TED2015
Noy Thrupkaew: Human trafficking is all around you. This is how it works
Noy Thrupkaew: 人口贩卖就在你我身边。它是这样运作的。
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在我们热爱的便宜货背后——无论是10美元的修指甲服务，还是无限量供应的全虾宴——是一个隐藏的强迫劳动的世界，正是它保证了上述服务和商品的不可思议的低价。Noy Thrupkaew调查人口贩卖——这一行业在美国、欧洲非常繁荣，如同在发展中国家一样——向我们揭示了满足全球消费者的劳动剥削背后隐藏的真相。
Noy Thrupkaew - Global journalist
Noy Thrupkaew reports on human trafficking and the economics of exploitation through the lens of labor rights. Full bio
Noy Thrupkaew reports on human trafficking and the economics of exploitation through the lens of labor rights. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
About 10 years ago, I went through
a little bit of a hard time.
a little bit of a hard time.
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十年前，我经过了一段困难的时期。
所以我决定去看心理医生。
00:16
So I decided to go see a therapist.
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00:18
I had been seeing her for a few months,
when she looked at me one day and said,
when she looked at me one day and said,
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在接受心理咨询几个月后，
有一天她（心理医生）突然问我：
有一天她（心理医生）突然问我：
00:22
"Who actually raised you
until you were three?"
until you were three?"
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“你三岁前是被谁养的？”
00:26
Seemed like a weird question.
I said, "My parents."
I said, "My parents."
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好奇怪的问题。
我脱口而出：”我父母啊。“
我脱口而出：”我父母啊。“
00:29
And she said, "I don't think
that's actually the case;
that's actually the case;
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她说：”我觉得不是；
00:33
because if it were,
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因为如果真是这样的话，
00:34
we'd be dealing with things that are
far more complicated than just this."
far more complicated than just this."
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我们要面对的问题会更加复杂。“
00:38
It sounded like the setup to a joke,
but I knew she was serious.
but I knew she was serious.
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听起来像是在开玩笑，
可我知道她是认真的。
可我知道她是认真的。
00:42
Because when I first started seeing her,
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因为我刚开始见她的时候，
00:45
I was trying to be
the funniest person in the room.
the funniest person in the room.
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我一直想让气氛轻松起来。
总是绞尽脑汁想讲笑话，
但她总能很快识破我，
但她总能很快识破我，
00:47
And I would try and crack these jokes,
but she caught on to me really quickly,
but she caught on to me really quickly,
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00:52
and whenever I tried to make a joke,
she would look at me and say,
she would look at me and say,
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每当我想开玩笑的时候，
她都会看着我说：
她都会看着我说：
00:55
"That is actually really sad."
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”这（笑话）其实很可悲。“
00:58
(Laughter)
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（观众笑声）
01:00
It's terrible.
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恩，这实在是可悲。
01:02
So I knew I had to be serious,
and I asked my parents
and I asked my parents
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我不得不严肃起来。所以我问了我爸妈:
01:06
who had actually raised me
until I was three?
until I was three?
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"三岁前到底是谁在带我？”
01:08
And to my surprise, they said
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他们的答案出乎了我的意料。
01:11
my primary caregiver had been
a distant relative of the family.
a distant relative of the family.
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他们说，小时候主要照顾我的人是一名远亲。
01:15
I had called her my auntie.
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我叫她小姑。
01:18
I remember my auntie so clearly,
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虽然是很久以前的事情，
我却清楚的记得她。
我却清楚的记得她。
01:20
it felt like she had been part of my life
when I was much older.
when I was much older.
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仿佛她一直在我的人生里，
她的存在远远超过了那三年。
她的存在远远超过了那三年。
01:24
I remember the thick, straight hair,
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我还记得那厚厚的直发。
01:26
and how it would come around
me like a curtain
me like a curtain
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每当她弯身抱起我，
01:28
when she bent to pick me up;
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那如窗帘般的头发就会把我包围；
01:30
her soft, southern Thai accent;
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她那温柔的南泰口音；
01:32
the way I would cling to her,
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我会紧紧的抱住她，
01:34
even if she just wanted to go
to the bathroom
to the bathroom
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就算她不过是去趟厕所，
01:36
or get something to eat.
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或是去弄点吃的。
01:38
I loved her, but [with] the ferocity
that a child has sometimes
that a child has sometimes
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我爱她，但是是那种幼稚的感情，
01:42
before she understands that love
also requires letting go.
also requires letting go.
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那种还不懂得放手的爱。
01:48
But my clearest and sharpest
memory of my auntie,
memory of my auntie,
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小姑在我脑海里留下最清晰的回忆
01:52
is also one of my first
memories of life at all.
memories of life at all.
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也是我人生最初的回忆之一。
01:56
I remember her being beaten and slapped
by another member of my family.
by another member of my family.
