TEDGlobal 2009
Misha Glenny: The real story of McMafia -- how global crime networks work
Miša Gleni (Misha Glenny) istražuje globalnu kriminalnu mrežu
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Novinar Miša Gleni je proveo nekoliko godina u hrabroj istrazi mreže organizovanog kriminala širom sveta, koja je narasla na procenjenih 15% globalne ekonomije. Od ruske mafije do ogromnih narko kartela, njegovi izvori uključuju ne samo obaveštajne i policijske snage već i kriminalne doušnike.
Misha Glenny - Underworld investigator
Journalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization. Full bio
Journalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
These are grim economic times,
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Ovo su tmurna ekonomska vremena,
00:15
fellow TEDsters, grim economic times indeed.
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prijatelji sa TED-a, uistinu tmurna ekonomska vremena.
00:18
And so, I would like to cheer you up
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Tako da bih želeo da vas oraspoložim
00:21
with one of the great, albeit largely unknown,
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sa jednom sjajnom, mada prilično nepoznatom
00:24
commercial success stories
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pričom o komercijalnom uspehu
00:26
of the past 20 years.
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u poslednjih 20 godina.
00:28
Comparable, in its own very peculiar way,
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Može se uporediti, na neki svoj čudan način,
00:31
to the achievements of Microsoft or Google.
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sa postignućima Majkrosofta ili Gugla.
00:34
And it's an industry which has bucked the current recession
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To je industrija koja je trenutnu recesiju preživela
00:37
with equanimity.
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sa ravnodušnošću.
00:39
I refer to organized crime.
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Mislim na organizovani kriminal.
00:42
Now organized crime has been around
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Organizovani kriminal postoji
00:44
for a very long time, I hear you say,
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već dugo, čujem da kažete,
00:47
and these would be wise words, indeed.
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to su zaista mudre reči.
00:49
But in the last two decades,
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Ali u poslednje 2 decenije,
00:52
it has experienced an unprecedented expansion,
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doživeo je nečuvenu ekspanziju,
00:55
now accounting for roughly 15 percent
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gde sada zauzima oko 15 posto
00:59
of the world's GDP.
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svetskog BDP.
01:01
I like to call it the Global Shadow Economy,
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Imam običaj da ga zovem svetska ekonomija iz senke
01:04
or McMafia, for short.
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ili skraćeno MekMafija.
01:07
So what triggered this extraordinary growth
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Dakle, šta je pokrenulo ovaj neobičan rast
01:10
in cross-border crime?
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u prekograničnom kriminalu?
01:12
Well, of course, there is globalization,
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Pa, naravno, tu je globalizacija,
01:14
technology, communications, all that stuff,
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tehnologija, komunikacije, sve te stvari,
01:17
which we'll talk about a little bit later.
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o kojima ćemo govoriti nešto kasnije.
01:20
But first, I would like to take you back
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Ali prvo, želeo bih da vas podsetim
01:23
to this event:
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na ovaj događaj:
01:25
the collapse of communism.
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krah komunizma.
01:27
All across Eastern Europe, a most momentous episode
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Širom istočne Evrope, najznačajniji događaj
01:31
in our post-war history.
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u našoj posleratnoj istoriji.
01:33
Now it's time for full disclosure.
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Sada je vreme za potpuno razotkrivanje.
01:36
This event meant a great deal to me personally.
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Ovaj događaj znači mnogo meni lično.
01:39
I had started smuggling books across the Iron Curtain
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Počeo sam da švercujem knjige
širom Gvozdene zavese
širom Gvozdene zavese
01:43
to Democratic opposition groups in Eastern Europe,
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demokratskim opozicionim grupama
u istočnoj Evropi,
u istočnoj Evropi,
01:45
like Solidarity in Poland,
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kao što je Solidarnost u Poljskoj,
01:47
when I was in my teens.
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gde sam bio kao tinejdžer.
01:49
I then started writing about Eastern Europe,
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Nakon toga sam počeo da pišem
o istočnoj Evropi
o istočnoj Evropi
01:53
and eventually I became the BBC's chief correspondent for the region,
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i na kraju sam postao
glavni dopisnik BBC-ja za region,
glavni dopisnik BBC-ja za region,
01:57
which is what I was doing in 1989.
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što sam radio 1989. godine.
02:01
And so when 425 million people
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Tako da kada se 425 miliona ljudi
02:05
finally won the right
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konačno izborilo za pravo
02:07
to choose their own governments,
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da sami biraju svoje vlade,
02:09
I was ecstatic,
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bio sam ushićen,
02:12
but I was also a touch worried
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ali i pomalo zabrinut
02:14
about some of the nastier things
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zbog nekih gadnijih stvari
02:16
lurking behind the wall.
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koje su vrebale iza zida.
