TED2016
Trevor Timm: How free is our freedom of the press?
Trevor Timm: Koliko je slobodna naša sloboda tiska?
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U SAD-u, tisak ima prvim amandmanom zagarantirano pravo objavljivanja tajnih informacija koje javnost mora znati. Vladin nadzor je dijeljenje informacija naročito otežao "zviždačima", koji su izvor praktički svake važne priče o nacionalnoj sigurnosti nakon 11. rujna. U ovom sažetom, informativnom govoru, suosnivač zaklade Freedom of the Press i sudionik TED fellows programa, Trevor Timm, obrađuje povijest nadzora koju vrši američka vlada nad pojedincina koji razotkrivaju kriminal i nepravdu, te se zalaže za tehnologiju koja im može pomoći da uspiju u tome sigurno i anonimno.
Trevor Timm - Writer, activist and legal analyst
Trevor Timm is the co-founder and executive director of Freedom of the Press Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports and defends journalism dedicated to transparency and accountability. Full bio
Trevor Timm is the co-founder and executive director of Freedom of the Press Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports and defends journalism dedicated to transparency and accountability. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So this is James Risen.
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Ovo je James Risen.
00:15
You may know him as the
Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter
Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter
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Možda ga znate kao novinara,
dobitnika Pulitzerove nagrade
dobitnika Pulitzerove nagrade
00:17
for The New York Times.
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iz The New York Timesa.
00:19
Long before anybody knew
Edward Snowden's name,
Edward Snowden's name,
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Mnogo prije nego što je itko čuo
za Edward Snowden,
za Edward Snowden,
00:22
Risen wrote a book in which
he famously exposed
he famously exposed
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Risen je napisao knjigu
u kojoj je razotkrio
u kojoj je razotkrio
00:25
that the NSA was illegally wiretapping
the phone calls of Americans.
the phone calls of Americans.
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da je NSA nezakonito prisluškivala
telefonske pozive Amerikanaca.
telefonske pozive Amerikanaca.
00:29
But it's another chapter in that book
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No, jedno drugo poglavlje te knjige
00:31
that may have an even more lasting impact.
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možda ima još trajniji utjecaj.
00:34
In it, he describes a catastrophic
US intelligence operation
US intelligence operation
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U njemu on opisuje katastrofalnu
operaciju američkih obavještajaca,
operaciju američkih obavještajaca,
00:39
in which the CIA quite literally
handed over blueprints
handed over blueprints
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u kojoj je CIA skoro
doslovno predala nacrte
doslovno predala nacrte
00:42
of a nuclear bomb to Iran.
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nuklearne bombe Iranu.
00:44
If that sounds crazy, go read it.
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Ako vam to zvuči blesavo, pročitajte.
00:46
It's an incredible story.
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To je nevjerojatna priča.
00:48
But you know who didn't like that chapter?
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Znate li kome se
nije svidjelo to poglavlje?
nije svidjelo to poglavlje?
00:50
The US government.
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Američkoj vladi.
00:52
For nearly a decade afterwards,
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Gotovo desetljeće kasnije,
00:54
Risen was the subject
of a US government investigation
of a US government investigation
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Risen je bio predmet istrage
američke vlade,
američke vlade,
00:58
in which prosecutors demanded
that he testify
that he testify
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u kojoj su tužitelji
zahtijevali da on svjedoči
zahtijevali da on svjedoči
01:00
against one of his alleged sources.
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protiv jednog od njegovih
navodnih izvora.
navodnih izvora.
01:02
And along the way, he became the face
for the US government's recent pattern
for the US government's recent pattern
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S vremenom, postao je primjer
obrasca američke vlade
obrasca američke vlade
01:06
of prosecuting whistleblowers
and spying on journalists.
and spying on journalists.
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za progon "zviždača"
i špijuniranje novinara.
i špijuniranje novinara.
01:10
You see, under the First Amendment,
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Vidite, pod Prvim amandmanom,
01:12
the press has the right to publish
secret information in the public interest.
secret information in the public interest.
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tisak ima pravo objavljivanja
tajnih informacije od javnog značaja.
tajnih informacije od javnog značaja.
