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Britt Wray: How climate change affects your mental health
Britt Wray: Kako klimatske promjene utječu na vaše mentalno zdravlje
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"Pored svega što je dosad izrečeno o klimatskim promjenama, nismo čuli ni približno dovoljno o psihološkim učincima života u svijetu koji se zagrijava", kaže znanstvena spisateljica Britt Wray. U ovom brzom govoru, ona istražuje kako klimatske promjene utječu na naše blagostanje -- mentalno, društveno i duhovno -- i nudi polazišnu ideju što možemo učiniti oko toga.
Britt Wray - Science storyteller, author, broadcaster
Britt Wray's work is about life and what we make of it: past, present and future. Full bio
Britt Wray's work is about life and what we make of it: past, present and future. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
For all that's ever been said
about climate change,
about climate change,
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Pored svega što je izrečeno
o klimatskim promjenama,
o klimatskim promjenama,
00:16
we haven't heard nearly enough
about the psychological impacts
about the psychological impacts
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nismo čuli ni približno dovoljno
o psihološkim učincima
o psihološkim učincima
00:20
of living in a warming world.
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života u svijetu koji se zagrijava.
00:22
If you've heard the grim climate research
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Ako ste čuli za suhoparna
klimatska istraživanja
klimatska istraživanja
00:24
that science communicators like me
weave into our books and documentaries,
weave into our books and documentaries,
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koja publicisti znanosti poput mene upliću
u naše knjige i dokumentarce,
u naše knjige i dokumentarce,
00:28
you've probably felt bouts of fear,
fatalism or hopelessness.
fatalism or hopelessness.
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vjerojatno ste osjetili nalete straha,
fatalnosti i beznađa.
fatalnosti i beznađa.
Ako ste bili zahvaćeni
klimatskom katastrofom,
klimatskom katastrofom,
00:32
If you've been impacted
by climate disaster,
by climate disaster,
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00:34
these feelings can set in much deeper,
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ovi osjećaji mogu se uvući mnogo dublje,
00:36
leading to shock, trauma,
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što može dovesti do šoka, traume,
00:39
strained relationships, substance abuse
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ugroženih odnosa,
zloupotrebe opojnih tvari
zloupotrebe opojnih tvari
00:41
and the loss of personal
identity and control.
identity and control.
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i gubitka osobnog identiteta i kontrole.
00:44
Vital political and technological work
is underway to moderate our climate chaos,
is underway to moderate our climate chaos,
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Odvija se važan politički i tehnološki
posao ublažavanja našeg klimatskog kaosa,
posao ublažavanja našeg klimatskog kaosa,
00:48
but I'm here to evoke a feeling in you
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ali danas sam ovdje kako bih u vama
izazvala osjećaj
izazvala osjećaj
00:51
for why we also need
our actions and policies
our actions and policies
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zašto je potrebno
da naše akcije i politike
da naše akcije i politike
odražavaju razumijevanje kako naš
okoliš koji prolazi promjenu
okoliš koji prolazi promjenu
00:54
to reflect an understanding
of how our changing environments
of how our changing environments
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00:57
threaten our mental,
social and spiritual well-being.
social and spiritual well-being.
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prijeti našem mentalnom,
društvenom i duhovnom blagostanju.
društvenom i duhovnom blagostanju.
01:00
The anxiety, grief and depression
of climate scientists and activists
of climate scientists and activists
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Tjeskoba, tuga i depresija
klimatskih znanstvenika i aktivista
klimatskih znanstvenika i aktivista
01:04
have been reported on for years.
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prepoznata je već godinama.
01:06
Trends we've seen
after extreme weather events
after extreme weather events
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Nakon ekstremnih vremenskih događaja,
01:08
like hurricane Sandy or Katrina
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poput uragana Sandy ili Katrine,
01:10
for increased PTSD and suicidality.
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dolazi do većeg broja PTSP-a i
nagona za samoubojstvom.
nagona za samoubojstvom.
