ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Farida Nabourema - Activist, writer
Farida Nabourema is a key voice in Togo’s pro-democracy movement.

Why you should listen

A political activist and writer, Farida Nabourema has been a fearless advocate for democracy and human rights in Togo since she was a teenager. Through more than 400 articles on her blog and other sites, she denounces corruption and dictatorship and promotes a form of progressive pan-Africanism. In 2014, she published La Pression de l'Oppression (The Pressure of Oppression), in which she discussed the different forms of oppression that people face throughout Africa and highlighted the need for oppressed people to fight back.

Nabourema is also the engagement and collaboration coordinator of Africans Rising, a pan-African movement that fights for justice, peace and dignity through grassroots organizing, civic education and advocacy. She cofounded and is the executive director of the Togolese Civil League, an NGO that promotes democracy through civil resistance. In 2001, at age 20, Nabourema founded the "Faure Must Go" movement, where she supported and organized with Togolese youths to stand against the dictatorial regime of Faure Gnassingbé. "Faure Must Go" has become the slogan for the civil resistance movement in Togo, of which Nabourema is one of the most well-known leaders. 

Nabourema was awarded the "Young Advocate of the Year" and the "Female African Youth of the Year" in 2018 by Africa Youth Award for her contribution to raising awareness on the oldest military regime in Africa.

More profile about the speaker
Farida Nabourema | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2018

Farida Nabourema: Is your country at risk of becoming a dictatorship? Here's how to know

