ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rebecca Brachman - Neuroscientist, writer, entrepreneur
Rebecca Brachman is a pioneer in the field of preventative psychopharmacology, developing drugs to enhance stress resilience and prevent mental illness.

Why you should listen

Current treatments for mood disorders only suppress symptoms without addressing the underlying disease, and there are no known cures. The drugs Rebecca Brachman is developing would be the first to prevent psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.

Brachman completed her PhD at Columbia University, prior to which she was a fellow at the National Institutes of Health, where she discovered that immune cells carry a memory of psychological stress and that white blood cells can act as antidepressants and resilience-enhancers. Brachman's research has been featured in The Atlantic, WIRED and Business Insider, and her work was recently described by Dr. George Slavich on NPR as a "moonshot project that is very much needed in the mental health arena."

In addition to conducting ongoing research at Columbia, Brachman is an NYCEDC Entrepreneurship Lab Fellow and cofounder of Paravax -- a biotech startup developing vaccine-like prophylactic drugs ("paravaccines") -- along with her scientific collaborator, Christine Ann Denny. She is also working on a non-profit venture to repurpose existing generic drugs for use as prophylactics, and previously served as the Interim Program Director for Outreach at the Zuckerman Institute at Columbia University.

Brachman is also a playwright and screenwriter. She holds Bachelor's degrees in both neuroscience and creative wWriting, and she is currently working on a tech-focused writing project with her long-time writing partner, Sean Calder ("Grimm," "Damages," "ER"). She served as the director of NeuWrite, a national network of science-writing groups that fosters ongoing collaboration between scientists, writers and artists, and she has been featured as a storyteller at The Story Collider.

(Photo: Kenneth Willardt)

More profile about the speaker
Rebecca Brachman | Speaker | TED.com
TED2017

Rebecca Brachman: A new class of drug that could prevent depression and PTSD

Rebecca Brachman: Uma nova classe de medicamentos que pode prevenir a depressão e o estresse pós-traumático