02:18
It wasn't long, for example,
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Nije prošlo dugo, na primer,
02:20
before ethnic nationalism
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dok etnički nacionalizam
02:22
reared its bloody head
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nije digao svoju krvavu glavu
02:24
in Yugoslavia.
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u Jugoslaviji.
02:26
And amongst the chaos,
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I u svom tom haosu,
02:28
amidst the euphoria,
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usred euforije,
02:30
it took me a little while to understand
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trebalo mi je malo vremena da razumem
02:32
that some of the people who had wielded power
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da neki ljudi koji su zadobijali vlast
02:35
before 1989, in Eastern Europe,
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pre 1989. godine u istočnoj Evropi,
02:39
continued to do so after the revolutions there.
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nastavili s tim i nakon revolucija.
02:43
Obviously there were characters like this.
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Očigledno je bilo ovakvih likova.
02:47
But there were also some more unexpected people
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Ali bilo je i nekih drugih neočekivanih ljudi
02:51
who played a critical role in what was going on in Eastern Europe.
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koji su igrali ključnu ulogu u svemu
što se dešavalo u istočnoj Evropi.
što se dešavalo u istočnoj Evropi.
02:55
Like this character. Remember these guys?
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Kao ovaj lik. Sećate se njih?
02:58
They used to win the gold medals in weightlifting
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Nekada su osvajali zlatne medalje
u dizanju tegova
u dizanju tegova
03:00
and wrestling, every four years in the Olympics,
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i rvanju, svake 4 godine na Olimpijadi
03:03
and they were the great celebrities of communism,
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i bili su velike zvezde komunizma
03:06
with a fabulous lifestyle to go with it.
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sa fascinantnim načinom života uz sve to.
03:09
They used to get great apartments in the center of town,
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Dobijali su odlične stanove u centru grada,
03:11
casual sex on tap,
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neobavezni seks bez granica
03:13
and they could travel to the West very freely,
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i mogli su da putuju na zapad slobodno,
03:16
which was a great luxury at the time.
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što je bilo veliki luksuz u to vreme.
03:19
It may come as a surprise, but they played a critical role
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Možda je iznenađujuće,
ali oni su igrali ključnu ulogu
ali oni su igrali ključnu ulogu
03:23
in the emergence of the market economy
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u nastanku tržišne ekonomije
03:25
in Eastern Europe.
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u istočnoj Evropi.
03:27
Or as I like to call them, they are
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Ili kako volim da ih zovem, oni su
03:29
the midwives of capitalism.
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babice kapitalizma.
03:31
Here are some of those same weightlifters
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Evo nekih od tih istih dizača tegova
03:34
after their 1989 makeover.
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nakon njihovog preobražaja 1989.
03:37
Now in Bulgaria --
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Sada u Bugarskoj -
03:40
this photograph was taken in Bulgaria --
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ova fotografija je slikana u Bugarskoj -
03:42
when communism collapsed all over Eastern Europe,
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kada se komunizam raspao u čitavoj istočnoj Evropi,
03:45
it wasn't just communism;
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nije samo komunizam;
03:47
it was the state that collapsed as well.
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cela država se raspala sa njim.
03:49
That means your police force wasn't working.
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To znači da vaše policijske snage nisu radile.
03:51
The court system wasn't functioning properly.
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Sudski sistem nije funkcionisao ispravno.
03:54
So what was a business man in the brave new world
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Šta jedan biznismen u hrabrom novom svetu
03:59
of East European capitalism going to do
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istočno-evropskog kapitalizma može da uradi
04:01
to make sure that his contracts would be honored?
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da bi se uverio da će njegov ugovor biti ispoštovan?
04:05
Well, he would turn to people who were called, rather prosaically
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Pa, okrenuće se ljudima koje su
sociolozi prozaično nazivali
sociolozi prozaično nazivali
04:08
by sociologists, privatized law enforcement agencies.
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privatizovane agencije za sprovođenje zakona.
04:12
We prefer to know them as the mafia.
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Mi ih bolje znamo kao mafiju.
04:16
And in Bulgaria, the mafia was soon joined
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I u Bugarskoj, mafiji se vrlo brzo pridružilo
04:19
with 14,000 people
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14 000 ljudi
04:21
who were sacked from their jobs in the security services
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koji su bili otpušteni sa svojih poslova
u bezbednosnim službama
u bezbednosnim službama
04:25
between 1989 and 1991.
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između 1989. i 1991.
04:27
Now, when your state is collapsing,
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Kada vam se država raspada,
04:31
your economy is heading south at a rate of knots,
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vaša ekonomija ide južno brzinom od nekoliko čvorova,
04:34
the last people you want coming on to the labor market
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poslednje osobe koje želite na birou
04:37
are 14,000 men and women whose chief skills
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su 14 000 muškaraca i žena čije su glavne veštine
04:40
are surveillance,
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nadgledanje,
04:42
are smuggling, building underground networks
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švercovanje, stvaranje podzemnih mreža
04:45
and killing people.