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我记得她被我家族里的另一名成员殴打。
02:01
I remember screaming hysterically
and wanting it to stop,
and wanting it to stop,
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我记得我歇斯底里地尖叫，
想阻止这种暴力行为。
想阻止这种暴力行为。
02:04
as I did every single time it happened,
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每当她被殴打时，我都会这样做；
02:07
for things as minor as wanting
to go out with her friends,
to go out with her friends,
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起因不过是些小事：比如和她的朋友出去玩
02:10
or being a little late.
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或稍微迟到一点儿。
02:12
I became so hysterical over her treatment,
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看到她被虐待，我崩溃极了。
02:15
that eventually, she was just
beaten behind closed doors.
beaten behind closed doors.
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后来，就不再当着我的面打她了。
02:21
Things got so bad for her
that eventually she ran away.
that eventually she ran away.
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最后，她再也无法忍受，
终于逃离了这个家。
终于逃离了这个家。
02:25
As an adult, I learned later
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长大后我才知道
02:27
that she had been just 19
when she was brought over from Thailand
when she was brought over from Thailand
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原来她刚满十九岁就被从泰国带到了美国
02:31
to the States to care for me,
on a tourist visa.
on a tourist visa.
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来做我的保姆，拿的还是旅游签证。
02:35
She wound up working
in Illinois for a time,
in Illinois for a time,
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她又在伊利诺伊州
努力工作了一段时间
努力工作了一段时间
02:37
before eventually returning to Thailand,
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最后返回了泰国，
02:40
which is where I ran into her again,
at a political rally in Bangkok.
at a political rally in Bangkok.
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我再次见到她是在曼谷的一场政治集会中。
02:45
I clung to her again, as I had
when I was a child,
when I was a child,
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我紧紧地抱住她，就像小时候一样，
02:48
and I let go, and then
I promised that I would call.
I promised that I would call.
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放手后，我承诺会与她保持联络。
02:53
I never did, though.
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但我违背了诺言。
02:55
Because I was afraid if I said
everything that she meant to me --
everything that she meant to me --
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因为我怕如果我说现在我人生中最美好的部分
03:00
that I owed perhaps the best parts
of who I became to her care,
of who I became to her care,
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都来自于她当年的照顾，
03:05
and that the words "I'm sorry"
were like a thimble
were like a thimble
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面对她，我只能用“对不起”这几个微不足道的字
03:08
to bail out all the guilt
and shame and rage I felt
and shame and rage I felt
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来发泄我所感受到的耻辱和愤怒
03:12
over everything she had endured
to care for me for as long as she had --
to care for me for as long as she had --
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那种因为照顾我而遭受这一切的愧疚。
03:18
I thought if I said those words to her,
I would never stop crying again.
I would never stop crying again.
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我以为，如果说出了这些，
我永远都不会再停止哭泣。
我永远都不会再停止哭泣。
03:24
Because she had saved me.
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因为她救了我。
03:26
And I had not saved her.
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可我没救得了她。
03:32
I'm a journalist, and I've been writing
and researching human trafficking
and researching human trafficking
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我是一名记者，在最近八年里，
03:36
for the past eight years or so,
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我一直在研究人口贩卖。
03:38
and even so, I never put together
this personal story
this personal story
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虽然如此，我却从没把这个
03:42
with my professional life
until pretty recently.
until pretty recently.
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故事和我的工作牵扯在一起，直到不久前。
03:46
I think this profound disconnect
actually symbolizes
actually symbolizes
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我觉得这种深切的分割正象征着
03:49
most of our understanding
about human trafficking.
about human trafficking.
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大家对人口贩卖的理解。
03:52
Because human trafficking is far more
prevalent, complex and close to home
prevalent, complex and close to home
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因为人口贩卖跟我们大多数人的想象不同，
它其实十分普遍，非常复杂，
而且就在你我身边。
而且就在你我身边。
03:58
than most of us realize.
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04:01
I spent time in jails and brothels,
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我探访过监狱和妓院，
04:03
interviewed hundreds of survivors
and law enforcement, NGO workers.
and law enforcement, NGO workers.
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采访了数以百计的幸存者，
执法人员和非政府组织人员。
执法人员和非政府组织人员。
04:07
And when I think about what we've done
about human trafficking,
about human trafficking,
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听到他们为解决人口贩卖问题
04:10
I am hugely disappointed.
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而做的一切，我感到及其的失望。
04:13
Partly because we don't even talk
about the problem right at all.
about the problem right at all.
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可能因为我们从未正确理解这个问题，
04:18
When I say "human trafficking,"
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当我说“人口贩卖”时，
04:20
most of you probably don't think
about someone like my auntie.
about someone like my auntie.
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很多人根本不会联想到我小姑那样的人。
04:23
You probably think
about a young girl or woman,
about a young girl or woman,
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你们头脑中浮现出的可能是年轻姑娘或妇女，
04:26
who's been brutally forced
into prostitution by a violent pimp.
into prostitution by a violent pimp.
