TEDxUofT
Matt Russo: What does the universe sound like? A musical tour
Matt Russo: Como soa o universo? Unha xira musical
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É de verdade o espazo exterior o sitio silencioso e inerte que a miúdo imaxinamos? Quizais non. O astrofísico e músico Matt Russo lévanos nunha viaxe a través do cosmos, descubrindo os ritmos ocultos e as harmonías das órbitas planetarias. O universo está cheo de música, di, só temos que aprender a escoitala.
Matt Russo - Astrophysicist, musician
Matt Russo is an astrophysicist and musician who translates the rhythm and harmony of the cosmos into music and sound. Full bio
Matt Russo is an astrophysicist and musician who translates the rhythm and harmony of the cosmos into music and sound. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'd like you all
to close your eyes, please ...
to close your eyes, please ...
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Gustaríame que pechásedes os ollos...
00:17
and imagine yourself sitting
in the middle of a large, open field
in the middle of a large, open field
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Imaxinádevos sentados
no medio dun gran campo aberto
no medio dun gran campo aberto
co sol poñéndose á vosa dereita.
00:21
with the sun setting on your right.
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E mentres se pon,
00:24
And as the sun sets,
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imaxinade que esta noite
non só vedes as estrelas xurdir
non só vedes as estrelas xurdir
00:25
imagine that tonight
you don't just see the stars appear,
you don't just see the stars appear,
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00:28
but you're able to hear the stars appear
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senón que podedes oílas xurdir:
00:30
with the brightest stars
being the loudest notes
being the loudest notes
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as estrelas máis relucentes
son as notas máis altas
son as notas máis altas
00:33
and the hotter, bluer stars
producing the higher-pitched notes.
producing the higher-pitched notes.
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as máis quentes e azuis
son as máis agudas.
son as máis agudas.
00:37
(Music)
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(Música)
00:59
And since each constellation
is made up of different types of stars,
is made up of different types of stars,
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Como cada constelación está feita
de distintos tipos de estrelas,
de distintos tipos de estrelas,
01:03
they'll each produce
their own unique melody,
their own unique melody,
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cada unha vai producir unha melodía única,
01:05
such as Aries, the ram.
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como Aries, o carneiro.
(Música)
01:11
(Music)
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01:13
Or Orion, the hunter.
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Ou Orión, o cazador.
01:15
(Music)
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(Música)
01:19
Or even Taurus, the bull.
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Ou mesmo Tauro, o touro.
(Música)
01:20
(Music)
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01:26
We live in a musical universe,
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Vivimos nun universo musical
01:28
and we can use that to experience
it from a new perspective,
it from a new perspective,
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e podemos usalo para experimentalo
cunha nova perspectiva
cunha nova perspectiva
01:32
and to share that perspective
with a wider range of people.
with a wider range of people.
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e compartir esa perspectiva
cun abano máis grande de xente.
cun abano máis grande de xente.
Vóuvolo explicar.
01:36
Let me show you what I mean.
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(A música remata)
01:37
(Music ends)
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Cando digo que son astrofísico
01:38
Now, when I tell people
I'm an astrophysicist,
I'm an astrophysicist,
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a xente impresiónanse bastante.
01:41
they're usually pretty impressed.
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E logo digo que tamén son músico
e eles: "Ah, claro".
e eles: "Ah, claro".
01:42
And then I say I'm also a musician --
they're like, "Yeah, we know."
they're like, "Yeah, we know."
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(Risos)
01:45
(Laughter)
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Así que parece que todos saben
01:46
So everyone seems to know
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que hai unha conexión profunda
entre música e astronomía.
entre música e astronomía.
01:48
that there's this deep connection
between music and astronomy.
between music and astronomy.
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De feito, é unha idea moi vella;
01:51
And it's actually a very old idea;
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ten máis de 2000 anos, desde Pitágoras.
01:52
it goes back over 2,000 years
to Pythagoras.
to Pythagoras.
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01:55
You might remember Pythagoras
from such theorems
from such theorems
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Lembraredes a Pitágoras por teoremas como
o teorema de Pitágoras.
