ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessica Pryce - Child advocate, social scientist
Jessica Pryce creates strategies to reduce the impact of racial bias in child protective services.

Why you should listen

Jessica Pryce curates child welfare research that focuses on answering legislative questions and informing social policy. She has conducted research at the state and national level while publishing and presenting her work nationally and internationally. Her research has focused on the training and education of the workforce, racial disparity in child welfare decisions, and the disproportionality in our country's foster care system. Pryce is executive director of a research center at Florida State University

After earning her PhD at Howard University and working in New York state for two years, Pryce was appointed in 2016 the new Executive Director of the Florida Institute for Child Welfare, where she mobilizes social scientists devoted to improving the intractable issues that have negatively impacted the lives of vulnerable children and their families. She is currently engaged in a multi-year project focused on illuminating the experiences of black parents as they matriculate through child protective services. That same year, Pryce published an article illuminating strategies for the promotion of racial equity in a community on Long Island, NY.

In 2018, she was selected as a TED Resident. During the residency, she worked to disseminate strategies to child welfare agencies with the goal of their adopting Blind Removals, a racial equity strategy in child protection. Understanding the negative impact of removing children from their parents unnecessarily, Pryce has also written on the lingering, historical trauma of sanctioned family separations in the US.

More profile about the speaker
Jessica Pryce | Speaker | TED.com
TED Residency

Jessica Pryce: To transform child welfare, take race out of the equation

杰西卡·普莱斯: 排除种族因素,建立公平的儿童福利体系

Filmed:
1,264,902 views

在这个让人大开眼界的演讲中,社会工作者杰西卡·普莱斯讲述了种族,人们所住的街区对于寄养儿童决定的影响,所以她分享了一个富有前景的解决方案,从而帮助儿童福利机构对是否将儿童寄养做出一个更加客观公正的评定。“让我们一起努力建立一个让家庭更团结,而非让家庭支离破碎的儿童福利体系吧!” 普莱斯说。
- Child advocate, social scientist
Jessica Pryce creates strategies to reduce the impact of racial bias in child protective services. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I want you to imagine想像 that you are
a Child儿童 Protective保护的 Services服务 worker工人.
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我想请各位把自己想象成
儿童保护协会的工作人员,
00:17
And you have to respond响应
to a report报告 of child儿童 abuse滥用.
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你现在要调查一起虐童案。
00:21
You walk步行 into a home, unannounced暗访,
unexpected意外, certainly当然 uninvited不速之.
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你走进一个家,事先未通知其家人,
让人毫无防备。
00:27
The first thing you see is a mattress床垫
in the middle中间 of the room房间, on the floor地板.
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首先映入眼帘的是,房间正中央
的地板上,放着一张床褥,
00:30
Three kids孩子 lying说谎 on it, asleep睡着.
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上面躺着三个小孩,熟睡着。
00:33
There's a small table nearby附近
with a couple一对 of ashtrays烟灰缸,
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附近是一张小桌子,
放着几个烟灰缸,
00:37
empty beer啤酒 cans.
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空啤酒罐,
00:40
Large rat traps陷阱 are set in the corner,
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角落还安置着几个巨大的捕鼠夹,
00:42
not too far from where
the kids孩子 lie谎言 asleep睡着.
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就在离孩子们睡觉不远处。
00:46
So you make a note注意.
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所以你记下了这一切。
00:49
A part部分 of your job工作 is walking步行
through通过 the entire整个 home.
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你工作的一部分,是走遍整个房子。
00:52
So you start开始 with the kitchen厨房,
where there's very little food餐饮.
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你从厨房开始,
发现食物了了无几,
00:56
You notice注意 another另一个 mattress床垫
in the bedroom卧室, on the floor地板,
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你还注意到卧室地板上的
另一张床褥,
00:59
that the mother母亲 shares分享
with her infant婴儿 child儿童.
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是母亲和她的婴孩睡觉的地方。
01:04
Now, generally通常, at this point,
two things may可能 happen发生.
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这时,一般会有两种情况发生。
01:08
The children孩子 are deemed认为 unsafe不安全
and removed去除 from the home,
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孩子们的生存条件被视为受到威胁,
所以不得不送去寄养所,
01:12
and placed放置 in state custody保管
for a specified规定 period of time.
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在特定的一段时间内,
由州政府代为监护。
01:16
Or the children孩子 remain with their family家庭
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或孩子继续与家人待在一起,
01:19
and the child儿童 welfare福利 system系统
provides提供 help and support支持.
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但会收到儿童福利处的帮助和支持。
01:25
When I was a Child儿童
Protective保护的 Services服务 worker工人,