法里达·纳博雷马: 如何辨别贵国是否存在专政风险

Filmed:
1,694,962 views

法里达·纳博雷马一生致力于和非洲最古老的独裁政权——多哥的军事政权作斗争。一路抗争,她悟出了两个道理:一是没有哪一个国家注定要受到压迫;二是没有国家能免受独裁主义的困扰。但是我们如何能在悲剧发生之前有效识别风险呢?在一次激动人心的演讲中,纳博雷马分享了独裁主义的四个先兆以及在专制制度中反抗的秘诀。
- Activist, writer
Farida Nabourema is a key voice in Togo’s pro-democracy movement. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
A few少数 weeks ago,
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几周之前,
有人在美国中期选举期间发推特,
00:14
somebody tweeted啾啾 during the midterm期中考试
elections选举 in the United联合的 States状态
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呼吁将选举日定为官方假日。
00:19
that Election选举 Day
should be made制作 a holiday假日.
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我回复了他,
00:22
And I retweeted转推, saying,
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“欢迎你来我国投票。
00:24
"Well, you're welcome欢迎 to come
to my country国家 and vote投票.
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你会有一周的假期,
以方便军方统计票数。“
00:26
You'll你会 get the whole整个 week off
to allow允许 the military军事 to count计数 it."
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00:30
I come from Togo多哥, by the way.
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顺便说一下,我来自多哥。
多哥是一个美丽的国家,
位于西非。
00:32
It is a beautiful美丽 country国家
located位于 in West西 Africa非洲.
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我的国家有一些很酷很有趣的事实。
00:35
There are some cool,
interesting有趣 facts事实 about my country国家.
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00:39
Togo多哥 has been ruled统治
by the same相同 family家庭 for 51 years年份,
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多哥曾被同一个家族统治长达51年之久,
使其成为欧洲最古老的独裁政权。
00:42
making制造 us the oldest最老的 autocracy专制 in Africa非洲.
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这是其中一个纪录。
00:46
That's a record记录.
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还有一个很酷的纪录:
00:47
We have a second-coolest第二酷 record记录:
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我们曾三度被评选为
世界上幸福感最低的国家。
00:48
we have been ranked排名 three times
as the unhappiest最不快乐 country国家 on earth地球.
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你们都参与了投票。
00:53
You are all invited邀请.
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(笑声)
00:54
(Laughter笑声)
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你们要知道,
00:56
So just to let you know,
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生活在独裁政权之下可不酷。
00:57
it's not very cool
to live生活 under an autocracy专制.
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但有趣的是,在我推动活动过程中,
01:01
But the interesting有趣 thing is that I have
met会见, throughout始终 the course课程 of my activism行动,
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我遇到过来自不同国家的各色人等,
01:05
so many许多 people from different不同 countries国家,
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每当我谈到多哥时,
他们的反应都是:
01:07
and when I tell them about Togo多哥,
their reaction反应 is always,
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"你们怎么能容忍
01:10
"How can you guys allow允许 the same相同 people
to terrorize威慑 you for 51 years年份?
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同一个家族统治你们长达51年?"
他们会调侃说,你们多哥人一定有耐心。
01:14
You know, like, you Togolese多哥,
you must必须 be very patient患者."
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这是他们说“愚蠢”的外交辞令。
01:16
That's their diplomatic外交 way
of saying "stupid."
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(笑声)
01:19
(Laughter笑声)
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当你生活在一个自由的国度,
01:21
And when you live生活 in a free自由 country国家,
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人们趋于认为那些受压迫的人
01:24
there's this tendency趋势 of assuming假设
that those who are oppressed压迫
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能够容忍迫害并淡然处之,
01:27
tolerate容忍 their oppression压迫
or are comfortable自在 with it,
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并且他们觉得
民主是一种先进的治理方式
01:31
and democracy民主 is projected预计
as a progressive进步 form形成 of governance治理
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以至于他们认为专政国家的人
01:35
in such这样 a way that those people
who don't live生活 under democratic民主的 countries国家
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在智力上或道德上
01:39
are seen看到 as people who are not
intellectually知性上 or maybe morally道德
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比不上民主国家的公民。
01:44
as advanced高级 as others其他.
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01:46
But it's not the case案件.
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但实际上不是这样的。
人们有这种刻板印象的原因,
01:47
The reason原因 why people have that perception知觉
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与独裁统治的相关报道密切相关。
01:49
has to do with the way stories故事
are covered覆盖 about dictatorships独裁.
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在我推动政治活动的过程中,
01:53
In the course课程 of my activism行动,
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我需要接受许多外媒的采访,
01:55
I have had to interview访问
with so many许多 news新闻 outlets网点 out there,
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采访的开端往往是:
“ 你是怎么开始的?
01:59
and usually平时 it would always start开始 with,
"What got you started开始?
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是什么启发了你?“
02:02
What inspired启发 you?"
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我的回答往往是:
02:04
And I reply回复, "I wasn't inspired启发.
I was triggered触发."
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”我没有受到启发,我是被触发的。“
02:08
And it goes on.
"Well, what triggered触发 you?"
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接着会问:“是什么触发了你?”
我会说13岁那年
父亲被逮捕和折磨的故事,
02:11
And I go on about how my father父亲
was arrested被捕 when I was 13, and tortured折磨,
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我现在不想回忆那些历史的细节,
02:16
all the history历史 ... I don't want
to get into details细节 now,
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因为你们听了会昏昏欲睡的。
02:19
because you'll你会 start开始 sleeping睡眠.
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谈话的最后,
采访者最感兴趣的话题是