01:16
But it's impossible to exercise that right
if the media can't also gather that news
if the media can't also gather that news
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No, nemoguće je koristiti to pravo
ako mediji ne mogu i prikupiti te vijesti
ako mediji ne mogu i prikupiti te vijesti
01:21
and protect the identities
of the brave men and women
of the brave men and women
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te zaštititi identitete
tih hrabrih muškaraca i žena
tih hrabrih muškaraca i žena
01:24
who get it to them.
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koji im ih dostavljaju.
01:26
So when the government came knocking,
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I kada mu je Vlada zakucala na vrata,
01:28
Risen did what many brave reporters
have done before him:
have done before him:
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Risen je učinio isto što i mnogi
hrabri novinari prije njega:
hrabri novinari prije njega:
01:31
he refused
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odbio je
01:32
and said he'd rather go to jail.
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i rekao da će radije ići u zatvor.
01:34
So from 2007 to 2015,
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I tako je od 2007. do 2015. godine
01:37
Risen lived under the specter
of going to federal prison.
of going to federal prison.
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Risen živio sa sablašću
odlaska u federalni zatvor.
odlaska u federalni zatvor.
01:40
That is, until just days before the trial,
when a curious thing happened.
when a curious thing happened.
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Odnosno, sve do samo nekoliko dana pred
suđenje, kad se nešto zanimljivo dogodilo.
suđenje, kad se nešto zanimljivo dogodilo.
01:45
Suddenly, after years of claiming
it was vital to their case,
it was vital to their case,
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Iznenada, nakon godina tvrdnje
da je to ključno za njihov slučaj,
da je to ključno za njihov slučaj,
01:49
the government dropped their demands
to Risen altogether.
to Risen altogether.
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vlada je odbacila sve zahtjeve za Risena.
01:52
It turns out, in the age
of electronic surveillance,
of electronic surveillance,
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Ispostavilo se da je u doba
elektronskog nadzora,
elektronskog nadzora,
01:55
there are very few places
reporters and sources can hide.
reporters and sources can hide.
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vrlo malo mjesta na koja se
novinari i izvori mogu sakriti.
novinari i izvori mogu sakriti.
01:58
And instead of trying and failing
to have Risen testify,
to have Risen testify,
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I umjesto truda i neuspjeha
oko Risenovog svjedočenja,
oko Risenovog svjedočenja,
02:02
they could have his digital trail
testify against him instead.
testify against him instead.
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mogli su uzeti njegov digitalni trag
da svjedoči protiv njega.
da svjedoči protiv njega.
02:06
So completely in secret
and without his consent,
and without his consent,
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Stoga su u potpunoj tajnosti
i bez njegovog pristanka,
i bez njegovog pristanka,
02:09
prosecutors got Risen's phone records.
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tužitelji dobili Risenov
popis telefonskih poziva.
popis telefonskih poziva.
02:11
They got his email records,
his financial and banking information,
his financial and banking information,
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Dobili su spisak e-mailova, njegove
financijske i bankovne informacije,
financijske i bankovne informacije,
02:16
his credit reports,
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kreditna izvješća,
02:18
even travel records with a list
of flights he had taken.
of flights he had taken.
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čak i izvještaje o putovanjima
s popisom letova.
s popisom letova.
02:21
And it was among this information that
they used to convict Jeffrey Sterling,
they used to convict Jeffrey Sterling,
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I ove informacije su iskoristili
da osude Jeffreya Sterlinga,
da osude Jeffreya Sterlinga,
02:25
Risen's alleged source
and CIA whistleblower.
and CIA whistleblower.
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Risenov navodni izvor
i CIA-inog "zviždača".
i CIA-inog "zviždača".
02:30
Sadly, this is only one case of many.
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Nažalost, ovo je samo
jedan slučaj od mnogih.
jedan slučaj od mnogih.
02:33
President Obama ran on a promise
to protect whistleblowers,
to protect whistleblowers,
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Predsjednik Obama je u kampanji obećao
da će štititi "zviždače",
da će štititi "zviždače",
a umjesto toga, njegovo Ministarstvo
pravosuđa progonilo je više novinara
pravosuđa progonilo je više novinara
02:36
and instead, his Justice Department
has prosecuted more
has prosecuted more
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02:40
than all other administrations combined.