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我还在儿童保护服务处工作的时候,
01:27
I saw things like this all the time.
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这类事件层出不穷。
情况有时候可能好得多,
有时候差得多。
01:30
Some far better, some far worse更差.
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01:33
I asked you to imagine想像
yourself你自己 in that home,
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我让各位想象自己身临其境,
01:36
because I wonder奇迹 what crossed越过 your mind心神.
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是因为我想知道,
大家当时会想什么。
01:38
What guides导游 your decisions决定?
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是什么引导大家做出决定?
01:40
What's going to impact碰撞
your opinion意见 of that family家庭?
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是什么影响大家对那个家庭的看法?
01:44
What race种族, ethnicity种族,
did you think the family家庭 was?
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各位觉得这家人属于什么种族,
民族?
01:49
I want you to realize实现
that if those children孩子 were white白色,
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我想让大家知道,
如果那些孩子是白人的话,
01:53
it is more likely容易 that their family家庭
stays入住 together一起 after that visit访问.
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在那次家访后,
他们与家人待在一起的几率会更高。
01:58
Research研究 doneDONE at
the University大学 of Pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚
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根据宾夕法尼亚大学的
一项研究调查,
02:00
found发现 that white白色 families家庭, on average平均,
have access访问 to more help and more support支持
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白人家庭总体而言,会从儿童福利体系中
得到帮助和支持更多。
02:05
from the child儿童 welfare福利 system系统.
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02:07
And their cases are less likely容易
to go through通过 a full充分 investigation调查.
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而且他们的案件也不太需要
经过全方位调查。
02:14
But on the other hand,
if those kids孩子 are black黑色,
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但另一方面,如果那些孩子是黑人,
02:17
they are four times
more likely容易 to be removed去除,
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他们送去寄养所的几率是
白人孩子的四倍之高,
而这些孩子待在寄养所的时间
也更长,
02:20
they spend longer periods
of time in foster培育 care关心,
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02:24
and it's harder更难 to find them
a stable稳定 foster培育 placement放置.
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也更难找到一个稳定的寄养的地方。
02:29
Foster培育 care关心 is meant意味着 to be
an immediate即时 shelter庇护 of protection保护
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寄养服务本来是为严重受到威胁的
02:32
for kids孩子 who are at high risk风险.
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孩子们提供紧急住所。
02:33
But it's also a confusing扑朔迷离
and traumatic创伤 exit出口 from the family家庭.
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但就这样将孩子从父母身边带走,
不仅令人困惑,还会造成巨大痛苦。
02:39
Research研究 doneDONE at
the University大学 of Minnesota明尼苏达
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根据明尼苏达大学的一项调查显示,
02:41
found发现 that kids孩子
who went through通过 foster培育 care关心
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曾有过寄养经历的孩子,
02:43
had more behavioral行为的 problems问题
and internalized内在 issues问题
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比那些继续和父母亲待在一起,
接受后续帮助和支持的孩子们,
02:46
than kids孩子 who remain with their families家庭
while receiving接收 help and support支持.
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更容易有行为问题和性格问题。
02:52
The scenario脚本 I mentioned提到 earlier
is not uncommon罕见.
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我先前提到的情境屡见不鲜。
02:55
A single mother母亲,
living活的 in low-income低收入 housing住房
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一个单身母亲,和她的四个孩子,
生活在一个低收入人群的房子里,
02:57
with her four children孩子.
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鼠患让食物尚且难以保存,
02:59
And the rats大鼠 make it
almost几乎 impossible不可能 to keep food餐饮,
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03:02
let alone单独 fresh新鲜 food餐饮 in the home.
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更不用说要在家里找到新鲜的食物了。
03:05
Does that mother母亲 deserve值得
to have her children孩子 taken采取 from her?
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但难道仅凭这一点,
母亲就该跟她的孩子骨肉分离吗?
03:10
Emma艾玛 KetteringhamKetteringham,
a family家庭 court法庭 attorney律师,
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Emma Ketteringham
是一名家庭事务律师,
03:13
says that if you live生活
in a poor较差的 neighborhood邻里,
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她说如果你住在一个贫穷的街区,
03:16
then you better be a perfect完善 parent.
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那么你最好成为一个完美的父母亲,
03:19
She says that we place地点 unfair不公平,
often经常 unreachable无法访问 standards标准
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她说,我们的社会对于那些
低收入的父母而言,
有着一系列不公平且
难以达到的抚养孩子的标准。
03:22
on parents父母 who are raising提高 their kids孩子
with very little money.
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03:26
And their neighborhood邻里 and ethnicity种族
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而他们的所住的街区和所属的民族,
03:28
impact碰撞 whether是否 or not
