TED2015
Noy Thrupkaew: Human trafficking is all around you. This is how it works
Noj Trupkaev (Noy Thrupkaew): Trgovina ljudima je svuda oko vas. Evo kako funkcioniše
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Iza svakodnevnih jeftinih kupovina koje svi volimo - manikir koji košta 10 dolara, neograničeni švedski sto sa škampima - skriven je svet prisilnog rada kako bi te cene bile na samom dnu. Noj Trupkaev istražuje trgovinu ljudima, koja cveta u SAD i Evropi, kao i u zemljama u razvoju, i pokazuje nam ljudska lica iza eksploatisane radne snage koja hrani globalne potrošače .
Noy Thrupkaew - Global journalist
Noy Thrupkaew reports on human trafficking and the economics of exploitation through the lens of labor rights. Full bio
Noy Thrupkaew reports on human trafficking and the economics of exploitation through the lens of labor rights. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
About 10 years ago, I went through
a little bit of a hard time.
a little bit of a hard time.
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Pre nekih 10 godina, prošla sam
kroz težak period,
kroz težak period,
00:16
So I decided to go see a therapist.
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pa sam odlučila da posetim psihijatra.
00:18
I had been seeing her for a few months,
when she looked at me one day and said,
when she looked at me one day and said,
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Posećivala sam je par meseci, sve dok me
nije pogledala jednog dana i rekla:
nije pogledala jednog dana i rekla:
00:22
"Who actually raised you
until you were three?"
until you were three?"
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"Ko te je, u stvari,
odgajao do treće godine?"
odgajao do treće godine?"
00:26
Seemed like a weird question.
I said, "My parents."
I said, "My parents."
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Činilo se kao uvrnuto pitanje.
Rekla sam: "Moji roditelji",
Rekla sam: "Moji roditelji",
00:29
And she said, "I don't think
that's actually the case;
that's actually the case;
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a ona je rekla:
"Ne mislim da je bilo tako,
"Ne mislim da je bilo tako,
00:33
because if it were,
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jer da jeste,
00:34
we'd be dealing with things that are
far more complicated than just this."
far more complicated than just this."
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bavile bi se stvarima koje su
mnogo komplikovanije od ovoga.
mnogo komplikovanije od ovoga.
00:38
It sounded like the setup to a joke,
but I knew she was serious.
but I knew she was serious.
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Zvučalo je kao da se šali,
ali znala sam da je ozbiljna,
ali znala sam da je ozbiljna,
00:42
Because when I first started seeing her,
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jer kada sam je isprva počela posećivati,
00:45
I was trying to be
the funniest person in the room.
the funniest person in the room.
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pokušavala sam da budem
najsmešnija osoba u sobi
najsmešnija osoba u sobi
00:47
And I would try and crack these jokes,
but she caught on to me really quickly,
but she caught on to me really quickly,
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i pokušala sam da pričam viceve,
ali me je skapirala prilično brzo
ali me je skapirala prilično brzo
00:52
and whenever I tried to make a joke,
she would look at me and say,
she would look at me and say,
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i kad god bih pokušala da se našalim,
pogledala bi me i rekla:
pogledala bi me i rekla:
00:55
"That is actually really sad."
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"To je zapravo veoma tužno".
00:58
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:00
It's terrible.
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Grozno.
01:02
So I knew I had to be serious,
and I asked my parents
and I asked my parents
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Znala sam da moram da budem ozbiljna
i pitala sam svoje roditelje
i pitala sam svoje roditelje
01:06
who had actually raised me
until I was three?
until I was three?
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ko me je u stvari odgajao
do treće godine?
do treće godine?
01:08
And to my surprise, they said
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Na moje iznenađenje, rekli su
01:11
my primary caregiver had been
a distant relative of the family.
a distant relative of the family.
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da je moj prvobitni staratelj bila
daleka rođaka.
daleka rođaka.
01:15
I had called her my auntie.
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Zvala sam je "moja teta".
01:18
I remember my auntie so clearly,
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Sećam se svoje tete toliko jasno
01:20
it felt like she had been part of my life
when I was much older.
when I was much older.
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da se činilo kao da je deo mog života
kada sam bila mnogo starija.
kada sam bila mnogo starija.
01:24
I remember the thick, straight hair,
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Sećam se guste, prave kose
01:26
and how it would come around
me like a curtain
me like a curtain
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i načina na koji bi me obavila,
poput zavese,
poput zavese,
01:28
when she bent to pick me up;
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kada bi se sagla da me uzme;
01:30
her soft, southern Thai accent;
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njenog mekog, južno-tajlandskog akcenta,
01:32
the way I would cling to her,
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načina na koji bih se držala za nju
01:34
even if she just wanted to go
to the bathroom
to the bathroom
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čak i ako bi samo htela da ode do toaleta
01:36
or get something to eat.
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ili da uzme da jede.
01:38
I loved her, but [with] the ferocity
that a child has sometimes
that a child has sometimes
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Volela sam je, ali s okrutnošću
koje dete ponekad ima
koje dete ponekad ima
01:42
before she understands that love
also requires letting go.
also requires letting go.
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pre nego što shvati da ljubav
zahteva i ostavljanje na miru.
zahteva i ostavljanje na miru.
01:48
But my clearest and sharpest
memory of my auntie,
memory of my auntie,
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Moje najjasnije i najčistije sećanje
na moju tetu, međutim,
na moju tetu, međutim,
01:52
is also one of my first
memories of life at all.
memories of life at all.
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je i moje prvo životno sećanje uopšte.
01:56
I remember her being beaten and slapped
by another member of my family.
by another member of my family.
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Sećam se da ju je jedan rođak
tukao i udarao.
tukao i udarao.
02:01
I remember screaming hysterically
and wanting it to stop,
and wanting it to stop,
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Sećam se histeričnog vrištanja
i želje da to prestane,
i želje da to prestane,
02:04
as I did every single time it happened,
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kao i svaki put kada bi se to desilo,
02:07
for things as minor as wanting
to go out with her friends,
to go out with her friends,
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zbog stvari tako sitnih
kao što je izlazak sa prijateljima
kao što je izlazak sa prijateljima
02:10
or being a little late.
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ili malo zakašnjenje.
