TEDGlobal 2011
Julian Treasure: 5 ways to listen better
Julian Treasure: 5 maneiras de escoitar mellor
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Nun mundo cada vez máis ruidoso, o experto en son Julian Treasure di que "estamos a perde-la capacidade de escoitar". Nesta charla breve e fascinante, Treasure fala de cinco maneiras de reafinar o oído para escoitar de modo consciente outras persoas e o mundo ao noso redor.
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
We are losing our listening.
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Estamos a perde-la capacidade de escoitar.
00:18
We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening,
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Cando nos comunicamos, pasamos cerca dun 60% do tempo escoitando,
00:22
but we're not very good at it.
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pero non somos moi bos facéndoo.
00:24
We retain just 25 percent of what we hear.
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Só retemos un 25% do que escoitamos.
00:26
Now not you, not this talk,
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Vós non, non nesta charla,
00:28
but that is generally true.
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pero en xeral isto é así.
00:30
Let's define listening
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Definamos "escoitar"
00:32
as making meaning from sound.
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como obter significado dun son.
00:34
It's a mental process,
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É un proceso mental
00:36
and it's a process of extraction.
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e un proceso de extracción.
00:38
We use some pretty cool techniques to do this.
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Usamos técnicas moi interesantes para facelo.
00:40
One of them is pattern recognition.
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Unha delas é recoñece-los patróns.
00:42
(Crowd Noise) So in a cocktail party like this,
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(Ruído de xente) Así, nunha festa como esta,
00:45
if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention,"
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se digo "David, Sara, atendede",
00:47
some of you just sat up.
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algúns de vós prestariades atención.
00:49
We recognize patterns
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Recoñecémo-los patróns
00:51
to distinguish noise from signal,
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para diferencia-lo ruído dun sinal
00:53
and especially our name.
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e especialmente o noso nome.
00:55
Differencing is another technique we use.
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Outra técnica que usamos é a diferenciación.
00:57
If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes,
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Se eu deixase este son continuo durante máis de dous minutos,
01:00
you would literally cease to hear it.
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deixariades de oílo, literalmente.
01:02
We listen to differences,
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Escoitámo-las diferencias,
01:04
we discount sounds that remain the same.
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descartámo-los sons que non cambian.
01:07
And then there is a whole range of filters.
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Tamén hai unha gran gama de filtros.
01:10
These filters take us from all sound
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Estes filtros fan que de tódolos sons
01:13
down to what we pay attention to.
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nos concentremos naquilo no que prestamos atención.
01:15
Most people are entirely unconscious
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A maior parte da xente é completamente inconsciente
01:17
of these filters.
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destes filtros.
01:19
But they actually create our reality in a way,
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Pero son os que dalgunha forma crean a nosa realidade,
01:22
because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now.
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porque nos din a que estamos prestando atención neste momento.
01:25
Give you one example of that:
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Vou poñer un exemplo disto:
01:27
Intention is very important in sound, in listening.
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a intención é moi importante no son, cando escoitamos.
01:30
When I married my wife,
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Cando casei coa miña muller,
01:32
I promised her that I would listen to her every day
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prometinlle que a escoitaría tódolos días
01:34
as if for the first time.
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como se fose a primeira vez.
01:36
Now that's something I fall short of on a daily basis.
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Pois iso non o cumpro tódolos días.
01:39
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
01:41
But it's a great intention to have in a relationship.
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Pero é unha intención moi boa para unha relación.
01:44
But that's not all.
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Pero a cousa non acaba aí.
01:46
Sound places us in space and in time.
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O son sitúanos no espazo e no tempo.
01:49
If you close your eyes right now in this room,
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Se agora pechades os ollos nesta sala,
01:52
you're aware of the size of the room
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decatarédesvos do seu tamaño
01:54
from the reverberation
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pola reverberación
01:56
and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces.
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e por como rebota o son nas superficies.