02:20
But the thing is, at the end结束 of the day,
what interests利益 them the most is:
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我的父亲是如何被折磨的。
02:24
How was he tortured折磨?
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他被折磨了多久,
有多少人被折磨致死。
02:25
For how many许多 days? How many许多 people died死亡?
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他们对虐待和杀戮最感兴趣,
02:27
They are interested有兴趣
in the abuse滥用, in the killing谋杀,
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因为他们觉得这些内容
能博人眼球,引人同情。
02:32
because they believe that
will gain获得 attention注意 and sympathy同情.
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但实际上,这正中独裁者下怀
02:36
But in reality现实, it serves供应
the purpose目的 of the dictator独裁者.
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外媒帮他们宣传了他们的暴政。
02:39
It helps帮助 them advertise广告 their cruelty残酷.
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02:43
In 2011, I cofounded共同创立 a movement运动
I call "Faure福雷 Must必须 Go,"
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2011年,我发起了一个名为
“富尔下台”的运动,
富尔是我们总统的名字。
02:47
because Faure福雷 is
the first name名称 of our president主席.
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顺便提一下,
多哥的官方语言是法语,
02:50
Togo多哥 is a French-speaking法语区
country国家, by the way,
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但我选择说英语,因为我对法国也有矛盾。
02:52
but I chose选择 English英语 because
I had my issues问题 with France法国 as well.
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但之后——
02:56
But then --
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(笑声)
02:57
(Laughter笑声)
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但之后,当我开始
“富尔下台”的运动后,
03:00
But then, when I started开始 Faure福雷 Must必须 Go,
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我录了一段视频,上了镜头,
03:03
I made制作 a video视频, and I came来了 on camera相机,
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我说,“富尔·格纳辛布,
你60天内必须下台,
03:05
and I said, "Well, Faure福雷 Gnassingb纳辛布é,
I give you 60 days to resign辞职 as president主席,
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否则,
03:09
because if you don't,
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多哥的年轻人将会起义,
把你拉下马,
03:10
we the youth青年 in Togo多哥 will organize组织
and we will bring带来 you down,
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因为你为了在你父亲死后夺得政权,
03:13
because you have killed杀害
over 500 of our countrymen同胞
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你已经杀了500个人。
03:16
to seize抢占 power功率 when your father父亲 died死亡.
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我们没有选你。
03:18
We have not chosen选择 you.
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你是个骗子,我们会推翻你的。”
03:20
You are an imposter冒名顶替者,
and we will remove去掉 you."
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我是运动中唯一一个露脸的人。
03:22
But I was the only known已知 face面对
of the movement运动.
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为什么呢?
因为我就是那个愚蠢的人。
03:24
Why? Because I was the only stupid one.
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(笑声)
03:27
(Laughter笑声)
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03:29
And the backlashes反弹 followed其次.
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接下来是一连串的反击。
我家人陆续受到了威胁。
03:31
My family家庭 started开始 receiving接收 threats威胁.
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我的兄弟姐妹有天早上给我打电话。
03:33
My siblings兄弟姐妹 called me one morning早上.
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他们说,“你知道吗?
03:36
They said, "You know what?
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当他们来杀你时,我们不想给你陪葬,
03:37
When they come here to kill you,
we don't want to die with you,
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所以搬出去吧。“
03:40
so move移动 out."
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所以我搬了出去,
03:41
So yes, I moved移动 out.
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我感到很生气,
03:43
And I'm so angry愤怒 at them,
so I haven't没有 talked to them in five years年份.
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甚至在五年里都没有和他们说过话。
不管怎样,还是得前进…
03:47
Anyway无论如何, moving移动 forward前锋 ...
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过去九年间,我和很多国家合作
03:50
For the past过去 nine years年份,
I have been working加工 with countries国家
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以唤醒多哥人民的觉醒,
03:56
to raise提高 awareness意识 of Togo多哥,
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帮助他们克服恐惧,
03:58
to help the people of Togo多哥
overcome克服 their fear恐惧
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这样,他们就有勇气来喊想要变的声音。
04:00
so they, too, can come and say
they want change更改.
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04:04
I have received收到 a lot of persecution迫害
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我受到很多迫害
无法透露的迫害,
04:07
that I cannot不能 disclose透露,
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我也受到很多的威胁和虐待,
04:09
a lot of threats威胁, a lot of abuse滥用,
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精神上的。
04:11
psychologically心理.
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但是我不想谈论这些,
04:13
But I don't like talking about them,
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因为我作为积极分子
的要务是去动员,
04:14
because I know that my job工作
as an activist活动家 is to mobilize动员,
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去组织,
04:18
is to organize组织,
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和帮助每一个多哥人民了解到
04:20
is to help every一切 single Togolese多哥 citizen公民
understand理解 that, as citizens公民,
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作为公民,我们掌握着权力,
04:25
we hold保持 the power功率,
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我们才是国家的主人,
我们才是国家的主宰。
04:26
we are the boss老板 and we decide决定.
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那些独裁者用来恐吓民众的惩罚
04:28
And the punishment惩罚 that the dictators独裁者
are using运用 to intimidate威吓 them
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不能阻止我们的步伐。
04:33
must必须 not prevent避免 us
from getting得到 what we want.