Filmed:
2,091,035 views

Os tratamentos atuais para depressão e estresse pós-traumático apenas inibem os sintomas, se funcionam de alguma forma. E se pudéssemos impedir que essas doenças se desenvolvessem completamente? A neurocientista e bolsista TED Rebecca Brachman compartilha a história da descoberta acidental de sua equipe de uma nova classe de medicamentos que, pela primeira vez, pode prevenir os efeitos negativos do estresse e aumentar a capacidade de recuperação e crescimento de uma pessoa. Saiba como esses medicamentos para aumentar a resiliência podem mudar a maneira como tratamos as doenças mentais.
- Neuroscientist, writer, entrepreneur
Rebecca Brachman is a pioneer in the field of preventative psychopharmacology, developing drugs to enhance stress resilience and prevent mental illness. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
So the first antidepressants
were made from, of all things,
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Os primeiros antidepressivos
foram feitos, dentre todas as coisas,
00:16
rocket fuel, left over after World War II.
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a partir de combustível de foguetes,
que sobraram da Segunda Guerra Mundial.
00:20
Which is fitting, seeing as today,
one in five soldiers develop depression,
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É apropriado, já que, hoje, um em cada
cinco soldados desenvolve depressão,
00:25
or post-traumatic stress disorder or both.
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ou transtorno de estresse
pós-traumático, ou ambos.
00:29
But it's not just soldiers
that are at high risk for these diseases.
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Mas não são apenas os soldados que têm
alto risco de desenvolver essas doenças.
00:33
It's firefighters, ER doctors,
cancer patients, aid workers, refugees --
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São bombeiros, médicos do pronto-socorro,
pacientes com câncer,
trabalhadores humanitários, refugiados,
00:38
anyone exposed to trauma
or major life stress.
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qualquer pessoa exposta a traumas
ou a grande estresse na vida.
00:42
And yet, despite how commonplace
these disorders are,
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No entanto, apesar de esses
distúrbios serem comuns,
00:45
our current treatments,
if they work at all,
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nossos tratamentos atuais,
se funcionam de alguma forma,
00:49
only suppress symptoms.
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apenas inibem os sintomas.
00:53
In 1798, when Edward Jenner
discovered the first vaccine --
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Em 1798, quando Edward Jenner
descobriu a primeira vacina,
00:57
it happened to be for smallpox --
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que por acaso era para a varíola,
00:59
he didn't just discover
a prophylactic for a disease,
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ele não descobriu apenas
uma profilaxia para uma doença,
01:03
but a whole new way of thinking:
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mas uma nova maneira de pensar:
01:05
that medicine could prevent disease.
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que a medicina poderia prevenir doenças.
01:08
However, for over 200 years,
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No entanto, por mais de 200 anos,
01:10
this prevention was not believed
to extend to psychiatric diseases.
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não se acreditava que essa prevenção
se estendesse a doenças psiquiátricas.
01:14
Until 2014, when my colleague and I
accidentally discovered
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Até 2014, quando meu colega e eu
descobrimos acidentalmente
01:18
the first drugs that might prevent
depression and PTSD.
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os primeiros medicamentos que poderiam
prevenir a depressão e o TEPT.
01:22
We discovered the drugs in mice,
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Descobrimos em camundongos,
01:24
and we're currently studying
whether they work in humans.
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e atualmente estamos estudando
se funcionam em humanos.
01:28
And these preventative
psychopharmaceuticals
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Esses psicofármacos preventivos
01:30
are not antidepressants.
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não são antidepressivos.
01:32
They are a whole new class of drug.
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São uma classe totalmente
nova de medicamentos.
01:34
And they work by increasing
stress resilience,
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Trabalham aumentando
a resiliência ao estresse.
01:37
so let's call them resilience enhancers.
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Vamos chamá-los
de potenciadores de resiliência.
01:39
So think back to a stressful time
that you've since recovered from.
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Relembrem um momento estressante
do qual vocês se recuperaram:
01:43
Maybe a breakup or an exam,
you missed a flight.
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talvez uma separação, um exame
ou um voo perdido.
01:47
Stress resilience
is the active biological process
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A resiliência ao estresse
é o processo biológico ativo
01:51
that allows us
to bounce back after stress.
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que nos permite a recuperação
após o estresse.
01:54
Similar to if you have a cold
and your immune system fights it off.
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É parecido com um resfriado e a luta
do sistema imunológico contra ele.
01:57
And insufficient resilience
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A resiliência insuficiente
01:59
in the face of a significant
enough stressor,
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diante de um estressor
significativo o bastante
02:02
can result in a psychiatric disorder,
such as depression.
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pode resultar em distúrbio
psiquiátrico, como depressão.
De fato, a maioria dos casos
de transtorno depressivo maior
02:04
In fact, most cases
of major depressive disorder
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02:07
are initially triggered by stress.
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é inicialmente desencadeada pelo estresse.
02:10
And from what we've seen so far in mice,
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Do que vimos até agora em camundongos,
02:12
resilience enhancers can protect
against purely biological stressors,
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os potenciadores
de resiliência podem proteger
contra estressores puramente biológicos,
02:17
like stress hormones,
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como hormônios do estresse,
02:18
and social and psychological stressors,
like bullying and isolation.
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e estressores sociais e psicológicos,
como o bullying e o isolamento.
02:23
So here is an example where we gave mice
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Este é um exemplo
em que demos aos camundongos
02:27
three weeks of high levels
of stress hormones.
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três semanas de altos níveis
de hormônios do estresse.
02:31
So, in other words, a biological stressor
without a psychological component.
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Em outras palavras, um estressor biológico
sem um componente psicológico.
02:34
And this causes depressive behavior.
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Isso causa um comportamento depressivo.
02:37
And if we give three weeks
of antidepressant treatment beforehand,
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Se dermos três semanas de tratamento
antidepressivo de antemão,
02:41
it has no beneficial effects.
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isso não tem efeitos benéficos.
02:43
But a single dose of a resilience
enhancer given a week before
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Mas uma dose única de um potenciador
de resiliência, dada uma semana antes,
02:49
completely prevents
the depressive behavior.
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impede completamente
o comportamento depressivo,
02:53
Even after three weeks of stress.
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mesmo depois de três semanas de estresse.
02:55
This is the first time
a drug has ever been shown
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Essa é a primeira vez
que se apresenta um medicamento
02:59
to prevent the negative effects of stress.
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para prevenir os efeitos
negativos do estresse.
03:01
Depression and PTSD are chronic,
often lifelong, clinical diseases.
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A depressão e o TEPT são doenças clínicas
crônicas e muitas vezes de toda a vida.
03:08
They also increase the risk
of substance abuse, homelessness,
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Elas também aumentam o risco
de abuso de substâncias, fuga do lar,
03:11
heart disease, Alzheimer's, suicide.
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doenças cardíacas,
mal de Alzheimer, suicídio.
03:15
The global cost of depression alone
is over three trillion dollars per year.
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Somente o custo global da depressão
é superior a US$ 3 trilhões por ano.
03:20
But now, imagine a scenario
where we know someone is predictively
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Mas agora, imaginem um cenário em que
sabemos que alguém tem, previsivelmente,
03:24
at high risk for exposure
to extreme stress.
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um alto risco de exposição
ao estresse extremo,
03:28
Say, a red cross volunteer
going into an earthquake zone.
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como uma voluntária da Cruz Vermelha
indo a uma zona de terremotos.
03:31
In addition to the typhoid vaccine,
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Além da vacina contra a febre tifoide,
03:33
we could give her a pill or an injection
of a resilience enhancer
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poderíamos lhe dar uma pílula ou injeção
de um potenciador de resiliência
03:37
before she leaves.
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antes de ela partir.
03:38
So when she is held at gunpoint
by looters or worse,
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Quando mantida sob a mira de uma arma
por saqueadores, ou pior,
03:42
she would at least be protected
against developing depression or PTSD
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ela estaria pelo menos protegida contra
o desenvolvimento de depressão ou TEPT
03:46
after the fact.
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após o fato.
03:47
It won't prevent her
from experiencing the stress,
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Isso não a impedirá
de passar pelo estresse,
03:50
but it will allow her to recover from it.
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mas permitirá que se recupere dele.
03:53
And that's what's revolutionary here.
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Isso é revolucionário.
03:55
By increasing resiliency,
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Ao aumentar a resiliência,
03:57
we can dramatically reduce
her susceptibility to depression and PTSD,
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podemos reduzir drasticamente
sua suscetibilidade à depressão e ao TEPT,
04:02
possibly saving her from losing her job,
her home, her family or even her life.
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talvez evitando que ela perca o emprego,
a casa, a família ou até mesmo a vida.
04:09
After Jenner discovered
the smallpox vaccine,
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Depois que Jenner descobriu
a vacina contra a varíola,
04:12
a lot of other vaccines rapidly followed.
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muitas outras vacinas
surgiram rapidamente em seguida.
04:15
But it was over 150 years
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Mas se passaram mais de 150 anos
04:17
before a tuberculosis vaccine
was widely available.
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até que uma vacina contra a tuberculose
estivesse amplamente disponível.
04:21
Why?
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Por quê?
04:23
In part because society believed
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Em parte porque a sociedade acreditava
04:25
that tuberculosis made people more
sensitive and creative and empathetic.
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que a tuberculose tornava as pessoas
mais sensíveis, criativas e empáticas.
04:30
And that it was caused
by constitution and not biology.
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Isso era causado pela constituição
e não pela biologia.
04:34
And similar things are still said
today about depression.
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Coisas semelhantes ainda são ditas
hoje sobre a depressão.
04:39
And just as Jenner's discovery
opened the door
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Assim como a descoberta
de Jenner abriu as portas
04:42
for all of the vaccines
that followed after,
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para todas as vacinas que se seguiram,
04:45
the drugs we've discovered
open the possibility of a whole new field:
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os medicamentos que descobrimos
abrem a possibilidade de um novo campo:
04:49
preventative psychopharmacology.
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a psicofarmacologia preventiva.
04:52
But whether that's 15 years away,
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Mas, se isso está a 15 anos de distância,
04:55
or 150 years away,
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ou a 150 anos de distância,
04:57
depends not just on the science,
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depende não apenas da ciência,
04:59
but on what we as a society
choose to do with it.
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mas do que nós, como sociedade,
escolhemos fazer com ela.
05:03
Thank you.
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Obrigada.
05:04
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
Translated by Maurício Kakuei Tanaka
Reviewed by Leonardo Silva