01:58
as the Pythagorean theorem --
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(Risos)
02:00
(Laughter)
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El dixo:
02:01
And he said:
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"Hai xeometría no soar das cordas,
02:03
"There is geometry
in the humming of the strings,
in the humming of the strings,
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02:06
there is music in the spacing
of the spheres."
of the spheres."
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hai música no espazo das esferas."
El pensaba, literalmente,
02:08
And so he literally thought
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que o movemento dos planetas
pola esfera celeste
pola esfera celeste
02:10
that the motions of the planets
along the celestial sphere
along the celestial sphere
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creaba música harmoniosa.
02:12
created harmonious music.
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02:15
And if you asked him,
"Why don't we hear anything?"
"Why don't we hear anything?"
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E se lle preguntarades
por que non oídes nada,
por que non oídes nada,
diría que non o oídes
02:17
he'd say you can't hear it
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porque non sabedes como é non oílo;
02:18
because you don't know
what it's like to not hear it;
what it's like to not hear it;
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non coñecedes o silencio real.
02:21
you don't know what true silence is.
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Coma cando tedes
que quedar sen electricidade
que quedar sen electricidade
02:23
It's like how you have to wait
for your power to go out
for your power to go out
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para oír o molesto que era o frigorífico.
02:25
to hear how annoying
your refrigerator was.
your refrigerator was.
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Talvez o credes
02:28
Maybe you buy that,
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pero non moita xente o cría,
como Aristóteles.
como Aristóteles.
02:29
but not everybody else was buying it,
including such names as Aristotle.
including such names as Aristotle.
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02:34
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
Palabras exactas.
02:37
Exact words.
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(Risos)
02:38
(Laughter)
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Parafraseando as palabras exactas.
02:39
So I'll paraphrase his exact words.
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Dixo que era unha boa idea
02:41
He said it's a nice idea,
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02:42
but if something as large and vast
as the heavens themselves
as the heavens themselves
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pero que se algo tan amplo e vasto
como o ceo
como o ceo
se movese e fixese ruído,
02:45
were moving and making sounds,
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02:47
it wouldn't just be audible,
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non sería audible,
02:48
it would be earth-shatteringly loud.
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sería abouxador.
02:51
We exist, therefore
there is no music of the spheres.
there is no music of the spheres.
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Nós existimos, polo tanto,
non existe a música das esferas.
non existe a música das esferas.
02:55
He also thought that the brain's
only purpose was to cool down the blood,
only purpose was to cool down the blood,
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Tamén pensaba que o único fin do cerebro
era arrefriar o sangue,
era arrefriar o sangue,
así que...
02:59
so there's that ...
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(Risos)
03:00
(Laughter)
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Pero gustaríame ensinarvos que,
en certa maneira, os dous tiñan razón.
en certa maneira, os dous tiñan razón.
03:01
But I'd like to show you that in some way
they were actually both right.
they were actually both right.
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E imos comezar por entender por que
a música é musical.
a música é musical.
03:05
And we're going to start by understanding
what makes music musical.
what makes music musical.
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03:10
It may sound like a silly question,
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Pode parecer unha parvada,
03:12
but have you ever wondered why it is
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pero, pensastes algunha vez por que
03:13
that certain notes, when played together,
sound relatively pleasing or consonant,
sound relatively pleasing or consonant,
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certas notas, cando se tocan xuntas,
soan relativamente ben ou consoantes,
soan relativamente ben ou consoantes,
como estas dúas...
03:18
such as these two --
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(Música)
03:19
(Music)
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mentres que outras soan
máis tensas ou disonantes,
máis tensas ou disonantes,
03:22
while others are
a lot more tense or dissonant,
a lot more tense or dissonant,
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como estas dúas...
03:24
such as these two.
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03:26
(Music)
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(Música)
Non?
03:28
Right?
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Por que pasa isto? Por que hai notas?
03:29
Why is that? Why are there notes at all?
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Por que entoamos ou non?
03:31
Why can you be in or out of tune?
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03:33
Well, the answer to that question
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A resposta a esta pregunta
03:35
was actually solved by Pythagoras himself.
