TED2017
Helen Pearson: Lessons from the longest study on human development
Helen Pirson (Helen Pearson): Lekcije iz najdužeg istraživanja ljudskog razvoja
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U proteklih 70 godina, naučnici u Britaniji su izučavali na hiljade dece tokom njihovih života, kako bi otkrili zašto neka postanu srećna i zdrava, dok se druga muče. To je najduže istraživanje ljudskog razvoja u svetu, i dalo je neke od najizučavanijih ljudi na planeti, istovremeno menjajući način na koji živimo, učimo i bavimo se roditeljstvom. Osvrćući se na ovo izuzetno istraživanje, novinarka nauke Helen Pirson deli neka važna otkrića i proste istine o životu i dobrom roditeljstvu.
Helen Pearson - Science journalist, editor, author
Helen Pearson's book, "The Life Project," tells the extraordinary story of the longest-running study of human development in the world. Full bio
Helen Pearson's book, "The Life Project," tells the extraordinary story of the longest-running study of human development in the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Today I want to confess something to you,
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Danas želim nešto da vam priznam,
00:17
but first of all I'm going to ask you
a couple of questions.
a couple of questions.
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ali ću prvo da vam postavim
nekoliko pitanja.
nekoliko pitanja.
00:20
How many people here have children?
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Koliko vas ovde ima decu?
00:23
And how many of you are confident
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A koliko vas je ubeđeno
00:25
that you know how
to bring up your children
to bring up your children
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da znate kako da podižete svoju decu
00:27
in exactly the right way?
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baš na pravi način?
00:28
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:32
OK, I don't see too many hands
going up on that second one,
going up on that second one,
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U redu, ne vidim da se previše ruku
podiže na drugo pitanje,
podiže na drugo pitanje,
00:35
and that's my confession, too.
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a to je i moje priznanje.
00:36
I've got three boys;
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Imam tri dečaka;
00:38
they're three, nine and 12.
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imaju tri, devet i 12 godina.
00:39
And like you, and like most parents,
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I poput vas, kao i poput
većine reoditelja,
većine reoditelja,
00:42
the honest truth is I have
pretty much no idea what I'm doing.
pretty much no idea what I'm doing.
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iskreno da vam kažem,
pojma nemam šta radim.
pojma nemam šta radim.
00:45
I want them to be
happy and healthy in their lives,
happy and healthy in their lives,
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Želim im da budu srećni i zdravi u životu,
00:48
but I don't know what I'm supposed to do
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ali ne znam šta bi trebalo da uradim
00:50
to make sure they are happy and healthy.
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da se postaram da budu srećni i zdravi.
00:52
There's so many books
offering all kinds of conflicting advice,
offering all kinds of conflicting advice,
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Ima toliko knjiga koje nude
razne suprotstavljene savete,
razne suprotstavljene savete,
00:55
it can be really overwhelming.
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zaista može da bude parališuće.
00:56
So I've spent most of their lives
just making it up as I go along.
just making it up as I go along.
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Pa sam provela veći deo njihovih života
snalazeći se korak po korak.
snalazeći se korak po korak.
01:01
However, something changed me
a few years ago,
a few years ago,
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Međutim, nešto me je promenilo
pre nekoliko godina,
pre nekoliko godina,
01:04
when I came across a little secret
that we have in Britain.
that we have in Britain.
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kada sam naišla na malu tajnu
koja postoji kod nas u Britaniji.
koja postoji kod nas u Britaniji.
01:07
It's helped me become more confident
about how I bring up my own children,
about how I bring up my own children,
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Pomoglo mi je da budem samopouzdanija
kod tog kako podižem svoju decu,
kod tog kako podižem svoju decu,
01:10
and it's revealed a lot about
how we as a society can help all children.
how we as a society can help all children.
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i otkrilo je mnogo o tome kako mi
kao društvo možemo da pomognemo svoj deci.
kao društvo možemo da pomognemo svoj deci.
01:14
I want to share that secret
with you today.
with you today.
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Želim sa vama da podelim tu tajnu.
