ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rebecca Brachman - Neuroscientist, writer, entrepreneur
Rebecca Brachman is a pioneer in the field of preventative psychopharmacology, developing drugs to enhance stress resilience and prevent mental illness.

Why you should listen

Current treatments for mood disorders only suppress symptoms without addressing the underlying disease, and there are no known cures. The drugs Rebecca Brachman is developing would be the first to prevent psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.

Brachman completed her PhD at Columbia University, prior to which she was a fellow at the National Institutes of Health, where she discovered that immune cells carry a memory of psychological stress and that white blood cells can act as antidepressants and resilience-enhancers. Brachman's research has been featured in The Atlantic, WIRED and Business Insider, and her work was recently described by Dr. George Slavich on NPR as a "moonshot project that is very much needed in the mental health arena."

In addition to conducting ongoing research at Columbia, Brachman is an NYCEDC Entrepreneurship Lab Fellow and cofounder of Paravax -- a biotech startup developing vaccine-like prophylactic drugs ("paravaccines") -- along with her scientific collaborator, Christine Ann Denny. She is also working on a non-profit venture to repurpose existing generic drugs for use as prophylactics, and previously served as the Interim Program Director for Outreach at the Zuckerman Institute at Columbia University.

Brachman is also a playwright and screenwriter. She holds Bachelor's degrees in both neuroscience and creative wWriting, and she is currently working on a tech-focused writing project with her long-time writing partner, Sean Calder ("Grimm," "Damages," "ER"). She served as the director of NeuWrite, a national network of science-writing groups that fosters ongoing collaboration between scientists, writers and artists, and she has been featured as a storyteller at The Story Collider.

(Photo: Kenneth Willardt)

More profile about the speaker
Rebecca Brachman | Speaker | TED.com
TED2017

Rebecca Brachman: A new class of drug that could prevent depression and PTSD

Rebeka Brakman (Rebecca Brachman): Nova vrsta lekova koja bi mogla da spreči depresiju i PTSP