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i ubijanje ljudi.
04:48
But that's what happened all over Eastern Europe.
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Ali to se dešavalo širom istočne Evrope.
04:51
Now, when I was working in the 1990s,
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Kada sam radio 1990-ih,
04:56
I spent most of the time covering
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proveo sam najviše vremena pokrivajući
04:59
the appalling conflict in Yugoslavia.
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užasan sukob u Jugoslaviji.
05:02
And I couldn't help notice
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Nisam mogao, a da ne primetim
05:04
that the people who were perpetrating the appalling atrocities,
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da ljudi koji su činili užasna zverstva,
05:08
the paramilitary organizations,
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paravojne organizacije,
05:11
were actually the same people running
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su zapravo bili isti oni ljudi koji su vodili
05:13
the organized criminal syndicates.
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sindikate organizovanog kriminala.
05:16
And I came to think that behind the violence
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Palo mi je na pamet da iza svog nasilja
05:20
lay a sinister criminal enterprise.
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leži zlokobni zločinacki poduhvat.
05:23
And so I resolved to travel around the world
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Zato sam rešio da putujem po svetu
05:27
examining this global criminal underworld
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proučavajući ovaj globalni podzemni svet kriminala
05:30
by talking to policemen,
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pričajući sa policajcima,
05:32
by talking to victims, by talking to consumers
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pričajući sa žrtvama, pričajući sa korisnicima
05:35
of illicit goods and services.
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nelegalnih roba i usluga.
05:37
But above all else, by talking to the gangsters themselves.
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Ali iznad svega, pričajući sa samim mafijašima.
05:42
And the Balkans was a fabulous place to start.
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I Balkan je bio fantastično mesto za početak.
05:45
Why? Well of course
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Zašto? Pa naravno
05:47
there was the issue of law and order collapsing,
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tu je bilo pitanje kolapsa reda i zakona,
05:49
but also, as they say in the retail trade,
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ali takođe, kao što kažu na rasprodajama
05:51
it's location, location, location.
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sve je u lokaciji, lokaciji, lokaciji.
05:55
And what I noticed at the beginning of my research
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Ono što sam primetio na početku svog istraživanja
05:57
that the Balkans had turned into a vast transit zone
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je da se Balkan pretvorio u ogromnu tranzitnu zonu
06:02
for illicit goods and services coming from all over the world.
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za nelegalna dobra i usluge iz svih krajeva sveta.
06:05
Heroin, cocaine,
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Heroin, kokain,
06:07
women being trafficked into prostitution
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žene koje su bivale uvučene u prostituciju
06:10
and precious minerals.
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i dragoceni minerali.
06:12
And where were they heading?
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Kuda su oni krenuli?
06:14
The European Union, which by now
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U Evropsku uniju, koja je do sada
06:16
was beginning to reap the benefits of globalization,
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počinjala da ubira koristi globalizacije,
06:20
transforming it into
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pretvarajući ih u
06:22
the most affluent consumer market in history,
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najuticajnije potrošačko društvo u istoriji,
06:25
eventually comprising some 500 million people.
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koje čini oko 500 miliona ljudi.
06:28
And a significant minority
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A značajna manjina
06:31
of those 500 million people
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od tih 500 miliona ljudi
06:33
like to spend some of their leisure time and spare cash
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voli da da troši nešto svog slobodnog vremena i novca
06:36
sleeping with prostitutes,
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spavajući sa prostitutkama,
06:38
sticking 50 Euro notes up their nose
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nabijajući novčanice od 50 evra pod noseve
06:41
and employing illegal migrant laborers.
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i zapošljavajući ilegalne radnike.
06:44
Now, organized crime in a globalizing world
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Organizovani kriminal u svetu globalizacije
06:48
operates in the same way as any other business.
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funkcioniše isto kao i svaki drugi biznis.
06:50
It has zones of production,
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Ima proizvodne zone,
06:53
like Afghanistan and Columbia.
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kao Avganistan i Kolumbiju.
06:56
It has zones of distribution,
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Ima zone distribucije,
06:58
like Mexico and the Balkans.
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kao Meksiko i Balkan.
07:01
And then, of course, it has zones of consumption,
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I onda, naravno, ima potrošačke zone,
07:05
like the European Union, Japan
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kao što su Evropska unija, Japan
07:07
and of course, the United States.
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i Sjedinjene Države.
07:10
The zones of production and distribution
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Zone proizvodnje i distribucije
07:13
tend to lie in the developing world,
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teže da se nalaze u zemljama u razvoju
07:16
and they are often threatened by appalling violence
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i često su ugrožene užasnim nasiljem
07:20
and bloodshed.
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i krvoprolićima.
07:22
Take Mexico, for example.
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Uzmite Meksiko, na primer.