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被妓院老板强迫买淫。
04:31
That is real suffering,
and that is a real story.
and that is a real story.
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这样的事很悲惨，确实也是事实。
04:35
That story makes me angry
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这样的事会让我感到愤怒，
04:36
for far more than just the reality
of that situation, though.
of that situation, though.
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并不仅仅因为它真的存在。
04:41
As a journalist, I really care about how
we relate to each other through language,
we relate to each other through language,
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作为记者，我很在意我们如何通过语言进行交流，
04:46
and the way we tell that story,
with all the gory, violent detail,
with all the gory, violent detail,
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如果我们的报道中充满血腥和暴力
04:50
the salacious aspects -- I call that
"look at her scars" journalism.
"look at her scars" journalism.
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充满不堪入目的描写——我管这叫“揭伤疤”新闻。
04:55
We use that story to convince ourselves
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我们用这样的报道来说服自己
04:58
that human trafficking is a bad man
doing a bad thing to an innocent girl.
doing a bad thing to an innocent girl.
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人口贩卖就是一个坏男人
对一名无辜女孩干坏事。
对一名无辜女孩干坏事。
05:03
That story lets us off the hook.
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那这样的报道实际上让我们得到了解脱
05:05
It takes away all the societal context
that we might be indicted for,
that we might be indicted for,
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因为它抹去了（人口贩卖的）社会背景，
而（这一背景）正是我们大家造成的，
而（这一背景）正是我们大家造成的，
05:09
for the structural inequality,
or the poverty,
or the poverty,
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比如等级制度，比如贫穷，
05:11
or the barriers to migration.
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或是限制自由移民。
05:13
We let ourselves think
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我们自我催眠
05:14
that human trafficking is only
about forced prostitution,
about forced prostitution,
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人口贩卖不过是被迫卖淫。
05:18
when in reality,
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但事实是，
05:20
human trafficking is embedded
in our everyday lives.
in our everyday lives.
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人口贩卖在我们的日常生活中无处不在。
05:24
Let me show you what I mean.
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让我来证明给大家看。
05:26
Forced prostitution accounts for
22 percent of human trafficking.
22 percent of human trafficking.
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被迫卖淫只占人口贩卖案子的22%。
05:31
Ten percent is in state-
imposed forced labor.
imposed forced labor.
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10%是政府强制劳动。
05:35
but a whopping 68 percent
is for the purpose of creating the goods
is for the purpose of creating the goods
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但是68%却是用来生产日用品
05:40
and delivering the services
that most of us rely on every day,
that most of us rely on every day,
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或是为我们提供服务，
满足我们日常所需。
满足我们日常所需。
05:44
in sectors like agricultural work,
domestic work and construction.
domestic work and construction.
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比如在农业，家政业和建筑业中
05:49
That is food and care and shelter.
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也就是食品、保姆和避难所。
05:53
And somehow, these most essential workers
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可是这些最不可或缺的工人
05:55
are also among the world's most underpaid
and exploited today.
and exploited today.
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恰恰也是当今世界被剥削最多的。
06:01
Human trafficking is the use
of force, fraud or coercion
of force, fraud or coercion
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人口贩卖的定义是使用暴力，欺骗，和胁迫
06:05
to compel another person's labor.
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来获取他人的劳动力。
06:08
And it's found in cotton fields,
and coltan mines,
and coltan mines,
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这种现象存在于棉田，钽铁矿内，
06:11
and even car washes in Norway and England.
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存在于挪威和英格兰的洗车店内。
06:14
It's found in U.S. military
bases in Iraq and Afghanistan.
bases in Iraq and Afghanistan.
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存在于伊拉克和阿富汗的美国军营里，
06:18
It's found in Thailand's fishing industry.
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也存在于泰国的捕鱼业里。
06:20
That country has become the largest
exporter of shrimp in the world.
exporter of shrimp in the world.
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泰国是世界最大的虾出口国。
06:25
But what are the circumstances
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大家想过没有
06:27
behind all that cheap
and plentiful shrimp?
and plentiful shrimp?
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为何这些虾供应充足，价格便宜呢？
06:31
Thai military were caught selling
Burmese and Cambodian migrants
Burmese and Cambodian migrants
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泰国军队把缅甸和柬埔寨移民
06:35
onto fishing boats.
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卖到渔船上。
06:37
Those fishing boats were taken out,
the men put to work,
the men put to work,
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渔船出海，他们被强迫做苦力，
06:41
and they were thrown overboard
if they made the mistake of falling sick,
if they made the mistake of falling sick,
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如果生病或敢反抗，
06:44
or trying to resist their treatment.
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就会被直接扔下海。
06:47
Those fish were then used to feed shrimp,
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捕到的鱼被用来喂虾，
06:49
The shrimp were then sold
to four major global retailers:
to four major global retailers:
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虾会卖给四大国际零售商：
06:54
Costco, Tesco, Walmart and Carrefour.