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atopouna o mesmo Pitágoras.
03:40
Take a look at the string on the far left.
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Mirade a corda da esquerda de todo.
03:43
If you bow that string,
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Se a pulsades,
produce unha nota ao abanear
rapidamente adiante a atrás.
rapidamente adiante a atrás.
03:45
it will produce a note as it oscillates
very fast back and forth.
very fast back and forth.
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03:49
(Musical note)
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(nota musical)
Pero agora se cortades a corda en dous,
tedes dúas cordas,
tedes dúas cordas,
03:52
But now if you cut the string in half,
you'll get two strings,
you'll get two strings,
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cada unha abaneando o dobre de rápido.
03:55
each oscillating twice as fast.
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03:57
And that will produce a related note.
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E iso produce unha nota relacionada.
04:00
Or three times as fast,
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Ou tres veces máis rápida,
04:03
or four times --
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ou catro veces...
04:04
(Musical notes)
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(Notas musicais)
04:11
And so the secret to musical harmony
really is simple ratios:
really is simple ratios:
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E así o segredo da harmonía musical
é só unha proporción:
é só unha proporción:
04:15
the simpler the ratio,
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canto máis simple é a proporción,
04:17
the more pleasing or consonant
those two notes will sound together.
those two notes will sound together.
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máis agradables ou consoantes
son as dúas notas xuntas.
son as dúas notas xuntas.
Canto máis complexa é a proporción,
máis disonantes soarán.
máis disonantes soarán.
04:20
And the more complex the ratio,
the more dissonant they will sound.
the more dissonant they will sound.
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E esta interacción
entre tensión e liberación
entre tensión e liberación
04:23
And it's this interplay
between tension and release,
between tension and release,
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04:26
or consonance and dissonance,
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ou entre consonancia e disonancia,
04:28
that makes what we call music.
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é o que fai o que chamamos música.
04:31
(Music)
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(Música)
04:46
(Music ends)
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(Remata a música)
04:47
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
Grazas.
04:48
Thank you.
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(Aplausos)
04:50
(Applause)
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Pero hai máis.
04:53
But there's more.
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04:55
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
04:57
So the two features of music
we like to think of as pitch and rhythms,
we like to think of as pitch and rhythms,
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As dúas características da música,
ton e ritmo,
ton e ritmo,
05:01
they're actually two versions
of the same thing,
of the same thing,
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son en realidade dúas versións
do mesmo,
do mesmo,
05:04
and I can show you.
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e podo mostrárvolo.
05:05
(Slow rhythm)
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(Ritmo baixo)
05:06
That's a rhythm right?
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Iso é un ritmo, non?
05:09
Watch what happens when we speed it up.
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Mirade o que pasa se o aceleramos.
05:11
(Rhythm gets gradually faster)
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(O ritmo aumenta)
05:14
(High pitch)
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(Ton alto)
05:18
(Lowering pitch)
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(Ton descendente)
05:21
(Slow Rhythm)
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(Ritmo lento)
05:25
So once a rhythm starts happening
more than about 20 times per second,
more than about 20 times per second,
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Así que cando o ritmo se repite
máis de 20 veces por segundo,
máis de 20 veces por segundo,
o voso cerebro cambia.
05:28
your brain flips.
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05:29
It stops hearing it as a rhythm
and starts hearing it as a pitch.
and starts hearing it as a pitch.
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Deixa de oílo como un ritmo
e comeza a oílo como un ton.
e comeza a oílo como un ton.
05:34
So what does this have to do
with astronomy?
with astronomy?
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E que ten que ver isto coa astronomía?
Aí é cando chegamos ao sistema TRAPPIST-1.
05:36
Well, that's when we get
to the TRAPPIST-1 system.
to the TRAPPIST-1 system.
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05:40
This is an exoplanetary system
discovered last February of 2017,
discovered last February of 2017,
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Este sistema exoplanetario
descubriuse en febreiro de 2017,
descubriuse en febreiro de 2017,
05:46
and it got everyone excited
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e todo o mundo se emocionou
05:47
because it is seven Earth-sized planets
all orbiting a very near red dwarf star.
all orbiting a very near red dwarf star.