01:58
And you're aware of how many people are around you
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Tamén vos decataredes da cantidade de xente que vos rodea
02:00
because of the micro-noises you're receiving.
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polos pequenos ruidos que percibides.
02:03
And sound places us in time as well,
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O son tamén nos sitúa no tempo,
02:06
because sound always has
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porque no son sempre
02:08
time embedded in it.
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hai tempo incluído.
02:10
In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way
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De feito, eu diría que a escoita é a principal forma
02:12
that we experience the flow of time
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pola que experimentamos o paso do tempo
02:14
from past to future.
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do pasado ao futuro.
02:16
So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote.
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"O son é o momento e o significado", unha gran cita.
02:18
I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening.
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Ao principio dixen que estamos a perde-la capacidade de escoitar.
02:21
Why did I say that?
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Por que dixen iso?
02:23
Well there are a lot of reasons for this.
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Pois ben, hai moitas razóns para dicilo.
02:25
First of all, we invented ways of recording --
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En primeiro lugar, inventamos formas de rexistrar:
02:27
first writing, then audio recording
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primeiro a escritura, despois a gravación de audio
02:29
and now video recording as well.
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e agora tamén de vídeo.
02:31
The premium on accurate and careful listening
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A gratificación de escoitar con coidado e precisión
02:34
has simply disappeared.
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desapareceu, simplemente.
02:36
Secondly, the world is now so noisy,
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En segundo lugar, agora o mundo é tan ruidoso,
02:39
(Noise) with this cacophony going on
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(Ruído) con esta cacofonía continua
02:41
visually and auditorily,
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visual e auditiva,
02:44
it's just hard to listen;
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que resulta difícil escoitar;
02:46
it's tiring to listen.
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escoitar cánsanos.
02:48
Many people take refuge in headphones,
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Moitas persoas refúxianse nos auriculares,
02:50
but they turn big, public spaces like this,
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pero estes fan que grandes espazos públicos como este,
02:53
shared soundscapes,
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paisaxes sonoras compartidas,
02:55
into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles.
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se convertan en millóns de pequenas burbullas sonoras persoais.
02:59
In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody.
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Nesta situación, ninguén escoita os demais.
03:02
We're becoming impatient.
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Estámonos volvendo impacientes.
03:04
We don't want oratory anymore,
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Xa non queremos oratoria,
03:06
we want sound bites.
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senón frases lapidarias.
03:08
And the art of conversation
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E a arte da conversación
03:10
is being replaced -- dangerously, I think --
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está sendo substituída -perigosamente, creo-
03:12
by personal broadcasting.
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pola proxección persoal.
03:14
I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation,
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Non sei canto se escoita nesta conversación,
03:17
which is sadly very common,
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que por desgracia é moi frecuente,
03:19
especially in the U.K.
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especialmente no Reino Unido.
03:21
We're becoming desensitized.
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Estámonos volvendo insensibles.
03:23
Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines
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Os nosos medios de comunicación teñen que berrarnos con estes titulares
03:26
in order to get our attention.
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para capta-la nosa atención.
03:28
And that means it's harder for us to pay attention
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Iso quere dicir que nos é máis difícil prestar atención
03:30
to the quiet, the subtle,
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ao tranquilo, ao sutil,
03:32
the understated.
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ao sinxelo.
03:35
This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening.
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A nosa pérdida da capacidade de escoitar é un problema grave.
03:38
This is not trivial.
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Non é un problema trivial.
03:40
Because listening is our access to understanding.
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Porque escoitando temos acceso á comprensión.
03:43
Conscious listening always creates understanding.
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A escoita consciente sempre produce unha comprensión.
03:47
And only without conscious listening
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E se non se escoita conscientemente
03:50
can these things happen --
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poden acontecer estas cousas.
03:52
a world where we don't listen to each other at all,
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Un mundo onde non nos escoitamos nunca os uns aos outros
03:54
is a very scary place indeed.
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da moito medo.