07:24
Six thousand people killed there in the last 18 months
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6 hiljada ljudi je ubijeno u poslednjih 18 meseci
07:28
as a direct consequence of the cocaine trade.
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kao direktna posledica trgovine kokainom.
07:32
But what about the Democratic Republic of Congo?
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Šta je sa Demokratskom Republikom Kongo?
07:36
Since 1998, five million people have died there.
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Od 1998., 5 miliona ljudi je umrlo tamo.
07:42
It's not a conflict you read about much in the newspapers,
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To nije sukob o kom možete
mnogo da pročitate u novinama,
mnogo da pročitate u novinama,
07:44
but it's the biggest conflict on this planet
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ali je zato najveći sukob na planeti
07:47
since the Second World War.
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od Drugog svetskog rata.
07:49
And why is it? Because mafias from all around the world
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A zbog čega? Zbog mafije koja širom sveta
07:52
cooperate with local paramilitaries
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sarađuje sa lokalnim paravojnim formacijama
07:55
in order to seize the supplies
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u cilju zauzimanja zaliha
07:58
of the rich mineral resources
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bogatih mineralnih resursa
08:00
of the region.
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tog regiona.
08:02
In the year 2000, 80 percent of the world's coltan
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Tokom 2000. godine, 80 posto svetskog koltana
08:06
was sourced to the killing fields
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se nalazilo na poljima smrti
08:08
of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
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istočne Demokratske Republike Kongo.
08:12
Now, coltan you will find in almost every mobile phone,
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Koltan mozete pronaći u skoro svakom
mobilnom telefonu,
mobilnom telefonu,
08:16
in almost every laptop
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u skoro svakom laptopu
08:18
and games console.
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i igračkoj konzoli.
08:20
The Congolese war lords were selling this stuff to the mafia
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Gospodari rata Konga su prodavali ovo mafiji
08:23
in exchange for weapons,
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u zamenu za oružje
08:25
and the mafia would then sell it on to Western markets.
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i mafija bi onda to prodavala zapadnom tržistu.
08:29
And it is this Western desire
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Težnja zapada
08:31
to consume
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da troši
08:33
that is the primary driver
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je primarni pokretač
08:36
of international organized crime.
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međunarodnog organizovanog kriminala.
08:39
Now, let me show you some of my friends in action,
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Sada, dopustite da vam pokažem
neke od mojih prijatelja u akciji,
neke od mojih prijatelja u akciji,
08:43
caught conveniently on film by the Italian police,
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koje je italijanska policija
prigodno uhvatila na filmu,
prigodno uhvatila na filmu,
08:46
and smuggling duty-not-paid cigarettes.
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kako švercuju cigarete koje nisu prošle carinu.
08:49
Now, cigarettes out the factory gate are very cheap.
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Cigarete su na fabričkoj kapiji prilično jeftine.
08:52
The European Union then imposes the highest taxes on them in the world.
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A zatim Evropska unija nameće
najveće poreze na njih u svetu.
najveće poreze na njih u svetu.
08:56
So if you can smuggle them into the E.U.,
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Zato ako možete da ih prošvercujete u EU,
08:59
there are very handsome profits to be made,
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možete poprilično da profitirate
09:02
and I want to show you this to demonstrate
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i želeo sam ovo da vam pokažem
da bih ukazao na
da bih ukazao na
09:04
the type of resources available to these groups.
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vrste resursa dostupnih ovim grupama.
09:07
This boat is worth one million Euros when it's new.
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Ovaj brod vredi milion evra kada je nov.
09:11
And it's the fastest thing on European waters.
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I to je najbrže plovilo u evropskim vodama.
09:15
From 1994, for seven years,
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Od 1994. narednih 7 godina,
09:18
20 of these boats
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20 ovakvih brodova
09:20
made the trip across the Adriatic,
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je putovalo preko Jadrana,
09:23
from Montenegro to Italy, every single night.
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od Crne Gore do Italije svake noći.
09:26
And as a consequence of this trade,
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Kao posledica ove trgovine,
09:28
Britain alone lost eight billion dollars in revenue.
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samo Britanija je izgubila 8 milijardi dolara dobiti.
09:33
And instead that money went to underwrite the wars in Yugoslavia
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A umesto toga taj novac je otišao
za osiguravanje ratova u Jugoslaviji
za osiguravanje ratova u Jugoslaviji
09:37
and line the pockets of unscrupulous individuals.
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i punio džepove beskrupuloznih individua.
09:41
Now Italian police, when this trade started,
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A italijanska policija, kada je ova trgovina započela,
09:44
had just two boats which could go at the same speed.
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je imala samo 2 broda
koja su mogla da razviju istu brzinu.
koja su mogla da razviju istu brzinu.
09:48
And this is very important, because the only way you can catch these guys
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A ovo je veoma važno,
jer jedini način da uhvatite ove likove
jer jedini način da uhvatite ove likove
09:50
is if they run out of gas.