01:18
For the last 70 years,
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U proteklih 70 godina,
01:20
scientists in Britain have been following
thousands of children through their lives
thousands of children through their lives
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naučnici u Britaniji su pratili
na hiljade dece tokom njihovog života,
na hiljade dece tokom njihovog života,
01:24
as part of an incredible scientific study.
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kao deo neverovatnog naučnog istraživanja.
01:27
There's nothing quite like it
anywhere else in the world.
anywhere else in the world.
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Ništa slično ne postoji u svetu.
01:30
Collecting information
on thousands of children
on thousands of children
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Sakupljanje informacija o hiljadama dece
01:33
is a really powerful thing to do,
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je zaista moćna stvar
jer to znači da možemo
uporediti one koji, recimo,
uporediti one koji, recimo,
01:34
because it means we can compare
the ones who say,
the ones who say,
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01:37
do well at school or end up healthy
or happy or wealthy as adults,
or happy or wealthy as adults,
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su dobri u školi ili završe kao zdravi
ili srećni ili imućni odrasli,
ili srećni ili imućni odrasli,
01:40
and the ones who struggle much more,
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i one koji se mnogo više muče,
01:42
and then we can sift through
all the information we've collected
all the information we've collected
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a potom možemo da pročešljamo
sve informacije koje smo sakupili
sve informacije koje smo sakupili
i da pokušamo da otkrijemo
zašto su im životi različito ispali.
zašto su im životi različito ispali.
01:45
and try to work out why
their lives turned out different.
their lives turned out different.
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01:48
This British study --
it's actually a kind of crazy story.
it's actually a kind of crazy story.
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Ovo britansko istraživanje -
zapravo se radi o šašavoj priči.
zapravo se radi o šašavoj priči.
01:51
So it all starts back in 1946,
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Dakle, sve počinje 1946,
01:53
just a few months
after the end of the war,
after the end of the war,
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svega nekoliko meseci po okončanju rata,
01:55
when scientists wanted to know
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kada su se naučnici zapitali
01:57
what it was like for a woman
to have a baby at the time.
to have a baby at the time.
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kako je tada bilo ženama
koje su imale bebu.
koje su imale bebu.
02:00
They carried out
this huge survey of mothers
this huge survey of mothers
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Sproveli su obimnu anketu među majkama
02:03
and ended up recording the birth
of nearly every baby
of nearly every baby
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i na kraju su zabeležili
rođenje skoro svake bebe
rođenje skoro svake bebe
02:06
born in England, Scotland
and Wales in one week.
and Wales in one week.
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rođene u Engleskoj, Škotskoj
i Velsu tokom jedne nedelje.
i Velsu tokom jedne nedelje.
02:09
That was nearly 14,000 babies.
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Radilo se o skoro 14.000 beba.
02:12
The questions they asked these women
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Pitanja koja su pitali ove žene
02:14
are very different than the ones
we might ask today.
we might ask today.
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se veoma razlikuju od onih
koje bismo danas pitali.
koje bismo danas pitali.
02:16
They sound really old-fashioned now.
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Sada zvuče zaista zastarelo.
02:18
They asked them things like,
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Pitali su ih stvari poput:
02:19
"During pregnancy,
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"Tokom trudnoće,
02:21
did you get your full extra ration
of a pint of milk a day?"
of a pint of milk a day?"
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da li ste dobijali puno dodatno sledovanje
od pola litra mleka na dan?"
od pola litra mleka na dan?"
02:25
"How much did you spend
on smocks, corsets,
on smocks, corsets,
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"Koliko ste trošili na bluze, korsete,
02:28
nightdresses, knickers and brassieres?"
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spavaćice, gaćice i brushaltere?"
02:32
And this is my favorite one:
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A ovo mi je omiljeno:
02:34
"Who looked after your husband
while you were in bed with this baby?"
while you were in bed with this baby?"
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"Ko je pazio vašeg muža
dok ste bili u krevetu s bebom?"
dok ste bili u krevetu s bebom?"
