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Nina Dølvik Brochmann and Ellen Støkken Dahl: The virginity fraud
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The hymen is still the most misunderstood part of the female body. Nina Dølvik Brochmann and Ellen Støkken Dahl share their mission to empower young people through better sex education, debunking the popular (and harmful) myths we're told about female virginity and the hymen.
Nina Dølvik Brochmann - Doctor, writer
Nina Dølvik Brochmann, M.D. wants to empower women through good sexual education. Full bioEllen Støkken Dahl - Medical student, writer
Ellen Støkken Dahl is spreading medical expertise and enthusiasm for sexual health as a teacher for teenagers, sex workers and refugees. Full bio
Nina Dølvik Brochmann, M.D. wants to empower women through good sexual education. Full bioEllen Støkken Dahl - Medical student, writer
Ellen Støkken Dahl is spreading medical expertise and enthusiasm for sexual health as a teacher for teenagers, sex workers and refugees. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Nina Dølvik Brochmann:
We grew up believing
We grew up believing
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that the hymen is a proof of virginity.
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But it turns out, we were wrong.
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What we discovered
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is that the popular story we're told
about female virginity
about female virginity
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is based on two anatomical myths.
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The truth has been known
in medical communities for over 100 years,
in medical communities for over 100 years,
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yet somehow these two myths
continue to make life difficult
continue to make life difficult
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for women around the world.
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Ellen Støkken Dahl:
The first myth is about blood.
The first myth is about blood.
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It tells us that the hymen
breaks and bleeds
breaks and bleeds
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the first time a woman has vaginal sex.
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In other words, if there is no blood
on the sheets afterwards,
on the sheets afterwards,
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then the woman was simply not a virgin.
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The second myth is a logical
consequence of the first.
consequence of the first.
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Since the hymen is thought
to break and bleed,
to break and bleed,
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people also believe
that it actually disappears
that it actually disappears
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or is in some way radically altered
during a woman's first intercourse.
during a woman's first intercourse.
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If that were true,
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one would easily be able to determine
if a woman is a virgin or not
if a woman is a virgin or not
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by examining her genitals,
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by doing a virginity check.
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NDB: So that's our two myths:
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virgins bleed,
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and hymens are lost forever.
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Now, this may sound
like a minor issue to you.
like a minor issue to you.
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Why should you care
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about an obscure little skin fold
on the female body?
on the female body?
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But the truth is,
this is about so much more
this is about so much more
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than an anatomical misunderstanding.
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The myths about the hymen
have lived on for centuries
have lived on for centuries
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because they have cultural significance.
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They have been used as a powerful tool
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in the effort to control women's sexuality
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in about every culture,
religion and historical decade.
religion and historical decade.
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Women are still mistrusted,
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shamed,
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harmed
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and, in the worst cases,
subjected to honor killings
subjected to honor killings
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if they don't bleed
on their wedding night.
on their wedding night.
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Other women are forced
through degrading virginity checks,
through degrading virginity checks,
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simply to obtain a job,
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to save their reputation
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or to get married.
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ESD: Like in Indonesia,
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where women are systematically examined
to enter military service.
to enter military service.
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After the Egyptian uprisings in 2011,
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a group of female protesters were forced
to undergo virginity checks
to undergo virginity checks
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by their military.
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In Oslo, doctors are examining
the hymens of young girls
the hymens of young girls
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to reassure parents
that their children are not ruined.
that their children are not ruined.
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And sadly, the list goes on.
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Women are so afraid not to live up to
the myths about the hymen
the myths about the hymen
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that they choose to use
different virginity quick fixes
different virginity quick fixes
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to assure a bleeding.
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That could be plastic surgery,
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known as "revirgination,"
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it could be vials of blood
poured on the sheets after sex
poured on the sheets after sex
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or fake hymens bought online,
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complete with theater blood
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and a promise to "kiss your deep,
dark secret goodbye."
dark secret goodbye."