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je ako im ponestane goriva.
09:53
Sometimes the gangsters would bring with them
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Ponekad bi mafijaši poveli sa sobom
09:55
women being trafficked into prostitution,
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žene koje su uvučene u prostituciju
09:58
and if the police intervened, they would hurl
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i ako bi policija intervenisala, oni bi bacili
10:00
the women into the sea
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žene u more,
10:03
so that the police had to go and save them from drowning,
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tako da bi policija pre morala
njih da spašava od davljenja
njih da spašava od davljenja
10:05
rather than chasing the bad guys.
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nego da juri negativce.
10:09
So I have shown you this to demonstrate
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Ovo sam vam prikazao da bih demonstrirao
10:12
how many boats, how many vessels it takes
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koliko brodova, koliko vozila je potrebno
10:14
to catch one of these guys.
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da se uhvati neki od ovih likova.
10:16
And the answer is six vessels.
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Odgovor je 6 vozila.
10:18
And remember, 20 of these speed boats
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Zapamtite, 20 ovih glisera
10:21
were coming across the Adriatic
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je prelazilo Jadran
10:23
every single night.
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svako veče.
10:25
So what were these guys doing with all the money they were making?
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Pa šta su ovi likovi radili sa svim novcem koji su zarađivali?
10:29
Well, this is where we come to globalization,
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Pa, ovde dolazimo do globalizacije,
10:33
because that was not just the deregulation of global trade.
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jer to nije bilo samo kršenje
pravila globalne trgovine.
pravila globalne trgovine.
10:36
It was the liberalization of international financial markets.
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To je bila liberalizacija međunarodnih finansijskih tržišta.
10:39
And boy, did that make it easy
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I čoveče, koliko su samo olakšali
10:42
for the money launderers.
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peračima novca.
10:44
The last two decades have been the champagne era
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Poslednje 2 decenije su bile era procvata
10:47
for dirty lucre.
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za prljavu dobit.
10:49
In the 1990s, we saw financial centers around the world
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Tokom 1990-ih,
videli smo finansijske centre širom sveta
videli smo finansijske centre širom sveta
10:53
competing for their business,
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kako se nadmeću za svoj posao
10:56
and there was simply no effective mechanism
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i prosto nije bilo efikasnog mehanizma
10:58
to prevent money laundering.
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da se spreči pranje novca.
11:00
And a lot of licit banks were also happy
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I mnogo legalnih banaka je takođe bilo zadovoljno
11:03
to accept deposits
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primanjem uplata
11:06
from very dubious sources
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iz sumnjivih izvora
11:08
without questions being asked.
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bez postavljanja pitanja.
11:11
But at the heart of this, is the offshore banking network.
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U samom centru svega je mreža ofšor banaka.
11:15
Now these things
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Ove stvari
11:18
are an essential part of the money laundering parade,
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su suštinski deo paravana pranja novca
11:21
and if you want to do something about illegal tax evasion
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i ako želite da uradite nešto u vezi
sa ilegalnim izbegavanjem poreza
sa ilegalnim izbegavanjem poreza
11:25
and transnational organized crime, money laundering,
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i transnacionalnog organizovanog kriminala,
pranja novca,
pranja novca,
11:29
you have to get rid of them.
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morate da ih se rešite.
11:31
On a positive note, we at last have someone in the White House
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Sa dobre strane, konačno imamo nekoga u Beloj kući
11:34
who has consistently spoken out
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ko je konstantno slobodno govorio
11:37
against these corrosive entities.
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protiv ovih nagrizajućih pojava.
11:40
And if anyone is concerned about what I believe
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I ako je neko zabrinut za ono što ja verujem
11:44
is the necessity for
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da je neophodno za
11:47
new legislation, regulation, effective regulation,
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novo zakonodavstvo, propise, efektivne propise,
11:50
I say, let's take a look at Bernie Madoff,
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ja kažem, pogledajmo Bernija Madofa,
11:54
who is now going to be spending the rest of his life in jail.
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koji će da provede ostatak svog života u zatvoru.
11:58
Bernie Madoff stole 65 billion dollars.
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Berni Madof je ukrao 65 milijardi dolara.
12:04
That puts him up there on the Olympus of gangsters
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To ga stavlja na Olimp mafijaša
12:07
with the Colombian cartels
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sa kolumbijskim kartelima
12:09
and the major Russian crime syndicates,
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i glavnim ruskim kriminalnim sindikatima,
12:12
but he did this for decades
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ali on je to radio decenijama
12:14
in the very heart of Wall Street,
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u samom srcu Volstrita
12:16
and no regulator picked up on it.
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i nijedan ga nije uhvatio.
12:19
So how many other Madoffs are there on Wall Street
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Pa koliko još Madofa ima na Volstritu
12:22
or in the city of London,
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ili u Londonu,
12:24
fleecing ordinary folk
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koji deru običan narod
12:26
and money laundering?