their kids孩子 are removed去除.
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直接影响到他们的孩子是否
会被送去寄养所。
03:33
In the two years年份 I spent花费
on the front面前 lines线 of child儿童 welfare福利,
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我在儿童福利的前线上工作了两年,
03:36
I made制作 high-stakes高风险 decisions决定.
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我做的决定都是高风险的。
03:38
And I saw firsthand第一手
how my personal个人 values impacted影响 my work.
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我切身体会过我的个人价值观
是如何影响我工作的。
03:42
Now, as social社会 work faculty学院
at Florida佛罗里达 State University大学,
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现在,作为弗洛里达州大学里
社会工作系的一名教师,
03:47
I lead an institute研究所
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我领导的学院,
03:48
that curates高雅 the most innovative创新
and effective有效 child儿童 welfare福利 research研究.
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进行的是最创新最有成效的
儿童福利研究。
03:52
And research研究 tells告诉 us that there are
twice两次 as many许多 black黑色 kids孩子 in foster培育 care关心,
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研究结果显示,寄养所里的黑人儿童
是其它种族儿童的两倍,
03:57
twenty-eight28 percent百分,
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有28%这么多。
03:59
than there are in the general一般
population人口, 14 percent百分.
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而其它种族的儿童也就才14%。
04:03
And although虽然 there are
several一些 reasons原因 why,
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虽然其中有着许多原因,
04:05
I want to discuss讨论 one reason原因 today今天:
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但我今天只想谈论一个理由:
04:08
implicit含蓄 bias偏压.
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隐性偏见。
04:10
Let's start开始 with "implicit含蓄."
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让我们从“隐性”开始说起,
04:12
It's subconscious潜意识,
something you're not aware知道的 of.
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它是潜意识的,你察觉不到的。
04:16
Bias偏压 -- those stereotypes定型 and attitudes态度
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而偏见 -- 就是对于特定人群的
04:19
that we all have
about certain某些 groups of people.
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刻板印象和态度,这是我们都有的。
04:22
So, implicit含蓄 bias偏压 is what lurks潜伏着
in the background背景
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所以,隐性偏见指的就是潜藏在
04:25
of every一切 decision决定 that we make.
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我们做出的每一个决定的背景因素。
04:28
So how can we fix固定 it?
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那我们该如何解决这个问题呢?
04:30
I have a promising有希望 solution
that I want to share分享.
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我有一个很有前景的解决方案,
想和大家分享。
04:34
Now, in almost几乎 every一切 state,
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现在,几乎每一个州,
04:36
there are high numbers数字 of black黑色 kids孩子
going into foster培育 care关心.
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都有着不胜其数的黑人儿童
被送进了寄养所。
04:40
But data数据 revealed透露 that Nassau拿骚 County,
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但数据显示,拿骚县,
04:43
a community社区 in New York纽约,
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纽约的一个县城,
04:45
had managed管理 to decrease减少
the number of black黑色 kids孩子 being存在 removed去除.
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已经成功减少了许多将黑人儿童
送去寄养所的案例了。
04:48
And in 2016, I went
into that community社区 with my team球队
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2016年,我和我的团队走进拿骚县,
04:54
and led a research研究 study研究,
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领导一项调查研究,
04:55
discovering发现 the use
of blind removal切除 meetings会议.
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看看隐去孩童个人信息后
再进行寄养汇报的成效如何。
04:59
This is how it works作品.
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这个汇报是这样进行的:
05:02
A case案件 worker工人 responds响应
to a report报告 of child儿童 abuse滥用.
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社会工作者受命调查一起虐童案件,
05:05
They go out to the home,
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他们前往受访家庭,
05:06
but before the children孩子 are removed去除,
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但是在决定让孩子搬去寄养所前,
05:08
the case案件 worker工人
must必须 come back to the office办公室
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这名社会工作者必须先回到办公室,
05:11
and present当下 what they found发现.
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汇报他们的调查结果。
05:13
But here's这里的 the distinction分别:
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但与以往不同的是,
05:14
When they present当下 to the committee委员会,
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当工作人员向组委会汇报结果时,
05:16
they delete删除 names, ethnicity种族,
neighborhood邻里, race种族,
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他们隐去了受访家庭的姓名,
民族,所住街区,种族,
05:20
all identifiable识别 information信息.
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以及所有能透露身份的信息。
05:23
They focus焦点 on what happened发生,
family家庭 strength强度, relevant相应 history历史
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他们把重点放在事件的经历,
家庭的优势,相关的历史,
05:29
and the parents'父母' ability能力