Filmed:
2,091,035 views

Postojeći tretmani za depresiju i PTSP samo potiskuju simptome, ako uopšte deluju. Šta ako bismo mogli da sprečimo da se ove bolesti u celini razviju? Neuronaučnica i član programa TED Fellows, Rebeka Brakman, iznosi priču o tome kako je njen tim slučajno otkrio novu vrstu lekova koji po prvi put mogu sprečiti negativne posledice stresa i povećati sposobnost osobe da se oporavi i razvija. Saznajte kako ovi lekovi za jačanje otpornosti mogu promeniti način na koji lečimo mentalne bolesti.
- Neuroscientist, writer, entrepreneur
Rebecca Brachman is a pioneer in the field of preventative psychopharmacology, developing drugs to enhance stress resilience and prevent mental illness. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
So the first antidepressantsантидепресиви
were madeмаде from, of all things,
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Prvi antidepresivi su bili napravljeni,
pored svih mogućih opcija,
00:16
rocketракета fuelгориво, left over after WorldSvet WarRat IIII.
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od raketnog goriva preostalog
nakon Drugog svetskog rata.
00:20
WhichŠto is fittingфиттинг, seeingвиди as todayданас,
one in fiveпет soldiersвојници developразвити depressionдепресија,
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Što je prikladno, budući da danas
svaki peti vojnik razvije depresiju,
00:25
or post-traumaticpost-traumatskog stressстрес disorderпоремећај or bothи једно и друго.
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posttraumatski stresni poremećaj ili oba.
00:29
But it's not just soldiersвојници
that are at highвисоко riskризик for these diseasesболести.
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Ali nisu samo vojnici
pod visokim rizikom od ovih oboljenja.
00:33
It's firefightersVatrogasci, ERER doctorsдоктори,
cancerрак patientsпацијенти, aidпомоћ workersрадници, refugeesизбеглице --
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Tu spadaju i vatrogasci,
lekari hitne pomoći,
pacijenti oboleli od raka,
humanitarci, izbeglice -
00:38
anyoneбило ко exposedизложено to traumatraume
or majorглавни life stressстрес.
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svako ko je izložen traumi
ili velikom životnom stresu.
00:42
And yetјош увек, despiteупркос how commonplaceuobičajeno
these disordersпоремећаји are,
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A ipak, uprkos učestalosti ovih bolesti,
00:45
our currentТренутни treatmentsтретмани,
if they work at all,
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naši sadašnji tretmani, ako uopšte deluju,
00:49
only suppressпотисни symptomsсимптоми.
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samo potiskuju simptome.
00:53
In 1798, when EdwardEdvard JennerJenner
discoveredоткривени the first vaccineвакцина --
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Godine 1798, kada je Edvard Džener
otkrio prvu vakcinu -
bila je to vakcina za velike boginje -
00:57
it happenedдесило to be for smallpoxвелике богиње --
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00:59
he didn't just discoverоткрити
a prophylactickondom for a diseaseболест,
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nije otkrio samo jednu preventivu
za određenu bolest,
01:03
but a wholeцела newново way of thinkingразмишљање:
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već potpuno nov način razmišljanja -
01:05
that medicineмедицина could preventспречити diseaseболест.
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da lek može da spreči bolest.
01:08
HoweverMeđutim, for over 200 yearsгодине,
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Međutim, više od 200 godina,
01:10
this preventionпревенција was not believedверовали
to extendпроширити to psychiatricpsihijatrijski diseasesболести.
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nije se smatralo da se ova prevencija
može proširiti na psihijatrijske bolesti.
01:14
UntilSve do 2014, when my colleagueколега and I
accidentallyslučajno discoveredоткривени
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Sve do 2014. godine,
kada smo moje kolege i ja slučajno otkrili
01:18
the first drugsдроге that mightМожда preventспречити
depressionдепресија and PTSDPTSP-A.
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prve lekove koji mogu sprečiti
depresiju i PTSP.
Otkrili smo te lekove na miševima
01:22
We discoveredоткривени the drugsдроге in miceмишеви,
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01:24
and we're currentlyтренутно studyingстудирање
whetherда ли је they work in humansљуди.
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i trenutno izučavamo
da li deluju na ljudima.
01:28
And these preventativeпревентивна
psychopharmaceuticalspsychopharmaceuticals
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Ovi preventivni psihofarmaci
01:30
are not antidepressantsантидепресиви.
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nisu antidepresivi.
01:32
They are a wholeцела newново classкласа of drugдрога.
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To je potpuno nova vrsta lekova.
01:34
And they work by increasingповећање
stressстрес resilienceеластичност,
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Deluju tako što povećavaju
otpornost na stres,
01:37
so let's call them resilienceеластичност enhancersenhancers.
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pa hajde da ih nazovemo
pojačivačima otpornosti.
01:39
So think back to a stressfulстресно time
that you've sinceОд recoveredoporavio from.
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Setite se stresnog trenutka
od koga ste se u međuvremenu oporavili.
01:43
Maybe a breakupraskid or an examispit,
you missedПропустио a flightлет.
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Možda je to bio raskid, ispit
ili ste zakasnili na avion.
01:47
StressStres resilienceеластичност
is the activeактиван biologicalбиолошки processпроцес
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Otpornost na stres
je aktivni biološki proces
01:51
that allowsомогућава us
to bounceodskok back after stressстрес.
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koji nam omogućava
da se oporavimo nakon stresa.
01:54
SimilarSlične to if you have a coldхладно
and your immuneимуно systemсистем fightsборбе it off.
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Slično je tome kad imate prehladu
i vaš imuni sistem se bori protiv toga.
01:57
And insufficientnedovoljna resilienceеластичност
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Nedovoljna otpornost
pri suočavanju sa stresorom
koji je dovoljno značajan
01:59
in the faceлице of a significantзначајно
enoughдовољно stressorstressor,
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može dovesti do psihijatrijskog
poremećaja kao što je depresija.
02:02
can resultрезултат in a psychiatricpsihijatrijski disorderпоремећај,
suchтаква as depressionдепресија.
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02:04
In factчињеница, mostнајвише casesслучајева
of majorглавни depressivedepresivan disorderпоремећај
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Zapravo, većinu slučajeva teže depresije
02:07
are initiallyна почетку triggeredактивирано by stressстрес.
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prvobitno je izazvao stres.
Na osnovu onoga što smo do sada
videli kod miševa,
02:10
And from what we'veми смо seenвиђено so farдалеко in miceмишеви,
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02:12
resilienceеластичност enhancersenhancers can protectзаштитити
againstпротив purelyчисто biologicalбиолошки stressorsstressors,
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pojačivači otpornosti mogu da zaštite
od čisto bioloških stresora
02:17
like stressстрес hormoneshormoni,
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kao što su hormoni stresa,
02:18
and socialсоцијално and psychologicalпсихолошки stressorsstressors,
like bullyingmaltretiranje and isolationizolacija.
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kao i od društvenih i psiholoških stresora
kao što je maltretiranje i izolovanost.
02:23
So here is an exampleпример where we gaveдала miceмишеви
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Evo primera u kome smo miševe izlagali
02:27
threeтри weeksнедељама of highвисоко levelsнивоа
of stressстрес hormoneshormoni.