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好市多，乐购，沃尔玛和家乐福。
07:01
Human trafficking is found
on a smaller scale than just that,
on a smaller scale than just that,
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除此之外，人口贩卖也有小规模的，
07:04
and in places you would
never even imagine.
never even imagine.
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有些地方你可能连想都想不到。
07:07
Traffickers have forced young people
to drive ice cream trucks,
to drive ice cream trucks,
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人口贩子逼迫年轻人去开冰欺凌车，
07:10
or to sing in touring boys' choirs.
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或在男子合唱队里唱歌。
07:12
Trafficking has even been found
in a hair braiding salon in New Jersey.
in a hair braiding salon in New Jersey.
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新泽西州的一家发廊
甚至都发现了贩卖人口的迹象。
甚至都发现了贩卖人口的迹象。
07:16
The scheme in that case was incredible.
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所用手法十分恶劣，
07:19
The traffickers found young families
who were from Ghana and Togo,
who were from Ghana and Togo,
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人口贩子到加纳和多哥寻找年轻家庭，
07:25
and they told these families that
"your daughters are going to get
"your daughters are going to get
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告诉他们：“你们的女儿会在
07:29
a fine education in the United States."
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美国接受良好的教育。”
07:31
They then located winners
of the green card lottery,
of the green card lottery,
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然后找到绿卡彩票的赢家，
07:34
and they told them, "We'll help you out.
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告诉他们："我们会帮助你。
07:37
We'll get you a plane ticket.
We'll pay your fees.
We'll pay your fees.
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我们给你买机票，承担一切费用。
07:40
All you have to do is take
this young girl with you,
this young girl with you,
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你只需要把这个年轻女孩带上，
07:43
say that she's your sister or your spouse.
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说她是你的妹妹或老婆。”
07:46
Once everyone arrived in New Jersey,
the young girls were taken away,
the young girls were taken away,
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等所有人到达了新泽西州，女孩们就会被带走
07:50
and put to work for 14-hour days,
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被逼每日工作14小时，
07:52
seven days a week, for five years.
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每周七天，持续五年。
07:56
They made their traffickers
nearly four million dollars.
nearly four million dollars.
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女孩们为人口贩子赚了四百万。
08:02
This is a huge problem.
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这是个巨大的问题。
08:04
So what have we done about it?
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为此，但我们都做了些什么？
08:07
We've mostly turned
to the criminal justice system.
to the criminal justice system.
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大部分人选择刑事司法系统。
08:10
But keep in mind, most victims of human
trafficking are poor and marginalized.
trafficking are poor and marginalized.
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可是不要忘了，大多数受害者都很穷，
是边缘人群。
是边缘人群。
08:14
They're migrants, people of color.
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他们是移民，是有色人种。
08:16
Sometimes they're in the sex trade.
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有时候他们卖淫。
08:18
And for populations like these,
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对这些人来说，
08:20
the criminal justice system is
too often part of the problem,
too often part of the problem,
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刑事司法系统通常是他们的敌人，
08:23
rather than the solution.
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而不是他们的救星。
08:26
In study after study, in countries ranging
from Bangladesh to the United States,
from Bangladesh to the United States,
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无数调查表明，从孟加拉到美国，
08:31
between 20 and 60 percent of the people
in the sex trade who were surveyed
in the sex trade who were surveyed
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仅仅在去年一年中，就有20%—60%的性交易受害者
08:35
said that they had been raped or assaulted
by the police in the past year alone.
by the police in the past year alone.
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曾被警察强奸或者攻击。
08:42
People in prostitution, including people
who have been trafficked into it,
who have been trafficked into it,
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卖淫的人，其中包括人口贩卖受害者，
08:45
regularly receive multiple
convictions for prostitution.
convictions for prostitution.
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常常多次被判卖淫罪。
08:49
Having that criminal record makes it
so much more difficult
so much more difficult
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带着这样的犯罪记录，
08:52
to leave poverty, leave abuse,
or leave prostitution,
or leave prostitution,
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他们就算想摆脱贫穷，虐待，或者卖淫
08:56
if that person so desires.
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也是十分困难的。
09:00
Workers outside of the sex sector --
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非色情业的从业人员——
09:02
if they try and resist their treatment,
they risk deportation.
they risk deportation.
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如果敢有丝毫抗拒，将会被驱逐出境。
09:07
In case after case I've studied,
employers have no problem
employers have no problem
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在我研究的许多案例中，雇主会随意
09:10
calling on law enforcement
to try and threaten or deport
to try and threaten or deport
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利用执法人员威胁或者遣送
09:13
their striking trafficked workers.
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罢工的人口贩卖受害者。
09:16
If those workers run away,
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如果那些工人逃跑的话，
09:18
they risk becoming part of the great mass
of undocumented workers
of undocumented workers
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就有被归为非法劳工的危险
09:23
who are also subject to the whims
of law enforcement if they're caught.
of law enforcement if they're caught.