Postoje brojni podaci o mentalnom zdravlju
iz zajednica sjevernog podneblja
iz zajednica sjevernog podneblja
01:13
And there are rich mental-health data
from northern communities
from northern communities
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01:16
where warming is the fastest,
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gdje je zagrijavanje najbrže,
01:18
like the Inuit in Labrador,
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naprimjer Inuiti u Labradoru,
01:20
who face existential distress
as they witness the ice,
as they witness the ice,
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koji su suočeni s egzistencijalnim
užasom dok gledaju kako led,
užasom dok gledaju kako led,
01:23
a big part of their identity,
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velik dio njihovog identiteta,
01:24
vanishing before their eyes.
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nestaje pred njihovim očima.
01:27
Now if that weren't enough,
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Kao da to nije dovoljno,
01:28
the American Psychological Association
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Američko udruženje psihologa
01:30
says that our psychological
responses to climate change,
responses to climate change,
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kaže kako su u porastu psihološke
reakcije na klimatske promjene,
reakcije na klimatske promjene,
01:33
like conflict avoidance, helplessness
and resignation, are growing.
and resignation, are growing.
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poput izbjegavanje sukoba, bespomoćnost
i pomirenost sa sudbinom.
i pomirenost sa sudbinom.
01:38
This means that our conscious
and unconscious mental processes
and unconscious mental processes
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To znači da nas naši svjesni i
nesvjesni mentalni procesi
nesvjesni mentalni procesi
01:41
are holding us back
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sprječavaju
01:42
from identifying the causes
of the problem for what they are,
of the problem for what they are,
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u identificiranju uzroka problema
samih po sebi,
samih po sebi,
01:45
working on solutions and fostering
our own psychological resilience,
our own psychological resilience,
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radu na rješenjima i njegovanju naše
vlastite psihološke otpornosti,
vlastite psihološke otpornosti,
01:48
but we need all those things
to take on what we've created.
to take on what we've created.
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ali sve te stvari su nam potrebne za
suočavanje s onim što smo stvorili.
suočavanje s onim što smo stvorili.
01:52
Lately, I've been studying a phenomenon
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U zadnje vrijeme proučavam fenomen
01:54
that's just one example
of the emotional hardships
of the emotional hardships
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koji je tek jedan primjer
emocionalnih poteškoća
emocionalnih poteškoća
01:57
that we're seeing.
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kojima svjedočimo.
01:58
And it comes in the form of a question
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On dolazi u obliku pitanja
02:00
that a significant amount of people
in my generation are struggling to answer.
in my generation are struggling to answer.
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za koje se mnogi ljudi moga naraštaja
pate pronaći odgovor.
pate pronaći odgovor.
02:04
That being:
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A to je:
02:06
Should I have a child
in the age of climate change?
in the age of climate change?
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trebam li imati dijete
u dobu klimatskih promjena?
u dobu klimatskih promjena?
Naposljetku, svako dijete rođeno danas
02:09
After all, any child born today
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02:11
will have to live in a world
where hurricanes, flooding, wildfires --
where hurricanes, flooding, wildfires --
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morat će živjeti u svijetu u kojem će
uragani, poplave, šumski požari --
uragani, poplave, šumski požari --
02:14
what we used to call natural disasters --
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sve što smo nekada nazivali
prirodnim katastrofama --
prirodnim katastrofama --
02:16
have become commonplace.
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postati uobičajeni.
02:18
The hottest 20 years on record
occurred within the last 22.
occurred within the last 22.
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Najtoplijih 20 godina ikada zabilježenih
dogodile su se u posljednje 22 godine.
dogodile su se u posljednje 22 godine.
Ujedinjeni narodi očekuju da će se
dvije trećine svjetske populacije
dvije trećine svjetske populacije
02:23
The UN expects that two-thirds
of the global population
of the global population
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02:25
may face water shortages
only six years from now.
only six years from now.
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susresti s nedostatkom vode
za samo šest godina.
za samo šest godina.
Svjetska banka predviđa da će
do 2050. godine
do 2050. godine
02:29
The World Bank predicts that by 2050,
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02:31
there's going to be
140 million climate refugees
140 million climate refugees
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biti 140 milijuna klimatskih izbjeglica
02:34
in sub-Saharan Africa,
Latin America and South Asia.
Latin America and South Asia.