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04:37
That is why I said it is very important重要
to cover the stories故事 of activists活动家
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所以我觉得
报道社会积极分子的故事很重要,
因为这可以鼓动民众,
04:43
in the way that it helps帮助 mobilize动员 people,
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而不是阻止他们
04:45
not in the way that it helps帮助
deter阻止 their action行动
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甚至迫使他们屈服于残暴的政权。
04:48
and force even more their subjugation征服
to the oppressive压抑 system系统.
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04:54
During these years年份
that I've been an activist活动家,
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在我成为积极分子的这些年,
有好几次我都心生退意。
04:57
there are days that I felt like quitting戒烟
because I couldn't不能 take it.
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那么是什么促使我坚持呢?
05:00
Well then, what kept不停 me going?
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其中之一是:
05:01
The one thing that kept不停 me going:
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我铭记着我祖父的故事,
05:03
I remember记得 the story故事 of my grandfather祖父,
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他是如何从他的村庄走465英里到城里,
05:05
and how he used to walk步行
465 miles英里 from his village to the city,
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只是为了独立抗争。
05:11
just to protest抗议 for independence独立.
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我还牢记着我父亲的牺牲,
05:13
Then I remember记得
the sacrifice牺牲 of my father父亲,
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因为他敢于反抗政权,
05:15
who was tortured折磨 so many许多 times
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而被折磨过无数次。
05:17
for daring大胆 to protest抗议 against反对 the regime政权.
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上世纪70年代,他们可以写小册子
05:21
Back in the '70s,
they would write pamphlets小册子
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来提高民众对于独裁的认知,
05:24
to raise提高 awareness意识 on the dictatorship专政,
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因为他们没钱印刷,
05:27
and because they couldn't不能
afford给予 to make copies副本,
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他们每个人把小册子抄了500遍,
05:29
they would reproduce复制
the same相同 pamphlet小册子 500 times each
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然后分发出去。
05:33
and distribute分发 them.
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随后,军队知道了他们的笔迹,
05:34
It got to a point where the military军事
knew知道 their handwriting手写,
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所以只要军方发现,他们就会去抓。
05:37
so as soon不久 as they stumbled迷迷糊糊 upon one,
they'd他们会 go and get them.
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但是如今我们可以使用博客宣传。
05:40
But I look at that and I'm like,
you know, today今天 you have a blog博客.
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你不用把同一份材料复印500份。
05:44
I don't have to copy复制
the same相同 thing 500 times.
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我发博客后,会有成千上万的人阅读。
05:48
I blog博客 and thousands数千 of people read it.
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在多哥,人们称我为社交女孩,
05:50
By the way, in Togo多哥, they like
calling调用 me the WhatsAppWhatsApp的 girl女孩,
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因为我总是在社交软件上攻击政府。
05:53
because I am always on WhatsAppWhatsApp的
attacking进攻 the government政府.
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(笑声)
05:56
(Laughter笑声)
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所以事情变得更容易了。
05:57
So it's much easier更轻松.
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当我为政府的所作所为感到愤怒时,
05:58
When I'm angry愤怒 at the government政府,
I just make an angry愤怒 note注意,
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我就写一篇愤怒的博客。
然后发出去被千万人传阅。
06:02
and I send发送 it out
and thousands数千 of people share分享 it.
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顺便说一下,我很少这么沉稳。
06:05
I'm rarely很少 this composed.
I'm always angry愤怒, by the way.
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大多数时候我都很生气。
(笑声)
06:08
(Laughter笑声)
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(掌声)
06:11
(Applause掌声)
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06:20
So I was talking about the necessity必要性
to showcase橱窗 our stories故事,
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以上我都在谈论
讲述我们故事的必要性,
因为每当我想起
那些牺牲者的血与泪,
06:24
because when I think about
the sacrifices牺牲 that were made制作 for us,
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我都会为之奋进。
06:28
it helped帮助 me keep going.
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我们组织第一次活动
06:29
One of the very first actions行动
of our Faure福雷 Must必须 Go movement运动
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是发动市民在请愿书上签字,
06:32
was to come up with a petition请愿,
asking citizens公民 to sign标志
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这样我们就可以在
宪法允许的范围内重新选举。
06:35
so that we can demand需求 new elections选举,
as the constitution宪法 allows允许.
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人们都很害怕签名,
06:40
People were scared害怕 to put their names
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因为他们不想惹麻烦。
06:41
because, they said,
they don't want to get in trouble麻烦.
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即使是移民散居的人群,
也很害怕签字。
06:44
Even in the diaspora散居, people were scared害怕.
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他们会说,我们还有家人。
06:46
They were like, "We have family家庭 at home."
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但是有一位60多岁的老妇人。
06:48
But there was this woman女人
who was in her 60s.
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她听说这件事之后,
毫不犹豫地签字了,
06:50
When she heard听说 about it,
she took the petition请愿,
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然后她回到家,
06:54
and she went home,
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自发收集了1000多个签名。
06:56
and by herself她自己 she collected
over 1,000 [signatures签名].
