TEDSummit 2019
Johann Hari: This could be why you're depressed and anxious
Johann Hari: Mungkin ini alasan kenapa kau depresi dan cemas
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Dalam sesi pembicaraan yang menyentuh dan dapat ditindaklanjuti ini, jurnalis Johann Hari berbagi wawasan tentang penyebab depresi dan kecemasan dari para ahli di seluruh dunia serta solusi-solusi baru yang menarik. "Jika kau merasa depresi dan cemas, kau tidak lemah dan kau tidak gila -- kau adalah manusia dengan kebutuhan yang tak terpenuhi," kata Hari.
Johann Hari - Journalist
Johann Hari spent three years researching the war on drugs; along the way, he discovered that addiction is not what we think it is. Full bio
Johann Hari spent three years researching the war on drugs; along the way, he discovered that addiction is not what we think it is. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
For a really long time,
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Untuk waktu yang lama,
00:14
I had two mysteries
that were hanging over me.
that were hanging over me.
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ada dua misteri yang menggangguku.
00:18
I didn't understand them
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Aku tak memahaminya
00:20
and, to be honest, I was quite afraid
to look into them.
to look into them.
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dan terus terang, aku agak takut
untuk mencari tahu.
untuk mencari tahu.
00:24
The first mystery was, I'm 40 years old,
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Yang pertama, umurku 40 tahun,
00:27
and all throughout my lifetime,
year after year,
year after year,
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dan sepanjang hidupku, tahun demi tahun
depresi dan kecemasan serius
telah meningkat
telah meningkat
00:31
serious depression and anxiety have risen,
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00:34
in the United States, in Britain,
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di Amerika, Britania Raya,
dan di seluruh dunia Barat.
00:37
and across the Western world.
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00:39
And I wanted to understand why.
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Aku ingin tahu kenapa.
Kenapa ini terjadi pada kita?
00:43
Why is this happening to us?
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00:45
Why is it that with each year that passes,
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Kenapa seiring berjalannya tahun,
00:48
more and more of us are finding it harder
to get through the day?
to get through the day?
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makin banyak dari kita yang kesulitan
melewati hari?
melewati hari?
Aku ingin memahaminya karena misteri
yang bersifat pribadi.
yang bersifat pribadi.
00:51
And I wanted to understand this
because of a more personal mystery.
because of a more personal mystery.
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Waktu remaja,
00:55
When I was a teenager,
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00:56
I remember going to my doctor
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aku ingat pergi ke dokter
dan menjelaskan ada rasa sakit yang
mengalir dari tubuhku.
mengalir dari tubuhku.
00:58
and explaining that I had this feeling,
like pain was leaking out of me.
like pain was leaking out of me.
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01:03
I couldn't control it,
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Aku tak bisa mengendalikannya
01:04
I didn't understand why it was happening,
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Aku tak mengerti kenapa itu terjadi
01:06
I felt quite ashamed of it.
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Aku merasa malu karenanya.
01:09
And my doctor told me a story
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Dokterku pun bercerita
01:10
that I now realize was well-intentioned,
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yang kusadari kini maksudnya baik,
01:12
but quite oversimplified.
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tapi terlalu menggampangkan.
01:14
Not totally wrong.
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Tak sepenuhnya keliru.
Dia berkata, "Kami tahu kenapa
bisa begini.
bisa begini.
01:15
My doctor said, "We know
why people get like this.
why people get like this.
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01:18
Some people just naturally get
a chemical imbalance in their heads --
a chemical imbalance in their heads --
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Beberapa orang memiliki ketidakseimbangan
kimia secara alami dalam kepala mereka --
kimia secara alami dalam kepala mereka --
kau jelas salah satunya.
01:22
you're clearly one of them.
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01:24
All we need to do is give you some drugs,
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Kau hanya perlu obat-obatan
yang akan menormalkan keseimbangan
kimiamu."
kimiamu."
01:26
it will get your chemical
balance back to normal."
balance back to normal."
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Jadi aku mulai minum Paxil atau Seroxat,
01:28
So I started taking a drug
called Paxil or Seroxat,
called Paxil or Seroxat,
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obat yang sama hanya namanya berbeda
di negara lain.
di negara lain.
01:30
it's the same thing with different names
in different countries.
in different countries.
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Aku merasa lebih baik dan bersemangat.
01:34
And I felt much better,
I got a real boost.
I got a real boost.
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01:36
But not very long afterwards,
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Tapi tak lama kemudian,
rasa sakit itu datang lagi.
rasa sakit itu datang lagi.
01:37
this feeling of pain started to come back.
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Mereka memberiku dosis lebih tinggi
01:39
So I was given higher and higher doses
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sampai selama 13 tahun, aku minum dosis
maksimal yang diizinkan secara hukum.
maksimal yang diizinkan secara hukum.
01:41
until, for 13 years, I was taking
the maximum possible dose
the maximum possible dose
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01:45
that you're legally allowed to take.
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01:47
And for a lot of those 13 years,
and pretty much all the time by the end,
and pretty much all the time by the end,
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Selama 13 tahun tersebut, dan hampir
sepanjang waktu,
sepanjang waktu,
Aku masih kesakitan.
01:50
I was still in a lot of pain.
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01:52
And I started asking myself,
"What's going on here?
"What's going on here?
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Aku mulai bertanya-tanya,
"Apa yang terjadi?
"Apa yang terjadi?
01:55
Because you're doing everything
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Kau sudah lakukan semua yang dikatakan
kisah yang mendominasi budaya --
kisah yang mendominasi budaya --
01:56
you're told to do by the story
that's dominating the culture --
that's dominating the culture --
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kenapa kau masih merasa begini?"
02:00
why do you still feel like this?"
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02:02
So to get to the bottom
of these two mysteries,
of these two mysteries,
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Untuk memecahkan kedua misteri ini,
02:05
for a book that I've written
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demi buku yang kutulis, aku melakukan
perjalanan keliling dunia,
perjalanan keliling dunia,
02:06
I ended up going on a big journey
all over the world,
all over the world,
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aku menempuh lebih dari 40 ribu mil.
02:09
I traveled over 40,000 miles.
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02:10
I wanted to sit with the leading
experts in the world
experts in the world
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Aku ingin berdiskusi dengan para ahli
di dunia
di dunia
02:13
about what causes depression and anxiety
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tentang penyebab depresi dan kecemasan
dan solusinya
dan solusinya
02:15
and crucially, what solves them,
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02:17
and people who have come through
depression and anxiety
depression and anxiety
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serta mereka yang berhasil melewatinya
dalam berbagai cara.
dalam berbagai cara.
02:19
and out the other side
in all sorts of ways.
in all sorts of ways.
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Aku belajar banyak dari orang-orang luar
biasa yang kukenal di perjalanan.
biasa yang kukenal di perjalanan.
02:21
And I learned a huge amount
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02:23
from the amazing people
I got to know along the way.
I got to know along the way.
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Inti dari apa yang kupelajari adalah,
02:26
But I think at the heart
of what I learned is,
of what I learned is,
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02:29
so far, we have scientific evidence
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sejauh ini kita punya bukti ilmiah
untuk sembilan penyebab depresi
dan kecemasan.
dan kecemasan.
02:32
for nine different causes
of depression and anxiety.
of depression and anxiety.
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Dua di antaranya ada dalam tubuh kita.
02:35
Two of them are indeed in our biology.
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02:38
Your genes can make you
more sensitive to these problems,
more sensitive to these problems,
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Faktor genetik bisa membuatmu lebih
peka, namun tak menentukan nasibmu.
peka, namun tak menentukan nasibmu.
02:41
though they don't write your destiny.
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02:43
And there are real brain changes
that can happen when you become depressed
that can happen when you become depressed
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Ada perubahan nyata dalam otak
ketika kau depresi
ketika kau depresi
02:46
that can make it harder to get out.