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u supsaharskoj Africi, Latinskoj
Americi i južnoj Aziji.
Americi i južnoj Aziji.
02:37
And other estimates put that number
at over one billion.
at over one billion.
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Druge procjene povećavaju tu
brojku na milijardu.
brojku na milijardu.
02:41
Mass migrations and resource scarcity
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Masovne seobe i manjak resursa
02:43
increase the risk for violence,
war and political instability.
war and political instability.
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povećavaju rizik od nasilja,
rata i političke nestabilnosti.
rata i političke nestabilnosti.
02:48
The UN just reported that we are pushing
up to a million species to extinction,
up to a million species to extinction,
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UN je upravo izvijestio da guramo
oko milijun vrsta u izumiranje,
oko milijun vrsta u izumiranje,
mnoge u roku nekoliko desetljeća,
02:52
many within decades,
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02:54
and our emissions are still increasing,
even after the Paris Agreement.
even after the Paris Agreement.
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a štetne emisije se i dalje povećavaju,
čak i nakon Pariškog dogovora o klimi.
čak i nakon Pariškog dogovora o klimi.
02:59
Over the last year and a half,
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U zadnjih godinu i pol
03:00
I've been conducting
workshops and interviews
workshops and interviews
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provodila sam radionice i razgovore
03:03
with hundreds of people
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sa stotinama ljudi
03:04
about parenting in the climate crisis.
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o roditeljstvu u doba klimatske krize.
03:06
And I can tell you
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I mogu vam reći
03:07
that people who are worried about
having kids because of climate change
having kids because of climate change
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da ljudi zabrinuti oko imanja djece
zbog klimatskih promjena,
zbog klimatskih promjena,
nisu motivirani
nekakvim samotnjačkim ponosom.
nekakvim samotnjačkim ponosom.
03:11
are not motivated by an ascetic pride.
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03:13
They're nerve-racked.
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Oni su izbezumljeni.
03:14
There's even a movement
called BirthStrike,
called BirthStrike,
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Postoji čak i pokret
imena BirthStrike (Porodni štrajk),
imena BirthStrike (Porodni štrajk),
čiji članovi su se obavezali da
neće imati djecu
neće imati djecu
03:16
whose members have declared
they're not going to have kids
they're not going to have kids
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zbog trenutnog stanja ekološke krize
03:19
because of the state
of the ecological crisis
of the ecological crisis
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te inertnosti vlada da se pozabave
ovom egzistencijalnom prijetnjom.
ovom egzistencijalnom prijetnjom.
03:21
and inaction from governments
to address this existential threat.
to address this existential threat.
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Drugi naraštaji su se također susreli
s vlastitim apokaliptičnim opasnostima,
s vlastitim apokaliptičnim opasnostima,
03:24
And yes, other generations have also
faced their own apocalyptic dangers,
faced their own apocalyptic dangers,
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ali to nije razlog da odbacimo ovu vrlo
stvarnu prijetnju našem opstanku sada.
stvarnu prijetnju našem opstanku sada.
03:28
but that is no reason to disregard
the very real threat to our survival now.
the very real threat to our survival now.
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03:32
Some feel that it's better
to adopt children.
to adopt children.
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Neki osjećaju da je bolje posvojiti djecu.
03:35
Or that it's unethical
to have more than one,
to have more than one,
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Ili da je neetično imati
više od jednog djeteta,
više od jednog djeteta,
posebno tri, četiri ili više,
03:37
especially three, four or more,
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03:39
because kids increase
greenhouse gas emissions.
greenhouse gas emissions.
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jer djeca povećavaju emisije
stakleničkih plinova.
stakleničkih plinova.
03:42
Now, it is a really unfortunate
state of affairs
state of affairs
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To je zaista nesretno stanje stvari
03:45
when people who want kids
sacrifice their right to
sacrifice their right to
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ako ljudi koji žele djecu
žrtvuju svoje pravo na to
žrtvuju svoje pravo na to
03:48
because, somehow, they have been told
that their lifestyle choices are to blame
that their lifestyle choices are to blame
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jer im je nekako dano do znanja da su
njihovi životni izbori krivci,
njihovi životni izbori krivci,
03:52
when the fault is far more systemic,
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dok je krivnja zapravo sustavna,
03:54
but let's just unpack the logic here.