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visokom nivou hormona stresa
tokom tri nedelje.
02:31
So, in other wordsречи, a biologicalбиолошки stressorstressor
withoutбез a psychologicalпсихолошки componentсаставни део.
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Dakle, drugim rečima, biološki stres
bez psihološke komponente.
02:34
And this causesузроке depressivedepresivan behaviorпонашање.
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To izaziva depresivno ponašanje.
02:37
And if we give threeтри weeksнедељама
of antidepressanto antidepresivima treatmentтретман beforehandунапријед,
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Ako im pre toga tri nedelje dajemo
tretman antidepresivima,
02:41
it has no beneficialblagotvorno effectsефекте.
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to nema značajnog uticaja.
02:43
But a singleједно dosedoza of a resilienceеластичност
enhancerUvećanje givenдато a weekНедеља before
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Ali samo jedna doza pojačivača otpornosti
data nedelju dana pre ovog događaja
02:49
completelyу потпуности preventssprečava
the depressivedepresivan behaviorпонашање.
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potpuno sprečava depresivno ponašanje.
02:53
Even after threeтри weeksнедељама of stressстрес.
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Čak i nakon tri nedelje stresa.
02:55
This is the first time
a drugдрога has ever been shownпоказано
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Ovo je prvi put da se pokazalo da neki lek
02:59
to preventспречити the negativeнегативно effectsефекте of stressстрес.
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sprečava negativno dejstvo stresa.
03:01
DepressionDepresija and PTSDPTSP-A are chronichronične,
oftenчесто lifelongдоживотно, clinicalклинички diseasesболести.
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Depresija i PTSP su hronične
i često doživotne kliničke bolesti.
03:08
They alsoтакође increaseповећати the riskризик
of substanceсупстанца abuseзлоупотреба, homelessnesshvalili,
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Takođe povećavaju rizik
od bolesti zavisnosti, beskućništva,
03:11
heartсрце diseaseболест, Alzheimer'sAlzheimerova bolest je, suicideсамоубиство.
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srčanih oboljenja,
Alchajmerove bolesti i samoubistva.
03:15
The globalглобално costтрошак of depressionдепресија aloneсами
is over threeтри trillionтрилион dollarsдолара perпер yearгодине.
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Cena lečenja samo depresije u svetu
je preko tri biliona dolara godišnje.
03:20
But now, imagineзамислити a scenarioсценарио
where we know someoneнеко is predictivelyprediktivno
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Ali, sada zamislite scenario
u kome znamo da je neko pouzdano
03:24
at highвисоко riskризик for exposureizlaganje
to extremeекстремно stressстрес.
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pod visokim rizikom od izloženosti
ekstremnom stresu.
03:28
Say, a redцрвена crossкрст volunteerволонтер
going into an earthquakeземљотрес zoneзоне.
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Recimo, volonterka Crvenog krsta
koja ide u zonu zemljotresa.
03:31
In additionдодатак to the typhoidтифус vaccineвакцина,
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Pored vakcine protiv tifusa,
03:33
we could give her a pillпилула or an injectioninjekcija
of a resilienceеластичност enhancerUvećanje
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možemo joj dati pilulu
ili injekciju pojačivača otpornosti
03:37
before she leavesоставља.
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pre nego što ode.
03:38
So when she is heldОдржан at gunpointupotrebom sile
by looterslopovi or worseгоре,
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Time, kada pljačkaši upere oružje
u nju ili se desi nešto još gore,
03:42
she would at leastнајмање be protectedzaštićeni
againstпротив developingразвој depressionдепресија or PTSDPTSP-A
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ona je makar zaštićena
od razvijanja depresije ili PTSP-a
03:46
after the factчињеница.
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nakon događaja.
03:47
It won'tнеће preventспречити her
from experiencingдоживљава the stressстрес,
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To neće sprečiti da doživi stres,
03:50
but it will allowдозволите her to recoverопоравити се from it.
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ali će joj omogućiti
da se oporavi od njega.
03:53
And that's what's revolutionaryреволуционарно here.
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To je ono što je ovde revolucionarno.
03:55
By increasingповећање resiliencyprilagodljivih,
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Povećanjem otpornosti,
03:57
we can dramaticallyдраматично reduceсмањити
her susceptibilitypodložnost to depressionдепресија and PTSDPTSP-A,
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možemo drastično smanjiti
njenu podložnost depresiji i PTSP-u,
04:02
possiblyмогуће savingуштеда her from losingгубе her jobпосао,
her home, her familyпородица or even her life.
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čime je potencijalno spasavamo od gubitka
posla, kuće, porodice ili čak života.
04:09
After JennerJenner discoveredоткривени
the smallpoxвелике богиње vaccineвакцина,
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Nakon što je Džener
otkrio vakcinu protiv velikih boginja,
04:12
a lot of other vaccinesвакцине rapidlyбрзо followedзатим.
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ubrzo je usledilo mnogo drugih vakcina.
04:15
But it was over 150 yearsгодине
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Ali prošlo je više od 150 godina
04:17
before a tuberculosistuberkuloze vaccineвакцина
was widelyшироко availableдоступан.
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dok vakcina protiv tuberkuloze
nije postala široko dostupna.
04:21
Why?
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Zašto?
04:23
In partдео because societyдруштво believedверовали
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Delimično zato što je društvo verovalo
04:25
that tuberculosistuberkuloze madeмаде people more
sensitiveосетљив and creativeкреативан and empatheticsaoseжajna.
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da je tuberkuloza
činila ljude osetljivijim,
kreativnijim i saosećajnijim,
04:30
And that it was causedизазвана
by constitutionустава and not biologyбиологија.
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i da je uzrokovana
duševnim sklopom, a ne biologijom.
04:34
And similarслично things are still said
todayданас about depressionдепресија.
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Slične stvari se i danas govore
u vezi sa depresijom.
04:39
And just as Jenner'sJenner discoveryоткриће
openedотворен the doorврата
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Kao što je i Dženerovo otkriće
otvorilo vrata svim vakcinama
koje su nakon toga usledile,
04:42
for all of the vaccinesвакцине
that followedзатим after,
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04:45
the drugsдроге we'veми смо discoveredоткривени
openотворен the possibilityмогућност of a wholeцела newново fieldпоље:
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lekovi koje smo otkrili
otvaraju mogućnost potpuno novog polja:
04:49
preventativeпревентивна psychopharmacologyPsihofarmakologija.
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preventivne psihofarmakologije.
04:52
But whetherда ли је that's 15 yearsгодине away,
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Ali da li će se to desiti za 15
04:55
or 150 yearsгодине away,
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ili 150 godina,
04:57
dependsзависи not just on the scienceНаука,
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zavisi ne samo od nauke,
04:59
but on what we as a societyдруштво
chooseизаберите to do with it.
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već i od onoga što mi kao društvo
odlučimo da uradimo sa njom.
05:03
Thank you.
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Hvala.
05:04
(ApplauseAplauz)
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(Aplauz)
Translated by Ivana Krivokuća
Reviewed by Tijana Mihajlović

