ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.

Why you should listen

Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?

Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.

More profile about the speaker
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Julian Treasure: 5 ways to listen better

Julian Treasure: :5種令傾聽更有效的方法

Filmed:
8,060,876 views

在我們聲息日益高漲的世界裡,聲音專家Julian Treasure說道: 「我們正在失去傾聽的能力。 」在這短暫、迷人的演說他分享五種方法--對他人和你們周圍的世界--令我們能重新調整耳朵傾聽的能力。
- Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
We are losing失去 our listening.
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我們正在失去傾聽的能力。
00:18
We spend roughly大致 60 percent百分 of our communication通訊 time listening,
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我們花大約60%的時間傾聽我們的溝通,
00:22
but we're not very good at it.
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但我們不是傾聽得很有效。
00:24
We retain保留 just 25 percent百分 of what we hear.
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我們只保留我們聽到的25%。
00:26
Now not you, not this talk,
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不是說你現在,不是說這演說,
00:28
but that is generally通常 true真正.
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但這是一般是事實。
00:30
Let's define確定 listening
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讓我們定義傾聽
00:32
as making製造 meaning含義 from sound聲音.
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為從聽聲音搜索到意思。
00:34
It's a mental心理 process處理,
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這是一個心理過程,
00:36
and it's a process處理 of extraction萃取.
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一個提取的過程。
00:38
We use some pretty漂亮 cool techniques技術 to do this.
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我們使用一些很酷的技術來做到這一點。
00:40
One of them is pattern模式 recognition承認.
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其中一樣是模式識別。
00:42
(Crowd人群 Noise噪聲) So in a cocktail雞尾酒 party派對 like this,
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(人群噪音)例如在一個雞尾酒會這樣,
00:45
if I say, "David大衛, Sara薩拉, pay工資 attention注意,"
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假如我說:「大衛,薩拉,注意, 」
00:47
some of you just satSAT up.
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你們有些便會坐起來。
00:49
We recognize認識 patterns模式
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我們認識到模式
00:51
to distinguish區分 noise噪聲 from signal信號,
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來區分噪聲的信號,
00:53
and especially特別 our name名稱.
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尤其是我們的名字。
00:55
Differencing差分 is another另一個 technique技術 we use.
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「過濾削減法」是我們使用的另一種技術。
00:57
If I left this pink noise噪聲 on for more than a couple一對 of minutes分鐘,
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如果我讓這吵雜的聲音播放着兩分鐘,
01:00
you would literally按照字面 cease停止 to hear it.
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你會漸漸停止聽到它。
01:02
We listen to differences分歧,
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我們辨聽到差異,
01:04
we discount折扣 sounds聲音 that remain the same相同.
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我們對保持不變的聲音逐漸地不理會。
01:07
And then there is a whole整個 range範圍 of filters過濾器.
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接著便是一個整體範圍的過濾器。
01:10
These filters過濾器 take us from all sound聲音
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這些過濾器把我們帶到所有的聲音
01:13
down to what we pay工資 attention注意 to.
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直至到我們注意的聲音。
01:15
Most people are entirely完全 unconscious無意識
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大部分人是對這些過濾器
01:17
of these filters過濾器.
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完全​​無意識的。
01:19
But they actually其實 create創建 our reality現實 in a way,
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但它們實際上創造了
01:22
because they tell us what we're paying付款 attention注意 to right now.
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我們的現實,因為它們正在告訴我們現在正在關注什麼。
01:25
Give you one example of that:
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給你們一個例子:
01:27
Intention意向 is very important重要 in sound聲音, in listening.
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聽和聲音的意圖是非常重要的。
01:30
When I married已婚 my wife妻子,
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當我太太嫁給我時,
01:32
I promised許諾 her that I would listen to her every一切 day
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我答應她我會每天聽從她
01:34
as if for the first time.
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彷彿像是第一次一樣。
01:36
Now that's something I fall秋季 short of on a daily日常 basis基礎.
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現在,這是我每天功虧一簣的事情。
01:39
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:41
But it's a great intention意向 to have in a relationship關係.
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但對關係它是一個偉大的意圖。
01:44
But that's not all.
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但這還不是全部。
01:46
Sound聲音 places地方 us in space空間 and in time.
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聲音將我們放在空間和時間。
01:49
If you close your eyes眼睛 right now in this room房間,
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如果你現在在這個房間裡閉上眼睛,
01:52
you're aware知道的 of the size尺寸 of the room房間
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你會從混響和聲音
01:54
from the reverberation混響
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彈跳離開不同表面
01:56
and the bouncing蹦蹦 of the sound聲音 off the surfaces.
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而察覺到房間的大小。
01:58
And you're aware知道的 of how many許多 people are around you
