilient and responsible
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898746
3623
Ti ljudi bili su najdomišljatiji,
najžilaviji i najodgovorniji
najžilaviji i najodgovorniji
15:14
in their communities.
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1159
u svojim zajednicama.
15:16
They were the people that you
would take a gamble on.
would take a gamble on.
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2654
To su ljudi na koje biste se okladili.
15:19
You'd say, I'm gong to sell my rings,
because I have the chance
because I have the chance
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3182
Rekli biste, "Prodat ću svoje
prstenje jer imam priliku
prstenje jer imam priliku
15:22
to send you off to a better future.
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2201
dati ti bolju budućnost."
15:25
They were the emissaries of hope.
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2126
Oni su glasnici nade.
15:29
These survivors don't need saving.
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2978
Ti preživjeli ne trebaju
nekoga da ih spasi.
nekoga da ih spasi.
15:32
They need solidarity,
because they're behind
because they're behind
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3044
Trebaju solidarnost jer su uključeni
15:35
some of the most exciting
social justice movements out there today.
social justice movements out there today.
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3747
u jedan od najuzbudljivijih
pokreta socijalne pravde.
pokreta socijalne pravde.
15:40
The nannies and housekeepers
who marched with their families
who marched with their families
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928766
2937
Dadilje i domaćice koje
koračaju sa svojim obiteljima
koračaju sa svojim obiteljima
15:43
and their employers' families --
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931727
1900
i obiteljima svojih poslodavaca -
15:45
their activism got us
an international treaty
an international treaty
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2918
njihov aktivizam donio nam je
međunarodni sporazum
međunarodni sporazum
15:48
on domestic workers' rights.
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1886
o pravima posluge.
15:51
The Nepali women who were trafficked
into the sex trade --
into the sex trade --
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939284
3995
Nepalske žene koje su
bile prodane za prostituciju,
bile prodane za prostituciju,
15:55
they came together, and they decided
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943303
1747
okupile su se i odlučile
15:57
that they were going to make the world's
first anti-trafficking organization
first anti-trafficking organization
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3597
napraviti prvu organizaciju
protiv trgovine ljudima
protiv trgovine ljudima
16:00
actually headed and run
by trafficking survivors themselves.
by trafficking survivors themselves.
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948695
3576
koju predsjedaju i vode sami ljudi
koji su se izvukli iz tog pakla.
koji su se izvukli iz tog pakla.
16:05
These Indian shipyard workers
were trafficked
were trafficked
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953681
2778
Ti indijski radnici na
brodogradilištima bili su prodani
brodogradilištima bili su prodani
16:08
to do post-Hurricane Katrina
reconstruction.
reconstruction.
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2691
da rade na obnovi nakon uragana Katrine.
16:11
They were threatened with deportation,
but they broke out of their work compound
but they broke out of their work compound
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959541
3774
Prijetilo im se deportacijom, no oni su
pobjegli iz svog radnog prostora
pobjegli iz svog radnog prostora
16:15
and they marched from New Orleans
to Washington, D.C.,
to Washington, D.C.,
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3379
i marširali od New Orleansa
do Washingtona
do Washingtona
16:18
to protest labor exploitation.
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966742
2239
i protestirali protiv
radnog izrabljivanja.
radnog izrabljivanja.
16:21
They cofounded an organization called
the National Guest Worker Alliance,
the National Guest Worker Alliance,
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3515
Osnovali su organizaciju nazvanu
Nacionalna udruga sezonskih radnika,
Nacionalna udruga sezonskih radnika,
16:25
and through this organization,
they have wound up helping other workers
they have wound up helping other workers
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4684
i kroz nju pomogli su ostalim radnicima
16:30
bring to light exploitation
and abuses in supply chains
and abuses in supply chains
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978025
4398
da objelodane izrabljivanje i
zlostavljanje u lancima opskrbe
zlostavljanje u lancima opskrbe
16:34
in Walmart and Hershey's factories.
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1668
u tvornicama Walmarta i Hershey'sa.
16:36
And although the Department
of Justice declined to take their case,
of Justice declined to take their case,
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984139
4181
Iako je Američko ministarstvo pravosuđa
odbilo prihvatiti njihov slučaj,
odbilo prihvatiti njihov slučaj,
16:40
a team of civil rights lawyers won
the first of a dozen civil suits
the first of a dozen civil suits
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4242
grupa odvjetnika za građanska prava
dobilo je prvu od desetak građanskih tužbi
dobilo je prvu od desetak građanskih tužbi
16:44
this February, and got
their clients 14 million dollars.
their clients 14 million dollars.
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992610
3906
ove veljače, a njihovi klijenti
14 milijuna dolara odštete.
14 milijuna dolara odštete.
16:50
These survivors are fighting
for people they don't even know yet,
for people they don't even know yet,
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998260
4257
Ti ljudi bore se za druge ljude
koje još ni ne znaju,
koje još ni ne znaju,
16:54
other workers, and for the possibility
of a just world for all of us.
of a just world for all of us.