02:12
I became so hysterical over her treatment,
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Postala sam toliko histerična
zbog tog ponašanja
zbog tog ponašanja
02:15
that eventually, she was just
beaten behind closed doors.
beaten behind closed doors.
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da su je na kraju tukli
iza zatvorenih vrata.
iza zatvorenih vrata.
02:21
Things got so bad for her
that eventually she ran away.
that eventually she ran away.
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Postalo je toliko loše po nju
da je na kraju pobegla.
da je na kraju pobegla.
02:25
As an adult, I learned later
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Kao odrasla, kasnije sam shvatila
02:27
that she had been just 19
when she was brought over from Thailand
when she was brought over from Thailand
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da je imala samo 19 godina
kada su je doveli sa Tajlanda
kada su je doveli sa Tajlanda
02:31
to the States to care for me,
on a tourist visa.
on a tourist visa.
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u Sjedinjene Države da brine o meni,
sa turističkom vizom.
sa turističkom vizom.
02:35
She wound up working
in Illinois for a time,
in Illinois for a time,
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Završila je radeći u Ilinoisu neko vreme
02:37
before eventually returning to Thailand,
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pre nego što se konačno
vratila na Tajland,
vratila na Tajland,
02:40
which is where I ran into her again,
at a political rally in Bangkok.
at a political rally in Bangkok.
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gde sam naletela na nju ponovo
tokom političkog sastanka u Bangkoku.
tokom političkog sastanka u Bangkoku.
02:45
I clung to her again, as I had
when I was a child,
when I was a child,
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Obujmila sam je ponovo,
kao što sam radila kada sam bila dete,
kao što sam radila kada sam bila dete,
02:48
and I let go, and then
I promised that I would call.
I promised that I would call.
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i pustila, a zatim sam obećala
da ću je nazvati.
da ću je nazvati.
02:53
I never did, though.
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Međutim, nikada nisam
02:55
Because I was afraid if I said
everything that she meant to me --
everything that she meant to me --
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jer sam se plašila da,
ako kažem šta mi je značila
ako kažem šta mi je značila
03:00
that I owed perhaps the best parts
of who I became to her care,
of who I became to her care,
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da je možda njena briga zaslužna
za najbolje delove onoga što sam postala
za najbolje delove onoga što sam postala
03:05
and that the words "I'm sorry"
were like a thimble
were like a thimble
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i da su reči "žao mi je" bile kao okovi
03:08
to bail out all the guilt
and shame and rage I felt
and shame and rage I felt
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koji bi izvukli na površinu svu krivicu,
stid i bes koje sam osećala
stid i bes koje sam osećala
03:12
over everything she had endured
to care for me for as long as she had --
to care for me for as long as she had --
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zbog svega što je pretrpela da bi
brinula o meni dokle god je morala -
brinula o meni dokle god je morala -
03:18
I thought if I said those words to her,
I would never stop crying again.
I would never stop crying again.
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mislila sam da, ako izgovorim ove reči,
nikada neću prestati da plačem,
nikada neću prestati da plačem,
03:24
Because she had saved me.
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jer me je spasila,
03:26
And I had not saved her.
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a ja nju nisam.
03:32
I'm a journalist, and I've been writing
and researching human trafficking
and researching human trafficking
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Novinarka sam i radim i istražujem
trgovinu ljudima
trgovinu ljudima
03:36
for the past eight years or so,
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unazad nekih osam godina
03:38
and even so, I never put together
this personal story
this personal story
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i, čak i pored toga, nikada nisam
povezala ovu ličnu priču
povezala ovu ličnu priču
03:42
with my professional life
until pretty recently.
until pretty recently.
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sa svojim profesionalnim životom,
sve do skoro.
sve do skoro.
03:46
I think this profound disconnect
actually symbolizes
actually symbolizes
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Mislim da ovaj duboki prekid veze
u stvari simbolizuje
u stvari simbolizuje
03:49
most of our understanding
about human trafficking.
about human trafficking.
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veći deo našeg razumevanja
pitanja trgovine ljudima.
pitanja trgovine ljudima.
03:52
Because human trafficking is far more
prevalent, complex and close to home
prevalent, complex and close to home
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Trgovina ljudima je mnogo češća,
složenija i ličnija
složenija i ličnija
03:58
than most of us realize.
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nego što većina nas shvata.
04:01
I spent time in jails and brothels,
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Bila sam u zatvorima i bordelima,
04:03
interviewed hundreds of survivors
and law enforcement, NGO workers.
and law enforcement, NGO workers.
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intevjuisala na stotine preživelih,
predstavnika zakona i NVO radnika
predstavnika zakona i NVO radnika
04:07
And when I think about what we've done
about human trafficking,
about human trafficking,
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i kad razmišljam šta smo uradili
povodom trgovine ljudima,
povodom trgovine ljudima,
04:10
I am hugely disappointed.
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veoma sam razočarana,
delimično i zbog toga što uopšte
ne pričamo o problemu kako bi trebalo.
ne pričamo o problemu kako bi trebalo.
04:13
Partly because we don't even talk
about the problem right at all.
about the problem right at all.
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Kada kažem "trgovina ljudima",
04:18
When I say "human trafficking,"
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04:20
most of you probably don't think
about someone like my auntie.
about someone like my auntie.
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većina vas verovatno neće pomisliti
na nekoga kao što je moja teta.
na nekoga kao što je moja teta.
04:23
You probably think
about a young girl or woman,
about a young girl or woman,
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Verovatno ćete pomisliti
na mladu devojku ili ženu
na mladu devojku ili ženu
04:26
who's been brutally forced
into prostitution by a violent pimp.
into prostitution by a violent pimp.
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koju je nasilni makro brutalno
primorao na prostituciju.
primorao na prostituciju.
04:31
That is real suffering,
and that is a real story.
and that is a real story.
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To je prava patnja i istinita priča.
04:35
That story makes me angry
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Priča me čini besnom,
04:36
for far more than just the reality
of that situation, though.
of that situation, though.
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međutim, mnogo više nego
stvarnost ove situacije.
stvarnost ove situacije.
04:41
As a journalist, I really care about how
we relate to each other through language,
we relate to each other through language,
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Kao novinarka, stvarno obraćam pažnju
na to kako se odnosimo jedni prema drugima
na to kako se odnosimo jedni prema drugima
04:46
and the way we tell that story,
with all the gory, violent detail,
with all the gory, violent detail,
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kroz jezik, a način na koji pričamo priču
zajedno sa krvavim, nasilnim detaljima,
zajedno sa krvavim, nasilnim detaljima,
04:50
the salacious aspects -- I call that
"look at her scars" journalism.