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yang membuatmu lebih sulit sembuh.
02:48
But most of the factors
that have been proven
that have been proven
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Tapi sebagian besar faktor yang terbukti
menyebabkan depresi dan kecemasan
menyebabkan depresi dan kecemasan
02:50
to cause depression and anxiety
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tidak ada dalam tubuh kita.
02:52
are not in our biology.
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02:55
They are factors in the way we live.
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Mereka faktor dalam cara hidup kita.
Begitu kau memahaminya,
02:58
And once you understand them,
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02:59
it opens up a very different
set of solutions
set of solutions
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itu akan membuka berbagai solusi berbeda
03:02
that should be offered to people
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yang harus ditawarkan bersama
dengan opsi berupa antidepresan kimiawi.
dengan opsi berupa antidepresan kimiawi.
03:04
alongside the option
of chemical antidepressants.
of chemical antidepressants.
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03:07
For example,
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Contohnya,
jika kau kesepian, kau akan cenderung
depresi.
depresi.
03:09
if you're lonely, you're more likely
to become depressed.
to become depressed.
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Ketika kau bekerja dan tak punya kendali
atas pekerjaanmu,
atas pekerjaanmu,
03:12
If, when you go to work,
you don't have any control over your job,
you don't have any control over your job,
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kau hanya diperintah,
03:15
you've just got to do what you're told,
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kau akan cenderung depresi.
03:17
you're more likely to become depressed.
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Jika kau jarang keluar ke alam terbuka,
03:19
If you very rarely get out
into the natural world,
into the natural world,
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kau akan cenderung depresi.
03:22
you're more likely to become depressed.
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03:23
And one thing unites a lot of the causes
of depression and anxiety
of depression and anxiety
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Ada satu hal yang yang menyatukan
banyak sebab depresi dan kecemasan.
banyak sebab depresi dan kecemasan.
03:27
that I learned about.
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Tidak semuanya, tapi banyak.
03:28
Not all of them, but a lot of them.
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03:30
Everyone here knows
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Semua di sini tahu,
03:32
you've all got natural
physical needs, right?
physical needs, right?
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kalian punya kebutuhan fisik alami, kan?
Tentu saja.
03:34
Obviously.
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03:35
You need food, you need water,
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Kau butuh makanan, air,
tempat berlindung, udara bersih.
03:38
you need shelter, you need clean air.
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03:40
If I took those things away from you,
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Jika aku mengambilnya darimu,
kau akan ada dalam masalah.
kau akan ada dalam masalah.
03:42
you'd all be in real trouble, real fast.
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Tapi di waktu yang sama,
03:44
But at the same time,
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setiap manusia memiliki kebutuhan
psikologis yang alami.
psikologis yang alami.
03:46
ever human being
has natural psychological needs.
has natural psychological needs.
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03:50
You need to feel you belong.
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Kau butuh merasa punya tempat.
03:52
You need to feel your life
has meaning and purpose.
has meaning and purpose.
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Kau butuh hidupmu berarti dan
punya tujuan.
punya tujuan.
03:55
You need to feel that people
see you and value you.
see you and value you.
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Kau butuh diperhatikan dan dihargai.
03:57
You need to feel you've got
a future that makes sense.
a future that makes sense.
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Kau butuh masa depan yang masuk akal.
Budaya yang kita bangun ini baik
di banyak hal.
di banyak hal.
04:00
And this culture we built
is good at lots of things.
is good at lots of things.
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04:03
And many things are better
than in the past --
than in the past --
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Banyak yang lebih baik dari masa lalu.
04:05
I'm glad to be alive today.
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Tapi kita jadi semakin kurang pandai
04:07
But we've been getting less and less good
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dalam memenuhi kebutuhan psikologis
yang mendasar.
yang mendasar.
04:09
at meeting these deep,
underlying psychological needs.
underlying psychological needs.
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04:13
And it's not the only thing
that's going on,
that's going on,
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Tak hanya itu, tapi itulah alasan utama
krisis ini terus meningkat.
krisis ini terus meningkat.
04:16
but I think it's the key reason
why this crisis keeps rising and rising.
why this crisis keeps rising and rising.
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04:20
And I found this really hard to absorb.
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Ini sangat sulit kupahami.
Aku bergumul dengan ide
04:24
I really wrestled with the idea
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04:26
of shifting from thinking of my depression
as just a problem in my brain,
as just a problem in my brain,
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untuk mengubah pandangan tentang
depresi sebagai masalah di otak saja
depresi sebagai masalah di otak saja
04:31
to one with many causes,
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menjadi banyak penyebab,
termasuk cara hidup kita.
termasuk cara hidup kita.
04:32
including many in the way we're living.
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04:34
And it only really began
to fall into place for me
to fall into place for me
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Semuanya mulai menjadi jelas
ketika aku mewawancarai seorang
psikiater dari Afrika Selatan
psikiater dari Afrika Selatan
04:36
when one day, I went to interview
a South African psychiatrist
a South African psychiatrist
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bernama dokter Derek Summerfield.
04:40
named Dr. Derek Summerfield.
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Dia pria hebat.
04:41
He's a great guy.
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Dokter Summerfield kebetulan ada
di Kamboja tahun 2001,
di Kamboja tahun 2001,
04:43
And Dr. Summerfield
happened to be in Cambodia in 2001,
happened to be in Cambodia in 2001,
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ketika antidepresan kimiawi pertama kali
dikenalkan pada warga di negara itu.
dikenalkan pada warga di negara itu.
04:46
when they first introduced
chemical antidepressants
chemical antidepressants
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04:50
for people in that country.
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04:51
And the local doctors, the Cambodians,
had never heard of these drugs,
had never heard of these drugs,
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Para dokter lokal, orang Kamboja,
tidak pernah mendengar obat ini,
tidak pernah mendengar obat ini,
04:55
so they were like, what are they?
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jadi mereka bertanya dan dia menjelaskan.
04:56
And he explained.
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Mereka lalu berkata,
04:58
And they said to him,
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04:59
"We don't need them,
we've already got antidepressants."
we've already got antidepressants."
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"Kami tak membutuhkannya, kami
sudah punya antidepresan."
sudah punya antidepresan."
05:02
And he was like, "What do you mean?"
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"Apa maksudmu?"
05:04
He thought they were going to talk about
some kind of herbal remedy,
some kind of herbal remedy,
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Dia pikir yang mereka maksud adalah
semacam obat herbal,
semacam obat herbal,
seperti St. John's Wort, ginkgo, biloba,
dan semacamnya.
dan semacamnya.
05:07
like St. John's Wort, ginkgo biloba,
something like that.
something like that.
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05:11
Instead, they told him a story.
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Mereka malah bercerita.
05:14
There was a farmer in their community
who worked in the rice fields.
who worked in the rice fields.
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Ada petani di komunitas mereka yang
bekerja di ladang padi.
bekerja di ladang padi.
Suatu hari, dia berdiri di ladang ranjau
peninggalan perang dengan Amerika
peninggalan perang dengan Amerika
05:18
And one day, he stood on a land mine
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05:20
left over from the war
with the United States,
with the United States,
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05:22
and he got his leg blown off.
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dan kakinya terkena ledakan.
05:23
So they him an artificial leg,
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Mereka memberinya kaki palsu, dan dia
kembali bekerja di ladang padi.
kembali bekerja di ladang padi.
05:25
and after a while, he went back
to work in the rice fields.
to work in the rice fields.
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Tapi, bekerja di air sangat menyakitkan
jika kau memiliki anggota tubuh buatan.
jika kau memiliki anggota tubuh buatan.
05:28
But apparently, it's super painful
to work under water
to work under water
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05:30
when you've got an artificial limb,
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05:32
and I'm guessing it was pretty traumatic
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kurasa cukup traumatis kembali bekerja
di ladang tempat kakinya meledak.
di ladang tempat kakinya meledak.