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od svih prethodnih administracija zajedno.
02:43
Now, you can see how this
could be a problem,
could be a problem,
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Vidite kako bi to mogao biti problem,
02:45
especially because the government
considers so much of what it does secret.
considers so much of what it does secret.
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naročito zato jer vlada
većinu svojih poslova smatra tajnim.
većinu svojih poslova smatra tajnim.
02:50
Since 9/11, virtually every important
story about national security
story about national security
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Od 11. rujna, skoro svaka važna priča
o nacionalnoj sigurnosti
o nacionalnoj sigurnosti
02:55
has been the result of a whistleblower
coming to a journalist.
coming to a journalist.
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bila je rezultat prilaska
"zviždača" novinarima.
"zviždača" novinarima.
02:58
So we risk seeing the press
unable to do their job
unable to do their job
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Tako ćemo možda vidjeti medije
koji ne mogu raditi svoj posao,
koji ne mogu raditi svoj posao,
03:01
that the First Amendment
is supposed to protect
is supposed to protect
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a koje bi Prvi amandman trebao štititi,
03:03
because of the government's
expanded ability to spy on everyone.
expanded ability to spy on everyone.
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zbog vladine sve izraženije
sposobnosti da špijunira svakoga.
sposobnosti da špijunira svakoga.
03:07
But just as technology has allowed
the government
the government
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No, baš kao što je tehnologija
omogućila vladi
omogućila vladi
03:09
to circumvent reporters' rights,
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da izigra prava novinara,
03:12
the press can also use technology
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novinari također mogu
koristiti tehnologiju
koristiti tehnologiju
03:14
to protect their sources
even better than before.
even better than before.
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za zaštitu svojih izvora,
čak bolje nego prije.
čak bolje nego prije.
03:17
And they can start from the moment
they begin speaking with them,
they begin speaking with them,
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Mogu početi od trenutka
kada su krenuli razgovarati s njima,
kada su krenuli razgovarati s njima,
03:20
rather than on the witness stand
after the fact.
after the fact.
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umjesto na klupi za svjedoke
nakon počinjenog djela.
nakon počinjenog djela.
03:24
Communications software now exists
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Danas postoji komunikacijski softver
03:26
that wasn't available
when Risen was writing his book,
when Risen was writing his book,
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koji nije bio dostupan
dok je Risen pisao knjigu,
dok je Risen pisao knjigu,
03:28
and is much more surveillance-resistant
than regular emails or phone calls.
than regular emails or phone calls.
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i mnogo je otporniji na nadzor
od običnih e-mailova i telefonskih poziva.
od običnih e-mailova i telefonskih poziva.
03:33
For example, one such tool is SecureDrop,
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Na primjer, jedno takvo
oruđe je SecureDrop,
oruđe je SecureDrop,
03:38
an open-source whistleblower
submission system
submission system
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open-source sustav
za podnošenje dokaza "zviždača",
za podnošenje dokaza "zviždača",
03:40
that was originally created by the late
Internet luminary Aaron Swartz,
Internet luminary Aaron Swartz,
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kojeg je prvobitno kreirao
prosvjetitelj interneta, Aaron Swartz,
prosvjetitelj interneta, Aaron Swartz,
03:44
and is now developed
at the non-profit where I work,
at the non-profit where I work,
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a trenutno ga razvijaju
u mojoj neprofitnoj organizaciji,
u mojoj neprofitnoj organizaciji,
03:47
Freedom of the Press Foundation.
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zakladi Freedom of the Press.
03:49
Instead of sending an email,
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Umesto slanja e-maila,
03:51
you go to a news organization's website,
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odete na stranicu organizacije,
03:53
like this one here on The Washington Post.
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poput ove The Washington Posta.
03:56
From there, you can upload a document
or send information
or send information
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Otuda možete poslati dokument
ili informaciju,
ili informaciju,
03:59
much like you would
on any other contact form.
on any other contact form.