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ali razložimo logiku iza toga.
Jedna vrlo citirana studija
pokazuje da u prosjeku
pokazuje da u prosjeku
03:57
So an oft-cited study
shows that, on average,
shows that, on average,
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03:59
having one less child
in an industrialized nation
in an industrialized nation
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imati jedno dijete manje
u industrijskoj zemlji
u industrijskoj zemlji
04:02
can save about 59 tons
of carbon dioxide per year.
of carbon dioxide per year.
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može uštedjeti oko 59 tona
ugljičnog dioksida godišnje.
ugljičnog dioksida godišnje.
04:06
While in comparison,
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Za usporedbu,
04:08
living car-free saves nearly 2.5 tons,
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život bez automobila uštedi oko 2,5 tone,
04:11
avoiding a transatlantic flight --
and this is just one --
and this is just one --
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izbjegavanje prekooceanskog leta --
samo jednog --
samo jednog --
04:14
saves about 1.5 tons,
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štedi oko 1,5 tonu,
04:16
and eating a plant-based diet
can save almost one ton per year.
can save almost one ton per year.
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a biljna prehrana može uštedjeti
gotovo 1 tonu godišnje.
gotovo 1 tonu godišnje.
04:20
And consider that a Bangladeshi child
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Uzmite u obzir da dijete u Bangladešu
04:23
only adds 56 metric tons of carbon
to their parents' carbon legacy
to their parents' carbon legacy
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dodaje tek 56 tona ugljičnog dioksida
na ugljičnu ostavštinu svojih roditelja
na ugljičnu ostavštinu svojih roditelja
04:27
over their lifetime,
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tijekom cijelog svog života,
04:28
while an American child, in comparison,
adds 9,441 to theirs.
adds 9,441 to theirs.
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dok dijete u Americi dodaje 9,441 tona.
Zato mnogi ljudi zastupaju tvrdnju
04:34
So this is why some people argue
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04:35
that it's parents from nations
with huge carbon footprints
with huge carbon footprints
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da bi roditelji iz zemalja
s velikim ugljičnim otiskom
s velikim ugljičnim otiskom
morali najozbiljnije razmišljati
o tome koliko djece imati.
o tome koliko djece imati.
04:38
who should think the hardest
about how many kids they have.
about how many kids they have.
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04:41
But the decision to have a child
and one's feelings about the future
and one's feelings about the future
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Ali odluka o imanju djeteta
i osjećaji pojedinca o budućnosti
i osjećaji pojedinca o budućnosti
04:45
are deeply personal,
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su duboko osobne stvari,
04:46
and wrapped up
in all sorts of cultural norms,
in all sorts of cultural norms,
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i upletene su u različite kulturne norme,
04:48
religious beliefs, socioeconomic status,
education levels and more.
education levels and more.
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religijska vjerovanja, socioekonomski
status, razinu obrazovanja i tako dalje.
status, razinu obrazovanja i tako dalje.
04:53
And so to some, this debate
about kids in the climate crisis
about kids in the climate crisis
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A nekima se ova rasprava o imanju
djece u klimatskoj krizi
djece u klimatskoj krizi
04:56
can seem like it came from another planet.
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čini kao da dolazi s drugog planeta.
04:58
Many have more immediate threats
to their survival to think about,
to their survival to think about,
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Mnogi imaju mnogo neposrednije prijetnje
opstanku na koje moraju misliti,
opstanku na koje moraju misliti,
kako se prehraniti
05:01
like, how they're going to put
food on the table,
food on the table,
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ako su samohrane majke
koje rade tri posla,
koje rade tri posla,
05:04
when they're a single mom
working three jobs,
working three jobs,
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ili ako su HIV pozitivni, ili ako su
u kamionu punom migranata.
u kamionu punom migranata.
05:06
or they're HIV positive
or on the move in a migrant caravan.
or on the move in a migrant caravan.
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05:09
Tragically, though, climate change
is really great at intersectionality.
is really great at intersectionality.