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rebecca Brachman - Neuroscientist, writer, entrepreneur
Rebecca Brachman is a pioneer in the field of preventative psychopharmacology, developing drugs to enhance stress resilience and prevent mental illness.

Why you should listen

Current treatments for mood disorders only suppress symptoms without addressing the underlying disease, and there are no known cures. The drugs Rebecca Brachman is developing would be the first to prevent psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.

Brachman completed her PhD at Columbia University, prior to which she was a fellow at the National Institutes of Health, where she discovered that immune cells carry a memory of psychological stress and that white blood cells can act as antidepressants and resilience-enhancers. Brachman's research has been featured in The Atlantic, WIRED and Business Insider, and her work was recently described by Dr. George Slavich on NPR as a "moonshot project that is very much needed in the mental health arena."

In addition to conducting ongoing research at Columbia, Brachman is an NYCEDC Entrepreneurship Lab Fellow and cofounder of Paravax -- a biotech startup developing vaccine-like prophylactic drugs ("paravaccines") -- along with her scientific collaborator, Christine Ann Denny. She is also working on a non-profit venture to repurpose existing generic drugs for use as prophylactics, and previously served as the Interim Program Director for Outreach at the Zuckerman Institute at Columbia University.

Brachman is also a playwright and screenwriter. She holds Bachelor's degrees in both neuroscience and creative wWriting, and she is currently working on a tech-focused writing project with her long-time writing partner, Sean Calder ("Grimm," "Damages," "ER"). She served as the director of NeuWrite, a national network of science-writing groups that fosters ongoing collaboration between scientists, writers and artists, and she has been featured as a storyteller at The Story Collider.

(Photo: Kenneth Willardt)

More profile about the speaker
Rebecca Brachman | Speaker | TED.com