to protect保护 the child儿童.
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和父母保护孩子的能力上。
05:32
With that information信息,
the committee委员会 makes品牌 a recommendation建议,
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在听完汇报后,
组委会将提出一项建议,
05:36
never knowing会心 the race种族 of the family家庭.
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他们至始至终不会知道
受访家庭的种族。
05:40
Blind removals清除 have made制作
a drastic激烈 impact碰撞 in that community社区.
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这项举措对拿骚县造成了
巨大的影响。
05:44
In 2011, 57 percent百分 of the kids孩子
going into foster培育 care关心 were black黑色.
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2011年的时候,有57%被送进
寄养所的都是黑人儿童,
05:49
But after five years年份 of blind removals清除,
that is down to 21 percent百分.
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但在隐去孩童的个人信息后,
这个数据降到了21%。
05:54
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
06:01
Here's这里的 what we learned学到了
from talking to some of the case案件 workers工人.
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通过与社会工作者的对话,
我们了解到,
06:04
"When a family家庭 has a history历史
with the department,
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“一个家庭如果曾经
在社会工作部门留下不良记录后,
06:07
many许多 of us hold保持 that history历史 against反对 them,
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我们大部分社会工作者
就会以此否定这个家庭做出的努力,
06:10
even if they're trying
to do things differently不同."
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即便他们已经在尽力改变了。”
06:13
"When I see a case案件 from a certain某些
apartment公寓 building建造,
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“当我只要看到这个案件发生在
某个特定的公寓,
06:16
neighborhood邻里 or zip压缩 code,
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街区,或邮编,
06:18
I just automatically自动 think the worst最差."
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我就会不由自主往最坏的方面想。”
06:22
"Child儿童 welfare福利 is very subjective主观,
because it's an emotional情绪化 field领域.
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“儿童福利是一项非常主观的工作,
因为这个领域牵动着我们的情绪,
06:26
There's no one who doesn't have
emotions情绪 around this work.
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从事这项工作的人,
没有一个是可以没有任何情绪的。
06:29
And it's very hard to leave离开
all of your stuff东东 at the door
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在你执行工作之前,
也很难让你将所有的情绪留在门外。
06:32
when you do this work.
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06:33
So let's take the subjectivity主观性
of race种族 and neighborhood邻里 out of it,
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所以,让我们将种族和社区这些
主观因素排除在外,
06:38
and you might威力 get different不同 outcomes结果."
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你所得出的结果也许会有所不同。
06:42
Blind removals清除 seem似乎 to be
bringing使 us closer接近
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隐去孩童的个人信息,似乎将我们
更紧密的联系在一起,
06:45
to solving the problem问题 of implicit含蓄 bias偏压
in foster-care寄养 decisions决定.
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去解决这个影响着寄养决定的
隐性偏见的问题,
06:50
My next下一个 step is figuring盘算 out
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下一步,我要找出办法,
06:52
how to use artificial人造 intelligence情报
and machine learning学习
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使用人工智能和机器学习
06:55
to bring带来 this project项目 to scale规模
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2008
让这个方法更加容易
06:57
and make it more accessible无障碍
to other states状态.
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大规模的运用到别的州上。
07:00
I know we can transform转变 child儿童 welfare福利.
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我知道,我们是有能力变革
儿童福利体系的。
07:03
We can hold保持 organizations组织 accountable问责
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我们要让相关的机构负起责任,
对他们的社会工作人员
进行社会意识培训。
07:05
to developing发展 the social社会 consciousness意识
of their employees雇员.
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07:09
We can hold保持 ourselves我们自己 accountable问责
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我们应该让自己承担起相应的责任,
07:11
to making制造 sure our decisions决定
are driven驱动 by ethics伦理 and safety安全.
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确保我们每个决定
都符合道德规范,为安全着想。
07:15
Let's imagine想像 a child儿童 welfare福利 system系统
that focuses重点 on partnering伙伴关系 with parents父母,
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让我们想象一下这样一个美好的
儿童福利体系:致力于与父母合作,
07:21
empowering授权 families家庭,
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给家庭赋权,
07:22
and no longer see poverty贫穷 as failure失败.
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不再视贫穷为失败。
07:26
Let's work together一起 to build建立 a system系统
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让我们一起建立一个
07:29
that wants to make families家庭 stronger
instead代替 of pulling them apart距离.
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让家庭更加团结,而不是让其
支离破碎的儿童福利体系吧!
谢谢。
07:34
Thank you.
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07:35
(Applause掌声) (Cheering打气)
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(掌声)(欢呼)
Translated by Ziyun Liao
Reviewed by Tiannuo Yun