"look at her scars" journalism.
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razvratnim aspektima - to zovem
"pogledajte-njene-ožiljke" novinarstvo.
"pogledajte-njene-ožiljke" novinarstvo.
04:55
We use that story to convince ourselves
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Koristimo tu priču da ubedimo sebe
04:58
that human trafficking is a bad man
doing a bad thing to an innocent girl.
doing a bad thing to an innocent girl.
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da je trgovina ljudima loš čovek
koji radi loše stvari nevinoj devojci.
koji radi loše stvari nevinoj devojci.
05:03
That story lets us off the hook.
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Ta nas priča oslobađa odgovornosti.
05:05
It takes away all the societal context
that we might be indicted for,
that we might be indicted for,
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Oduzima sav društveni kontekst
za koji možemo biti optuženi,
za koji možemo biti optuženi,
05:09
for the structural inequality,
or the poverty,
or the poverty,
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za strukturnu nejednakost, siromaštvo
05:11
or the barriers to migration.
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ili prepreke za migraciju.
05:13
We let ourselves think
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Dozvoljavamo sebi misao
05:14
that human trafficking is only
about forced prostitution,
about forced prostitution,
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da trgovina ljudima uključuje
samo prisilnu prostituciju,
samo prisilnu prostituciju,
05:18
when in reality,
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dok je realnost
05:20
human trafficking is embedded
in our everyday lives.
in our everyday lives.
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da je trgovina ljudima utkana
u naše svakodnevne živote.
u naše svakodnevne živote.
Dozvolite mi da vam pokažem
šta podrazumevam pod tim.
šta podrazumevam pod tim.
05:24
Let me show you what I mean.
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05:26
Forced prostitution accounts for
22 percent of human trafficking.
22 percent of human trafficking.
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Prisilna prostitucija čini
22 procenta trgovine ljudima.
22 procenta trgovine ljudima.
05:31
Ten percent is in state-
imposed forced labor.
imposed forced labor.
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Deset procenata je prisilan rad
koji nameće država,
koji nameće država,
05:35
but a whopping 68 percent
is for the purpose of creating the goods
is for the purpose of creating the goods
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ali je ogromnih 68 posto
u svrhu stvaranja robe
u svrhu stvaranja robe
05:40
and delivering the services
that most of us rely on every day,
that most of us rely on every day,
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i pružanja usluga na koje se
većina nas oslanja svaki dan,
većina nas oslanja svaki dan,
05:44
in sectors like agricultural work,
domestic work and construction.
domestic work and construction.
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u sektorima kao što su poljoprivredni rad,
kućni poslovi i građevina.
kućni poslovi i građevina.
05:49
That is food and care and shelter.
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To su hrana, briga i smeštaj,
05:53
And somehow, these most essential workers
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a nekako su ovi najbitniji radnici
05:55
are also among the world's most underpaid
and exploited today.
and exploited today.
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i među najmanje plaćenim
i eksploatisanim u svetu danas.
i eksploatisanim u svetu danas.
06:01
Human trafficking is the use
of force, fraud or coercion
of force, fraud or coercion
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Trgovina ljudima je upotreba sile,
prevare i prinude
prevare i prinude
06:05
to compel another person's labor.
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da bi se druga osoba prisilila na rad.
06:08
And it's found in cotton fields,
and coltan mines,
and coltan mines,
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Može se naći u pamučnim poljima,
rudnicima koltana,
rudnicima koltana,
06:11
and even car washes in Norway and England.
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čak i u auto-perionicama
u Norveškoj i Engleskoj.
u Norveškoj i Engleskoj.
06:14
It's found in U.S. military
bases in Iraq and Afghanistan.
bases in Iraq and Afghanistan.
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Dešava se u američkim bazama
u Iraku i Avganistanu.
u Iraku i Avganistanu.
06:18
It's found in Thailand's fishing industry.
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Dešava se u tajlandskoj
ribarskoj industriji.
ribarskoj industriji.
06:20
That country has become the largest
exporter of shrimp in the world.
exporter of shrimp in the world.
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Ta zemlja je postala
najveći izvoznik škampa na svetu.
najveći izvoznik škampa na svetu.
06:25
But what are the circumstances
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Kakve se okolnosti kriju
06:27
behind all that cheap
and plentiful shrimp?
and plentiful shrimp?
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iza tih jeftinih škampa
kojih ima u izobilju?
kojih ima u izobilju?
06:31
Thai military were caught selling
Burmese and Cambodian migrants
Burmese and Cambodian migrants
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Tajlandska vojska je uhvaćena u prodaji
burmanskih i kambodžanskih migranata
burmanskih i kambodžanskih migranata
06:35
onto fishing boats.
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na ribarskim čamcima.
06:37
Those fishing boats were taken out,
the men put to work,
the men put to work,
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Ovi ribarski čamci su pokupljeni,
ljudima je dat posao
ljudima je dat posao
06:41
and they were thrown overboard
if they made the mistake of falling sick,
if they made the mistake of falling sick,
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i bacani su u more ako bi
napravili grešku da se razbole
napravili grešku da se razbole
ili da se odupru načinu
na koji su se ophodili prema njima.
na koji su se ophodili prema njima.
06:44
or trying to resist their treatment.
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06:47
Those fish were then used to feed shrimp,
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Riba se zatim koristila
da bi se škampi nahranili.
da bi se škampi nahranili.
06:49
The shrimp were then sold
to four major global retailers:
to four major global retailers:
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Škampi su zatim prodavani
četvorici glavnih globalnih prodavaca:
četvorici glavnih globalnih prodavaca:
06:54
Costco, Tesco, Walmart and Carrefour.
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"Kostkou", "Tesku", "Volmartu"
i "Karforu".
i "Karforu".
07:01
Human trafficking is found
on a smaller scale than just that,
on a smaller scale than just that,
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Trgovina ljudima otkrivena je
u mnogo manjem obimu,
u mnogo manjem obimu,
07:04
and in places you would
never even imagine.
never even imagine.
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na mestima koja ne možete ni zamisliti.