02:37
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:42
Now, this wartime study
actually ended up being so successful
actually ended up being so successful
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Sad, ovo ratno istraživanje
je na kraju bilo toliko uspešno
je na kraju bilo toliko uspešno
02:45
that scientists did it again.
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da su ga naučnici ponovili.
02:47
They recorded the births
of thousands of babies born in 1958
of thousands of babies born in 1958
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Zabeležili su rođenje
hiljada beba rođenih 1958.
hiljada beba rođenih 1958.
02:50
and thousands more in 1970.
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i još na hiljadu rođenih 1970.
02:53
They did it again in the early 1990s,
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Ponovili su to ranih 1990-ih
02:55
and again at the turn of the millennium.
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i ponovo početkom milenijuma.
02:57
Altogether, more than 70,000 children
have been involved in these studies
have been involved in these studies
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Sveukupno, više od 70.000 dece
je uključeno u ova istraživanja,
je uključeno u ova istraživanja,
03:00
across those five generations.
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u ovih pet generacija.
03:02
They're called the British birth cohorts,
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Nazivaju ih britanskom kohortom rođenih,
03:05
and scientists have gone back
and recorded more information
and recorded more information
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a naučnici su se vratili
i zabeležili još informacija
i zabeležili još informacija
03:07
on all of these people
every few years ever since.
every few years ever since.
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o svim ovim ljudima
na svake dve godine.
na svake dve godine.
03:11
The amount of information
that's now been collected on these people
that's now been collected on these people
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Količina informacija
koja je sakupljena o ovim ljudima
koja je sakupljena o ovim ljudima
03:14
is just completely mind-boggling.
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je prosto zapanjujuća.
03:15
It includes thousands
of paper questionnaires
of paper questionnaires
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Uključuje na hiljade upitnika na papiru
03:18
and terabytes' worth of computer data.
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i terabajte kompjuterskih informacija.
03:20
Scientists have also built up
a huge bank of tissue samples,
a huge bank of tissue samples,
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Naučnici su takođe sagradili
ogromnu banku uzoraka tkiva,
ogromnu banku uzoraka tkiva,
03:23
which includes locks of hair,
nail clippings, baby teeth and DNA.
nail clippings, baby teeth and DNA.
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koja uključuje pramenove kose,
isečke noktiju, mlečne zube i DNK.
isečke noktiju, mlečne zube i DNK.
03:28
They've even collected 9,000 placentas
from some of the births,
from some of the births,
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Čak su i sakupili 9.000 posteljica
od nekih porođaja,
od nekih porođaja,
03:33
which are now pickled in plastic buckets
in a secure storage warehouse.
in a secure storage warehouse.
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koje su trenutno pasterizovane
u plastičnim kofama u bezbednom skladištu.
u plastičnim kofama u bezbednom skladištu.
Čitav ovaj projekat je postao jedinstven -
03:38
This whole project has become unique --
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03:40
so, no other country in the world
is tracking generations of children
is tracking generations of children
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dakle, ne, nijedna država na svetu
ne prati generacije dece
ne prati generacije dece
03:43
in quite this detail.
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ovako detaljno.
03:45
These are some of the best-studied
people on the planet,
people on the planet,
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Spadaju među najizučavanije
ljude na planeti,
ljude na planeti,
03:48
and the data has become
incredibly valuable for scientists,
incredibly valuable for scientists,
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a ovi podaci su postali
izuzetno vredni naučnicima,
izuzetno vredni naučnicima,
03:51
generating well over 6,000
academic papers and books.
academic papers and books.
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proizveli su preko 6000
akademskih radova i knjiga.
akademskih radova i knjiga.
03:56
But today I want to focus
on just one finding --
on just one finding --
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Ali danas želim da se usredsredim
samo na jedno otkriće -
samo na jedno otkriće -
03:59
perhaps the most important discovery
to come from this remarkable study.
to come from this remarkable study.
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možda najvažnije otkriće koje
je proisteklo iz ove izvanredne studije.
je proisteklo iz ove izvanredne studije.