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这深深地触动了我,
07:00
That inspired启发 me so much, and I was like,
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如果一个难以从政权中
得到什么利益的60岁的人
07:02
if a 60-year-old-岁 that has
nothing more to gain获得 in this regime政权
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都可以为我们做这些,
07:07
can do this for us, the young年轻 ones那些,
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那年轻人凭什么退出呢?
07:09
then why should I quit放弃?
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是这些反抗、抗争的故事,
07:10
It is the stories故事 of resistance抵抗性,
the stories故事 of defiance蔑视,
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这些不屈的故事,
07:14
the stories故事 of resilience弹性,
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激励着人们,
07:16
that inspire启发 people to get involved参与,
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而不是那些虐杀、伤害的故事,
07:18
not the stories故事 of abuse滥用
and killings杀人 and hurt伤害,
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因为恐惧是人类的自然反应。
07:22
because as humans人类, it's only natural自然
for us to be scared害怕.
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07:26
I would like to share分享 with you
a few少数 characteristics特点 of dictatorships独裁
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我想和你们分享一下
独裁者的一些特质,
以供你们国家参考,
07:29
so that you can assess评估 your own拥有 country国家
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并且判断一下
你们是否面临着独裁的风险。
07:32
and see if you are also
at risk风险 of joining加盟 us.
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(笑声和欢呼声)
07:35
(Laughter笑声 and cheers干杯)
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(掌声)
07:37
(Applause掌声)
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07:43
Number one thing to look at:
concentration浓度 of power功率.
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第一个特征是中央集权。
你们国家的权力是集中在少数人
07:45
Is the power功率 in your country国家 concentrated集中
in the hands of a few少数, an elite原种?
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甚至是一个精英的手中吗?
这个精英可能是
政治精英或者思想精英。
07:49
It can be a political政治 elite原种,
ideological思想 elite原种.
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你们会有一个铁腕人物,
07:51
And you have a strongman铁腕人物,
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因为在我们国家总会有一个叫“救世主”的人,
07:53
because we always have one guy
who is presented呈现 as the messiah弥赛亚
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号称可以救我们脱离苦海。
07:57
who will save保存 us from the world世界.
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第二个特征是宣传。
07:59
The second第二 point is propaganda宣传.
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独裁者靠宣传为生。
08:01
Dictators独裁者 feed饲料 on propaganda宣传.
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他们喜欢以救世主的身份示人,
08:03
They like giving the impression印象
that they are the saviors救星,
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就好像离开他们之后,
国家就会分崩离析。
08:06
and without them,
the country国家 will fall秋季 apart距离.
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并且他们总和国外势力作斗争,
08:08
And they are always fighting战斗
some foreign国外 forces军队, you know?
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基督教,犹太教,还有穆斯林,
08:11
The Christians基督徒, the Jewish犹太, the Muslims穆斯林,
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巫毒教祭司都会来找你麻烦了。
08:13
the voodoo巫毒教 priests牧师 are coming未来 for you.
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还有如果共产主义者来了,
我们就会灭亡了。
08:16
The Communists共产党人, when they get here,
we'll all be broke打破.
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诸如此类。
08:18
These kinds of things.
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尤其是我们的总统,他和海盗斗争。
08:20
And our president主席, in particular特定,
he fights打架 pirates海盗.
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08:23
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
我是认真的。
08:24
I am very serious严重.
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去年,他买了一艘价值
1300百万美金的船去抗击海盗。
08:26
Last year, he bought a boat that's
13 million百万 dollars美元 to fight斗争 pirates海盗,
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而我们国家60%的人民
还饱受饥饿之苦。
08:29
and 60 percent百分 of our people are starving挨饿.
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所以他们不让我们接触国外势力。
08:32
So they are always protecting保护 us
from some foreign国外 forces军队.
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第三个特征是军事化。
08:35
And this leads引线 to point three:
militarization军国主义化.
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独裁者善于煽动恐慌,
08:37
Dictators独裁者 survive生存 by instigating指使 fear恐惧,
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他们用武力镇压反对党,
08:40
and they use the military军事
to suppress压制 dissident持不同政见 voices声音,
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虽然他们想要表现得
08:43
even though虽然 they try
to give the impression印象
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好像军事力量是在保卫祖国。
08:45
that the military军事
is to protect保护 the nation国家.
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他们镇压并且破坏一些组织,
08:47
And they suppress压制 institutions机构
and destroy破坏 them
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这样他们就不用承担责任了。
08:50
so that they don't have to be
held保持 accountable问责.
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所以你的国家高度军事化吗?
08:53
So do you have a heavily严重
militarized军事化 country国家?
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第四个特征是虐待人类。
08:55
And this leads引线 to point four,
what I call human人的 cruelty残酷.
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当我们谈及动物时,
08:59
You know when we talk about animals动物,
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当动物受到虐待时,
我们称之为虐畜罪,
09:01
we say animal动物 cruelty残酷
when animals动物 are abused滥用,
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因为联合国没有宪章
09:04
because there's no charter宪章
acknowledged承认 by the UN联合国
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来保护动物的权益。
09:07
saying animal动物 rights权利 charter宪章.