05:34
to go back and work in the field
where he got blown up.
where he got blown up.
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05:36
The guy started to cry all day,
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Pria itu mulai menangis sepanjang hari,
05:39
he refused to get out of bed,
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dia tak mau bangun dari tempat tidur,
dia mengalami semua gejala depresi klasik.
dia mengalami semua gejala depresi klasik.
05:40
he developed all the symptoms
of classic depression.
of classic depression.
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05:44
The Cambodian doctor said,
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Dokter Kamboja berkata,
"Saat itulah kami memberinya
antidepresan."
antidepresan."
05:45
"This is when we gave him
an antidepressant."
an antidepressant."
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05:47
And Dr. Summerfield said,
"What was it?"
"What was it?"
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Summerfield berkata, "Apa itu?"
05:50
They explained that they went
and sat with him.
and sat with him.
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Mereka bilang mereka duduk bersamanya.
Mereka mendengarkannya.
05:53
They listened to him.
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Mereka sadar penderitaannya beralasan,
05:56
They realized that his pain made sense --
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05:59
it was hard for him to see it
in the throes of his depression,
in the throes of his depression,
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sulit baginya untuk melihat hal itu
karena depresinya,
karena depresinya,
tapi sebenarnya hal itu berpengaruh
pada kehidupannya.
pada kehidupannya.
06:01
but actually, it had perfectly
understandable causes in his life.
understandable causes in his life.
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06:05
One of the doctors, talking to the people
in the community, figured,
in the community, figured,
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Salah satu dokter yang berbicara
di komunitas itu menduga,
di komunitas itu menduga,
"Jika kita belikan dia seekor sapi,
06:09
"You know, if we bought this guy a cow,
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06:11
he could become a dairy farmer,
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dia bisa menjadi peternak sapi perah,
06:13
he wouldn't be in this position
that was screwing him up so much,
that was screwing him up so much,
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dia tak perlu ada di posisi ini,
dia tak harus bekerja di ladang padi."
06:16
he wouldn't have to go
and work in the rice fields."
and work in the rice fields."
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Jadi mereka membelikan dia sapi.
06:18
So they bought him a cow.
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Dalam beberapa minggu tangisnya berhenti,
06:20
Within a couple of weeks,
his crying stopped,
his crying stopped,
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06:22
within a month, his depression was gone.
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dalam sebulan, depresinya hilang.
Mereka berkata ke Summerfield,
"Sapi itu adalah antidepresan,
"Sapi itu adalah antidepresan,
06:24
They said to doctor Summerfield,
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06:25
"So you see, doctor, that cow,
that was an antidepressant,
that was an antidepressant,
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itu kan maksudmu?"
06:28
that's what you mean, right?"
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(Tertawa)
06:30
(Laughter)
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(Tepuk tangan)
06:31
(Applause)
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06:34
If you'd been raised to think
about depression the way I was,
about depression the way I was,
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Jika kau dibesarkan sepertiku dan
sebagian besar orang di sini,
sebagian besar orang di sini,
06:37
and most of the people here were,
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itu seperti lelucon buruk, 'kan?
06:38
that sounds like a bad joke, right?
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"Aku ke dokter untuk antidepresan,
dia memberiku seekor sapi."
dia memberiku seekor sapi."
06:40
"I went to my doctor
for an antidepressant,
for an antidepressant,
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06:42
she gave me a cow."
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Tapi apa yang para dokter Kamboja
itu tahu secara intuitif,
itu tahu secara intuitif,
06:43
But what those Cambodian
doctors knew intuitively,
doctors knew intuitively,
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06:46
based on this individual,
unscientific anecdote,
unscientific anecdote,
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berdasarkan anekdot individual
yang tidak ilmiah ini
yang tidak ilmiah ini
06:49
is what the leading
medical body in the world,
medical body in the world,
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adalah apa yang WHO, badan medis
terkemuka dunia,
terkemuka dunia,
06:53
the World Health Organization,
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telah coba sampaikan selama
bertahun-tahun
bertahun-tahun
06:55
has been trying to tell us for years,
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06:57
based on the best scientific evidence.
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berdasarkan bukti ilmiah terbaik.
Jika kau depresi,
07:00
If you're depressed,
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jika kau cemas,
07:02
if you're anxious,
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07:05
you're not weak, you're not crazy,
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kau tidak lemah, kau tidak gila,
07:08
you're not, in the main,
a machine with broken parts.
a machine with broken parts.
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kau bukan mesin dengan onderdil
yang rusak.
yang rusak.
07:12
You're a human being with unmet needs.
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Kau manusia dengan kebutuhan yang
tidak terpenuhi.
tidak terpenuhi.
07:15
And it's just as important to think here
about what those Cambodian doctors
about what those Cambodian doctors
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Penting bagi kita memikirkan tentang
apa yang tidak dikatakan
apa yang tidak dikatakan
oleh para dokter
di Kamboja dan WHO.
di Kamboja dan WHO.
07:19
and the World Health Organization
are not saying.
are not saying.
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Mereka tidak berkata pada si petani,
07:21
They did not say to this farmer,
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07:23
"Hey, buddy, you need
to pull yourself together.
to pull yourself together.
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"Hei, kawan, kau harus tenang.
07:26
It's your job to figure out
and fix this problem on your own."
and fix this problem on your own."
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Kau harus mencari jalan keluar sendiri."
07:29
On the contrary, what they said is,
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1992
Sebaliknya, mereka mengatakan,
"Kita di sini sebagai satu kelompok
untuk bergabung bersamamu,
untuk bergabung bersamamu,
07:31
"We're here as a group
to pull together with you,
to pull together with you,
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jadi kita bisa mencari
jalan keluarnya bersama-sama."
jalan keluarnya bersama-sama."
07:35
so together, we can figure out
and fix this problem."
and fix this problem."
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Inilah yang penderita depresi butuhkan,
07:40
This is what every depressed person needs,
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dan yang layak mereka dapatkan.
07:44
and it's what every
depressed person deserves.
depressed person deserves.
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07:47
This is why one of the leading
doctors at the United Nations,
doctors at the United Nations,
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Ini kenapa salah satu dokter
terkemuka di PBB dalam pernyataannya
terkemuka di PBB dalam pernyataannya
07:50
in their official statement
for World Health Day,
for World Health Day,
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di Hari Kesehatan Dunia tahun 2017
mengatakan,
mengatakan,
07:53
couple of years back in 2017,
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1491
kita perlu mengurangi bicara soal
ketidakseimbangan kimia
ketidakseimbangan kimia
07:54
said we need to talk less
about chemical imbalances
about chemical imbalances
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2817
dan lebih kepada ketidakseimbangan
cara hidup kita.
cara hidup kita.
07:57
and more about the imbalances
in the way we live.
in the way we live.
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08:00
Drugs give real relief to some people --
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468920
1973
Obat bisa membantu sebagian orang,
mereka membantuku untuk sementara,
mereka membantuku untuk sementara,
08:02
they gave relief to me for a while --
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tapi karena masalah ini lebih dalam
dari sekedar biologis,
dari sekedar biologis,
08:05
but precisely because this problem
goes deeper than their biology,
goes deeper than their biology,
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solusinya juga harus lebih mendalam.
08:09
the solutions need to go much deeper, too.
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08:12
But when I first learned that,
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2587
Ketika aku baru tahu,
08:15
I remember thinking,
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1683
aku ingat untuk berpikir,
08:16
"OK, I could see
all the scientific evidence,
all the scientific evidence,
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2126
"OK, aku bisa lihat bukti ilmiahnya,
aku membaca banyak studi,
aku membaca banyak studi,
08:19
I read a huge number of studies,
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aku mewawancarai banyak ahli
yang menjelaskan ini,
yang menjelaskan ini,
08:20
I interviewed a huge number of the experts
who were explaining this,"
who were explaining this,"
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tapi aku berpikir, "Bagaimana mungkin
kita bisa melakukannya?"
kita bisa melakukannya?"