04:03
And it's also the one
that spoke to me personally,
that spoke to me personally,
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A to otkriće je i mene lično dotaklo
04:06
because it's about how to use science
to do the best for our children.
to do the best for our children.
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jer se radi o tome kako da koristite nauku
da uradite najbolje za vašu decu.
da uradite najbolje za vašu decu.
04:10
So, let's get the bad news
out of the way first.
out of the way first.
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Dakle, prvo ćemo da se rešimo loših vesti.
04:14
Perhaps the biggest message
from this remarkable study is this:
from this remarkable study is this:
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Verovatno najveća pouka
iz ovog izvanrednog istraživanja je:
iz ovog izvanrednog istraživanja je:
04:18
don't be born into poverty
or into disadvantage,
or into disadvantage,
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nemojte da se rodite
u siromaštvu ili oskudici
u siromaštvu ili oskudici
04:21
because if you are,
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jer, ako se to desi,
04:22
you're far more likely
to walk a difficult path in life.
to walk a difficult path in life.
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veća je verovatnoća
da ćete ići težim putem kroz život.
da ćete ići težim putem kroz život.
Mnoga deca iz ovog istraživanja
su rođena u siromašnim porodicama
su rođena u siromašnim porodicama
04:26
Many children in this study
were born into poor families
were born into poor families
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04:29
or into working-class families that had
cramped homes or other problems,
cramped homes or other problems,
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ili u porodicama radničke klase koje
su imale tesne domove ili druge probleme,
su imale tesne domove ili druge probleme,
04:33
and it's clear now
that those disadvantaged children
that those disadvantaged children
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i sada je jasno
da su se ova neprivilegovana deca
da su se ova neprivilegovana deca
04:35
have been more likely to struggle
on almost every score.
on almost every score.
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češće mučila skoro na svakom koraku.
04:38
They've been more likely
to do worse at school,
to do worse at school,
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Veća je verovatnoća
da su bili lošiji đaci,
da su bili lošiji đaci,
da su završili sa lošijim poslovima
i zarađivali manje novca.
i zarađivali manje novca.
04:41
to end up with worse jobs
and to earn less money.
and to earn less money.
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04:44
Now, maybe that sounds really obvious,
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Sad, to možda zvuči očigledno,
04:46
but some of the results
have been really surprising,
have been really surprising,
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ali neki rezultati
su zaista bili iznenađujući,
su zaista bili iznenađujući,
04:48
so children who had a tough start in life
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dakle, deca koja su imala težak početak
04:50
are also more likely to end up
unhealthy as adults.
unhealthy as adults.
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takođe su na kraju postajala
odrasli lošijeg zdravlja.
odrasli lošijeg zdravlja.
04:53
They're more likely to be overweight,
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Skloniji su gojaznosti,
04:55
to have high blood pressure,
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visokom krvnom pritisku,
04:56
and then decades down the line,
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a decenijama kasnije,
04:58
more likely to have a failing memory,
poor health and even to die earlier.
poor health and even to die earlier.
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skloniji su tome da ih izdaje pamćenje,
loše zdravlje, pa čak i da ranije umru.
loše zdravlje, pa čak i da ranije umru.
05:05
Now, I talked about what happens later,
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Sad, govorila sam o tome
šta se dešava kasnije,
šta se dešava kasnije,
05:08
but some of these differences emerge
at a really shockingly early age.
at a really shockingly early age.
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ali neke od ovih razlika se pojavljuju
u iznenađujuće ranom uzrastu.
u iznenađujuće ranom uzrastu.
05:12
In one study,
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U jednom istraživanju,
05:13
children who were growing up in poverty
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deca koja su odrastala u siromaštvu
05:15
were almost a year behind
the richer children on educational tests,
the richer children on educational tests,
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su na obrazovnim testovima zaostajala
skoro godinu iza bogatije dece,
skoro godinu iza bogatije dece,
05:19
and that was by the age of just three.
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a radi se o uzrastu od svega tri godine.
05:22
These types of differences have been found
again and again across the generations.
again and again across the generations.