07:07
Traffickers have forced young people
to drive ice cream trucks,
to drive ice cream trucks,
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Trgovci ljudima su terali ljude
da voze kamione sa sladoledima
da voze kamione sa sladoledima
07:10
or to sing in touring boys' choirs.
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ili da pevaju
u turističkim horovima dečaka.
u turističkim horovima dečaka.
07:12
Trafficking has even been found
in a hair braiding salon in New Jersey.
in a hair braiding salon in New Jersey.
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Trgovina ljudima može se naći
u salonima za pletenice u Nju Džerziju.
u salonima za pletenice u Nju Džerziju.
07:16
The scheme in that case was incredible.
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Prevara u tom slučaju
bila je neverovatna.
bila je neverovatna.
07:19
The traffickers found young families
who were from Ghana and Togo,
who were from Ghana and Togo,
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Trgovci ljudima su našli mlade porodice
koje su bile iz Gane ili Togoa
koje su bile iz Gane ili Togoa
07:25
and they told these families that
"your daughters are going to get
"your daughters are going to get
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i rekli im da će
"ćerke dobiti dobro obrazovanje
"ćerke dobiti dobro obrazovanje
07:29
a fine education in the United States."
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u Sjedinjenim Državama".
07:31
They then located winners
of the green card lottery,
of the green card lottery,
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Onda bi pronašli
dobitnike zelene karte na lutriji
dobitnike zelene karte na lutriji
07:34
and they told them, "We'll help you out.
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i rekli im: "Pomoći ćemo vam.
07:37
We'll get you a plane ticket.
We'll pay your fees.
We'll pay your fees.
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Uzećemo vam avionsku kartu.
Platićemo vam troškove.
Platićemo vam troškove.
07:40
All you have to do is take
this young girl with you,
this young girl with you,
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Sve što treba da uradite je
da povedete ovu devojku sa sobom.
da povedete ovu devojku sa sobom.
07:43
say that she's your sister or your spouse.
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Recite da vam je to sestra
ili supruga."
ili supruga."
07:46
Once everyone arrived in New Jersey,
the young girls were taken away,
the young girls were taken away,
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Kada bi svi stigli u Nju Džerzi,
devojke su odvedene
devojke su odvedene
07:50
and put to work for 14-hour days,
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i dat im je posao od 14 radnih sati,
07:52
seven days a week, for five years.
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sedam dana u nedelji, pet godina.
07:56
They made their traffickers
nearly four million dollars.
nearly four million dollars.
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Stvorile su trgovcima ljudima
blizu četiri miliona dolara.
blizu četiri miliona dolara.
08:02
This is a huge problem.
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Ovo je ogroman problem.
08:04
So what have we done about it?
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A šta smo uradili povodom toga?
08:07
We've mostly turned
to the criminal justice system.
to the criminal justice system.
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Uglavnom smo se obraćali
sistemu krivičnog pravosuđa.
sistemu krivičnog pravosuđa.
08:10
But keep in mind, most victims of human
trafficking are poor and marginalized.
trafficking are poor and marginalized.
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Imajte na umu, međutim, da je većina
žrtava siromašna i marginalizovana.
žrtava siromašna i marginalizovana.
08:14
They're migrants, people of color.
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Oni su migranti, obojeni ljudi.
08:16
Sometimes they're in the sex trade.
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Nekada su u trgovini seksom.
08:18
And for populations like these,
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Za populaciju kao što je ova,
08:20
the criminal justice system is
too often part of the problem,
too often part of the problem,
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krivični pravosudni sistem
je prečesto deo problema,
je prečesto deo problema,
08:23
rather than the solution.
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a ne rešenje.
08:26
In study after study, in countries ranging
from Bangladesh to the United States,
from Bangladesh to the United States,
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U studiji za studijom, u zemljama
od Bangladeša do Sjedinjenih Država,
od Bangladeša do Sjedinjenih Država,
08:31
between 20 and 60 percent of the people
in the sex trade who were surveyed
in the sex trade who were surveyed
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između 20 i 60 posto ljudi iz trgovine
seksom koji su ispitani reklo je
seksom koji su ispitani reklo je
08:35
said that they had been raped or assaulted
by the police in the past year alone.
by the police in the past year alone.
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da su bili silovani
ili napadnuti od strane policije
ili napadnuti od strane policije
samo tokom prethodne godine.
08:42
People in prostitution, including people
who have been trafficked into it,
who have been trafficked into it,
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Ljudi u prostituciji, uključujući ljude
kojima se trgovalo,
kojima se trgovalo,
08:45
regularly receive multiple
convictions for prostitution.
convictions for prostitution.
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redovno dobijaju
brojne presude za prostituciju.
brojne presude za prostituciju.
08:49
Having that criminal record makes it
so much more difficult
so much more difficult
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Posedovanje kriminalnog dosijea
čini da im je još teže
čini da im je još teže
08:52
to leave poverty, leave abuse,
or leave prostitution,
or leave prostitution,
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da ostave siromaštvo, zlostavljanje
ili prostituciju,
ili prostituciju,
08:56
if that person so desires.
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ako ta osoba to želi.
09:00
Workers outside of the sex sector --
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Radnici van seksualnog sektora -
09:02
if they try and resist their treatment,
they risk deportation.
they risk deportation.
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ako se odupiru ovakvom postupanju,
rizikuju da budu deportovani.
rizikuju da budu deportovani.
09:07
In case after case I've studied,
employers have no problem
employers have no problem
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U slučajevima koje sam proučavala,
poslodavci nemaju problem
poslodavci nemaju problem
09:10
calling on law enforcement
to try and threaten or deport
to try and threaten or deport
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sa pozivanjem policije da pokušaju
da zaprete deportacijom
da zaprete deportacijom
09:13
their striking trafficked workers.
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radnicima koji štrajkuju.
09:16
If those workers run away,
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Ako ovi radnici pobegnu,
09:18
they risk becoming part of the great mass
of undocumented workers
of undocumented workers
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rizikuju da postanu deo ogromne mase
radnika koji nisu zavedeni,
radnika koji nisu zavedeni,
09:23
who are also subject to the whims
of law enforcement if they're caught.
of law enforcement if they're caught.
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a koji su takođe predmet
policijskih hirova ako ih uhvate.
policijskih hirova ako ih uhvate.