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porque son 7 planetas do tamaño da Terra
orbitando unha estrela anana vermella.
orbitando unha estrela anana vermella.
E cremos que 3 dos planetas
05:52
And we think that three of the planets
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teñen a temperatura xusta
para auga líquida.
para auga líquida.
05:54
have the right temperature
for liquid water.
for liquid water.
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Tamén está tan cerca que nos próximos anos
05:56
It's also so close
that in the next few years,
that in the next few years,
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deberiamos poder detectar
elementos nas súas atmosferas
elementos nas súas atmosferas
05:58
we should be able to detect
elements in their atmospheres
elements in their atmospheres
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como osíxeno e metano,
signos potenciais de vida.
signos potenciais de vida.
06:01
such as oxygen and methane --
potential signs of life.
potential signs of life.
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06:05
But one thing about
the TRAPPIST system is that it is tiny.
the TRAPPIST system is that it is tiny.
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Pero o sistema TRAPPIST é diminuto.
06:09
So here we have the orbits
of the inner rocky planets
of the inner rocky planets
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Aquí temos as órbitas
dos planetas rochosos interiores
dos planetas rochosos interiores
no noso sistema solar:
06:12
in our solar system:
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Mercurio, Venus, a Terra e Marte,
06:13
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars,
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e os 7 planetas do tamaño da Terra
de TRAPPIST-1
de TRAPPIST-1
06:14
and all seven Earth-sized
planets of TRAPPIST-1
planets of TRAPPIST-1
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06:17
are tucked well inside
the orbit of Mercury.
the orbit of Mercury.
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caben dentro da órbita de Mercurio.
06:21
I have to expand this by 25 times
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Teño que expandir isto 25 veces
06:23
for you to see the orbits
of the TRAPPIST-1 planets.
of the TRAPPIST-1 planets.
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para que vexades as órbitas
dos planetas de TRAPPIST-1.
dos planetas de TRAPPIST-1.
06:28
It's actually much more similar in size
to our planet Jupiter and its moons,
to our planet Jupiter and its moons,
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É moito máis parecido en tamaño
ao noso planeta Xúpiter e ás súas lúas,
ao noso planeta Xúpiter e ás súas lúas,
06:32
even though it's seven
Earth-size planets orbiting a star.
Earth-size planets orbiting a star.
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aínda que son 7 planetas como a Terra
orbitando unha estrela.
orbitando unha estrela.
06:36
Another reason this got everyone excited
was artist renderings like this.
was artist renderings like this.
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Outra razón que emocionou a todos foron
interpretacións artísticas como esta.
interpretacións artísticas como esta.
06:42
You got some liquid water,
some ice, maybe some land,
some ice, maybe some land,
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Hai algo de auga líquida, algo de xeo,
talvez algunha terra,
talvez algunha terra,
06:45
maybe you can go for a dive
in this amazing orange sunset.
in this amazing orange sunset.
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quizais poidamos mergullarnos
neste marabilloso solpor.
neste marabilloso solpor.
06:49
It got everyone excited,
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Todo o mundo se emocionou
06:51
and then a few months later,
some other papers came out
some other papers came out
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e uns meses máis tarde,
saíron outros artigos
saíron outros artigos
que dicían que probablemente
sería máis coma isto.
sería máis coma isto.
06:54
that said, actually,
it probably looks more like this.
it probably looks more like this.
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06:58
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
07:02
So there were signs
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Había sinais
07:04
that some of the surfaces
might actually be molten lava
might actually be molten lava
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de que algunhas das superficies
poderían ser lava fundida
poderían ser lava fundida
07:08
and that there were very damaging
X-rays coming from the central star --
X-rays coming from the central star --
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e que había raios x daniños
saíndo da estrela central,
saíndo da estrela central,
07:11
X-rays that will sterilize the surface
of life and even strip off atmospheres.
of life and even strip off atmospheres.
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raios x que esterilizarían a superficie
da vida e eliminarían atmosferas.
da vida e eliminarían atmosferas.