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Ovaj tip razlika je otkriven
iznova i iznova širom generacija.
iznova i iznova širom generacija.
05:26
It means that our early circumstances
have a profound influence
have a profound influence
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To znači da naše rane okolnosti
imaju suštinski uticaj
imaju suštinski uticaj
05:29
on the way that the rest
of our lives play out.
of our lives play out.
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na to kako će se odigrati
ostatak naših života.
ostatak naših života.
05:32
And working out why that is
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A otkrivanje zašto je to tako
05:33
is one of the most difficult questions
that we face today.
that we face today.
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je jedno od najtežih pitanja
s kojim smo trenutno suočeni.
s kojim smo trenutno suočeni.
05:37
So there we have it.
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Dakle, eto ga.
05:39
The first lesson for successful life,
everyone, is this:
everyone, is this:
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Prva lekcija za uspešan život,
pazite, je sledeća:
pazite, je sledeća:
05:42
choose your parents very carefully.
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veoma oprezno birajte roditelje.
05:44
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:45
Don't be born into a poor family
or into a struggling family.
or into a struggling family.
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Ne rađajte se u siromašnoj porodici
ili u oskudnoj porodici.
ili u oskudnoj porodici.
05:49
Now, I'm sure you can see
the small problem here.
the small problem here.
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Sad, sigurna sam da ovde
zapažate maleni problem.
zapažate maleni problem.
05:52
We can't choose our parents
or how much they earn,
or how much they earn,
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Ne možemo da biramo roditelje
ili koliko će da zarađuju,
ili koliko će da zarađuju,
05:55
but this British study has also struck
a real note of optimism
a real note of optimism
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ali ovo britansko istraživanje je takođe
imalo notu optimizma,
imalo notu optimizma,
05:58
by showing that not everyone
who has a disadvantaged start
who has a disadvantaged start
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pokazujući da nisu svi
koji su imali neprivilegovan početak
koji su imali neprivilegovan početak
06:02
ends up in difficult circumstances.
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završili u teškim okolnostima.
Kao što znate, mnogi ljudi
imaju težak početak života,
imaju težak početak života,
06:05
As you know, many people
have a tough start in life,
have a tough start in life,
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06:07
but they end up doing very well
on some measure nevertheless,
on some measure nevertheless,
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ali im na kraju ipak bude dobro
do neke mere,
do neke mere,
06:10
and this study starts to explain how.
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a ovo istraživanje objašnjava kako.
06:13
So the second lesson is this:
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Dakle, sledeća lekcija je:
06:15
parents really matter.
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roditelji su zaista važni.
06:17
In this study,
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U ovom istraživanju,
deca angažovanih,
zainteresovanih roditelja,
zainteresovanih roditelja,
06:19
children who had engaged,
interested parents,
interested parents,
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06:21
ones who had ambition for their future,
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onih koji su bili ambiciozni
za budućnost dece,
za budućnost dece,
06:23
were more likely to escape
from a difficult start.
from a difficult start.
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bila su sklonija tome da izbegnu
posledice teškog početka.
posledice teškog početka.
06:26
It seems that parents and what they do
are really, really important,
are really, really important,
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Čini se da su roditelji i njihovi postupci
zaista, zaista važni,
zaista, zaista važni,
06:30
especially in the first few years of life.
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naročito tokom prvih
nekoliko godina života.
nekoliko godina života.
06:32
Let me give you an example of that.
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Daću vam primer za to.
06:34
In one study,
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U jednom istraživanju,
06:35
scientists looked at about 17,000 children
who were born in 1970.
who were born in 1970.
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naučnici su posmatrali oko 17.000 dece
koja su rođena 1970.
koja su rođena 1970.
06:40
They sifted all the mountains of data
that they had collected
that they had collected
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Pročešljali su brda podataka
koje su sakupili
koje su sakupili
06:43
to try to work out
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kako bi otkrili
06:45
what allowed the children
who'd had a difficult start in life
who'd had a difficult start in life
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šta je omogućilo deci
koja su imala težak početak života
koja su imala težak početak života
06:47
to go on and do well
at school nevertheless.
at school nevertheless.