03:58
So I'd like to share with you
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Por iso eu quixera compartir con vós
04:00
five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you,
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cinco exercicios fáciles, técnicas que podedes empregar
04:03
to improve your own conscious listening.
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para escoitar de forma máis consciente.
04:05
Would you like that?
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Gustaríavos?
04:07
(Audience: Yes.) Good.
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(Público: si). Ben.
04:09
The first one is silence.
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O primeiro é o silencio.
04:11
Just three minutes a day of silence
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Tres minutos de silencio ao día
04:13
is a wonderful exercise
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é un exercicio estupendo
04:15
to reset your ears and to recalibrate
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para reaxustar e recalibrar o oído
04:17
so that you can hear the quiet again.
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e así poder ouvir outra vez o sutil.
04:19
If you can't get absolute silence,
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Se non se consegue un silencio absoluto,
04:21
go for quiet, that's absolutely fine.
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cómpre buscar a tranquilidade, iso tamén vale.
04:24
Second, I call this the mixer.
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Ao segundo chámolle o batedor.
04:27
(Noise) So even if you're in a noisy environment like this --
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(Ruído) Mesmo nun ambiente ruidoso coma este
04:30
and we all spend a lot of time in places like this --
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- todos nós pasamos moito tempo en sitios así -
04:33
listen in the coffee bar
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escoiten na cafetería
04:35
to how many channels of sound can I hear?
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cantas canles de son podemos percibir?
04:37
How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to?
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Cantas canles individuais estou a escoitar nesta mistura?
04:40
You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake.
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Isto pódese facer tamén nun sitio fermoso, como un lago.
04:43
How many birds am I hearing?
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Cantos paxariños estou a escoitar?
04:45
Where are they? Where are those ripples?
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Onde están? De onde veñen eses murmurios?
04:47
It's a great exercise
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É un exercicio moi bon
04:49
for improving the quality of your listening.
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para mellorar a calidade da escoita.
04:52
Third, this exercise I call savoring,
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Ao terceiro chámolle saborear,
04:54
and this is a beautiful exercise.
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e é un exercicio precioso.
04:56
It's about enjoying mundane sounds.
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Trátase de apreciar os sons cotiáns.
04:58
This, for example, is my tumble dryer.
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Por exemplo, esta é a miña secadora.
05:01
(Dryer) It's a waltz.
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(Secadora) É un valse.
05:03
One, two, three. One, two, three. One, two, three.
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Un, dous, tres. Un, dous, tres. Un, dous, tres.
05:06
I love it.
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Encántame.
05:08
Or just try this one on for size.
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Ou probade con este.
05:10
(Coffee grinder)
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(Muíño de café)
05:19
Wow!
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Guau!
05:21
So mundane sounds can be really interesting if you pay attention.
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Vemos que os sons cotiáns poden ser moi interesantes se pomos atención.
05:23
I call that the hidden choir.
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A isto chámolle o coro oculto.
05:25
It's around us all the time.
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Está sempre ao noso redor.
05:27
The next exercise
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O seguinte exercicio
05:29
is probably the most important of all of these,
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seguramente sexa o máis importante de todos,
05:31
if you just take one thing away.
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se se quedan con só unha cousa destas.
05:33
This is listening positions --
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Son as posicións para escoitar.
05:35
the idea that you can move your listening position
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É a idea de que se pode cambiar a posición
05:38
to what's appropriate to what you're listening to.
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segundo o que sexa máis apropiado para o que se está a escoitar.
05:40
This is playing with those filters.
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Así se xoga cos filtros.
05:42
Do you remember, I gave you those filters at the beginning.
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Se vos lembrades, falei deses filtros ao principio.
05:44
It's starting to play with them as levers,
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Trátase de xogar con eles como se fosen pancas,
05:46
to get conscious about them and to move to different places.
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para tomarmos consciencia deles e movernos a diferentes sitios.