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而從收到周圍的微噪音
02:00
because of the micro-noises微噪聲 you're receiving接收.
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你便會察覺到有多少人。
02:03
And sound聲音 places地方 us in time as well,
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而聲音更加把我們察覺到時間
02:06
because sound聲音 always has
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因為聲音總是有
02:08
time embedded嵌入式 in it.
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時間嵌入其中。
02:10
In fact事實, I would suggest建議 that our listening is the main主要 way
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其實,我認為,聆聽是我們主要途徑
02:12
that we experience經驗 the flow of time
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來讓我們經歷時間從過去
02:14
from past過去 to future未來.
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到未來的流動。
02:16
So, "Sonority鄭重 is time and meaning含義" -- a great quote引用.
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那麼,“聲響是時間和意義” -- 一個偉大的引用句。
02:18
I said at the beginning開始, we're losing失去 our listening.
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在一開始我說,我們正在失去我們的聽力。
02:21
Why did I say that?
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為什麼我這樣說呢?
02:23
Well there are a lot of reasons原因 for this.
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有很多原因的。
02:25
First of all, we invented發明 ways方法 of recording記錄 --
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第一,我們發明了記錄的方法
02:27
first writing寫作, then audio音頻 recording記錄
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首先, 寫作,然後錄音
02:29
and now video視頻 recording記錄 as well.
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和以及現在, 錄像。
02:31
The premium額外費用 on accurate準確 and careful小心 listening
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那獨特的準確和仔細的聆聽
02:34
has simply只是 disappeared消失.
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簡直已消失了。
02:36
Secondly其次, the world世界 is now so noisy嘈雜,
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其次,世界上現在那麼吵,
02:39
(Noise噪聲) with this cacophony雜音 going on
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(噪音)與此視覺
02:41
visually視覺 and auditorily聽覺,
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和聽覺的雜音,
02:44
it's just hard to listen;
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是十分很難聆聽,
02:46
it's tiring累人 to listen.
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要聆聽很是累人。
02:48
Many許多 people take refuge避難所 in headphones頭戴耳機,
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許多人躲避於聽筒內,
02:50
but they turn big, public上市 spaces空間 like this,
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但他們因此將這又大,又公眾共享
02:53
shared共享 soundscapes音景,
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音景的場所,
02:55
into millions百萬 of tiny, little personal個人 sound聲音 bubbles泡泡.
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改變成為百萬個微小的和個人的聲音小氣泡。
02:59
In this scenario腳本, nobody's沒有人是 listening to anybody任何人.
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在這種情況下,沒有人在聆聽任何人。
03:02
We're becoming變得 impatient不耐煩.
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我們越來越不耐煩。
03:04
We don't want oratory演講 anymore,
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我們不希望再聽演講,
03:06
we want sound聲音 bites咬傷.
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我們只擷取片段的句子。
03:08
And the art藝術 of conversation會話
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而談話的藝術被
03:10
is being存在 replaced更換 -- dangerously危險, I think --
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危險地替換成為--我認為的 --
03:12
by personal個人 broadcasting廣播.
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由個人廣播。
03:14
I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation會話,
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我不知道有多少人在聽這次談話,
03:17
which哪一個 is sadly可悲的是 very common共同,
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這是很可悲的普遍,
03:19
especially特別 in the U.K.
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尤其是在英國。
03:21
We're becoming變得 desensitized脫敏.
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我們變得麻木。
03:23
Our media媒體 have to scream驚叫 at us with these kinds of headlines新聞頭條
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為以獲得我們的注意力, 我們的媒體紛紛在用
03:26
in order訂購 to get our attention注意.
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這類型的標題以博取我們的注意。
03:28
And that means手段 it's harder更難 for us to pay工資 attention注意
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這意味著我們漸有困難地注意
03:30
to the quiet安靜, the subtle微妙,
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安靜,含蓄
03:32
the understated低調.
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和低調的事物。
03:35
This is a serious嚴重 problem問題 that we're losing失去 our listening.
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這是一個嚴重的問題,我們正在失去我們的聆聽力。
03:38
This is not trivial不重要的.
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這不是小事。
03:40
Because listening is our access訪問 to understanding理解.
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因為聆聽力是我們獲得理解的通路。
03:43
Conscious意識 listening always creates創建 understanding理解.
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有意識的聆聽總會創造有意識的理解。
03:47
And only without conscious意識 listening
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而只有無意識的聆聽
03:50
can these things happen發生 --
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能令這些事情發生 --
03:52
a world世界 where we don't listen to each other at all,
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變成這個世界上,我們不再傾聽對方的一切,
03:54
is a very scary害怕 place地點 indeed確實.
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變成一個非常可怕的地方。