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da svejedno budu dobri đaci.
06:50
In other words, which ones beat the odds.
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Drugim rečima, šta je pobedilo statistiku.
06:52
The data showed that what mattered
more than anything else was parents.
more than anything else was parents.
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Podaci su pokazali
da su roditelji važniji od svega drugog.
da su roditelji važniji od svega drugog.
06:56
Having engaged, interested parents
in those first few years of life
in those first few years of life
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Imati angažovane, zainteresovane roditelje
u prvih nekoliko godina života
u prvih nekoliko godina života
06:59
was strongly linked to children going on
to do well at school later on.
to do well at school later on.
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je čvrsto povezano
sa kasnijim dečjim uspehom u školi.
sa kasnijim dečjim uspehom u školi.
07:04
In fact, quite small things
that parents do
that parents do
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Zapravo, prilično sitne stvari
koje roditelji rade
koje roditelji rade
07:07
are associated with good
outcomes for children.
outcomes for children.
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su povezane sa dobrim ishodima kod dece.
07:10
Talking and listening to a child,
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Razgovaranje i slušanje deteta,
07:12
responding to them warmly,
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pružanje toplog odgovora,
07:14
teaching them their letters and numbers,
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podučavanje slovima i brojevima,
07:16
taking them on trips and visits.
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odvođenje na putovanja i u posete.
07:17
Reading to children every day
seems to be really important, too.
seems to be really important, too.
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Svakodnevno čitanje deci
se takođe čini prilično važnim.
se takođe čini prilično važnim.
07:21
So in one study,
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Dakle, u jednom istraživanju,
deca čiji su roditelji im čitali
svakodnevno kada im je bilo pet godina
svakodnevno kada im je bilo pet godina
07:22
children whose parents were reading
to them daily when they were five
to them daily when they were five
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07:26
and then showing an interest
in their education at the age of 10,
in their education at the age of 10,
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i potom su pokazivali interesovanje
za njihovo obrazovanje u 10. godini
za njihovo obrazovanje u 10. godini
07:29
were significantly less likely
to be in poverty at the age of 30
to be in poverty at the age of 30
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značajno su imali manje šanse
da žive u siromaštvu sa 30 godina
da žive u siromaštvu sa 30 godina
07:33
than those whose parents
weren't doing those things.
weren't doing those things.
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od onih čiji roditelji nisu radili sve to.
07:37
Now, there are huge challenges
with interpreting this type of science.
with interpreting this type of science.
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Sad, postoje ogromni izazovi
pri tumačenju ovog vida nauke.
pri tumačenju ovog vida nauke.
Ova istraživanja pokazuju
da određene stvari koje roditelji rade
da određene stvari koje roditelji rade
07:41
These studies show
that certain things that parents do
that certain things that parents do
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07:44
are correlated with good
outcomes for children,
outcomes for children,
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su povezane sa dobrim ishodima za decu,
07:46
but we don't necessarily know
those behaviors caused the good outcomes,
those behaviors caused the good outcomes,
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ali mi nužno ne znamo da li su ta
ponašanja uzrokovala dobre ishode
ponašanja uzrokovala dobre ishode
07:50
or whether some other factor
is getting in the way.
is getting in the way.
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ili se neki drugi faktor našao na putu.
07:52
For example, we have to take
genes into account,
genes into account,
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Na primer, moramo da uzmemo u obzir gene,
07:54
and that's a whole other talk in itself.
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a to je samo po sebi neki drugi govor.
No naučnici koji rade
na ovoj britanskoj studiji,
na ovoj britanskoj studiji,
07:57
But scientists working
with this British study
with this British study
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07:59
are working really hard to get at causes,
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rade zaista vredno da pronađu uzroke,
a evo jednog istraživanja
koje naročito volim.
koje naročito volim.
08:01
and this is one study I particularly love.
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08:03
In this one,
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1182
U njemu
08:05
they looked at the bedtime routines
of about 10,000 children
of about 10,000 children
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su posmatrali rutine pred spavanje
oko 10.000 dece
oko 10.000 dece
08:08
born at the turn of the millennium.