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而非法劳工同样是执法人员凌辱的对象。
09:29
Law enforcement is supposed to identify
victims and prosecute traffickers.
victims and prosecute traffickers.
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执法部门本应找出受害者并起诉人贩。
09:36
But out of an estimated 21 million victims
of human trafficking in the world,
of human trafficking in the world,
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然而，全世界被贩卖人口共有2100万，
09:40
they have helped and identified
fewer than 50,000 people.
fewer than 50,000 people.
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得到确认和帮助的还不到5万人。
09:45
That's like comparing
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如果受害者
09:47
the population of the world
to the population of Los Angeles,
to the population of Los Angeles,
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相当于世界总人口数，
得到帮助的仅仅相当于
得到帮助的仅仅相当于
09:51
proportionally speaking.
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洛杉矶的人口。
09:53
As for convictions, out of an estimated
5,700 convictions in 2013,
5,700 convictions in 2013,
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至于定罪，2013年有大约5700个案例最终定罪，
10:00
fewer than 500 were for labor trafficking.
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只有不到500个是针对贩卖劳工。
10:03
Keep in mind that labor trafficking
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不要忘了，贩卖劳工占
10:05
accounts for 68 percent
of all trafficking,
of all trafficking,
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所有人口贩卖的68%，
10:08
but fewer than 10 percent
of the convictions.
of the convictions.
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但是定罪的不到10%。
10:14
I've heard one expert say that trafficking
happens where need meets greed.
happens where need meets greed.
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某位专家说过：人口贩卖诞生在
需求和贪婪的交叉点。
需求和贪婪的交叉点。
10:19
I'd like to add one more element to that.
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我想再补充一点：
10:22
Trafficking happens in sectors where
workers are excluded from protections,
workers are excluded from protections,
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人口贩卖发生在工人缺乏保护的行业里，
10:26
and denied the right to organize.
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并且剥夺了他们组织（工会）的权利。
10:29
Trafficking doesn't happen in a vacuum.
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人口贩卖不是发生在真空中。
10:32
It happens in systematically
degraded work environments.
degraded work environments.
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而是发生于积重难返的恶劣工作环境中。
10:37
You might be thinking,
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你可能在想：
10:38
oh, she's talking about failed states,
or war-torn states, or --
or war-torn states, or --
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她说的是在贫穷和战火中挣扎的国家。
10:41
I'm actually talking
about the United States.
about the United States.
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其实我说的正是美国。
10:44
Let me tell you what that looks like.
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我来给大家解释一下。
10:47
I spent many months researching
a trafficking case called Global Horizons,
a trafficking case called Global Horizons,
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我花了几个月的时间调查一个叫“全球地平线”的案例，
10:50
involving hundreds of Thai farm workers.
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这个案例涉及到上百个泰国农工。
10:53
They were sent all over the States,
to work in Hawaii pineapple plantations,
to work in Hawaii pineapple plantations,
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他们被送往美国各地，
从夏威夷的菠萝种植园，
从夏威夷的菠萝种植园，
10:56
and Washington apple orchards,
and anywhere the work was needed.
and anywhere the work was needed.
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到华盛顿的苹果园，
任何需要劳工的地方。
任何需要劳工的地方。
11:00
They were promised three years
of solid agricultural work.
of solid agricultural work.
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承诺他们至少有三年稳定的农活可以干。
11:04
So they made a calculated risk.
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所以他们盘算了下风险，
11:06
They sold their land, they sold
their wives' jewelry,
their wives' jewelry,
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卖掉了土地，卖掉了老婆的珠宝，
11:09
to make thousands in recruitment fees
for this company, Global Horizons.
for this company, Global Horizons.
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向“全球地平线”公司支付数千美元的招聘费。
11:14
But once they were brought over,
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但一踏进美国，
11:16
their passports were confiscated.
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他们的护照就被没收了。
11:18
Some of the men were beaten
and held at gunpoint.
and held at gunpoint.
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他们面对殴打和枪口的威胁，
11:21
They worked so hard
they fainted in the fields.
they fainted in the fields.
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2622
因过度劳累而昏倒在田地里。
11:26
This case hit me so hard.
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这个案子深深触动了我。
11:29
After I came back home,
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2081
回到家后，
11:31
I was wandering through the grocery store,
and I froze in the produce department.
and I froze in the produce department.
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4025
我在附近的杂货店闲逛，
经过农产品区时我呆住了。
经过农产品区时我呆住了。
11:36
I was remembering the over-the-top meals
the Global Horizons survivors
the Global Horizons survivors
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我想起了“全球地平线”案件幸存者
为我做的“佳肴”，
为我做的“佳肴”，
11:40
would make for me every time
I showed up to interview them.
I showed up to interview them.