08:23
but I kept thinking, "How can we
possibly do that?"
possibly do that?"
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491995
2386
Hal-hal yang membuat kita depresi
08:26
The things that are making us depressed
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494405
1913
sering kali lebih kompleks dari apa
yang terjadi dengan si petani Kamboja.
yang terjadi dengan si petani Kamboja.
08:28
are in most cases more complex
than what was going on
than what was going on
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2491
08:30
with this Cambodian farmer.
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Dari mana kita mulai dengan
pengetahuan ini?
pengetahuan ini?
08:32
Where do we even begin with that insight?
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08:34
But then, in the long journey for my book,
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Namun, dalam perjalanan panjang
untuk bukuku di seluruh dunia,
untuk bukuku di seluruh dunia,
08:38
all over the world,
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1571
08:39
I kept meeting people
who were doing exactly that,
who were doing exactly that,
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2595
aku terus bertemu dengan mereka
yang melakukan hal itu
yang melakukan hal itu
08:42
from Sydney, to San Francisco,
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2452
dari Sydney ke San Francisco,
08:44
to São Paulo.
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ke São Paulo.
Aku bertemu mereka yang paham
tentang penyebab depresi dan kecemasan
tentang penyebab depresi dan kecemasan
08:45
I kept meeting people
who were understanding
who were understanding
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513995
2066
08:48
the deeper causes
of depression and anxiety
of depression and anxiety
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2347
dan mengobatinya secara kelompok.
08:50
and, as groups, fixing them.
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08:52
Obviously, I can't tell you
about all the amazing people
about all the amazing people
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Aku tak bisa bercerita tentang semua
orang hebat yang kukenal
orang hebat yang kukenal
08:55
I got to know and wrote about,
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523600
1476
atau sembilan penyebab depresi dan
kecemasan yang kupelajari
kecemasan yang kupelajari
08:57
or all of the nine causes of depression
and anxiety that I learned about,
and anxiety that I learned about,
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3453
karena aku tak diberi TED Talk 10 jam --
09:00
because they won't let me give
a 10-hour TED Talk --
a 10-hour TED Talk --
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kau bisa komplain pada mereka.
09:03
you can complain about that to them.
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1752
Tapi aku ingin fokus ke dua penyebab
dan dua solusi yang muncul.
dan dua solusi yang muncul.
09:04
But I want to focus on two of the causes
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532859
1930
09:06
and two of the solutions
that emerge from them, if that's alright.
that emerge from them, if that's alright.
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534813
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09:10
Here's the first.
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538578
1150
Ini yang pertama.
Kita adalah kelompok paling kesepian
dalam sejarah umat manusia.
dalam sejarah umat manusia.
09:12
We are the loneliest society
in human history.
in human history.
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Ada studi terbaru yang bertanya
pada orang Amerika,
pada orang Amerika,
09:15
There was a recent study
that asked Americans,
that asked Americans,
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2833
"Apakah kau merasa tak lagi
dekat dengan siapa pun?"
dekat dengan siapa pun?"
09:18
"Do you feel like you're no longer
close to anyone?"
close to anyone?"
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546174
3150
39 persen mengatakan hal itu
menggambarkan mereka.
menggambarkan mereka.
09:21
And 39 percent of people
said that described them.
said that described them.
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3651
"Tak lagi dekat dengan siapa pun."
09:25
"No longer close to anyone."
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09:26
In the international
measurements of loneliness,
measurements of loneliness,
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2497
Dalam pengukuran kesepian internasional,
Britania dan Eropa berada tepat setelah
Amerika Serikat, kalau mau sombong.
Amerika Serikat, kalau mau sombong.
09:28
Britain and the rest of Europe
are just behind the US,
are just behind the US,
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2558
09:31
in case anyone here is feeling smug.
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559514
1785
(Tertawa)
09:33
(Laughter)
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1008
09:34
I spent a lot of time discussing this
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562355
1889
Aku menghabiskan waktu berdiskusi
dengan ahli terkemuka dunia
tentang kesepian,
tentang kesepian,
09:36
with the leading expert
in the world on loneliness,
in the world on loneliness,
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2396
seorang pria luar biasa bernama profesor
John Cacioppo di Chicago,
John Cacioppo di Chicago,
09:38
an incredible man
named professor John Cacioppo,
named professor John Cacioppo,
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2254
09:40
who was at Chicago,
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568966
1151
dan aku banyak berpikir tentang satu
pertanyaan dari karyanya.
pertanyaan dari karyanya.
09:42
and I thought a lot about one question
his work poses to us.
his work poses to us.
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2823
Profesor Cacioppo bertanya,
09:44
Professor Cacioppo asked,
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2305
"Kenapa kita ada?
09:47
"Why do we exist?
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1650
Kenapa kita di sini, kenapa kita hidup?"
09:48
Why are we here, why are we alive?"
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1953
Satu alasan utama,
09:50
One key reason
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2206
09:53
is that our ancestors
on the savannas of Africa
on the savannas of Africa
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581198
2817
leluhur kita di sabana Afrika sangat
mahir dalam satu hal.
mahir dalam satu hal.
09:56
were really good at one thing.
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584039
1720
Mereka tak lebih besar dari binatang
yang mereka buru,
yang mereka buru,
09:58
They weren't bigger than the animals
they took down a lot of the time,
they took down a lot of the time,
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3290
mereka tak lebih cepat dari binatang
yang mereka buru,
yang mereka buru,
10:01
they weren't faster than the animals
they took down a lot of the time,
they took down a lot of the time,
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3313
tapi mereka jauh lebih baik dalam
berkelompok dan bekerja sama.
berkelompok dan bekerja sama.
10:04
but they were much better
at banding together into groups
at banding together into groups
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2714
10:07
and cooperating.
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595676
1600
10:09
This was our superpower as a species --
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597300
2261
Ini adalah kekuatan super kita sebagai
sebuah spesies; kita berkelompok.
sebuah spesies; kita berkelompok.
10:11
we band together,
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1405
10:13
just like bees evolved to live in a hive,
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2476
Seperti lebah berevolusi tinggal
di sarang,
di sarang,
manusia berevolusi tinggal dalam suku.
10:15
humans evolved to live in a tribe.
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2232
10:17
And we are the first humans ever
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3810
Kita adalah manusia pertama
yang membubarkan suku kita.
10:22
to disband our tribes.
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1467
10:24
And it is making us feel awful.
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2067
Itu membuat kita merasa buruk.
Tapi tak harus seperti itu.
10:27
But it doesn't have to be this way.
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10:29
One of the heroes in my book,
and in fact, in my life,
and in fact, in my life,
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Salah satu pahlawan dalam bukuku,
bahkan dalam hidupku,
bahkan dalam hidupku,
10:31
is a doctor named Sam Everington.
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2095
seorang dokter bernama Sam Everington.
10:33
He's a general practitioner
in a poor part of East London,
in a poor part of East London,
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2738
Dia dokter umum di London Timur yang
kumuh, tempat tinggalku bertahun-tahun.
kumuh, tempat tinggalku bertahun-tahun.
10:36
where I lived for many years.
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1579
10:38
And Sam was really uncomfortable,
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1687
Sam merasa sangat tidak nyaman,
karena banyak pasien datang kepadanya
dengan depresi dan kecemasan parah.
dengan depresi dan kecemasan parah.
10:40
because he had loads of patients
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628069
1556
10:41
coming to him with terrible
depression and anxiety.
depression and anxiety.
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629649
2444
Dia tidak menentang antidepresan kimia,
dia pikir itu bisa membantu.
dia pikir itu bisa membantu.