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kao što biste u bilo kojem
obrascu za kontakte.
obrascu za kontakte.
04:02
It'll then be encrypted
and stored on a server
and stored on a server
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Zatim to prolazi enkripciju
i pohranjuje se na server
i pohranjuje se na server
04:05
that only the news organization
has access to.
has access to.
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kojem ima pristup samo ta organizacija.
04:08
So the government can no longer
secretly demand the information,
secretly demand the information,
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Tako vlada više ne može
u tajnosti zahtijevati informacije,
u tajnosti zahtijevati informacije,
04:11
and much of the information
they would demand
they would demand
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a većina informacija koje bi zahtijevali
04:13
wouldn't be available in the first place.
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ionako ne bi bilo dostupno.
04:16
SecureDrop, though, is really
only a small part of the puzzle
only a small part of the puzzle
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SecureDrop je, ipak,
zaista samo djelić slagalice
zaista samo djelić slagalice
04:19
for protecting press freedom
in the 21st century.
in the 21st century.
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u zaštiti slobode tiska u 21. stoljeću.
04:23
Unfortunately, governments
all over the world
all over the world
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Nažalost, vlade širom svijeta
04:25
are constantly developing
new spying techniques
new spying techniques
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stalno razvijaju nove tehnike špijuniranja
04:27
that put us all at risk.
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koje su rizične za sve nas.
04:30
And it's up to us going forward
to make sure
to make sure
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A na nama je da se nadalje pobrinemo
04:32
that it's not just
the tech-savvy whistleblowers,
the tech-savvy whistleblowers,
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da to nisu samo
tehnološki potkovani "zviždači"
tehnološki potkovani "zviždači"
04:35
like Edward Snowden, who have
an avenue for exposing wrongdoing.
an avenue for exposing wrongdoing.
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poput Edwarda Snowdena,
koji imaju puteve razotkrivanja nepravde.
koji imaju puteve razotkrivanja nepravde.
04:39
It's just as vital that we protect the
next veteran's health care whistleblower
next veteran's health care whistleblower
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Jednako je važno da zaštitimo sljedećeg
"zviždača" o zdravstvenoj njezi veterana,
"zviždača" o zdravstvenoj njezi veterana,
04:44
alerting us to overcrowded hospitals,
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koji nas upozorava na prenatrpane bolnice,
04:47
or the next environmental worker
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ili sljedećeg ekologa,
04:49
sounding the alarm
about Flint's dirty water,
about Flint's dirty water,
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koji glasno upozorava
o Flintovim zagađenim vodama,
o Flintovim zagađenim vodama,
04:53
or a Wall Street insider
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ili insajdera s Wall Streeta,
04:54
warning us of the next financial crisis.
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koji nas upozorava
na novu financijsku krizu.
na novu financijsku krizu.
04:57
After all, these tools weren't just built
to help the brave men and women
to help the brave men and women
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Na kraju, ova oruđa nisu samo napravljena
da zaštite hrabre muškarce i žene
da zaštite hrabre muškarce i žene
05:02
who expose crimes,
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koji razotkrivaju zločine,
05:03
but are meant to protect
all of our rights under the Constitution.
all of our rights under the Constitution.
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već su i sredstva zaštite
svih naših ustavnih prava.
svih naših ustavnih prava.
05:07
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
05:08
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Trevor Timm - Writer, activist and legal analystTrevor Timm is the co-founder and executive director of Freedom of the Press Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports and defends journalism dedicated to transparency and accountability.
Why you should listen
Trevor Timm is a co-founder and the executive director of the Freedom of the Press Foundation. He is a journalist, activist, and lawyer who writes a twice weekly column for The Guardian on privacy, free speech, and national security. He has contributed to The Atlantic, Al Jazeera, Foreign Policy, Harvard Law and Policy Review, PBS MediaShift and Politico.
Trevor formerly worked as an activist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation. Before that, he helped the longtime General Counsel of The New York Times, James Goodale, write a book on the Pentagon Papers and the First Amendment. He received his J.D. from New York Law School.
Trevor Timm | Speaker | TED.com