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i peru novac?
12:28
Well I can tell you, it's quite a few of them.
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Mogu vam reći, ima ih poprilično.
12:32
Let me go on to the 101 of international organized crime now.
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Dozvolite mi da vas upoznam sa osnovama
međunarodnog organizovanog kriminala.
međunarodnog organizovanog kriminala.
12:36
And that is narcotics. Our second marijuana farm photograph for the morning.
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A to su narkotici. Naša druga
fotografija farme marihuane od jutros.
fotografija farme marihuane od jutros.
12:40
This one, however, is in central British Columbia
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Ova, međutim, je u centralnoj Britanskoj Kolumbiji
12:43
where I photographed it.
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gde sam je fotografisao.
12:45
It's one of the tens of thousands
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Ona je jedna od desetina hiljada
12:47
of mom-and-pop grow-ops in B.C.
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kućnih operacija uzgajanja u Britanskoj Kolumbiji.
12:50
which ensure that over five percent
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Što osigurava da se više od 5 posto
12:53
of the province's GDP is accounted for by this trade.
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BDP ove provincije dobija ovom trgovinom.
12:57
Now, I was taken by inspector Brian Cantera,
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Inspektor Brajan Kantera me je odveo,
13:02
of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police,
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on je pripadnik kanadske konjičke policije,
13:04
to a cavernous warehouse east of Vancouver
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na ogromno skladište istočno od Vankuvera
13:06
to see some of the goods which are regularly confiscated
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da vidim neke od roba koje ova policija
13:10
by the RCMP
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redovno zaplenjuje,
13:12
from the smugglers who are sending it,
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od švercera koji je šalju,
13:14
of course, down south to the United States
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naravno, južno u Sjedinjene Države
13:17
where there is an insatiable market
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gde je nezasito tržište
13:19
for B.C. Bud, as it's called,
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za Britansku Kolumbiju. Trava, kako je zovu
13:22
in part because it's marketed as organic,
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delom zato što je reklamirana kao organska,
13:24
which of course goes down very well in California.
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što se naravno prodaje veoma dobro u Kaliforniji.
13:28
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
13:30
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
13:31
Now, even by the police's admission,
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Sada, čak i po priznanju policije,
13:34
this makes not a dent in the profits, really,
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ovo ne utiče na profit, zaista,
13:39
of the major exporters.
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glavnih izvoza.
13:41
Since the beginning of globalization,
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Od početka globalizacije,
13:43
the global narcotics market has expanded enormously.
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svetsko tržište narkoticima se neverovatno proširilo.
13:47
There has, however, been no concomitant increase
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Tu, međutim, nije bilo pratećeg povećanja
13:50
in the resources available
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u dostupnim resursima
13:53
to police forces.
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policijskih snaga.
13:55
This, however, may all be about to change,
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Ovo se možda vrlo brzo promeni
14:00
because something very strange is going on.
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jer se nešto veoma čudno dešava.
14:02
The United Nations recognized
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Ujedinjene nacije su prepoznale
14:04
earlier this -- it was last month actually --
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ovo -- prošlog meseca zapravo --
14:07
that Canada has become a key area of distribution and production
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da je Kanada postala
ključna oblast distribucije i proizvodnje
ključna oblast distribucije i proizvodnje
14:13
of ecstasy and other synthetic drugs.
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ekstazija i drugih sintetičkih droga.
14:17
Interestingly, the market share
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Interesantno, udeo u tržištu
14:19
of heroin and cocaine is going down,
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heroina i kokaina se smanjuje,
14:22
because the pills are getting ever better at reproducing their highs.
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jer tablete postaju sve bolje
u dostizanju njihovih efekata.
u dostizanju njihovih efekata.
14:27
Now that is a game changer,
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Sada to menja pravila igre,
14:31
because it shifts production away from the developing world
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jer izmešta proizvodnju iz zemalja u razvoju
14:35
and into the Western world.
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u zapadni svet.
14:39
When that happens, it is a trend
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Kada se to desi, a postaje trend
14:41
which is set to overwhelm our policing capacity in the West.
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koji teži da nadvlada naše
policijske kapacitete na zapadu.
policijske kapacitete na zapadu.
14:45
The drugs policy which we've had in place for 40 years
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Politika o drogama koju smo imali 40 godina
14:49
is long overdue for a very serious rethink,
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je odavno zaostala i treba joj ozbiljno preispitivanje,
14:54
in my opinion.
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po mom mišljenju.
14:56
Now, the recession.
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Sada, recesija.
14:58
Well, organized crime has already adapted
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Pa, organizovani kriminal se adaptirao
15:00
very well to the recession.
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veoma dobro na recesiju.
15:02
Not surprising, the most opportunistic industry
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Nije iznenađujuće jer je to najoportunističnija industrija
15:04
in the whole world.