07:16
Luckily, just a few months ago in 2018,
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Afortunadamente, hai uns meses, en 2018,
07:19
some new papers came out
with more refined measurements,
with more refined measurements,
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saíron á luz algúns artigos
con medidas máis axustadas
con medidas máis axustadas
07:23
and they found actually
it does look something like that.
it does look something like that.
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e anunciaban que se parece a algo así.
(Risos)
07:26
(Laughter)
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07:28
So we now know that several of them
have huge supplies of water --
have huge supplies of water --
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Agora sabemos que varios deles
teñen enormes reservas de auga,
teñen enormes reservas de auga,
07:32
global oceans --
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océanos globais,
07:33
and several of them
have thick atmospheres,
have thick atmospheres,
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e varios teñen atmosferas densas,
07:36
so it's the right place to look
for potential life.
for potential life.
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así que é o sitio correcto para
buscar vida.
buscar vida.
07:40
But there's something even more
exciting about this system,
exciting about this system,
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Pero hai algo aínda máis
emocionante neste sistema,
emocionante neste sistema,
07:42
especially for me.
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especialmente para min.
07:44
And that's that TRAPPIST-1
is a resonant chain.
is a resonant chain.
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O TRAPPIST-1 é unha cadea resoante.
07:48
And so that means for every two orbits
of the outer planet,
of the outer planet,
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Iso significa que por cada 2 órbitas
dun planeta exterior,
dun planeta exterior,
07:51
the next one in orbits three times,
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o seguinte orbita 3 veces,
07:54
and the next one in four,
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e o seguinte 4,
07:56
and then six, nine, 15 and 24.
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e logo 6, 9, 15 e 24.
08:01
So you see a lot of very simple ratios
among the orbits of these planets.
among the orbits of these planets.
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Vemos moitas proporcións simples
entre a órbita deses planetas.
entre a órbita deses planetas.
08:06
Clearly, if you speed up their motion,
you can get rhythms, right?
you can get rhythms, right?
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Se aceleramos o movemento
podemos coller ritmos, non?
podemos coller ritmos, non?
Un pulso, por cada vez que
un planeta dá a volta.
un planeta dá a volta.
08:10
One beat, say, for every time
a planet goes around.
a planet goes around.
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08:12
But now we know if you speed
that motion up even more,
that motion up even more,
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Pero agora sabemos que se aceleramos
o movemento aínda máis,
o movemento aínda máis,
08:15
you'll actually produce musical pitches,
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producimos tons musicais,
e só neste caso
08:17
and in this case alone,
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08:20
those pitches will work together,
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eses tons funcionan xuntos,
08:21
making harmonious,
even human-like harmony.
even human-like harmony.
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e fan harmonías, case humanas.
08:25
So let's hear TRAPPIST-1.
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Imos oír TRAPPIST-1.
08:28
The first thing you'll hear will be
a note for every orbit of each planet,
a note for every orbit of each planet,
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O que primeiro ides oír é unha nota
por cada órbita de planeta
por cada órbita de planeta
e lembrade
08:32
and just keep in mind,
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08:34
this music is coming
from the system itself.
from the system itself.
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esta música vén do propio sistema.
Non estou creando tons ou ritmos,
08:36
I'm not creating the pitches or rhythms,
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08:38
I'm just bringing them
into the human hearing range.
into the human hearing range.
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só os estou traendo á capacidade
de audición humana.
de audición humana.
08:41
And after all seven planets have entered,
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E despois de que entren os 7 planetas,
ides ver,
08:43
you're going to see --
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08:44
well, you're going to hear a drum
for every time two planets align.
for every time two planets align.
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ides oír un tambor
cada vez que dous planetas se aliñan.
cada vez que dous planetas se aliñan.
08:48
That's when they kind of
get close to each other
get close to each other
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Isto é cando se achegan
e se dan, uns a outros,
un empurrón gravitacional.
un empurrón gravitacional.
08:50
and give each other a gravitational tug.