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rođene početkom ovog milenijuma.
08:09
Were the children going to bed
at regular times,
at regular times,
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Da li su deca išla u krevet
uvek u isto vreme
uvek u isto vreme
08:12
or did they go to bed
at different times during the week?
at different times during the week?
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ili su išla u krevet
u različito vreme tokom nedelje?
u različito vreme tokom nedelje?
08:15
The data showed that those children
who were going to bed at different times
who were going to bed at different times
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Podaci su pokazali da su ona deca
koja su išla u krevet u različito vreme
koja su išla u krevet u različito vreme
08:18
were more likely
to have behavioral problems,
to have behavioral problems,
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bila sklonija problematičnom ponašanju,
08:21
and then those that switched
to having regular bedtimes
to having regular bedtimes
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2709
a ona koja su se prebacila
na ustaljen odlazak u krevet
na ustaljen odlazak u krevet
08:23
often showed an improvement in behavior,
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su često pokazivala napredak u ponašanju,
a to je bilo zaista krucijalno
08:26
and that was really crucial,
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1356
08:27
because it suggested
it was the bedtime routines
it was the bedtime routines
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jer je nagoveštavalo
da rutine pripreme za krevet
da rutine pripreme za krevet
08:29
that were really helping things
get better for those kids.
get better for those kids.
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zaista pomažu da se stvari
poprave za tu decu.
poprave za tu decu.
08:33
Here's another one to think about.
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Evo još jednog za razmišljanje.
08:34
In this one,
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1158
U ovom istraživanju,
08:36
scientists looked at children
who were reading for pleasure.
who were reading for pleasure.
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naučnici su posmatrali decu
koja su čitala iz zadovoljstva.
koja su čitala iz zadovoljstva.
08:39
That means that they picked up
a magazine, a picture book, a story book.
a magazine, a picture book, a story book.
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To znači da bi uzeli časopis,
slikovnicu, priče za decu.
slikovnicu, priče za decu.
08:43
The data showed that children
who were reading for pleasure
who were reading for pleasure
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Podaci su pokazali da deca
koja su čitala iz zadovoljstva
koja su čitala iz zadovoljstva
08:46
at the ages of five and 10
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u uzrastu od pet do deset godina,
08:48
were more likely to go on in school
better, on average,
better, on average,
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2896
imala su više šanse u proseku
da imaju bolji uspeh u školi,
da imaju bolji uspeh u školi,
08:51
on school tests later in their lives.
187
519807
1971
na školskim testovima kasnije u životu.
08:53
And not just tests of reading,
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I ne samo na testovima iz čitanja,
08:55
but tests of spelling and maths as well.
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2140
već i na testovima sricanja i matematike.
Istraživanje je pokušalo da kontroliše
sve zbunjujuće faktore,
sve zbunjujuće faktore,
08:58
This study tried to control
for all the confounding factors,
for all the confounding factors,
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2810
09:01
so it looked at children
who were equally intelligent
who were equally intelligent
191
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2484
pa je posmatralo decu
koja su podjednako inteligentna
koja su podjednako inteligentna
09:03
and from the same social-class background,
192
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2032
i imaju isto socio-klasno poreklo,
09:05
so it seemed as if it was the reading
which really helped those children
which really helped those children
193
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3383
pa se činilo kao da je čitanje
to što je zaista pomoglo deci
to što je zaista pomoglo deci
09:09
go on and score better on those
school tests later in their lives.
school tests later in their lives.
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3143
da imaju bolje rezultate na testovima
kasnije u njihovom životu.
kasnije u njihovom životu.
09:13
Now at the start,
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Sad, na početku
sam rekla prvu lekciju
iz ovog istraživanja
iz ovog istraživanja
09:14
I said the first lesson from this study
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542951
1949
09:16
was not to be born into poverty
or into disadvantage,
or into disadvantage,
197
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da se ne treba roditi
u siromaštvu ili oskudici
u siromaštvu ili oskudici
09:19
because those children tend to follow
more difficult paths in their lives.
more difficult paths in their lives.