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NDB: By telling girls
that no deed can be kept secret,
that no deed can be kept secret,
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that their bodies
will reveal them no matter what,
will reveal them no matter what,
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we have endowed them with fear.
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Girls are afraid of ruining themselves,
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either through sport,
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play,
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tampon use
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or a sexual activity.
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We have curtailed their opportunities
and their freedoms.
and their freedoms.
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It's time we put an end
to the virginity fraud.
to the virginity fraud.
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It's time we break the myths
about the hymen
about the hymen
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once and for all.
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ESD: We are medical students,
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sexual health workers
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and the authors
of "The Wonder Down Under."
of "The Wonder Down Under."
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(Laughter)
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That's a popular science book
about the female genitals.
about the female genitals.
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And in our experience,
people seem to believe
people seem to believe
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that the hymen is some kind of a seal
covering the vaginal opening.
covering the vaginal opening.
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In Norwegian, it is even called
"the virgin membrane."
"the virgin membrane."
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And with this,
we picture something fragile,
we picture something fragile,
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something easily destructible,
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something you can rip through,
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perhaps like a sheet of plastic wrapping.
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You may have wondered
why we brought a hula hoop onstage today.
why we brought a hula hoop onstage today.
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We'll show you.
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(Laughter)
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Now, it is very hard to hide
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that something has happened
to this hoop, right?
to this hoop, right?
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It is different
before and after I punched it.
before and after I punched it.
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The seal is broken,
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and unless we change the plastic,
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it won't get back to its intact state.
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So if we wanted to do a virginity check
on this hoop right here,
on this hoop right here,
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right now,
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that would be very easy.
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It's easy to say that this hoop
is not a virgin anymore.
is not a virgin anymore.
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(Laughter)
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NDB: But the hymen
is nothing like a piece of plastic
is nothing like a piece of plastic
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you can wrap around your food,
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or a seal.
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In fact ...
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it's more like this --
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a scrunchie or a rubber band.
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The hymen is a rim of tissue
at the outer opening of the vagina.
at the outer opening of the vagina.
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And usually, it has a doughnut
or a half-moon shape
or a half-moon shape
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with a large, central hole.
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But this varies a lot,
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and sometimes hymens can have fringes,
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it can have several holes,
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or it can consist of lobes.
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In other words, hymens
naturally vary a lot in looks,
naturally vary a lot in looks,
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and that is what makes it so hard
to do a virginity check.
to do a virginity check.
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ESD: Now that we know a bit more
about the hymen's anatomy,
about the hymen's anatomy,
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it's time to get back to our two myths:
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virgins bleed,
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hymens are lost forever.
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But the hymen doesn't
have to break at all.
have to break at all.
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The hymen is like a scrunchie
in function as well as in looks.
in function as well as in looks.
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And you can stretch a scrunchie, right?
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(Laughter)
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You can stretch a hymen, too.
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In fact, it's very elastic.
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And for a lot of women,
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the hymen will be elastic enough
to handle a vaginal intercourse
to handle a vaginal intercourse
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without sustaining any damage.
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For other women, the hymen may tear a bit
to make room for the penis,
to make room for the penis,
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but that won't make it disappear.
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But it may look
a bit different from before.
a bit different from before.
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It naturally follows
that you can't examine the hymen
that you can't examine the hymen
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to check for virginity status.
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This was noted over 100 years ago in 1906
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by the Norwegian doctor Marie Jeancet.
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She examined a middle-aged sex worker
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and concluded that her genitalia
were reminiscent of a teenage virgin.
were reminiscent of a teenage virgin.
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But that makes sense, right?
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Because if her hymen
was never damaged during sex,
was never damaged during sex,
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then what were we expecting to see?
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ESD: Since hymens come
in every shape and form,
in every shape and form,
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it is difficult to know
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if a dent or a fold in it is there
because of previous damage
because of previous damage
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or if it's just a normal
anatomical variant.
anatomical variant.