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08:57
(Tone)
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(Ton)
09:05
(Two tones)
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(Dous tons)
09:14
(Three tones)
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(Tres tons)
09:22
(Four tones)
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(Catro tons)
09:29
(Five tones)
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(Cinco tons)
09:37
(Six tones)
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(Seis tons)
09:45
(Seven tones)
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(Sete tons)
09:53
(Drum beats)
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(Son de tambor)
10:31
(Music ends)
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(A música remata)
10:32
And that's the sound of the star itself --
its light converted into sound.
its light converted into sound.
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E ese é o son da estrela,
a súa luz convertida en son.
a súa luz convertida en son.
10:37
So you may wonder
how this is even possible.
how this is even possible.
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Quizais vos preguntades como é posible.
10:40
And it's good to think
of the analogy of an orchestra.
of the analogy of an orchestra.
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É bo pensar na analoxía dunha orquestra,
10:44
When everyone gets together
to start playing in an orchestra,
to start playing in an orchestra,
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cando a xente se xunta
para tocar nunha orquestra,
para tocar nunha orquestra,
non poden chegar e tocar, non?
10:47
they can't just dive into it, right?
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Teñen que sintonizarse;
10:49
They have to all get in tune;
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teñen que asegurarse
10:50
they have to make sure
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de que os seus instrumentos están
aliñados cos do veciño.
aliñados cos do veciño.
10:51
their instruments resonate
with their neighbors' instruments,
with their neighbors' instruments,
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Algo parecido ocorreu
co TRAPPIST-1 ao comezo da súa existencia.
co TRAPPIST-1 ao comezo da súa existencia.
10:54
and something very similar happened
to TRAPPIST-1 early in its existence.
to TRAPPIST-1 early in its existence.
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Cando os planetas se formaron,
10:58
When the planets were first forming,
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11:00
they were orbiting within a disc of gas,
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orbitaban nun disco de gas.
11:03
and while inside that disc,
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Dentro dese disco,
11:05
they can actually slide around
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poden moverse
11:07
and adjust their orbits to their neighbors
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e axustar as súas órbitas
ás dos seus veciños
ás dos seus veciños
11:09
until they're perfectly in tune.
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ata que estean perfectamente sintonizados.
11:11
And it's a good thing they did
because this system is so compact --
because this system is so compact --
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E é bo que o fixeran
porque o seu sistema é moi compacto
porque o seu sistema é moi compacto
11:15
a lot of mass in a tight space --
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un montón de masa nun espazo estreito.
11:17
if every aspect of their orbits
wasn't very finely tuned,
wasn't very finely tuned,
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Se cada aspecto das súas órbitas
non estivera ben sintonizado,
non estivera ben sintonizado,
11:20
they would very quickly
disrupt each other's orbits,
disrupt each other's orbits,
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enseguida perturbarían
as órbitas dos outros,
as órbitas dos outros,
11:22
destroying the whole system.
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destruíndo todo o sistema.
11:24
So it's really music
that is keeping this system alive --
that is keeping this system alive --
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Así que é realmente a música
a que mantén vivo o sistema
a que mantén vivo o sistema
11:28
and any of its potential inhabitants.
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e calquera dos potenciais habitantes.
11:32
But what does our solar system sound like?
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E como soa o noso sistema solar?
11:36
I hate to be the one to show you this,
but it's not pretty.
but it's not pretty.
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Odio ser eu quen volo ensine
pero non é bonito.
pero non é bonito.
(Risos)
11:39
(Laughter)
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11:41
So for one thing,
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Para comezar,
11:43
our solar system
is on a much, much larger scale,
is on a much, much larger scale,
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o noso sistema solar
ten unha escala moito maior
ten unha escala moito maior
11:46
and so to hear all eight planets,
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e para oír os 8 planetas
11:47
we have to start with Neptune
near the bottom of our hearing range,
near the bottom of our hearing range,
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temos que comezar con Neptuno
no fondo do noso rango auditivo
no fondo do noso rango auditivo
e despois Mercurio está alá arriba
11:51
and then Mercury's going
to be all the way up
to be all the way up
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no bordo do noso rango auditivo.
11:53
near the very top of our hearing range.