09:29
Law enforcement is supposed to identify
victims and prosecute traffickers.
victims and prosecute traffickers.
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Policija bi trebalo da pronađe žrtve
i goni trgovce ljudima,
i goni trgovce ljudima,
09:36
But out of an estimated 21 million victims
of human trafficking in the world,
of human trafficking in the world,
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ali od procenjenog 21 miliona žrtava
trgovine ljudima u svetu,
trgovine ljudima u svetu,
09:40
they have helped and identified
fewer than 50,000 people.
fewer than 50,000 people.
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pomogli su i pronašli
manje od 50 000 ljudi.
manje od 50 000 ljudi.
09:45
That's like comparing
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To je kao upoređivanje
09:47
the population of the world
to the population of Los Angeles,
to the population of Los Angeles,
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svetske populacije
sa populacijom Los Anđelesa,
sa populacijom Los Anđelesa,
09:51
proportionally speaking.
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proporcionalno govoreći.
09:53
As for convictions, out of an estimated
5,700 convictions in 2013,
5,700 convictions in 2013,
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Što se presuda tiče, od otprilike
5700 presuda iz 2013. godine,
5700 presuda iz 2013. godine,
10:00
fewer than 500 were for labor trafficking.
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manje od 500 bilo je
za trgovinu radnicima.
za trgovinu radnicima.
10:03
Keep in mind that labor trafficking
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Imajte na umu da trgovina radnicima
10:05
accounts for 68 percent
of all trafficking,
of all trafficking,
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čini 68 procenata
ukupne trgovine ljudima,
ukupne trgovine ljudima,
10:08
but fewer than 10 percent
of the convictions.
of the convictions.
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ali manje od 10 procenata presuda.
10:14
I've heard one expert say that trafficking
happens where need meets greed.
happens where need meets greed.
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Čula sam jednog eksperta kako kaže
da se trgovina dešava
da se trgovina dešava
kada se potreba susretne sa pohlepom.
10:19
I'd like to add one more element to that.
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Želela bih da dodam još jedan element.
10:22
Trafficking happens in sectors where
workers are excluded from protections,
workers are excluded from protections,
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Trgovina ljudima se dešava u sektorima
gde ljudi nisu uključeni u zaštitu
gde ljudi nisu uključeni u zaštitu
10:26
and denied the right to organize.
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i gde im nije dozvoljeno da se organizuju.
10:29
Trafficking doesn't happen in a vacuum.
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Ona se ne dešava u vakuumu.
10:32
It happens in systematically
degraded work environments.
degraded work environments.
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Dešava se u sistematično degradiranim
radnim okruženjima.
radnim okruženjima.
10:37
You might be thinking,
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Možda mislite:
10:38
oh, she's talking about failed states,
or war-torn states, or --
or war-torn states, or --
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"Oh, ona priča o neuspešnim državama,
ili državama pogođenim ratom, ili..."
ili državama pogođenim ratom, ili..."
10:41
I'm actually talking
about the United States.
about the United States.
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U stvari, pričam o Sjedinjenim Državama.
10:44
Let me tell you what that looks like.
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Dozvolite mi da vam kažem kako to izgleda.
Mnogo meseci sam istraživala
slučaj trgovine ljudima
slučaj trgovine ljudima
10:47
I spent many months researching
a trafficking case called Global Horizons,
a trafficking case called Global Horizons,
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pod nazivom "Globalni horizonti",
10:50
involving hundreds of Thai farm workers.
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koji uključuje na stotine
tajlandskih radnika na farmama.
tajlandskih radnika na farmama.
10:53
They were sent all over the States,
to work in Hawaii pineapple plantations,
to work in Hawaii pineapple plantations,
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Poslati su širom SAD, da rade
na havajskim plantažama ananasa,
na havajskim plantažama ananasa,
10:56
and Washington apple orchards,
and anywhere the work was needed.
and anywhere the work was needed.
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vašingtonskim voćnjacima sa jabukama
i gde god da je rad potreban.
i gde god da je rad potreban.
11:00
They were promised three years
of solid agricultural work.
of solid agricultural work.
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Obećano im je da će tri godine
raditi solidan poljoprivredni posao.
raditi solidan poljoprivredni posao.
11:04
So they made a calculated risk.
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Tako su proračunato rizikovali.
11:06
They sold their land, they sold
their wives' jewelry,
their wives' jewelry,
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Prodali su svoju zemlju,
nakit svojih supruga,
nakit svojih supruga,
11:09
to make thousands in recruitment fees
for this company, Global Horizons.
for this company, Global Horizons.
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kako bi isplatili hiljade kao naknadu
za posao kompaniji "Globalni horizonti".
za posao kompaniji "Globalni horizonti".
11:14
But once they were brought over,
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Međutim, kada su dovedeni,
11:16
their passports were confiscated.
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pasoši su im konfiskovani.
11:18
Some of the men were beaten
and held at gunpoint.
and held at gunpoint.
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Neke od ljudi su tukli i držali na nišanu.
11:21
They worked so hard
they fainted in the fields.
they fainted in the fields.
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Radili su toliko puno da su se
onesvešćivali u poljima.
onesvešćivali u poljima.
11:26
This case hit me so hard.
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Ovaj slučaj me je jako pogodio.
11:29
After I came back home,
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Pošto sam se vratila kući,
11:31
I was wandering through the grocery store,
and I froze in the produce department.
and I froze in the produce department.
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lutala sam kroz radnju i zamrzla se
u odeljenju za namirnice.
u odeljenju za namirnice.
11:36
I was remembering the over-the-top meals
the Global Horizons survivors
the Global Horizons survivors
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Setila sam se preobilnih obroka
koje su mi pravili oni koji su preživeli
koje su mi pravili oni koji su preživeli
11:40
would make for me every time
I showed up to interview them.
I showed up to interview them.
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"Globalne Horizonte" svaki put
kada bi se pojavila da ih intervjuišem.
kada bi se pojavila da ih intervjuišem.
11:44
They finished one meal with this plate
of perfect, long-stemmed strawberries,
of perfect, long-stemmed strawberries,
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Završili su sa obrokom koji se sastojao
od savršenih jagoda sa dugim peteljkama,
od savršenih jagoda sa dugim peteljkama,
11:49
and as they handed them to me, they said,
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a dok su mi ih dodavali, rekli su:
11:51
"Aren't these the kind of strawberries
you eat with somebody special
you eat with somebody special
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"Zar ove jagode nisu ukusnije
ako ih jedete sa nekim posebnim
ako ih jedete sa nekim posebnim
11:55
in the States?