10:44
And like me, he's not opposed
to chemical antidepressants,
to chemical antidepressants,
255
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2722
10:46
he thinks they give
some relief to some people.
some relief to some people.
256
634863
2222
Tapi dia bisa melihat dua hal.
10:49
But he could see two things.
257
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1373
Satu, para pasiennya depresi dan cemas
sepanjang waktu
sepanjang waktu
10:50
Firstly, his patients were depressed
and anxious a lot of the time
and anxious a lot of the time
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638506
3555
karena alasan masuk akal seperti
kesepian.
kesepian.
10:54
for totally understandable
reasons, like loneliness.
reasons, like loneliness.
259
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3738
10:57
And secondly, although the drugs
were giving some relief to some people,
were giving some relief to some people,
260
645847
3444
Kedua, walaupun obat diberikan untuk
membantu
membantu
bagi banyak orang, itu tidak
menyelesaikan masalah.
menyelesaikan masalah.
11:01
for many people,
they didn't solve the problem.
they didn't solve the problem.
261
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2268
Masalah yang mendasar.
11:03
The underlying problem.
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1533
Suatu hari, Sam memutuskan untuk
mencari pendekatan baru.
mencari pendekatan baru.
11:05
One day, Sam decided
to pioneer a different approach.
to pioneer a different approach.
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2651
11:08
A woman came to his center,
his medical center,
his medical center,
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2452
Seorang wanita datang ke kliniknya,
bernama Lisa Cunningham.
bernama Lisa Cunningham.
11:11
called Lisa Cunningham.
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1467
Aku mengenal Lisa belakangan.
11:12
I got to know Lisa later.
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1874
Lisa sudah mengunci dirinya di rumah
karena depresi dan kecemasan
karena depresi dan kecemasan
11:14
And Lisa had been shut away in her home
with crippling depression and anxiety
with crippling depression and anxiety
267
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4084
selama tujuh tahun.
11:18
for seven years.
268
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1150
11:20
And when she came to Sam's center,
she was told, "Don't worry,
she was told, "Don't worry,
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2925
Ketika dia datang, dia diberi tahu,
"Jangan cemas,
"Jangan cemas,
kami akan tetap memberimu obat,
11:23
we'll carry on giving you these drugs,
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1830
11:25
but we're also going to prescribe
something else.
something else.
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2797
tapi kami juga akan memberikan
resep lain.
resep lain.
11:28
We're going to prescribe for you
to come here to this center twice a week
to come here to this center twice a week
272
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3443
Kami akan memintamu datang ke sini
dua kali seminggu
dua kali seminggu
untuk bertemu dengan sekelompok
penderita depresi
penderita depresi
11:31
to meet with a group of other
depressed and anxious people,
depressed and anxious people,
273
679989
2778
bukan untuk berbicara tentang
penderitaanmu,
penderitaanmu,
11:34
not to talk about how miserable you are,
274
682791
2810
11:37
but to figure out something
meaningful you can all do together
meaningful you can all do together
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685625
3547
tapi mencari sesuatu yang berarti yang
bisa kalian lakukan bersama
bisa kalian lakukan bersama
11:41
so you won't be lonely and you won't feel
like life is pointless."
like life is pointless."
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3103
hingga kau tak merasa kesepian dan
tak berarti."
tak berarti."
11:44
The first time this group met,
277
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2775
Pertama kali grup ini bertemu,
11:47
Lisa literally started
vomiting with anxiety,
vomiting with anxiety,
278
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2256
Lisa muntah karena cemas
dia merasa kewalahan.
11:49
it was so overwhelming for her.
279
697402
1921
11:51
But people rubbed her back,
the group started talking,
the group started talking,
280
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2634
Tapi mereka menggosok punggungnya
dan berkata, "Apa yang bisa kami bantu?"
dan berkata, "Apa yang bisa kami bantu?"
11:54
they were like, "What could we do?"
281
702005
1675
Mereka adalah warga London Timur,
mereka tak tahu tentang berkebun.
mereka tak tahu tentang berkebun.
11:55
These are inner-city,
East London people like me,
East London people like me,
282
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2294
11:58
they didn't know anything about gardening.
283
706022
2048
Kenapa kita tak belajar berkebun?
12:00
They were like, "Why don't we
learn gardening?"
learn gardening?"
284
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2245
Ada satu area di belakang kantor dokter
yang hanya semak belukar.
yang hanya semak belukar.
12:02
There was an area
behind the doctors' offices
behind the doctors' offices
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2166
"Bagaimana kalau kita mengubahnya
jadi kebun?"
jadi kebun?"
12:04
that was just scrubland.
286
712553
1151
12:05
"Why don't we make this into a garden?"
287
713728
1882
Mereka mulai meminjam buku, mulai
menonton YouTube.
menonton YouTube.
12:07
They started to take books
out of the library,
out of the library,
288
715634
2175
12:09
started to watch YouTube clips.
289
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1485
Mereka mulai memegang tanah.
12:11
They started to get
their fingers in the soil.
their fingers in the soil.
290
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2159
12:13
They started to learn
the rhythms of the seasons.
the rhythms of the seasons.
291
721844
3043
Mereka mulai mempelajari irama musim.
12:16
There's a lot of evidence
292
724911
1330
Ada banyak bukti bahwa paparan
dengan alam
dengan alam
12:18
that exposure to the natural world
293
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1629
adalah antidepresan yang sangat kuat.
12:19
is a really powerful antidepressant.
294
727918
1976
12:21
But they started to do something
even more important.
even more important.
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3009
Tapi mereka mulai dengan sesuatu
yang lebih penting.
yang lebih penting.
12:25
They started to form a tribe.
296
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2030
Mereka memulai sebuah suku.
12:27
They started to form a group.
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1811
Mereka memulai sebuah kelompok.
12:29
They started to care about each other.
298
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2024
Mereka mulai peduli satu sama lain.
12:31
If one of them didn't show up,
299
739284
1674
Jika salah satu tidak muncul,
yang lain akan mencarinya dan membantu
mereka memecahkan masalah hari itu.
mereka memecahkan masalah hari itu.
12:32
the others would go
looking for them -- "Are you OK?"
looking for them -- "Are you OK?"
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12:35
Help them figure out
what was troubling them that day.
what was troubling them that day.
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Sebagaimana yang Lisa katakan padaku,
12:38
The way Lisa put it to me,
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12:39
"As the garden began to bloom,
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"Saat kebun itu mulai mekar,
kami pun mulai mekar."
12:42
we began to bloom."
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12:44
This approach is called
social prescribing,
social prescribing,
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2032
Pendekatan ini dinamakan resep sosial
dan menyebar di Eropa.
dan menyebar di Eropa.
12:46
it's spreading all over Europe.
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1515
Ada bukti kecil namun berkembang
12:48
And there's a small,
but growing body of evidence
but growing body of evidence
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2301
yang menunjukkan penurunan kecil namun
berarti di depresi dan kecemasan.
berarti di depresi dan kecemasan.
12:50
suggesting it can produce real
and meaningful falls
and meaningful falls
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12:53
in depression and anxiety.
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1978
12:55
And one day, I remember
standing in the garden
standing in the garden
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3721
Aku ingat berdiri di kebun yang dibangun
Lisa dan teman-temannya --
Lisa dan teman-temannya --
12:59
that Lisa and her once-depressed
friends had built --
friends had built --
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2481
kebun yang sangat cantik --
13:01
it's a really beautiful garden --
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aku berpikir,
13:03
and having this thought,
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hal ini sangat terinspirasi oleh
profesor Hugh Mackay di Australia.
profesor Hugh Mackay di Australia.
13:04
it's very much inspired by a guy
called professor Hugh Mackay in Australia.
called professor Hugh Mackay in Australia.