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Como os nosos planetas
non son moi compactos,
non son moi compactos,
11:55
But also, since our planets
are not very compact --
are not very compact --
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11:57
they're very spread out --
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están esparexidos,
12:00
they didn't have to adjust
their orbits to each other,
their orbits to each other,
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non teñen que axustar as órbitas
uns aos outros,
uns aos outros,
así que tocan as súas notas aleatorias
en tempos aleatorios.
en tempos aleatorios.
12:02
so they're kind of just all playing
their own random note at random times.
their own random note at random times.
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Síntoo pero aquí vai.
12:06
So, I'm sorry, but here it is.
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12:09
(Tone)
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(Ton)
Iso é Neptuno.
12:11
That's Neptune.
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12:12
(Two tones)
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(Dous tons)
Urano.
12:13
Uranus.
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12:15
(Three tones)
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(Tres tons)
Saturno
12:17
Saturn.
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12:18
(Four tones)
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(Catro tons)
Xúpiter.
12:20
Jupiter.
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12:21
And then tucked in, that's Mars.
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E, aí no medio, Marte.
12:23
(Five tones)
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(Cinco tons)
A Terra.
12:24
(Six tones)
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(Seis tons)
12:26
Earth.
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(Sete tons)
12:27
(Seven tones)
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Venus
12:28
Venus.
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12:30
(Eight tones)
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(Oito tons)
E ese é Mercurio.
12:31
And that's Mercury --
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Está ben, vou parar.
12:33
OK, OK, I'll stop.
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(Risos)
12:34
(Laughter)
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12:36
So this was actually Kepler's dream.
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Así que isto era o soño de Kepler.
12:39
Johannes Kepler is the person
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Johannes Kepler foi a persoa
que propuxo as leis do
movemento planetario.
movemento planetario.
12:41
that figured out
the laws of planetary motion.
the laws of planetary motion.
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Estaba fascinado pola idea
12:43
He was completely fascinated by this idea
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dunha conexión entre música,
astronomía e xeometría.
astronomía e xeometría.
12:45
that there's a connection
between music, astronomy and geometry.
between music, astronomy and geometry.
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12:49
And so he actually spent an entire book
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E usou un libro enteiro
12:51
just searching for any kind of musical
harmony amongst the solar system's planets
harmony amongst the solar system's planets
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buscando calquera tipo de harmonía
musical entre os planetas do sistema solar
musical entre os planetas do sistema solar
12:56
and it was really, really hard.
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e era moi moi difícil.
12:59
It would have been much easier
had he lived on TRAPPIST-1,
had he lived on TRAPPIST-1,
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Sería moito máis fácil
se vivise en TRAPPIST-1,
se vivise en TRAPPIST-1,
13:02
or for that matter ...
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ou no
13:04
K2-138.
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K2-138.
13:07
This is a new system
discovered in January of 2018
discovered in January of 2018
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Este é un sistema novo
descuberto en xaneiro de 2018
descuberto en xaneiro de 2018
13:10
with five planets,
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con 5 planetas,
13:12
and just like TRAPPIST,
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e como TRAPPIST,
13:13
early on in their existence,
they were all finely tuned.
they were all finely tuned.
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desde moi axiña estaban ben sintonizados.
Estaban sintonizados
13:16
They were actually tuned
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nunha estrutura de tons
proposta por Pitágoras,
proposta por Pitágoras,
13:17
into a tuning structure
proposed by Pythagoras himself,
proposed by Pythagoras himself,
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hai uns 2000 anos.
13:20
over 2,000 years before.
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13:23
But the system's actually
named after Kepler,
named after Kepler,
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Pero chamáronlle Kepler ao sistema
13:26
discovered by the Kepler space telescope.
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que foi descuberto polo
telescopio espacial Kepler.
telescopio espacial Kepler.
13:28
And so, in the last few billion years,
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Nos últimos miles de millóns de anos,
13:30
they've actually lost their tuning,
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perderon a sintonía
máis do que o fixo TRAPPIST,
13:32
quite a bit more than TRAPPIST has,
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así que imos volver atrás no tempo
13:34
and so what we're going to do
is go back in time
is go back in time
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13:37
and imagine what
they would've sounded like
they would've sounded like
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e imaxinar como soarían
cando se formaron.