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rebecca Brachman - Neuroscientist, writer, entrepreneur
Rebecca Brachman is a pioneer in the field of preventative psychopharmacology, developing drugs to enhance stress resilience and prevent mental illness.

Why you should listen

Current treatments for mood disorders only suppress symptoms without addressing the underlying disease, and there are no known cures. The drugs Rebecca Brachman is developing would be the first to prevent psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.

Brachman completed her PhD at Columbia University, prior to which she was a fellow at the National Institutes of Health, where she discovered that immune cells carry a memory of psychological stress and that white blood cells can act as antidepressants and resilience-enhancers. Brachman's research has been featured in The Atlantic, WIRED and Business Insider, and her work was recently described by Dr. George Slavich on NPR as a "moonshot project that is very much needed in the mental health arena."

In addition to conducting ongoing research at Columbia, Brachman is an NYCEDC Entrepreneurship Lab Fellow and cofounder of Paravax -- a biotech startup developing vaccine-like prophylactic drugs ("paravaccines") -- along with her scientific collaborator, Christine Ann Denny. She is also working on a non-profit venture to repurpose existing generic drugs for use as prophylactics, and previously served as the Interim Program Director for Outreach at the Zuckerman Institute at Columbia University.

Brachman is also a playwright and screenwriter. She holds Bachelor's degrees in both neuroscience and creative wWriting, and she is currently working on a tech-focused writing project with her long-time writing partner, Sean Calder ("Grimm," "Damages," "ER"). She served as the director of NeuWrite, a national network of science-writing groups that fosters ongoing collaboration between scientists, writers and artists, and she has been featured as a storyteller at The Story Collider.

(Photo: Kenneth Willardt)

More profile about the speaker
Rebecca Brachman | Speaker | TED.com