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13:08
I was thinking, so often
when people feel down in this culture,
when people feel down in this culture,
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4381
Sering kali, ketika seseorang merasa
sedih dalam budaya ini,
sedih dalam budaya ini,
13:12
what we say to them -- I'm sure
everyone here said it, I have --
everyone here said it, I have --
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780673
3064
yang kita katakan pada mereka adalah,
"Kau hanya perlu menjadi dirimu sendiri."
13:15
we say, "You just need
to be you, be yourself."
to be you, be yourself."
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3224
13:19
And I've realized, actually,
what we should say to people is,
what we should say to people is,
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2950
Aku sadar, yang seharusnya kita
katakan adalah,
katakan adalah,
"Jangan jadi dirimu.
13:22
"Don't be you.
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1150
13:24
Don't be yourself.
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1333
Jangan jadi dirimu sendiri.
13:26
Be us, be we.
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2209
Jadilah kita, kami.
13:28
Be part of a group."
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1325
Jadilah bagian dari kelompok."
13:30
(Applause)
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3706
(Tepuk tangan)
13:33
The solution to these problems
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2579
Solusi dari masalah-masalah ini
13:36
does not lie in drawing
more and more on your resources
more and more on your resources
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3151
bukan mengambil sumber dayamu sebagai
seorang individu yang terisolir --
seorang individu yang terisolir --
13:39
as an isolated individual --
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807622
1439
itu salah satu sebab masalahnya.
13:41
that's partly what got us in this crisis.
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809085
2040
tapi berhubungan kembali dengan
sesuatu yang lebih besar darimu.
sesuatu yang lebih besar darimu.
13:43
It lies on reconnecting
with something bigger than you.
with something bigger than you.
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811149
2753
13:45
And that really connects
to one of the other causes
to one of the other causes
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813926
2421
Dan itu berhubungan dengan penyebab
depresi dan kecemasan lainnya.
depresi dan kecemasan lainnya.
13:48
of depression and anxiety
that I wanted to talk to you about.
that I wanted to talk to you about.
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816371
2897
Semua tahu
13:51
So everyone knows
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819292
1690
13:53
junk food has taken over our diets
and made us physically sick.
and made us physically sick.
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821006
3746
junk food sudah mengambil alih pola
makan kita dan membuat kita sakit.
makan kita dan membuat kita sakit.
13:56
I don't say that
with any sense of superiority,
with any sense of superiority,
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824776
2206
Aku tak bermaksud sombong, aku datang
ke sini dari McDonald's,
ke sini dari McDonald's,
13:59
I literally came to give
this talk from McDonald's.
this talk from McDonald's.
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827006
2399
tapi aku lihat kalian semua menyantap
sarapan TED yang sehat.
sarapan TED yang sehat.
14:01
I saw all of you eating that
healthy TED breakfast, I was like no way.
healthy TED breakfast, I was like no way.
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829429
3513
14:04
But just like junk food has taken over
our diets and made us physically sick,
our diets and made us physically sick,
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832966
5143
Seperti halnya junk food yang membuat
fisik kita sakit,
fisik kita sakit,
nilai-nilai sejenis telah mengambil alih
pikiran kita
pikiran kita
14:10
a kind of junk values
have taken over our minds
have taken over our minds
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838133
4110
14:14
and made us mentally sick.
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842267
1478
dan membuat kita sakit secara mental.
Para ahli filosofi sudah berkata
selama ribuan tahun,
selama ribuan tahun,
14:16
For thousands of years,
philosophers have said,
philosophers have said,
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844157
3104
14:19
if you think life is about money,
and status and showing off,
and status and showing off,
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847285
4588
jika kau pikir hidup adalah tentang
uang, status dan pamer,
uang, status dan pamer,
14:23
you're going to feel like crap.
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851897
1523
kau akan merasa seperti sampah.
14:25
That's not an exact quote
from Schopenhauer,
from Schopenhauer,
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853444
2067
Itu bukan kutipan persis Schopenhauer,
tapi kira-kira itu intinya.
tapi kira-kira itu intinya.
14:27
but that is the gist of what he said.
343
855535
1772
14:29
But weirdly, hardy anyone
had scientifically investigated this,
had scientifically investigated this,
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857331
3026
Anehnya, jarang ada yang menelitinya
secara ilmiah,
secara ilmiah,
14:32
until a truly extraordinary person
I got to know, named professor Tim Kasser,
I got to know, named professor Tim Kasser,
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860381
3649
sampai seseorang luar biasa bernama
profesor Tim Kasser
profesor Tim Kasser
di Knox College, Illinois,
14:36
who's at Knox College in Illinois,
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864054
2293
yang sudah menelitinya selama 30 tahun.
14:38
and he's been researching this
for about 30 years now.
for about 30 years now.
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866371
2563
Penelitiannya menunjukkan beberapa
hal penting.
hal penting.
14:40
And his research suggests
several really important things.
several really important things.
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868958
3016
Pertama,
14:43
Firstly, the more you believe
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871998
3191
makin kau percaya kau bisa membeli dan
memamerkan jalan keluar dari kesedihan
memamerkan jalan keluar dari kesedihan
14:47
you can buy and display
your way out of sadness,
your way out of sadness,
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875213
4365
ke kehidupan yang baik,
14:51
and into a good life,
351
879602
2191
14:53
the more likely you are to become
depressed and anxious.
depressed and anxious.
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881817
2912
kau lebih cenderung menjadi
depresi dan cemas.
depresi dan cemas.
14:56
And secondly,
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1293
Kedua,
kita sudah makin digerakkan oleh
kepercayaan ini sebagai kelompok.
kepercayaan ini sebagai kelompok.
14:58
as a society, we have become
much more driven by these beliefs.
much more driven by these beliefs.
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886070
4588
Sepanjang hidupku, di bawah tekanan
iklan, Instagram, dan sebagainya.
iklan, Instagram, dan sebagainya.
15:02
All throughout my lifetime,
355
890682
1413
15:04
under the weight of advertising
and Instagram and everything like them.
and Instagram and everything like them.
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892119
4193
15:08
And as I thought about this,
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896871
1373
Semakin kupikirkan, aku sadar
15:10
I realized it's like we've all been fed
since birth, a kind of KFC for the soul.
since birth, a kind of KFC for the soul.
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898268
5761
kita sudah dicekoki sejak lahir,
semacam KFC untuk jiwa.
semacam KFC untuk jiwa.
15:16
We've been trained to look for happiness
in all the wrong places,
in all the wrong places,
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904053
3873
Kita sudah dilatih mencari kebahagiaan
di tempat yang salah,
di tempat yang salah,
15:19
and just like junk food
doesn't meet your nutritional needs
doesn't meet your nutritional needs
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907950
2770
seperti junk food, mereka tak memenuhi
kebutuhan nutrisimu,
kebutuhan nutrisimu,
15:22
and actually makes you feel terrible,
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910744
2298
malah membuatmu merasa buruk.
15:25
junk values don't meet
your psychological needs,
your psychological needs,
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913066
3142
Nilai-nilai sampah tak memenuhi
kebutuhan psikologismu,
kebutuhan psikologismu,
15:28
and they take you away from a good life.
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916232
2642
mereka merenggutmu dari kehidupan
yang baik.
yang baik.
15:30
But when I first spent time
with professor Kasser
with professor Kasser
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918898
2623
Ketika aku bersama dengan profesor
Kasser dan mempelajarinya,
Kasser dan mempelajarinya,
15:33
and I was learning all this,
365
921545
1477
15:35
I felt a really weird mixture of emotions.
366
923046
2587
aku merasakan emosi aneh yang
campur aduk.
campur aduk.
15:37
Because on the one hand,
I found this really challenging.
I found this really challenging.
367
925657
2690
Karena di satu sisi, aku merasa
tertantang.
tertantang.