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09:09
Point one: all animals动物 are created创建 equal等于.
So you don't have that.
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第一点:所有的动物都是平等的。
当动物受到虐待时,
我们称之为虐畜罪,
09:13
So whenever每当 animals动物 are abused滥用,
we say animal动物 cruelty残酷.
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当人类受到虐待时,
我们称之为侵犯人权,
09:16
But when it comes to humans人类,
we say human人的 rights权利 abuses滥用,
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因为我们假设所有人都有人权。
09:19
because we assume承担
that all humans人类 have rights权利.
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但实际上并非如此。
09:22
But some of us are actually其实 still fighting战斗
for our right to have rights权利.
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所以,我不称之为侵犯人权。
09:26
So in that condition条件, I don't talk about
human人的 rights权利 abuse滥用 or violation违反.
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当你生活在一个
由你反对的总统治理的国家时,
09:30
When you live生活 in a country国家
and you have an issue问题 with the president主席
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而最坏的情况时他禁止你从政,
09:33
and the worst最差 thing that can happen发生
is he bans禁令 you from the presidency总统任期,
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那么你是幸运的。
09:37
you are lucky幸运.
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如果你生活在多哥,
而你反对多哥的总统,
09:38
When you come to my country国家
and have an issue问题 with the president主席,
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你可能得逃亡,
甚至是消失在这个世界上,
09:41
you just run, disappear消失;
you vanish消失 from the universe宇宙,
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因为他们甚至会通缉你至土耳其。
09:43
because they can still find you in Turkey火鸡.
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所以像我一样的人,
我们不住在多哥。
09:45
So people like myself,
we don't get to live生活 in Togo多哥 anymore.
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像我一样的人,
09:48
And people like myself,
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我们在同一个地方
生活不超过一个月,
09:49
we don't get to live生活 in the same相同 place地点
for more than a month,
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因为我们不想被追踪到。
09:52
because we don't want to be traced追踪.
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他们虐待人的方式,
09:54
The way they abuse滥用 people,
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独裁统治下的虐待,
09:55
the type类型 of cruelty残酷 that happens发生
in all impunity有罪不罚 under dictatorships独裁
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超乎人类的想象。
09:59
are beyond human人的 imagination想像力.
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分享一些积极分子被杀的故事,
10:02
The stories故事 of some
of the activists活动家 that were killed杀害,
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他们的尸体被沉入海底,
10:05
their bodies身体 dumped in the sea,
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他们被折磨
10:07
that were tortured折磨
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直到失去听力和视力--
10:09
to the point where they lost丢失
their hearing听力 or their sight视力 --
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这些故事常常萦绕在我的脑海中。
10:12
those stories故事 still haunt出没 me.
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有时候,作为积极分子,
10:13
And sometimes有时, as an activist活动家,
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我更关注死亡的过程
多过死亡本身。
10:15
I am less concerned关心 about dying垂死
than how it will happen发生.
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有时候我会坐下来
然后想象那些场景。
10:19
Sometimes有时 I just sit down
and I imagine想像 all scenarios场景.
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他们会做什么?
他们会先把我的耳朵剪下来吗?
10:21
What are they going to do?
Are they going to cut my ears耳朵 first?
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或者他们会因为我经常侮辱他们
而割掉我的舌头吗?
10:24
Or are they going to cut my tongue
because I'm always insulting侮辱 them?
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这听起来很残酷,
但这就是现实。
10:28
It sounds声音 cruel残忍, but it is the reality现实.
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我们生活在一个很残酷的世界。
10:30
We live生活 in a very cruel残忍 world世界.
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独裁者是残暴的恶魔,
10:32
Dictators独裁者 are cruel残忍 monsters怪物,
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这不是好事。
10:35
and I am not saying it to be nice不错.
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10:39
So yes, that is the final最后 characteristic特性.
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这是最后一个特征。
还有很多特征,
10:42
The list名单 goes on,
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但是这是我想分享的最后一点,
10:43
but that's the final最后 thing that I want
to share分享 about autocracies独裁,
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所以请审视一下你的国家,
看看你们是否面临独裁风险。
10:47
so that you look at your country国家
and see if there are risks风险 there.
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你们要感恩你们所拥有的自由,
10:50
It is important重要 that you acknowledge确认
the gains收益 of freedom自由 that you have today今天,
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因为这个世界上的一些人
为之付出了生命。
10:54
because some people had
to give their lives生活 for you to have it.
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所以不要觉得理所当然。
10:57
So don't take this for granted理所当然.
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同时,我还想告诉你们
10:59
But then at the same相同 time,
you also need to know
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没有哪个国家注定是要被压迫的,
11:01
that no country国家 is actually其实
destined注定 to be oppressed压迫,
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同时,
11:05
while at the same相同 time,
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也没有一个国家
能免受压迫和独裁。
11:07
no country国家 or no people are immune免疫的
to oppression压迫 and dictatorship专政.
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谢谢!
11:11
Thank you.
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(掌声)
11:13
(Applause掌声)
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Translated by Chen Yunru
Reviewed by psjmz mz