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2827
每次我去采访他们的时候
他们都会为我做
他们都会为我做
11:44
They finished one meal with this plate
of perfect, long-stemmed strawberries,
of perfect, long-stemmed strawberries,
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4902
餐后水果他们会端上一盘漂亮的长茎草莓。
11:49
and as they handed them to me, they said,
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2513
在递给我的同时，他们说：
11:51
"Aren't these the kind of strawberries
you eat with somebody special
you eat with somebody special
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“在美国，这些是不是那种跟重要的人
11:55
in the States?
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1157
一起吃的草莓？
11:57
And don't they taste so much better
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1810
当你认识亲手帮你摘下
11:58
when you know the people
whose hands picked them for you?"
whose hands picked them for you?"
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3588
它们的人，味道是不是尝起来会更好？”
12:06
As I stood in that grocery store weeks
later, I realized I had no idea
later, I realized I had no idea
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4231
几周后，当我站在杂货店，我发现我
12:10
of who to thank for this plenty,
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2176
根本不知到要感谢谁，
12:12
and no idea of how
they were being treated.
they were being treated.
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2000
也根本不知道他们的待遇如何。
12:15
So, like the journalist I am, I started
digging into the agricultural sector.
digging into the agricultural sector.
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4489
因为我是记者，我开始调查农业部门。
12:20
And I found there are too many fields,
and too few labor inspectors.
and too few labor inspectors.
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我发现田地是如此之多，
而劳动检察员如此之少。
而劳动检察员如此之少。
12:25
I found multiple layers
of plausible deniability
of plausible deniability
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2850
种植商，分销商，加工商
12:27
between grower and distributor
and processor, and God knows who else.
and processor, and God knows who else.
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之间互相推诿，矢口否认，
天知道还有谁参与其中。
天知道还有谁参与其中。
12:32
The Global Horizons survivors had been
brought to the States
brought to the States
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“全球地平线”公司的幸存者
是通过外来劳工项目来到的美国。
12:35
on a temporary guest worker program.
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2239
而这一项目将他们的法律地位
12:38
That guest worker program
ties a person's legal status
ties a person's legal status
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3633
与其雇主紧密联系在一起，
12:42
to his or her employer,
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并剥夺了他们成立工会的权利。
12:44
and denies that worker
the right to organize.
the right to organize.
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请注意，我刚刚描述的农业部门
12:48
Mind you, none of what I am describing
about this agricultural sector
about this agricultural sector
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和外来劳工，实际上就是人口贩卖。
12:52
or the guest worker program
is actually human trafficking.
is actually human trafficking.
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3522
从法律角度来说，也是很有争议的。
12:57
It is merely what we find
legally tolerable.
legally tolerable.
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3904
但这种情况是剥削的沃土。
13:02
And I would argue this is
fertile ground for exploitation.
fertile ground for exploitation.
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在我试图了解它前，
我一直被蒙在鼓里。
我一直被蒙在鼓里。
13:06
And all of this had been hidden to me,
before I had tried to understand it.
before I had tried to understand it.
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还有人跟我情况一样。
13:11
I wasn't the only person
grappling with these issues.
grappling with these issues.
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eBay的创造人皮埃尔·奥米迪亚
13:15
Pierre Omidyar, founder of eBay,
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2164
是最有名的反人口贩卖慈善者之一。
13:17
is one of the biggest anti-trafficking
philanthropists in the world.
philanthropists in the world.
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可就连他，也无意中投资了近一千万美元
13:21
And even he wound up accidentally
investing nearly 10 million dollars
investing nearly 10 million dollars
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到“全球地平线”案例中那个工作环境最差的
13:26
in the pineapple plantation cited
as having the worst working conditions
as having the worst working conditions
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3660
菠萝种植园。
13:30
in that Global Horizons case.
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2604
当他发现后，他和他老婆都震惊了，
13:34
When he found out, he and his wife
were shocked and horrified,
were shocked and horrified,
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他们在报纸上发表了一篇评论文章，
13:38
and they wound up writing
an op-ed for a newspaper,
an op-ed for a newspaper,
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提醒大家一定要尽全力调查清楚
13:41
saying that it was up to all of us
to learn everything we can
to learn everything we can
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3899
所投资产品背后的劳动力和供应链情况。
13:44
about the labor and supply chains
of the products that we support.
of the products that we support.
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我完全赞同。
13:49
I totally agree.
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如果我们每一个人都决定
13:53
What would happen
if each one of us decided
if each one of us decided
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2613
不再支持那些在
13:55
that we are no longer going
to support companies
to support companies
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2557
剥削劳动力和供应链的公司，情况会如何？
13:58
if they don't eliminate exploitation
from their labor and supply chains?
from their labor and supply chains?
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3566
如果我们要求法律也作出同样的规定，情况会如何？
14:02
If we demanded laws calling for the same?
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2701
如果所有首席执行官一致决定
14:05
If all the CEOs out there decided
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彻查公司，消除劳工剥削，情况会如何？
14:08
that they were going to go through
their businesses and say, "no more"?
their businesses and say, "no more"?