15:40
I could see how often
in my own life, when I felt down,
in my own life, when I felt down,
368
928371
3262
Aku tahu seberapa sering aku merasa
sedih dalam hidup,
sedih dalam hidup,
15:43
I tried to remedy it with some kind of
show-offy, grand external solution.
show-offy, grand external solution.
369
931657
5265
aku mencoba mengobatinya dengan
solusi eksternal yang sok pamer.
solusi eksternal yang sok pamer.
15:49
And I could see why that
did not work well for me.
did not work well for me.
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937441
2690
Aku tahu kenapa itu tak berhasil.
15:52
I also thought,
isn't this kind of obvious?
isn't this kind of obvious?
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940930
2882
Aku juga berpikir, bukankah ini jelas?
15:55
Isn't this almost like banal, right?
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943836
1745
Ini klise, 'kan?
Saat menjelang ajal, tidak akan ada yang
berpikir tentang sepatu yang kau beli
berpikir tentang sepatu yang kau beli
15:57
If I said to everyone here,
373
945605
1325
15:58
none of you are going to lie
on your deathbed
on your deathbed
374
946954
2143
16:01
and think about all the shoes you bought
and all the retweets you got,
and all the retweets you got,
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949121
3316
atau semua retweet yang kau dapat, 'kan?
kau akan memikirkan momen cinta dan
hubungan dalam hidupmu.
hubungan dalam hidupmu.
16:04
you're going to think about moments
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952461
1683
16:06
of love, meaning
and connection in your life.
and connection in your life.
377
954168
2111
Ini seperti klise, tapi aku berkata
pada profesor Kasser,
pada profesor Kasser,
16:08
I think that seems almost like a cliché.
378
956303
1945
16:10
But I kept talking
to professor Kasser and saying,
to professor Kasser and saying,
379
958272
2349
"Kenapa aku merasa terbelah?"
16:12
"Why am I feeling
this strange doubleness?"
this strange doubleness?"
380
960645
2353
16:15
And he said, "At some level,
we all know these things.
we all know these things.
381
963022
3807
Dia berkata, "Di tingkat tertentu,
kita semua tahu hal ini.
kita semua tahu hal ini.
Tapi kita tidak menerapkannya dalam
budaya ini.
budaya ini.
16:18
But in this culture,
we don't live by them."
we don't live by them."
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966853
2375
16:21
We know them so well
they've become clichés,
they've become clichés,
383
969252
2079
Kita begitu tahu hingga jadi klise,
tapi tak diterapkan."
tapi tak diterapkan."
16:23
but we don't live by them.
384
971355
1278
16:24
I kept asking why, why would we know
something so profound,
something so profound,
385
972657
3209
Kenapa kita bisa tahu sesuatu yang begitu
dalam tapi tak menerapkannya?
dalam tapi tak menerapkannya?
16:27
but not live by it?
386
975890
1286
16:29
And after a while,
professor Kasser said to me,
professor Kasser said to me,
387
977200
3404
Setelah beberapa saat,
profesor Kasser berkata,
profesor Kasser berkata,
16:32
"Because we live in a machine
388
980628
2421
"Karena kita hidup dalam mesin
yang dirancang agar kita mengabaikan
hal yang penting dalam hidup."
hal yang penting dalam hidup."
16:35
that is designed to get us to neglect
what is important about life."
what is important about life."
389
983073
3733
16:39
I had to really think about that.
390
987260
1587
Aku memikirkan itu.
"Karena kita hidup dalam mesin
16:40
"Because we live in a machine
391
988871
1405
yang dirancang agar kita mengabaikan
hal yang penting dalam hidup."
hal yang penting dalam hidup."
16:42
that is designed to get us
to neglect what is important about life."
to neglect what is important about life."
392
990300
3678
16:46
And professor Kasser wanted to figure out
if we can disrupt that machine.
if we can disrupt that machine.
393
994299
3778
Profesor Kasser ingin tahu bisakah
mesin itu dikacaukan.
mesin itu dikacaukan.
Dia sudah melakukan banyak penelitian.
Kuberi satu contoh.
Kuberi satu contoh.
16:50
He's done loads of research into this;
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998101
1873
16:51
I'll tell you about one example,
395
999998
1555
Aku mendorong semua di sini
mencobanya dengan teman dan keluarga.
mencobanya dengan teman dan keluarga.
16:53
and I really urge everyone here
to try this with their friends and family.
to try this with their friends and family.
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1001577
3500
Dia mengumpulkan sekelompok remaja
dan dewasa bersama Nathan Dungan
dan dewasa bersama Nathan Dungan
16:57
With a guy called Nathan Dungan,
he got a group of teenagers and adults
he got a group of teenagers and adults
397
1005101
3342
17:00
to come together for a series of sessions
over a period of time, to meet up.
over a period of time, to meet up.
398
1008467
4213
untuk berkumpul dan bertemu selama
beberapa waktu.
beberapa waktu.
17:04
And part of the point of the group
399
1012704
1763
Salah satu inti kelompok itu adalah
17:06
was to get people to think
about a moment in their life
about a moment in their life
400
1014491
3300
untuk membuat orang berpikir tentang
momen dalam hidup yang berarti.
momen dalam hidup yang berarti.
17:09
they had actually found
meaning and purpose.
meaning and purpose.
401
1017815
2746
17:12
For different people,
it was different things.
it was different things.
402
1020585
2143
Masing-masing berbeda.
Untuk sebagian, itu adalah bermain musik,
menulis, membantu seseorang --
menulis, membantu seseorang --
17:14
For some people, it was playing music,
writing, helping someone --
writing, helping someone --
403
1022752
3617
17:18
I'm sure everyone here
can picture something, right?
can picture something, right?
404
1026393
2803
aku yakin semua di sini bisa memikirkan
sesuatu.
sesuatu.
Salah satu tujuan kelompok itu adalah
membuat orang bertanya,
membuat orang bertanya,
17:21
And part of the point of the group
was to get people to ask,
was to get people to ask,
405
1029220
2881
17:24
"OK, how could you dedicate
more of your life
more of your life
406
1032125
2762
"OK, bagaimana kau bisa
mendedikasikan lebih banyak hidupmu
mendedikasikan lebih banyak hidupmu
17:26
to pursuing these moments
of meaning and purpose,
of meaning and purpose,
407
1034911
2684
untuk mengejar momen-momen
berarti ini
berarti ini
17:29
and less to, I don't know,
buying crap you don't need,
buying crap you don't need,
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1037619
2950
dan mengurangi membeli barang yang
tak kau perlukan
tak kau perlukan
17:32
putting it on social media
and trying to get people to go,
and trying to get people to go,
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1040593
2722
untuk dipajang di media sosial dan
membuat orang lain iri.
membuat orang lain iri.
17:35
'OMG, so jealous!'"
410
1043339
1267
17:36
And what they found was,
411
1044958
1643
Yang mereka temukan adalah,
dengan pertemuan ini --
17:38
just having these meetings,
412
1046625
1334
yang mirip seperti Alcoholics Anonymous
untuk konsumerisme, 'kan?
untuk konsumerisme, 'kan?
17:39
it was like a kind of Alcoholics Anonymous
for consumerism, right?
for consumerism, right?
413
1047983
3110
17:43
Getting people to have these meetings,
articulate these values,
articulate these values,
414
1051807
2953
Mengumpulkan orang untuk bertemu,
menyatakan nilai-nilai,
menyatakan nilai-nilai,
17:46
determine to act on them
and check in with each other,
and check in with each other,
415
1054784
2531
bertekad untuk bertindak dan saling
mengecek
mengecek
17:49
led to a marked shift in people's values.
416
1057339
2857
berujung pada perubahan dalam
nilai-nilai manusia.
nilai-nilai manusia.