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Tragično je što su klimatske promjene
jako uspješne u miješanju uzroka.
jako uspješne u miješanju uzroka.
05:13
It multiplies the stresses
marginalized communities already face.
marginalized communities already face.
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One umnožavaju stres s kojim se
rubne skupine već suočavaju.
rubne skupine već suočavaju.
05:18
A political scientist once said to me
that a leading indicator
that a leading indicator
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Politički znanstvenik mi je jednom rekao
kako bi vodeći pokazatelj
kako bi vodeći pokazatelj
da su klimatske promjene
zaživjele, psihološki,
zaživjele, psihološki,
05:21
that climate change is starting
to hit home, psychologically,
to hit home, psychologically,
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05:24
would be an increase
in the rate of informed women
in the rate of informed women
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mogao biti povećani udio informiranih žena
05:26
deciding to not have children.
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koje odlučuju ne imati djecu.
05:29
Interesting.
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Zanimljivo.
05:31
Is it hitting home with you,
psychologically?
psychologically?
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Je li to i kod vas zaživjelo, psihološki?
05:34
Are you perhaps someone
with climate-linked pre-traumatic stress?
with climate-linked pre-traumatic stress?
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Imate li vi možda predtraumatski stres
povezan s klimom?
povezan s klimom?
05:38
A climate psychiatrist coined that term,
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Taj pojam izumio je klimatski psihijatar,
05:40
and that's a profession now, by the way,
shrinks for climate woes.
shrinks for climate woes.
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a to je zanimanje koje je sada, usput,
u padu zbog klimatskih boljki.
u padu zbog klimatskih boljki.
05:44
They're getting work at a time
when some high schoolers
when some high schoolers
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Rade u doba kada neki srednjoškolci
05:46
don't want to apply
to university any longer,
to university any longer,
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ne žele više ići na fakultete,
05:48
because they can't foresee
a future for themselves.
a future for themselves.
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zato što ne mogu
vidjeti budućnost za sebe.
vidjeti budućnost za sebe.
05:51
And this brings me back to my main point.
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A to me dovodi do glavne tvrdnje.
05:54
The growing concern about having kids
in the climate crisis
in the climate crisis
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Rastuća zabrinutost oko imanja
djece u klimatskoj krizi
djece u klimatskoj krizi
05:57
is an urgent indicator
of how hard-pressed people are feeling.
of how hard-pressed people are feeling.
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je hitan pokazatelj toga pod
kakvim se pritiskom ljudi osjećaju.
kakvim se pritiskom ljudi osjećaju.
06:03
Right now, students around the world
are screaming for change
are screaming for change
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Trenutno studenti diljem svijeta
vrište za promjenom
vrište za promjenom
06:06
in the piercing voice of despair.
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prodornim glasom očaja.
06:09
And the fact that we can see
how we contribute to this problem
how we contribute to this problem
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A činjenica da možemo vidjeti
kako doprinosimo tom problemu
kako doprinosimo tom problemu
06:12
that makes us feel unsafe
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koji nas čini nesigurnima
06:14
is crazy-making in itself.
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je ludilo samo po sebi.
06:16
Climate change is all-encompassing
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Klimatske promjene su sveobuhvatne,
06:18
and so are the ways
that it messes with our minds.
that it messes with our minds.
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baš kao i načini kako to
remeti naše umove.
remeti naše umove.
06:22
Many activists will tell you
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Mnogi aktivisti će vam reći
06:24
that the best antidote
to grief is activism.
to grief is activism.
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kako je najbolji lijek za tugu
baviti se aktivizmom.
baviti se aktivizmom.
06:26
And some psychologists will tell you
the answer can be found in therapy.
the answer can be found in therapy.
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A neki psiholozi će vam reći kako
je odgovor moguće naći u terapiji.
je odgovor moguće naći u terapiji.
06:30
Others believe the key is to imagine
you're on your deathbed,
you're on your deathbed,
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Drugi vjeruju da je bitno zamisliti se
na smrtnoj postelji,
na smrtnoj postelji,
06:33
reflecting back on what's mattered
the most in your life,
the most in your life,
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razmišljajući o tome što je bilo
najvažnije u vašem životu,
najvažnije u vašem životu,
06:35
so you can identify
what you should do more of now,
what you should do more of now,
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kako biste identificirali što je to
što morate više činiti sada,
što morate više činiti sada,
s vremenom koje vam je preostalo.