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Farida Nabourema - Activist, writer
Farida Nabourema is a key voice in Togo’s pro-democracy movement.

Why you should listen

A political activist and writer, Farida Nabourema has been a fearless advocate for democracy and human rights in Togo since she was a teenager. Through more than 400 articles on her blog and other sites, she denounces corruption and dictatorship and promotes a form of progressive pan-Africanism. In 2014, she published La Pression de l'Oppression (The Pressure of Oppression), in which she discussed the different forms of oppression that people face throughout Africa and highlighted the need for oppressed people to fight back.

Nabourema is also the engagement and collaboration coordinator of Africans Rising, a pan-African movement that fights for justice, peace and dignity through grassroots organizing, civic education and advocacy. She cofounded and is the executive director of the Togolese Civil League, an NGO that promotes democracy through civil resistance. In 2001, at age 20, Nabourema founded the "Faure Must Go" movement, where she supported and organized with Togolese youths to stand against the dictatorial regime of Faure Gnassingbé. "Faure Must Go" has become the slogan for the civil resistance movement in Togo, of which Nabourema is one of the most well-known leaders. 

Nabourema was awarded the "Young Advocate of the Year" and the "Female African Youth of the Year" in 2018 by Africa Youth Award for her contribution to raising awareness on the oldest military regime in Africa.

More profile about the speaker
Farida Nabourema | Speaker | TED.com