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The absurdity of virgin testing
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is illustrated in a study
done on 36 pregnant teenagers.
done on 36 pregnant teenagers.
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When doctors examined their hymens,
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they could only find
clear signs of penetration
clear signs of penetration
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in two out of the 36 girls.
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So unless you believe
in 34 cases of virgin births --
in 34 cases of virgin births --
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(Laughter)
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we must all agree
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that also our second myth
has taken a vital blow.
has taken a vital blow.
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You simply cannot look a woman
between her legs
between her legs
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and read her sexual story.
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NDB: Like most myths,
the myths about the hymen are untrue.
the myths about the hymen are untrue.
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There is no virgin seal
that magically disappears after sex,
that magically disappears after sex,
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and half of virgins
can easily have sex without bleeding.
can easily have sex without bleeding.
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We wish we could say
that by removing these myths,
that by removing these myths,
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everything would be OK,
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that shame, harm and honor killings
would all just disappear.
would all just disappear.
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But of course, it's not that simple.
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Sexual oppression of women
comes from something much deeper
comes from something much deeper
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than a simple anatomical misunderstanding
about the properties of the hymen.
about the properties of the hymen.
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It's a question of cultural and religious
control of women's sexuality.
control of women's sexuality.
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And that is much harder to change.
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But we must try.
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ESD: As medical professionals,
this is our contribution.
this is our contribution.
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We want every girl, parent
and [future] husband to know
and [future] husband to know
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what the hymen is and how it works.
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We want them to know
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that the hymen can't be used
as a proof of virginity.
as a proof of virginity.
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And that way, we can remove
one of the most powerful tools
one of the most powerful tools
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used to control young women today.
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After telling you this,
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you may wonder what the alternative is,
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for if we cannot use the hymen
as a proof of virginity for women,
as a proof of virginity for women,
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then what should we use?
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We opt for using nothing.
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(Cheering)
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If you --
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(Applause)
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If you really want to know
if a woman is a virgin or not,
if a woman is a virgin or not,
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ask her.
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(Laughter)
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But how she answers
that question is her choice.
that question is her choice.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Nina Dølvik Brochmann - Doctor, writerNina Dølvik Brochmann, M.D. wants to empower women through good sexual education.
Why you should listen
Nina Dølvik Brochmann, M.D. is spreading medical expertise and enthusiasm for sexual health as a teacher for teenagers, sex workers and refugees. With her collaborator Ellen Støkken Dahl, she has built up one of Norway’s most popular health blogs, Underlivet (The Life Below/The Genitals). After being frustrated by the amount of medical misconceptions and shame that surrounded the female body, she and Dahl wrote the popular science book, The Wonder Down Under: The Insider's Guide to the Anatomy, Biology, and Reality of the Vagina. This humorous and non-judgmental medical guidebook to the female genitalia has taken the world by storm and is currently being translated into more than 30 languages. She has a B.A. in political science from Columbia University (CC '10), and she currently works as doctor and writer based in Oslo, Norway.
Nina Dølvik Brochmann | Speaker | TED.com
Ellen Støkken Dahl - Medical student, writer
Ellen Støkken Dahl is spreading medical expertise and enthusiasm for sexual health as a teacher for teenagers, sex workers and refugees.
Why you should listen
Ellen Støkken Dahl wishes to empower women through good sexual education. With her collaborator Nina Dølvik Brochmann, she has built up one of Norway’s most popular health blogs, Underlivet (The Life Below/The Genitals). After being frustrated by the amount of medical misconceptions and shame that surrounded the female body, she and Brochmann wrote the popular science book, The Wonder Down Under: The Insider's Guide to the Anatomy, Biology, and Reality of the Vagina. This humorous and non-judgmental medical guidebook to the female genitalia has taken the world by storm and is currently being translated into more than 30 languages. She currently works as doctor and writer based in Oslo, Norway.
Ellen Støkken Dahl | Speaker | TED.com