03:58
So I'd like to share分享 with you
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所以我想與大家
04:00
five simple簡單 exercises演習, tools工具 you can take away with you,
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分享可以採取的, 五個簡單的練習工具,
04:03
to improve提高 your own擁有 conscious意識 listening.
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來提高你自己的意識和聆聽力。
04:05
Would you like that?
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你想要嗎?
04:07
(Audience聽眾: Yes.) Good.
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(觀眾:想要。)好。
04:09
The first one is silence安靜.
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第一: 是沉默。
04:11
Just three minutes分鐘 a day of silence安靜
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僅僅每天三分鐘的沉默
04:13
is a wonderful精彩 exercise行使
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是一種奇妙的練習,
04:15
to reset重啟 your ears耳朵 and to recalibrate重新校準
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以重復你的耳朵,並重新調整,
04:17
so that you can hear the quiet安靜 again.
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使你能聽到安靜。
04:19
If you can't get absolute絕對 silence安靜,
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如果你不能得到絕對的沉默,
04:21
go for quiet安靜, that's absolutely絕對 fine.
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去一個較安靜的地方,這是沒有問題的。
04:24
Second第二, I call this the mixer混合器.
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第二,我稱此為混合器。
04:27
(Noise噪聲) So even if you're in a noisy嘈雜 environment環境 like this --
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(噪音)即使你在一個這樣嘈雜的環境中 --
04:30
and we all spend a lot of time in places地方 like this --
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我們都花很多時間在這樣的地方 --
04:33
listen in the coffee咖啡 bar酒吧
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在咖啡吧試試可以聽到
04:35
to how many許多 channels渠道 of sound聲音 can I hear?
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多少聲音的頻道?
04:37
How many許多 individual個人 channels渠道 in that mix混合 am I listening to?
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你實際上在聽到多少不同的頻道呢?
04:40
You can do it in a beautiful美麗 place地點 as well, like in a lake.
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你可以在一個美麗的地方練習,像一個湖泊。
04:43
How many許多 birds鳥類 am I hearing聽力?
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你在聽到多少隻鳥呢?
04:45
Where are they? Where are those ripples漣漪?
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牠們在哪裡?波紋在哪裡呢?
04:47
It's a great exercise行使
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這是一個很好的
04:49
for improving提高 the quality質量 of your listening.
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鍛煉來提高你聆聽的素質。
04:52
Third第三, this exercise行使 I call savoring品嚐,
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第三,這項練習我稱之為品嚐,
04:54
and this is a beautiful美麗 exercise行使.
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這是一個美麗的練習。
04:56
It's about enjoying享受 mundane平凡 sounds聲音.
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這是關於享受平凡的聲音。
04:58
This, for example, is my tumble下跌 dryer烘乾機.
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例如,我的乾衣機。
05:01
(Dryer烘乾機) It's a waltz華爾茲舞.
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(乾衣機)這是一首華爾茲。
05:03
One, two, three. One, two, three. One, two, three.
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一,二,三。一,二,三。一二三。
05:06
I love it.
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我喜歡它。
05:08
Or just try this one on for size尺寸.
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或者試試這個。
05:10
(Coffee咖啡 grinder磨床)
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(磨咖啡機)
05:19
Wow!
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哇!
05:21
So mundane平凡 sounds聲音 can be really interesting有趣 if you pay工資 attention注意.
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所以,如果你留意, 平凡的聲音會很有趣。
05:23
I call that the hidden choir唱詩班.
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我稱之為隱藏的合唱團。
05:25
It's around us all the time.
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我們身邊通通皆是。
05:27
The next下一個 exercise行使
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接下來的練習
05:29
is probably大概 the most important重要 of all of these,
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可能是這些最重要的,
05:31
if you just take one thing away.
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若然你只採取一樣練習。
05:33
This is listening positions位置 --
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這是聆聽的位置 --
05:35
the idea理念 that you can move移動 your listening position位置
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意思是,你可以移動你聆聽的位置
05:38
to what's appropriate適當 to what you're listening to.
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到適合你聆聽的什麼。
05:40
This is playing播放 with those filters過濾器.
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這是把弄那些過濾器。
05:42
Do you remember記得, I gave you those filters過濾器 at the beginning開始.
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你還記得嗎?我開始時給你們這些過濾器。
05:44
It's starting開始 to play with them as levers槓桿,
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開始將它們如槓桿般把弄,
05:46
to get conscious意識 about them and to move移動 to different不同 places地方.
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以獲得有關它們的知覺和移動到不同的地方。
05:49
These are just some of the listening positions位置,
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這些只是一些可以使用的聆聽位置,
05:51
or scales of listening positions位置, that you can use.
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或尺度聽的位置。
05:54
There are many許多.
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有很多。
05:56