05:49
These are just some of the listening positions,
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Estas son algunhas destas posicións para escoitar,
05:51
or scales of listening positions, that you can use.
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ou escalas das posicións, que podedes usar.
05:54
There are many.
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Existen moitas.
05:56
Have fun with that. It's very exciting.
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Un pódeo pasar ben con isto, é moi divertido.
05:58
And finally, an acronym.
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Para rematar, un acrónimo.
06:00
You can use this in listening, in communication.
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Podedelo usar ao escoitar, na comunicación.
06:03
If you're in any one of those roles --
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Se algún de vós ten algún destes roles
06:05
and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk --
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-seguramente é o caso de todos os que están a ouvir esta charla-
06:09
the acronym is RASA,
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o acrónimo é RASA,
06:11
which is the Sanskrit word
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que en sánscrito quere dicir
06:13
for juice or essence.
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xuízo ou esencia.
06:15
And RASA stands for Receive,
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En inglés, as iniciais de RASA representan Recibir,
06:17
which means pay attention to the person;
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ou sexa prestar atención á persoa;
06:19
Appreciate, making little noises
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Apreciar, con pequenos sons
06:21
like "hmm," "oh," "okay";
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como oh, ahá;
06:23
Summarize, the word "so" is very important in communication;
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Resumir, a palabra "entón" é moi importante na comunicación;
06:26
and Ask, ask questions afterward.
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e Preguntar, facer preguntas ao final.
06:30
Now sound is my passion, it's my life.
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O son é a miña paixón, é a minha vida.
06:32
I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen.
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Escribín todo un libro sobre el, eu vivo para escoitar.
06:34
That's too much to ask from most people.
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Á maior parte das persoas isto cústalles un mundo.
06:37
But I believe that every human being
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Pero creo que todo ser humano
06:39
needs to listen consciously
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necesita escoitar conscientemente
06:41
in order to live fully --
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para vivir con plenitude,
06:43
connected in space and in time
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conectado espacial e temporalmente
06:45
to the physical world around us,
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co mundo físico que nos rodea,
06:47
connected in understanding to each other,
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conectado no entendemento cos outros,
06:49
not to mention spiritually connected,
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sen mencionar a conexión espiritual,
06:51
because every spiritual path I know of
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porque tódolos camiños espirituais que coñezo
06:53
has listening and contemplation
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inclúen a escoita e a contemplación
06:55
at its heart.
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nos seus principios.
06:57
That's why
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Por iso
06:59
we need to teach listening in our schools
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temos que ensinar a escoitar nas escolas
07:01
as a skill.
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como unha competencia.
07:03
Why is it not taught? It's crazy.
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Por que non se ensina? É unha tontería.
07:05
And if we can teach listening in our schools,
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E se podemos ensinar a escoitar nas escolas
07:08
we can take our listening off that slippery slope
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podemos retirar a escoita dese efecto dominó
07:11
to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about
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que remata nese mundo perigoso do que falei antes
07:14
and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time --
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para levala a un lugar onde todos escoitan sempre conscientemente,
07:17
or at least capable of doing it.
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ou polo menos todos son capaces de facelo.
07:19
Now I don't know how to do that,
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Non sei como se pode facer iso,
07:21
but this is TED,
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pero isto é TED,
07:23
and I think the TED community is capable of anything.
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e creo que a comunidade de TED é capaz de todo.
07:26
So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other,
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Por iso invítovos a conectarvos conmigo, cos demais,
07:29
take this mission out and let's get listening taught in schools,
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emprender esta misión e ensinar a escoitar nas escolas
07:32
and transform the world in one generation to a conscious listening world --
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e nunha xeración transformar este mundo nun mundo de escoita consciente,
07:35
a world of connection,
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un mundo de conexións,
07:37
a world of understanding and a world of peace.
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un mundo de entendemento, un mundo de paz.
07:40
Thank you for listening to me today.
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Gracias por escoitarme hoxe.
07:42
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultantJulian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.
Why you should listen
Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?
Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com