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1157
u Sjedninjenim Državama?
11:57
And don't they taste so much better
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Zar nemaju mnogo bolji ukus
11:58
when you know the people
whose hands picked them for you?"
whose hands picked them for you?"
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kada znate ljude čija ih je ruka
ubrala za vas?"
ubrala za vas?"
12:06
As I stood in that grocery store weeks
later, I realized I had no idea
later, I realized I had no idea
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Nedeljama nakon toga, dok sam stajala
u prodavnici, shvatila sam
u prodavnici, shvatila sam
da nemam predstavu
kome da se zahvalim za ovo obilje,
kome da se zahvalim za ovo obilje,
12:10
of who to thank for this plenty,
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12:12
and no idea of how
they were being treated.
they were being treated.
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niti kako su se prema njima odnosili.
12:15
So, like the journalist I am, I started
digging into the agricultural sector.
digging into the agricultural sector.
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Tako sam, kao novinarka, počela da kopam
po poljoprivrednom sektoru
po poljoprivrednom sektoru
12:20
And I found there are too many fields,
and too few labor inspectors.
and too few labor inspectors.
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i otkrila da postoji previše polja,
a premalo inspektora za rad.
a premalo inspektora za rad.
12:25
I found multiple layers
of plausible deniability
of plausible deniability
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Pronašla sam brojne nivoe
verodostojnih poricanja
verodostojnih poricanja
12:27
between grower and distributor
and processor, and God knows who else.
and processor, and God knows who else.
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između uzgajivača, distributera,
obrađivača i ko zna koga još.
obrađivača i ko zna koga još.
12:32
The Global Horizons survivors had been
brought to the States
brought to the States
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Oni koji su preživeli "Globalne horizonte"
dovedeni su u SAD
dovedeni su u SAD
12:35
on a temporary guest worker program.
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2239
preko privremenog programa
radnika posetilaca.
radnika posetilaca.
12:38
That guest worker program
ties a person's legal status
ties a person's legal status
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Taj program radnika posetilaca
vezuje legalni status osobe
vezuje legalni status osobe
12:42
to his or her employer,
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1642
za njegovog ili njenog poslodavca
12:44
and denies that worker
the right to organize.
the right to organize.
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3659
i ne dozvoljava radniku da se organizuje.
12:48
Mind you, none of what I am describing
about this agricultural sector
about this agricultural sector
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Pazite, ništa od ovoga što opisujem
u poljoprivrednom sektoru
u poljoprivrednom sektoru
12:52
or the guest worker program
is actually human trafficking.
is actually human trafficking.
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ili programu radnika posetilaca
nije u stvari trgovina ljudima.
nije u stvari trgovina ljudima.
12:57
It is merely what we find
legally tolerable.
legally tolerable.
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To je ono što se jedva može
zakonski tolerisati,
zakonski tolerisati,
13:02
And I would argue this is
fertile ground for exploitation.
fertile ground for exploitation.
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a rekla bih da je ovo plodno tle
za zloupotrebu.
za zloupotrebu.
13:06
And all of this had been hidden to me,
before I had tried to understand it.
before I had tried to understand it.
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Sve je ovo bilo skriveno od mene pre nego
što sam pokušala da ga razumem.
što sam pokušala da ga razumem.
13:11
I wasn't the only person
grappling with these issues.
grappling with these issues.
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Nisam bila jedina koja se
uhvatila u koštac sa ovim pitanjima.
uhvatila u koštac sa ovim pitanjima.
13:15
Pierre Omidyar, founder of eBay,
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Pjer Omidijar, osnivač Ibeja,
13:17
is one of the biggest anti-trafficking
philanthropists in the world.
philanthropists in the world.
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jedan je od najvećih svetskih filantropa
koji su protiv trgovine ljudima.
koji su protiv trgovine ljudima.
13:21
And even he wound up accidentally
investing nearly 10 million dollars
investing nearly 10 million dollars
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Čak je i on slučajno završio
investirajući skoro 10 miliona dolara
investirajući skoro 10 miliona dolara
13:26
in the pineapple plantation cited
as having the worst working conditions
as having the worst working conditions
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3660
u plantažu ananasa koja se navodila
kao plantaža koja je imala
kao plantaža koja je imala
13:30
in that Global Horizons case.
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2604
najgore uslove rada
u slučaju "Globalnih horizonata".
u slučaju "Globalnih horizonata".
13:34
When he found out, he and his wife
were shocked and horrified,
were shocked and horrified,
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Kada je otkrio, on i njegova žena
bili su šokirani i užasnuti
bili su šokirani i užasnuti
13:38
and they wound up writing
an op-ed for a newspaper,
an op-ed for a newspaper,
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i na kraju su napisali članak za novine,
13:41
saying that it was up to all of us
to learn everything we can
to learn everything we can
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3899
govoreći da zavisi od svih nas
da naučimo sve što možemo
da naučimo sve što možemo
13:44
about the labor and supply chains
of the products that we support.
of the products that we support.
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o radu i lancima snabdevanja
proizvodima koje podržavamo.
proizvodima koje podržavamo.
13:49
I totally agree.
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Potpuno se slažem.
13:53
What would happen
if each one of us decided
if each one of us decided
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Šta bi se desilo
ako bi svako od nas odlučio
ako bi svako od nas odlučio
13:55
that we are no longer going
to support companies
to support companies
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823797
2557
da više neće podržavati kompanije
13:58
if they don't eliminate exploitation
from their labor and supply chains?
from their labor and supply chains?
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3566
ako ne eliminišu eksploataciju
iz svog rada i lanaca snabdevanja?
iz svog rada i lanaca snabdevanja?
14:02
If we demanded laws calling for the same?
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Ako bismo zahtevali da zakoni
pozivaju na isto?
pozivaju na isto?
14:05
If all the CEOs out there decided
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Ako bi svi direktori odlučili
14:08
that they were going to go through
their businesses and say, "no more"?
their businesses and say, "no more"?
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3502
da će pročešljati svoje poslove
i reći "ne više"?
i reći "ne više"?