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jessica Pryce - Child advocate, social scientist
Jessica Pryce creates strategies to reduce the impact of racial bias in child protective services.

Why you should listen

Jessica Pryce curates child welfare research that focuses on answering legislative questions and informing social policy. She has conducted research at the state and national level while publishing and presenting her work nationally and internationally. Her research has focused on the training and education of the workforce, racial disparity in child welfare decisions, and the disproportionality in our country's foster care system. Pryce is executive director of a research center at Florida State University

After earning her PhD at Howard University and working in New York state for two years, Pryce was appointed in 2016 the new Executive Director of the Florida Institute for Child Welfare, where she mobilizes social scientists devoted to improving the intractable issues that have negatively impacted the lives of vulnerable children and their families. She is currently engaged in a multi-year project focused on illuminating the experiences of black parents as they matriculate through child protective services. That same year, Pryce published an article illuminating strategies for the promotion of racial equity in a community on Long Island, NY.

In 2018, she was selected as a TED Resident. During the residency, she worked to disseminate strategies to child welfare agencies with the goal of their adopting Blind Removals, a racial equity strategy in child protection. Understanding the negative impact of removing children from their parents unnecessarily, Pryce has also written on the lingering, historical trauma of sanctioned family separations in the US.

More profile about the speaker
Jessica Pryce | Speaker | TED.com