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3502
如果我们取消移民工人的招聘费，情况会如何？
14:13
If we ended recruitment fees
for migrant workers?
for migrant workers?
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2793
如果我们赋予临时劳工组织工会的权利，
并让他们不用担心遭报复，
并让他们不用担心遭报复，
14:16
If we decided that guest workers
should have the right to organize
should have the right to organize
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3111
情况会如何？
14:19
without fear of retaliation?
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1516
这些决定应该响彻全球。
14:21
These would be decisions heard
around the world.
around the world.
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3642
这不仅仅是购买一件公平贸易产品
14:26
This isn't a matter of buying
a fair-trade peach
a fair-trade peach
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就能解决的事，金钱并不能抵消愧疚。
14:29
and calling it a day, buying
a guilt-free zone with your money.
a guilt-free zone with your money.
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这不是解决之道。
14:33
That's not how it works.
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1578
我们应该改变一个早已腐朽的系统，
14:35
This is the decision to change
a system that is broken,
a system that is broken,
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4026
有意无意间，我们已经从这个系统中
14:39
and that we have unwittingly but willingly
247
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3511
得到了不少好处，享受了很长时间。
14:42
allowed ourselves to profit from
and benefit from for too long.
and benefit from for too long.
248
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4124
我们老是关注被贩卖者所受的伤害。
14:49
We often dwell on human trafficking
survivors' victimization.
survivors' victimization.
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3920
但我从他们身上感受到了更多。
14:54
But that is not my experience of them.
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2363
在和他们接触的几年里，
14:57
Over all the years that I've
been talking to them,
been talking to them,
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2357
他们告诉我，“比起最坏的日子，
我们已经好多了，
我们已经好多了，
15:00
they have taught me that we are
more than our worst days.
more than our worst days.
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3320
我们中的每一个，
都比过去要好。”
都比过去要好。”
15:03
Each one of us is more
than what we have lived through.
than what we have lived through.
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3270
尤其是那些被贩卖者。
15:08
Especially trafficking survivors.
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2078
这些人聪明，适应力强，有责任感，
15:10
These people were the most resourceful
and resilient and responsible
and resilient and responsible
255
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3623
是他们社会中的佼佼者。
15:14
in their communities.
256
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1159
他们是值得信赖的人。
15:16
They were the people that you
would take a gamble on.
would take a gamble on.
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2654
你会说，我愿意卖掉自己的戒指，
因为这样我就有可以
因为这样我就有可以
15:19
You'd say, I'm gong to sell my rings,
because I have the chance
because I have the chance
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3182
送你去开创更好的未来。
15:22
to send you off to a better future.
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2201
他们是希望的使者。
15:25
They were the emissaries of hope.
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2126
他们并不需要被拯救。
15:29
These survivors don't need saving.
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2978
他们需要的是团结，因为他们
15:32
They need solidarity,
because they're behind
because they're behind
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3044
是当今许多令人兴奋的
社会公平运动的核心。
社会公平运动的核心。
15:35
some of the most exciting
social justice movements out there today.
social justice movements out there today.
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3747
那些保姆和管家们，
带着他们的家人以及雇主的家庭成员
带着他们的家人以及雇主的家庭成员
15:40
The nannies and housekeepers
who marched with their families
who marched with their families
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2937
上街游行——
15:43
and their employers' families --
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1900
他们的行动，使得保护家政工人权利
15:45
their activism got us
an international treaty
an international treaty
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2918
的国际条约得以通过。
15:48
on domestic workers' rights.
267
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1886
那些被迫卖淫的尼泊尔妇女——
15:51
The Nepali women who were trafficked
into the sex trade --
into the sex trade --
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3995
她们联合起来，决定
15:55
they came together, and they decided
269
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1747
成立世界上第一个反人口贩卖组织
15:57
that they were going to make the world's
first anti-trafficking organization
first anti-trafficking organization
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该组织由被贩卖幸存者领导和管理。
16:00
actually headed and run
by trafficking survivors themselves.
by trafficking survivors themselves.
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一些印度船厂的工人被贩卖（到这里）
16:05
These Indian shipyard workers
were trafficked
were trafficked
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参与卡特里娜飓风灾后重建。
16:08
to do post-Hurricane Katrina
reconstruction.
reconstruction.
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他们冒着被驱逐出境的威胁，
从工作地点逃了出来，
从工作地点逃了出来，
16:11
They were threatened with deportation,
but they broke out of their work compound
but they broke out of their work compound
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从新奥尔良游行到华盛顿，
16:15
and they marched from New Orleans
to Washington, D.C.,
to Washington, D.C.,
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抗议所遭受的劳动剥削。
16:18
to protest labor exploitation.