14:13
If we ended recruitment fees
for migrant workers?
for migrant workers?
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Ako bismo okončali davanje nadoknada
za zapošljavanje migranata?
za zapošljavanje migranata?
Ako bismo odlučili da bi radnici posetioci
trebalo da imaju pravo da se organizuju
trebalo da imaju pravo da se organizuju
14:16
If we decided that guest workers
should have the right to organize
should have the right to organize
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14:19
without fear of retaliation?
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bez straha od odmazde?
14:21
These would be decisions heard
around the world.
around the world.
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Ove bi odluke odjeknule širom sveta.
14:26
This isn't a matter of buying
a fair-trade peach
a fair-trade peach
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To nije pitanje kupovine breskve
iz poštene trgovine,
iz poštene trgovine,
14:29
and calling it a day, buying
a guilt-free zone with your money.
a guilt-free zone with your money.
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a zatim to nazvati završenim,
kroz kupovinu zone bez krivice.
kroz kupovinu zone bez krivice.
14:33
That's not how it works.
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To tako ne funkcioniše.
14:35
This is the decision to change
a system that is broken,
a system that is broken,
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Ovo je odluka da se promeni
sistem koji ne valja
sistem koji ne valja
14:39
and that we have unwittingly but willingly
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3511
i da smo nenamerno, ali voljno
14:42
allowed ourselves to profit from
and benefit from for too long.
and benefit from for too long.
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dozvolili sebi da profitiramo
i imamo koristi iz toga predugo.
i imamo koristi iz toga predugo.
14:49
We often dwell on human trafficking
survivors' victimization.
survivors' victimization.
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Često se zadržavamo kod viktimizacije
onih koji su preživeli trgovinu ljudima,
onih koji su preživeli trgovinu ljudima,
14:54
But that is not my experience of them.
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ali ja ih tako ne doživljavam.
14:57
Over all the years that I've
been talking to them,
been talking to them,
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Tokom svih ovih godina
kada sam pričala sa njima,
kada sam pričala sa njima,
15:00
they have taught me that we are
more than our worst days.
more than our worst days.
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naučili su me da smo nešto više
od naših najgorih dana.
od naših najgorih dana.
15:03
Each one of us is more
than what we have lived through.
than what we have lived through.
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Svako od nas je više od onoga
što je preživeo,
što je preživeo,
a posebno oni koji su preživeli
trgovinu ljudima.
trgovinu ljudima.
15:08
Especially trafficking survivors.
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896183
2078
15:10
These people were the most resourceful
and resilient and responsible
and resilient and responsible
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898746
3623
Ovi ljudi bili su najsnalažljiviji,
najotporniji i najodgovorniji
najotporniji i najodgovorniji
15:14
in their communities.
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1159
u svojim zajednicama.
15:16
They were the people that you
would take a gamble on.
would take a gamble on.
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2654
Bili su to ljudi
na koje biste se kladili.
na koje biste se kladili.
15:19
You'd say, I'm gong to sell my rings,
because I have the chance
because I have the chance
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3182
Rekli biste; "prodaću svoje prstenje
zato što mi se pružila prilika
zato što mi se pružila prilika
15:22
to send you off to a better future.
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2201
da vas ispratim u bolju budućnost."
15:25
They were the emissaries of hope.
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2126
Bili su izaslanici nade.
15:29
These survivors don't need saving.
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2978
Ovim preživelima ne treba spašavanje.
15:32
They need solidarity,
because they're behind
because they're behind
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3044
Treba im solidarnost, jer stoje iza nekih
15:35
some of the most exciting
social justice movements out there today.
social justice movements out there today.
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3747
od današnjih najuzbudljivijih pokreta
za društvenu pravdu.
za društvenu pravdu.
15:40
The nannies and housekeepers
who marched with their families
who marched with their families
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Dadilje i domaćice
koje su marširale sa svojim porodicama
koje su marširale sa svojim porodicama
15:43
and their employers' families --
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931727
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i porodicama svojih poslodavaca -
15:45
their activism got us
an international treaty
an international treaty
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2918
njihov aktivizam nam je doneo
internacionalni sporazum
internacionalni sporazum
15:48
on domestic workers' rights.
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1886
o pravima radnika koji se bave
kućnim poslovima.
kućnim poslovima.
15:51
The Nepali women who were trafficked
into the sex trade --
into the sex trade --
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3995
Žene iz Nepala kojoma se trgovalo
u seksualnoj trgovini -
u seksualnoj trgovini -
15:55
they came together, and they decided
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943303
1747
udružile su se i odlučile
15:57
that they were going to make the world's
first anti-trafficking organization
first anti-trafficking organization
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3597
da će stvoriti prvu svetsku organizaciju
protiv trgovine ljudima
protiv trgovine ljudima
16:00
actually headed and run
by trafficking survivors themselves.
by trafficking survivors themselves.
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3576
koju će u stvari predvoditi
i voditi sami preživeli.
i voditi sami preživeli.
16:05
These Indian shipyard workers
were trafficked
were trafficked
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953681
2778
Ovim indijskim radnicima
sa brodogradilišta trgovalo se
sa brodogradilišta trgovalo se
16:08
to do post-Hurricane Katrina
reconstruction.
reconstruction.
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2691
da bi radili na rekonstrukciji
posle uragana Katrina.
posle uragana Katrina.
16:11
They were threatened with deportation,
but they broke out of their work compound
but they broke out of their work compound
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3774
Pretili su im deportacijom,
ali su izašli iz svojih radnih postrojenja
ali su izašli iz svojih radnih postrojenja
16:15
and they marched from New Orleans
to Washington, D.C.,
to Washington, D.C.,
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3379
i hodali od Nju Orleansa do Vašingtona
16:18
to protest labor exploitation.
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2239
da bi protestovali
zbog zloupotrebe na radu.
zbog zloupotrebe na radu.
16:21
They cofounded an organization called
the National Guest Worker Alliance,
the National Guest Worker Alliance,
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3515
Učestvovali su u osnivanju "Alijanse
nacionalnih radnika posetilaca",
nacionalnih radnika posetilaca",
16:25
and through this organization,
they have wound up helping other workers
they have wound up helping other workers
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4684
a kroz ovu organizaciju nastavili su
da pomažu drugim radnicima,
da pomažu drugim radnicima,
16:30
bring to light exploitation
and abuses in supply chains
and abuses in supply chains
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978025
4398
razotkrivajući eksploataciju
i zloupotrebe u lancima snabdevanja
i zloupotrebe u lancima snabdevanja
u "Volmartovim" i "Heršijevim" fabrikama.