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1002541
4351
za druge radnike i za mogućnost
postojanja pravednog svijeta za sve nas.
postojanja pravednog svijeta za sve nas.
16:59
This is our chance to do the same.
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2000
Ovo je naša prilika da učinimo isto.
17:02
This is our chance to make the decision
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1010716
2183
Prilika da donesemo odluku
17:04
that tells us who we are,
as a people and as a society;
as a people and as a society;
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1012923
3833
koja nam govori tko smo mi,
kao ljudi i kao društvo,
kao ljudi i kao društvo,
17:08
that our prosperity is no
longer prosperity,
longer prosperity,
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1016778
2847
da naš boljitak više nije boljitak
17:11
as long as it is pinned
to other people's pain;
to other people's pain;
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1019649
3873
sve dok se veže uz tuđu patnju,
17:15
that our lives are
inextricably woven together;
inextricably woven together;
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1023561
3604
da su naši životi neraskidivo povezani
17:19
and that we have the power
to make a different choice.
to make a different choice.
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3888
i da imamo moć donijeti drukčiju odluku.
17:26
I was so reluctant to share
my story of my auntie with you.
my story of my auntie with you.
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4803
Nisam bila sigurna trebam li
s vama podijeliti svoju priču o teti.
s vama podijeliti svoju priču o teti.
17:31
Before I started this TED process
and climbed up on this stage,
and climbed up on this stage,
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1039976
2977
Prije ovog iskustva s TED-om
i uspinjanja na ovu pozornicu
i uspinjanja na ovu pozornicu
17:34
I had told literally a handful
of people about it,
of people about it,
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2976
podijelila sam je
s doslovce šačicom ljudi
s doslovce šačicom ljudi
17:37
because, like many a journalist,
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1045977
1952
budući da, poput mnogih novinara,
17:39
I am far more interested in learning
about your stories
about your stories
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2890
više me zanimaju vaše priče
17:42
than sharing much,
if anything, about my own.
if anything, about my own.
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3218
nego da dijelim išta od svojih.
17:47
I also haven't done my journalistic
due diligence on this.
due diligence on this.
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2945
Nisam joj posvetila dužnu
novinarsku temeljitost,
novinarsku temeljitost,
17:50
I haven't issued my mountains
of document requests,
of document requests,
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1058242
2404
niti zatražila izdavanje
gomile dokumenata,
gomile dokumenata,
17:52
and interviewed everyone and their mother,
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2237
niti intervjuirala svakoga i njihove majke
17:54
and I haven't found my auntie yet.
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2000
niti sam još uvijek pronašla svoju tetu.
17:57
I don't know her story
of what happened, and of her life now.
of what happened, and of her life now.
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4828
Ne znam njezinu priču o tome što se
dogodilo i njezinom sadašnjem životu.
dogodilo i njezinom sadašnjem životu.
18:02
The story as I've told it to you
is messy and unfinished.
is messy and unfinished.
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1070781
3380
Priča koju sam ja ispričala
zamršena je i nedovršena.
zamršena je i nedovršena.
18:06
But I think it mirrors the messy
and unfinished situation we're all in,
and unfinished situation we're all in,
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4852
No mislim da prikazuje u kakvoj smo
zamršenoj i nedovršenoj situaciji svi mi
zamršenoj i nedovršenoj situaciji svi mi
18:11
when it comes to human trafficking.
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2000
kada se radi o trgovini ljudima.
18:14
We are all implicated in this problem.
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2714
Svi smo mi umiješani u ovaj problem,
18:18
But that means we are all
also part of its solution.
also part of its solution.
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1086291
4487
no to znači da smo svi mi i dio rješenja.
18:24
Figuring out how to build a more
just world is our work to do,
just world is our work to do,
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4114
Naš je zadatak smisliti kako
izgraditi pravedniji svijet,
izgraditi pravedniji svijet,
18:28
and our story to tell.
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1901
to je naša priča koju treba ispričati.
18:31
So let us tell it the way
we should have done,
we should have done,
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2388
Ispričajmo je onako kako smo trebali
18:33
from the very beginning.
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od samoga početka.
18:35
Let us tell this story together.
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Ispričajmo je zajedno.
18:39
Thank you so much.
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1309
Hvala vam.
18:40
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Noy Thrupkaew - Global journalistNoy Thrupkaew reports on human trafficking and the economics of exploitation through the lens of labor rights.
Why you should listen
Noy Thrupkaew writes on global issues on a local scale. The focus of her studies (and the subject of her forthcoming book) is human trafficking and the exploitative economic systems and corrupt officials behind it. She is a keen critic of the role of anti-trafficking organizations in the struggle against it, calling for long-range approaches that go beyond mere prohibition.
As an independent journalist, Thrupkaew has written for a wide variety of outlets including The Nation, National Geographic and The New York Times.
Noy Thrupkaew | Speaker | TED.com