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na celom svetu.
15:06
And it has no rules to its regulatory system.
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I nema pravila u svom normativnom sistemu.
15:10
Except, of course, it has two business risks:
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Osim, naravno, da ima 2 poslovna rizika:
15:14
arrest by law enforcement,
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hapšenje od strane policijskih snaga,
15:16
which is, frankly, the least of their worries,
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koje je, iskreno, najmanja od njihovih briga
15:18
and competition from other groups,
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i takmičenje sa drugim grupama,
15:21
i.e. a bullet in the back of the head.
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iliti metak u potiljak.
15:23
What they've done is they've shifted their operations.
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Ono što su uradili je promena njihovih operacija.
15:26
People don't smoke as much dope, or visit prostitutes quite so frequently
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Ljudi ne puše toliko trave
ili posećuju prostitutke toliko često
ili posećuju prostitutke toliko često
15:30
during a recession.
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tokom recesije.
15:32
And so instead, they have invaded financial
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Umesto toga, napali su finansijski
15:34
and corporate crime in a big way,
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i korporativni kriminal na veliko,
15:36
but above all, two sectors,
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ali pre svega 2 sektora,
15:38
and that is counterfeit goods
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a to su falsifikovanje robe
15:41
and cybercrime.
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i sajber kriminal.
15:43
And it's been terribly successful.
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I bili su strašno uspešni u tome.
15:45
I would like to introduce you to Mr. Pringle.
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Želeo bih da vas upoznam sa g. Pringlom.
15:48
Or perhaps I should say, more accurately, Señor Pringle.
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Ili da se preciznije izrazim, sa senjor Pringlom.
15:52
I was introduced to this bit of kit by a Brazilian cybercriminal.
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Sa ovim delom kompleta me je upoznao
brazilski sajber kriminalac.
brazilski sajber kriminalac.
15:56
We sat in a car on the Avenue Paulista
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Sedeli smo u autu na aveniji Paulista
15:58
in São Paulo, together.
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u Sao Paolu, zajedno.
16:00
Hooked it up to my laptop,
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Prikačio sam ga na svoj laptop
16:02
and within about five minutes he had penetrated
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i u roku od 5 minuta on je prodro
16:05
the computer security system
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u kompjuterski sigurnosni sistem
16:07
of a major Brazilian bank.
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jedne velike brazilske banke.
16:10
It's really not that difficult.
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To i nije toliko komplikovano.
16:12
And it's actually much easier because
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Zapravo je veoma jednostavnije jer
16:15
the fascinating thing about cybercrime
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ono što je fascinantno kod sajber kriminala
16:17
is that it's not so much the technology.
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je da i nije sve u tehnologiji.
16:21
The key to cybercrime is what we call social engineering.
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Ključ sajber kriminala je u onome
što zovemo socijalni inženjering.
što zovemo socijalni inženjering.
16:25
Or to use the technical term for it,
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Ili da upotrebim tehnički izraz za to,
16:27
there's one born every minute.
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jedan je rođen svakog minuta.
16:30
You would not believe how easy it is
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Ne biste verovali koliko je lako
16:33
to persuade people to do things with their computers
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da ubedite ljude da urade nešto
sa svojim kompjuterima
sa svojim kompjuterima
16:36
which are objectively not in their interest.
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što njima objektivno nije u interesu.
16:39
And it was very soon
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Nije prošlo mnogo
16:41
when the cybercriminals learned that the quickest way to do this,
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dok sajber kriminalci nisu naučili
najlakši način da ovo urade,
najlakši način da ovo urade,
16:43
of course, the quickest way to a person's wallet
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naravno, najbrži način do nečijeg novčanika
16:47
is through the promise of sex and love.
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je kroz obećanje seksa i ljubavi.
16:50
I expect some of you remember the ILOVEYOU virus,
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Verujem da se neko od vas seća ILOVEYOU virusa,
16:53
one of the very great worldwide viruses that came.
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jednog veoma dobrog virusa koji je bio svuda u svetu.
16:57
I was very fortunate when the ILOVEYOU virus came out,
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Imao sam sreće kada je ILOVEYOU virus izašao
17:00
because the first person I received it from
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jer je osoba od koje sam ga primio
17:03
was an ex-girlfriend of mine.
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bila moja bivša devojka.
17:05
Now, she harbored all sorts of sentiments and emotions towards me at the time,
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Ona je gajila svakakva osećanja i emocije
prema meni u to vreme,
prema meni u to vreme,
17:10
but love was not amongst them.
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ali ljubav nije bila među njima.
17:12
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
17:14
And so as soon as I saw this drop into my inbox,
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Tako da čim sam video ovo u mom inboxu
17:18
I dispatched it hastily to the recycle bin
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na brzinu sam ga poslao u korpu za otpatke
17:21
and spared myself a very nasty infection.
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i poštedeo sebe veoma gadne infekcije.