06:38
with the time that you have left.
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Potrebne su nam sve te ideje, i još više,
06:40
We need all these ideas, and more,
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06:41
to take care of our innermost selves
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kako bismo se pobrinuli
za naše unutarnje "ja",
za naše unutarnje "ja",
06:43
as the environments we've known
become more punishing towards us.
become more punishing towards us.
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jer naš okoliš kakav poznajemo
nas sve više kažnjava.
nas sve više kažnjava.
06:47
And whether you have children or not,
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Imate li djecu ili nemate,
06:49
we need to be honest
about what is happening,
about what is happening,
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moramo biti iskreni oko toga
što se događa
što se događa
06:52
and what we owe one another.
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i što dugujemo jedni drugima.
06:55
We cannot afford to treat
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Ne možemo si priuštiti
06:56
the psychological impacts
of climate change
of climate change
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da psihološki učinci klimatskih promjena
budu samo u dalekoj primisli,
06:58
as some afterthought,
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07:00
because the other issues, of science,
technology and the politics and economy,
technology and the politics and economy,
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zato što se drugi problemi, znanstveni,
tehnološki, politički, ekonomski,
tehnološki, politički, ekonomski,
07:04
feel hard, while this somehow feels soft.
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čine teškima, dok se ovo
nekako čini laganim.
nekako čini laganim.
07:08
Mental health needs to be an integral part
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Mentalno zdravlje mora biti
sastavnim dijelom
sastavnim dijelom
07:11
of any climate change survival strategy,
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svake strategije opstanka
u klimatskim promjenana,
u klimatskim promjenana,
07:13
requiring funding,
and ethics of equity and care,
and ethics of equity and care,
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zahtijeva ulaganja i etiku
jednakosti i njege
jednakosti i njege
07:16
and widespread awareness.
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te raširenu svjesnost.
07:18
Because even if you're the most
emotionally avoidant person on the planet,
emotionally avoidant person on the planet,
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Jer čak i da ste emocionalno
najotpornija osoba na planetu,
najotpornija osoba na planetu,
07:22
there's no rug in the world
that's big enough to sweep this up under.
that's big enough to sweep this up under.
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nema tepiha dovoljno velikog
pod koji biste to mogli pomesti.
pod koji biste to mogli pomesti.
07:25
Thank you.
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Hvala.
07:26
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Britt Wray - Science storyteller, author, broadcasterBritt Wray's work is about life and what we make of it: past, present and future.
Why you should listen
Author of the book Rise of the Necrofauna, cohost of the BBC podcast Tomorrow's World and guest host on Canada's legendary national science TV show The Nature of Things, Britt Wray shows audiences what's happening at the forefront of science, technology, ethics and environment, probing how it affects us. The New Yorker named her first book Rise of the Necrofauna: The Science, Ethics, and Risks of De-Extinction one of the "books we loved" in 2017 and the Sunday Times called it a "must-read." By making science accessible and illuminating its possible consequences, Wray's writing, broadcasting and talks help us understand how the world is changing, creating a rich space for conversation about how each of us can respond to those changes.
Wray has been a summer host on CBC Radio 1's flagship science show Quirks and Quarks, and produced several radio documentaries for outlets such as BBC Radio 4, CBC IDEAS, WNYC's Studio 360 and Love and Radio. She created the interactive audio diary platform for frank speech about science called Aurator (aurator.org) which won the 2018 Society for the Social Studies of Science Award. Wray has a PhD in science communication with a focus on synthetic biology from the University of Copenhagen and holds a BSc (Hon) in biology from Queen's University and an interdisciplinary master's in art, media and design from OCAD University. She has also been a visiting scholar at the NYU Arthur L. Carter Institute for Journalism and was a 2019 TED Resident. Wray is currently writing a book about intimate dilemmas in the climate crisis.
Britt Wray | Speaker | TED.com