Have fun開玩笑 with that. It's very exciting扣人心弦.
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很有樂趣的。非常令人興奮。
05:58
And finally最後, an acronym縮寫.
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最後,一個縮寫。
06:00
You can use this in listening, in communication通訊.
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你可以在聆聽上和在溝通上使用這個。
06:03
If you're in any one of those roles角色 --
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如果你在這任何一個些任務 --
06:05
and I think that probably大概 is everybody每個人 who's誰是 listening to this talk --
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我認為這可能是在聽這談論的任何人 --
06:09
the acronym縮寫 is RASARASA,
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縮寫是RASA,
06:11
which哪一個 is the Sanskrit梵文 word
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這是梵文,
06:13
for juice果汁 or essence本質.
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意思是果汁或本質。
06:15
And RASARASA stands站立 for Receive接收,
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而RASA的R代表要接收,
06:17
which哪一個 means手段 pay工資 attention注意 to the person;
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意思是要注意著人;
06:19
Appreciate欣賞, making製造 little noises噪音
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要賞識,製造小噪音
06:21
like "hmm," "oh," "okay";
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像嗯,哦,還好;
06:23
Summarize總結, the word "so" is very important重要 in communication通訊;
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要總結,"因此"這個詞在溝通是非常重要;
06:26
and Ask, ask questions問題 afterward之後.
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並且要問,之後提出問題。
06:30
Now sound聲音 is my passion, it's my life.
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現在,聲音是我的激情,是我的生命。
06:32
I wrote a whole整個 book about it. So I live生活 to listen.
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我對於這個寫了一整本書。所以,我活著為了聆聽。
06:34
That's too much to ask from most people.
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這對大多數人是過分的要求。
06:37
But I believe that every一切 human人的 being存在
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但我相信每個人
06:39
needs需求 to listen consciously自覺
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為了充分體驗生活
06:41
in order訂購 to live生活 fully充分 --
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需要有意識地傾聽 --
06:43
connected連接的 in space空間 and in time
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來連接在我們身邊
06:45
to the physical物理 world世界 around us,
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物理世界的空間和時間,
06:47
connected連接的 in understanding理解 to each other,
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來連接相互理解,
06:49
not to mention提到 spiritually靈性 connected連接的,
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更何況是精神上的相連,
06:51
because every一切 spiritual精神 path路徑 I know of
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因為我知道每一個精神心路上的歷程
06:53
has listening and contemplation沉思
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都以聆聽和沉思
06:55
at its heart.
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為核心。
06:57
That's why
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這就是為什麼
06:59
we need to teach listening in our schools學校
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我們要在學校需要教聆聽
07:01
as a skill技能.
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為一門技能。
07:03
Why is it not taught? It's crazy.
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為什麼不教這個?這實在是瘋狂。
07:05
And if we can teach listening in our schools學校,
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如果我們可以在學校教導聽聆,
07:08
we can take our listening off that slippery slope
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我們可以把我們的聆聽能力拉回來,
07:11
to that dangerous危險, scary害怕 world世界 that I talked about
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避免滑落去這個我談及的危險和可怕的世界,
07:14
and move移動 it to a place地點 where everybody每個人 is consciously自覺 listening all the time --
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並將其移動到一個大家在任何時間都自覺地聆聽著對方的地方,
07:17
or at least最小 capable of doing it.
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-- 或至少有能力這樣做的地方。
07:19
Now I don't know how to do that,
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現在我不知道該怎麼做,
07:21
but this is TEDTED,
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但這是TED,
07:23
and I think the TEDTED community社區 is capable of anything.
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我覺得的TED社群是有能力做任何事情。
07:26
So I invite邀請 you to connect with me, connect with each other,
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因此,我邀請你與我連縶,與每個人相互連接,
07:29
take this mission任務 out and let's get listening taught in schools學校,
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採取這個任務,讓我們在學校教導聽聆,
07:32
and transform轉變 the world世界 in one generation to a conscious意識 listening world世界 --
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改造世界的一代成為有意識地傾聽的世界 --
07:35
a world世界 of connection連接,
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一個有連縶的世界,
07:37
a world世界 of understanding理解 and a world世界 of peace和平.
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一個有理解和和平的世界。
07:40
Thank you for listening to me today今天.
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謝謝今天你的聆聽。
07:42
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Ana Choi
Reviewed by Sean Chuang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.

Why you should listen

Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?

Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.

More profile about the speaker
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com