17:52
It took them away from this hurricane
of depression-generating messages
of depression-generating messages
417
1060220
4413
Hal itu menjauhkan kita dari badai pesan
penghasil depresi
penghasil depresi
yang melatih kita mencari kebahagiaan
di tempat yang salah,
di tempat yang salah,
17:56
training us to seek happiness
in the wrong places,
in the wrong places,
418
1064657
2634
dan lebih ke nilai-nilai bermakna
17:59
and towards more meaningful
and nourishing values
and nourishing values
419
1067315
3341
yang mengeluarkan kita dari depresi.
18:02
that lift us out of depression.
420
1070680
2000
18:05
But with all the solutions that I saw
and have written about,
and have written about,
421
1073347
3302
Tapi dengan semua solusi yang kulihat
dan telah kutulis,
dan telah kutulis,
18:08
and many I can't talk about here,
422
1076673
2739
dan banyak lagi yang tak bisa kubicarakan
18:11
I kept thinking,
423
1079436
1371
aku masih terus berpikir,
18:12
you know: Why did it take me so long
to see these insights?
to see these insights?
424
1080831
3699
kenapa butuh waktu lama bagiku
untuk melihatnya?
untuk melihatnya?
18:16
Because when you explain them to people --
425
1084554
2016
Waktu kau menjelaskan ke orang lain,
beberapa lebih rumit tapi tidak semua,
beberapa lebih rumit tapi tidak semua,
18:18
some of them are more
complicated, but not all --
complicated, but not all --
426
1086594
2444
18:21
when you explain this to people,
it's not like rocket science, right?
it's not like rocket science, right?
427
1089062
3244
ketika kau menjelaskannya, itu
tak sulit, bukan?
tak sulit, bukan?
Kita sudah tahu tentang hal ini.
18:24
At some level, we already
know these things.
know these things.
428
1092330
2095
Kenapa kita sulit memahaminya?
18:26
Why do we find it so hard to understand?
429
1094449
2637
Ada banyak alasan.
18:29
I think there's many reasons.
430
1097110
1934
18:31
But I think one reason is
that we have to change our understanding
that we have to change our understanding
431
1099475
4269
Salah satunya adalah kita harus
mengubah pemahaman kita
mengubah pemahaman kita
tentang apa itu depresi dan kecemasan
yang sebenarnya.
yang sebenarnya.
18:35
of what depression
and anxiety actually are.
and anxiety actually are.
432
1103768
3420
18:39
There are very real
biological contributions
biological contributions
433
1107776
2182
Ada kontribusi biologis yang nyata pada
depresi dan kecemasan.
depresi dan kecemasan.
18:41
to depression and anxiety.
434
1109982
1733
18:44
But if we allow the biology
to become the whole picture,
to become the whole picture,
435
1112117
3754
Tapi jika kita membiarkan biologi
menjadi gambaran besarnya,
menjadi gambaran besarnya,
seperti yang kulakukan, karena budaya
mempengaruhi sebagian besar hidupku,
mempengaruhi sebagian besar hidupku,
18:47
as I did for so long,
436
1115895
1246
18:49
as I would argue our culture
has done pretty much most of my life,
has done pretty much most of my life,
437
1117165
4065
yang kita katakan secara tersirat --
mungkin bukan niat kita begitu --
mungkin bukan niat kita begitu --
18:53
what we're implicitly saying to people
is, and this isn't anyone's intention,
is, and this isn't anyone's intention,
438
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tapi yang kita katakan adalah,
18:57
but what we're implicitly
saying to people is,
saying to people is,
439
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3037
"Rasa sakitmu tak berarti apa pun.
19:00
"Your pain doesn't mean anything.
440
1128196
2302
19:02
It's just a malfunction.
441
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1436
Itu hanya malfungsi.
19:03
It's like a glitch in a computer program,
442
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2469
Seperti kesalahan dalam program komputer,
19:06
it's just a wiring problem in your head."
443
1134475
2667
itu cuma masalah kabel dalam kepalamu."
Aku baru bisa merubah hidupku
19:10
But I was only able to start
changing my life
changing my life
444
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3107
ketika aku sadar bahwa depresi bukan
sebuah malfungsi.
sebuah malfungsi.
19:13
when I realized your depression
is not a malfunction.
is not a malfunction.
445
1141192
4065
19:18
It's a signal.
446
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1150
Melainkan sebuah sinyal.
19:20
Your depression is a signal.
447
1148684
2007
Depresimu adalah sinyal.
19:23
It's telling you something.
448
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1841
Yang memberitahumu sesuatu.
19:24
(Applause)
449
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4611
(Tepuk tangan)
19:29
We feel this way for reasons,
450
1157577
2389
Kita merasa begini karena suatu alasan,
mereka bisa susah dilihat saat depresi --
19:31
and they can be hard to see
in the throes of depression --
in the throes of depression --
451
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2715
aku sangat paham dari
pengalaman pribadi.
pengalaman pribadi.
19:34
I understand that really well
from personal experience.
from personal experience.
452
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2610
19:37
But with the right help,
we can understand these problems
we can understand these problems
453
1165363
3483
Tapi dengan bantuan yang tepat, kita
bisa memahami masalah ini
bisa memahami masalah ini
dan kita bisa memperbaikinya bersama.
19:40
and we can fix these problems together.
454
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2474
Tapi untuk melakukan itu,
19:43
But to do that,
455
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1192
langkah paling awal adalah
19:44
the very first step
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1172584
1738
kita harus berhenti mencela
sinyal-sinyal ini
sinyal-sinyal ini
19:46
is we have to stop insulting these signals
457
1174346
2618
dengan menganggap mereka kelemahan,
kegilaan, atau murni masalah biologis,
kegilaan, atau murni masalah biologis,
19:48
by saying they're a sign of weakness,
or madness or purely biological,
or madness or purely biological,
458
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4192
kecuali untuk sejumlah kecil orang.
19:53
except for a tiny number of people.
459
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1935
Kita harus mulai mendengarkan
sinyal-sinyal ini
sinyal-sinyal ini
19:55
We need to start
listening to these signals,
listening to these signals,
460
1183163
3626
19:58
because they're telling us
something we really need to hear.
something we really need to hear.
461
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3272
karena mereka memberitahu sesuatu
yang perlu kita dengar.
yang perlu kita dengar.
Hanya jika kita benar-benar
mendengarkan sinyal ini,
mendengarkan sinyal ini,
20:02
It's only when we truly
listen to these signals,
listen to these signals,
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5023
dan menghargai sinyal-sinyal tersebut,
20:07
and we honor these signals
and respect these signals,
and respect these signals,
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4015
kita akan mulai melihat
20:11
that we're going to begin to see
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2247
20:13
the liberating, nourishing,
deeper solutions.
deeper solutions.
465
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4158
solusi yang membebaskan, sehat, dan
mendalam.
mendalam.
20:19
The cows that are waiting all around us.
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4073
Yaitu sapi-sapi yang tengah menunggu di
sekitar kita.
sekitar kita.
Terima kasih.
20:23
Thank you.
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1211585
1181
(Tepuk tangan)
20:24
(Applause)
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3688
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Johann Hari - JournalistJohann Hari spent three years researching the war on drugs; along the way, he discovered that addiction is not what we think it is.
Why you should listen
British journalist Johann Hari is the author of the New York Times best-selling book Chasing The Scream, from which his talk on addiction was adapted and for which he spent three years researching the war on drugs and questioning the ways in which we treat addiction.
He has written for many of the world’s leading newspapers and magazines, including The New York Times, Le Monde, The Guardian, New Republic, The Nation, Slate.com, and The Sydney Morning Herald. He was a columnist for the British newspaper The Independent for nine years.
Hari was twice named National Newspaper Journalist of the Year by Amnesty International, was named Gay Journalist of the Year at the Stonewall Awards -- and won the Martha Gellhorn Prize for political writing.
Johann Hari | Speaker | TED.com