13:39
just as they were forming.
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14:02
(Music)
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(Música)
15:20
(Music ends)
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(A música remata)
15:22
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
15:30
Thank you.
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Grazas.
15:32
Now, you may be wondering:
How far does this go?
How far does this go?
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Seguro que vos preguntades
ata onde vai isto.
ata onde vai isto.
canta música hai aí fóra?
15:34
How much music actually is out there?
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Iso é o que me preguntaba
o pasado outono
o pasado outono
15:37
And that's what I was wondering last fall
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cando traballaba no planetario
da Universidade de Toronto
da Universidade de Toronto
15:39
when I was working
at U of T's planetarium,
at U of T's planetarium,
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15:41
and I was contacted by an artist
named Robyn Rennie and her daughter Erin.
named Robyn Rennie and her daughter Erin.
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e contactou comigo unha artista
chamada Robyn Rennie e a súa filla Erin.
chamada Robyn Rennie e a súa filla Erin.
15:46
Robyn loves the night sky,
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Robyn ama o ceo nocturno,
15:48
but she hasn't been able
to fully see it for 13 years
to fully see it for 13 years
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pero non pode velo desde hai 13 anos
15:51
because of vision loss.
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pola perda de visión.
15:53
And so they wondered
if there was anything I could do.
if there was anything I could do.
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Elas preguntábanse se había
algo que eu puidese facer.
algo que eu puidese facer.
15:55
So I collected all the sounds
I could think of from the universe
I could think of from the universe
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Así que collín todos os sons do universo
que se me ocorreron
que se me ocorreron
15:59
and packaged them into
what became "Our Musical Universe."
what became "Our Musical Universe."
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e xunteinos no que foi
o noso universo musical.
o noso universo musical.
16:04
This is a sound-based planetarium show
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É un espectáculo planetario
baseado no sonido
baseado no sonido
16:06
exploring the rhythm
and harmony of the cosmos.
and harmony of the cosmos.
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explorando o ritmo
e a harmonía do cosmos.
e a harmonía do cosmos.
16:10
And Robyn was so moved
by this presentation
by this presentation
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Robyn estaba tan emocionada por isto
16:12
that when she went home,
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que cando chegou á casa
16:13
she painted this gorgeous
representation of her experience.
representation of her experience.
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pintou esta fermosa representación
da súa experiencia
da súa experiencia
16:18
And then I defaced it
by putting Jupiter on it for the poster.
by putting Jupiter on it for the poster.
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que eu estraguei ao poñer
a Xúpiter para o cartel.
a Xúpiter para o cartel.
16:21
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
16:23
So ...
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Así que...,
16:27
in this show, I take people
of all vision levels
of all vision levels
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neste espectáculo, collo xente
de todos os niveis de visión
de todos os niveis de visión
16:30
and bring them on an audio tour
of the universe,
of the universe,
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e lévoos nunha xira auditiva
polo universo,
polo universo,
16:33
from the night sky all the way out
to the edge of the observable universe.
to the edge of the observable universe.
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desde o ceo nocturno ata o límite
do universo observable.
do universo observable.
16:38
But even this is just the start
of a musical odyssey
of a musical odyssey
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Isto é só o comezo dunha odisea musical
16:40
to experience the universe
with new eyes and with new ears,
with new eyes and with new ears,
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para experimentar o universo
con novos ollos e novos oídos
con novos ollos e novos oídos
16:44
and I hope you'll join me.
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e espero que vos unades.
16:46
Thank you.
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Grazas.
16:47
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Matt Russo - Astrophysicist, musicianMatt Russo is an astrophysicist and musician who translates the rhythm and harmony of the cosmos into music and sound.
Why you should listen
Matt Russo co-founded the art-science project SYSTEM Sounds and works to make astronomy more accessible to the visually impaired. His work has been featured in the New York Times, and he will lead an orchestra in an upcoming BBC documentary on the TRAPPIST-1 planetary system. He is currently a professor at Seneca College in Toronto, Canada, where he teaches a course on the deep connections between music and astronomy.
Matt Russo | Speaker | TED.com