17:26
So, cybercrime, do watch out for it.
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Pa, sajber kriminal, čuvajte se njega.
17:30
One thing that we do know that the Internet is doing
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Jedna stvar za koju znamo da internet radi
17:32
is the Internet is assisting these guys.
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je da pomaže ovim likovima.
17:35
These are mosquitos who carry the malarial parasite
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Postoje komarci koji nose
parazita prenosnika malarije
parazita prenosnika malarije
17:38
which infests our blood when the mosy has had a free meal
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koji inficira našu krv
kada komarac ima besplatan obrok
kada komarac ima besplatan obrok
17:42
at our expense.
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na naš račun.
17:44
Now, Artesunate is a very effective drug
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Sad, artesunat je veoma jak lek
17:47
at destroying the parasite in the early days
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koji uništava parazita u ranim danima
17:50
of infection.
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infekcije.
17:52
But over the past year or so,
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Ali u toku prošle godine,
17:54
researchers in Cambodia have discovered
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pronalazači u Kambodži su otkrili
17:57
that what's happening is
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da je ono što se dešava
18:00
the malarial parasite is developing a resistance.
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to da malarijski parazit postaje otporan.
18:03
And they fear that the reason why it's developing a resistance
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I plaše se da razlog zbog kog on razvija otpornost
18:06
is because Cambodians can't afford the drugs on the commercial market,
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taj što ljudi u Kambodži ne mogu da
priušte lek na komercijalnom tržištu,
priušte lek na komercijalnom tržištu,
18:10
and so they buy it from the Internet.
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pa ga kupuju preko interneta.
18:13
And these pills contain only low doses
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A ove pilule sadrže samo male doze
18:15
of the active ingredient.
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aktivne supstance.
18:17
Which is why
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Zbog toga
18:19
the parasite is beginning to develop a resistance.
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je parazit počeo da stvara otpornost.
18:23
The reason I say this
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Razlog zbog kog ovo govorim
18:25
is because we have to know
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je to što moramo znati
18:27
that organized crime
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da organizovani kriminal
18:29
impacts all sorts of areas of our lives.
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ostavlja posledice na sve oblasti naših života.
18:32
You don't have to sleep with prostitutes
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Ne morate da spavate sa prostitutkama
18:35
or take drugs
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ili uzimate drogu
18:37
in order to have a relationship with organized crime.
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da biste bili povezani sa orgаnizovanim kriminalom.
18:39
They affect our bank accounts.
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On utiče na naš bankovni račun.
18:41
They affect our communications, our pension funds.
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Utiče na naše komunikacije,
naše penzijske fondove.
naše penzijske fondove.
18:43
They even affect the food that we eat
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Čak utiče i na hranu koju jedemo
18:47
and our governments.
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i naše vlade.
18:49
This is no longer an issue
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Ovo više nije pitanje
18:52
of Sicilians from Palermo and New York.
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Sicilijanaca iz Palerma i Njujorka.
18:55
There is no romance involved with gangsters
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Nema romantike između mafijaša
18:58
in the 21st Century.
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u 21. veku.
19:00
This is a mighty industry,
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Ovo je moćna industija
19:03
and it creates instability and violence
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koja stvara nesigurnost i nasilje
19:06
wherever it goes.
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gde god da se pojavi.
19:08
It is a major economic force
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Ona je glavna ekonomska sila
19:10
and we need to take it very, very seriously.
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i moramo da je shvatimo vrlo, vrlo ozbiljno.
19:14
It's been a privilege talking to you.
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Bila je privilegija pričati vam.
19:16
Thank you very much.
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Mnogo vam hvala.
19:18
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Misha Glenny - Underworld investigatorJournalist Misha Glenny leaves no stone unturned (and no failed state unexamined) in his excavation of criminal globalization.
Why you should listen
In minute detail, Misha Glenny's 2008 book McMafia illuminates the byzantine outlines of global organized crime. Whether it's pot smugglers in British Columbia, oil/weapons/people traffickers in Eastern Europe, Japanese yakuza or Nigerian scammers, to research this magisterial work Glenny penetrated the convoluted, globalized and franchised modern underworld -- often at considerable personal risk.
The book that resulted is an exhaustive look at an unseen industry that Glenny believes may account for 15% of the world's GDP.
Legal society ignores this world at its peril, but Glenny suggests that conventional law enforcement might not be able to combat a problem whose roots lie in global instability.
While covering the Central Europe beat for the Guardian and the BBC, Glenny wrote several acclaimed books on the fall of Yugoslavia and the rise of the Balkan nations. He's researching a new book on cybercrime, of which he says: "The key to cybercrime is what we call social engineering. Or to use the technical term for it, there's one born every minute."
Watch TED's exclusive video Q&A with Glenny: "Behind the Scenes of McMafia" >>
Misha Glenny | Speaker | TED.com