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他们共同成立了一个叫
“全国外来劳工联盟”的组织，
“全国外来劳工联盟”的组织，
16:21
They cofounded an organization called
the National Guest Worker Alliance,
the National Guest Worker Alliance,
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通过这一组织，他们帮助其他劳工，
16:25
and through this organization,
they have wound up helping other workers
they have wound up helping other workers
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揭发沃尔玛和好时
16:30
bring to light exploitation
and abuses in supply chains
and abuses in supply chains
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供应链背后的剥削和压迫。
16:34
in Walmart and Hershey's factories.
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虽然美国司法部拒绝受理他们的案件，
16:36
And although the Department
of Justice declined to take their case,
of Justice declined to take their case,
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但一组民权律师在今年二月
取得了一系列民事诉讼的首胜，
取得了一系列民事诉讼的首胜，
16:40
a team of civil rights lawyers won
the first of a dozen civil suits
the first of a dozen civil suits
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为他们的代理人赢得了
一千四百万美金（的赔偿）。
一千四百万美金（的赔偿）。
16:44
this February, and got
their clients 14 million dollars.
their clients 14 million dollars.
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这些幸存者在为素未谋面的人奋斗，
16:50
These survivors are fighting
for people they don't even know yet,
for people they don't even know yet,
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为其他劳工，也为了一个公正的世界。
16:54
other workers, and for the possibility
of a just world for all of us.
of a just world for all of us.
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如今我们有机会采取同样的行动。
16:59
This is our chance to do the same.
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有机会做出决定，
17:02
This is our chance to make the decision
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认清我们自己，认清我们的社会；
17:04
that tells us who we are,
as a people and as a society;
as a people and as a society;
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认清我们的繁荣如果
是建立在别人的苦难之上，
是建立在别人的苦难之上，
17:08
that our prosperity is no
longer prosperity,
longer prosperity,
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那这种繁荣就名不副实。
17:11
as long as it is pinned
to other people's pain;
to other people's pain;
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我们的人生紧紧缠绕在一起；
17:15
that our lives are
inextricably woven together;
inextricably woven together;
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我们有能力做出不一样的选择。
17:19
and that we have the power
to make a different choice.
to make a different choice.
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我以前很不愿分享我小姑的故事。
17:26
I was so reluctant to share
my story of my auntie with you.
my story of my auntie with you.
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在参加TED，登上这个舞台之前，
17:31
Before I started this TED process
and climbed up on this stage,
and climbed up on this stage,
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我只告诉过几个人。
17:34
I had told literally a handful
of people about it,
of people about it,
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因为，像其他记者一样，
17:37
because, like many a journalist,
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比起分享自己的经历，
17:39
I am far more interested in learning
about your stories
about your stories
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我更想听别人的故事。
17:42
than sharing much,
if anything, about my own.
if anything, about my own.
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我还没有完全尽到一个记者的职责。
17:47
I also haven't done my journalistic
due diligence on this.
due diligence on this.
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我还没来得及申请到所有需要的文件，
17:50
I haven't issued my mountains
of document requests,
of document requests,
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没有采访所有的受害者和家属
17:52
and interviewed everyone and their mother,
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也没有找到我的小姑。
17:54
and I haven't found my auntie yet.
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2000
我不知道如今她过得如何，
17:57
I don't know her story
of what happened, and of her life now.
of what happened, and of her life now.
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我告诉你们的故事依然混乱和残缺。
18:02
The story as I've told it to you
is messy and unfinished.
is messy and unfinished.
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但我认为，这恰恰反映了
我们如今生活的社会也是混乱和残缺的，
我们如今生活的社会也是混乱和残缺的，
18:06
But I think it mirrors the messy
and unfinished situation we're all in,
and unfinished situation we're all in,
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当谈到人口贩卖问题时，
18:11
when it comes to human trafficking.
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2000
我们每个人都牵涉其中。
18:14
We are all implicated in this problem.
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2714
但这同样意味着我们也是答案的一部分。
18:18
But that means we are all
also part of its solution.
also part of its solution.
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4487
如何建立一个更加公正的世界是我们的责任，
18:24
Figuring out how to build a more
just world is our work to do,
just world is our work to do,
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也是我们该讲的故事。
18:28
and our story to tell.
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所以让我们实事求是，
18:31
So let us tell it the way
we should have done,
we should have done,
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从头开始，
18:33
from the very beginning.
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一同来讲这个故事。
18:35
Let us tell this story together.
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谢谢大家。
18:39
Thank you so much.
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（掌声）
18:40
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Noy Thrupkaew - Global journalistNoy Thrupkaew reports on human trafficking and the economics of exploitation through the lens of labor rights.
Why you should listen
Noy Thrupkaew writes on global issues on a local scale. The focus of her studies (and the subject of her forthcoming book) is human trafficking and the exploitative economic systems and corrupt officials behind it. She is a keen critic of the role of anti-trafficking organizations in the struggle against it, calling for long-range approaches that go beyond mere prohibition.
As an independent journalist, Thrupkaew has written for a wide variety of outlets including The Nation, National Geographic and The New York Times.
Noy Thrupkaew | Speaker | TED.com