16:34
in Walmart and Hershey's factories.
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1668
16:36
And although the Department
of Justice declined to take their case,
of Justice declined to take their case,
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984139
4181
Iako je Ministarstvo pravde
odbilo da preuzme njihov slučaj,
odbilo da preuzme njihov slučaj,
16:40
a team of civil rights lawyers won
the first of a dozen civil suits
the first of a dozen civil suits
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4242
tim advokata za građanska prava dobio je
prvu od desetak građanskih parnica
prvu od desetak građanskih parnica
16:44
this February, and got
their clients 14 million dollars.
their clients 14 million dollars.
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3906
februara ove godine i dobio je
za svoje klijente 14 miliona dolara.
za svoje klijente 14 miliona dolara.
16:50
These survivors are fighting
for people they don't even know yet,
for people they don't even know yet,
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4257
Ovi preživeli se bore za ljude
koje još uvek ne poznaju.
koje još uvek ne poznaju.
16:54
other workers, and for the possibility
of a just world for all of us.
of a just world for all of us.
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1002541
4351
druge radnike, kao i za mogućnost
pravednog sveta za sve nas.
pravednog sveta za sve nas.
16:59
This is our chance to do the same.
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2000
Ovo je naša šansa da učinimo isto.
17:02
This is our chance to make the decision
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2183
Ovo je naša šansa da donesemo odluku
17:04
that tells us who we are,
as a people and as a society;
as a people and as a society;
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1012923
3833
koja nam govori ko smo,
kao ljudi i kao zajednica;
kao ljudi i kao zajednica;
17:08
that our prosperity is no
longer prosperity,
longer prosperity,
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1016778
2847
da naš napredak nije više napredak
17:11
as long as it is pinned
to other people's pain;
to other people's pain;
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3873
dokle god je vezan za bol drugih ljudi;
17:15
that our lives are
inextricably woven together;
inextricably woven together;
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3604
da su naši životi nerazmrsivo utkani
jedni u druge
jedni u druge
17:19
and that we have the power
to make a different choice.
to make a different choice.
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1027193
3888
i da imamo snage
da napravimo drugačiji izbor.
da napravimo drugačiji izbor.
17:26
I was so reluctant to share
my story of my auntie with you.
my story of my auntie with you.
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4803
Toliko sam oklevala da podelim priču
o svojoj teti sa vama.
o svojoj teti sa vama.
Pre nego što sam započela ovaj TED proces
i popela se na ovu binu,
i popela se na ovu binu,
17:31
Before I started this TED process
and climbed up on this stage,
and climbed up on this stage,
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1039976
2977
17:34
I had told literally a handful
of people about it,
of people about it,
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2976
bukvalno sam samo šačici ljudi
pričala o tome jer,
pričala o tome jer,
17:37
because, like many a journalist,
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1952
kao mnogi novinari,
17:39
I am far more interested in learning
about your stories
about your stories
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2890
mnogo sam više zainteresovana
da saznam vaše priče
da saznam vaše priče
17:42
than sharing much,
if anything, about my own.
if anything, about my own.
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3218
nego da mnogo podelim,
ako i uopšte, o sebi.
ako i uopšte, o sebi.
17:47
I also haven't done my journalistic
due diligence on this.
due diligence on this.
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Takođe, nisam uradila ni novinarsku
savesnu procenu ovoga.
savesnu procenu ovoga.
17:50
I haven't issued my mountains
of document requests,
of document requests,
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2404
Nisam još uvek podnela svoje
bezbrojne zahteve,
bezbrojne zahteve,
17:52
and interviewed everyone and their mother,
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1060670
2237
intervjuisala svakoga,
a zatim i njihovu majku
a zatim i njihovu majku
17:54
and I haven't found my auntie yet.
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2000
i nisam našla svoju tetu još uvek.
17:57
I don't know her story
of what happened, and of her life now.
of what happened, and of her life now.
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4828
N znam njenu priču o tome
šta se desilo, kao ni o njenom životu.
šta se desilo, kao ni o njenom životu.
18:02
The story as I've told it to you
is messy and unfinished.
is messy and unfinished.
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3380
Priča koju sam vam ispričala
je u haosu i nedovršena,
je u haosu i nedovršena,
18:06
But I think it mirrors the messy
and unfinished situation we're all in,
and unfinished situation we're all in,
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4852
ali mislim da odražava nedovršenu
situaciju i haos u kom smo svi mi,
situaciju i haos u kom smo svi mi,
18:11
when it comes to human trafficking.
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2000
a kada se radi o trgovini ljudima.
18:14
We are all implicated in this problem.
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2714
Umešani smo u ovaj problem,
18:18
But that means we are all
also part of its solution.
also part of its solution.
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4487
ali to znači i da smo deo rešenja.
18:24
Figuring out how to build a more
just world is our work to do,
just world is our work to do,
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Otkrivanje kako da izgradimo
pravedniji svet je naš posao
pravedniji svet je naš posao
18:28
and our story to tell.
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1901
i priča koju treba da ispričamo.
Hajde da to uradimo na način
na koji je to trebalo da uradimo
na koji je to trebalo da uradimo
18:31
So let us tell it the way
we should have done,
we should have done,
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18:33
from the very beginning.
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od samog početka.
18:35
Let us tell this story together.
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Hajde da zajedno ispričamo ovu priču.
18:39
Thank you so much.
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Hvala vam.
18:40
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Noy Thrupkaew - Global journalistNoy Thrupkaew reports on human trafficking and the economics of exploitation through the lens of labor rights.
Why you should listen
Noy Thrupkaew writes on global issues on a local scale. The focus of her studies (and the subject of her forthcoming book) is human trafficking and the exploitative economic systems and corrupt officials behind it. She is a keen critic of the role of anti-trafficking organizations in the struggle against it, calling for long-range approaches that go beyond mere prohibition.
As an independent journalist, Thrupkaew has written for a wide variety of outlets including The Nation, National Geographic and The New York Times.
Noy Thrupkaew | Speaker | TED.com