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jer ta deca često idu
težim putem u životu.
težim putem u životu.
09:23
But then I said that parenting matters,
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2237
Ali sam zatim rekla
da je roditeljstvo važno
da je roditeljstvo važno
i da dobro roditeljstvo,
ako ga tako nazovete,
ako ga tako nazovete,
09:25
and that good parenting,
if you can call it that,
if you can call it that,
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2302
09:27
helps children beat the odds
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1336
pomaže deci da pobede statistiku
09:29
and overcome some
of those early disadvantages.
of those early disadvantages.
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i prevaziđu neke od tih ranih nedostataka.
09:31
So wait,
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1325
Dakle, čekajte,
09:33
does that actually mean, then,
that poverty doesn't matter after all?
that poverty doesn't matter after all?
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3344
da li to onda zapravo znači da siromaštvo
naposletku uopšte nije važno?
naposletku uopšte nije važno?
09:38
You could argue it doesn't matter
if a child is born poor --
if a child is born poor --
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3012
Možete da tvrdite da nije važno,
ako se dete rodi siromašno -
ako se dete rodi siromašno -
09:41
as long as their parents are good parents,
they're going to do just fine.
they're going to do just fine.
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3721
dokle god ima dobre roditelje,
biće mu sasvim dobro.
biće mu sasvim dobro.
09:44
I don't believe that's true.
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1407
Ne verujem da je to tačno.
09:46
This study shows that poverty
and parenting matter.
and parenting matter.
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2511
Istraživanje pokazuje
da su važni i siromaštvo i roditeljstvo.
da su važni i siromaštvo i roditeljstvo.
A jedno istraživanje
je zapravo to procenilo,
je zapravo to procenilo,
09:49
And one study actually
put figures on that,
put figures on that,
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2000
09:51
so it looked at children
growing up in persistent poverty
growing up in persistent poverty
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2699
pa je posmatralo decu
koja su odrastala u trajnom siromaštvu
koja su odrastala u trajnom siromaštvu
09:54
and how well they were doing at school.
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2069
i kako im je išlo u školi.
09:56
The data showed
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1151
Podaci su pokazali
09:57
that even when their parents
were doing everything right --
were doing everything right --
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2856
da čak i kad su njihovi roditelji
sve radili kako treba -
sve radili kako treba -
10:00
putting them to bed on time
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1302
slali ih u krevet na vreme
10:01
and reading to them every day
and everything else --
and everything else --
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2437
i čitali im svakodnevno i sve ostalo -
10:04
that only got those children so far.
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1833
to je tek toliko uticalo na decu.
10:06
Good parenting only reduced
the educational gap
the educational gap
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2969
Dobro roditeljstvo je samo umanjilo
obrazovni jaz
obrazovni jaz
10:09
between the rich and poor children
by about 50 percent.
by about 50 percent.
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3013
između bogate i siromašne dece
za oko 50 procenata.
za oko 50 procenata.
10:13
Now that means that poverty
leaves a really lasting scar,
leaves a really lasting scar,
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601472
4151
Sad, to znači da siromaštvo
ostavlja zaista trajan ožiljak,
ostavlja zaista trajan ožiljak,
10:17
and it means that if we really want
to ensure the success and well-being
to ensure the success and well-being
220
605647
3382
i znači da ako zaista želimo
da obezbedimo uspeh i dobrobit
da obezbedimo uspeh i dobrobit
10:21
of the next generation,
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1437
sledeće generacije,
10:22
then tackling child poverty
is an incredibly important thing to do.
is an incredibly important thing to do.
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3888
onda je bavljenje dečjim siromaštvom
neverovatno važan postupak.
neverovatno važan postupak.
10:27
Now, what does all this mean
for you and me?
for you and me?
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615882
2388
Sad, šta sve ovo znači za vas i mene?
Šta iz ovog možemo
da naučimo i da primenimo?
da naučimo i da primenimo?
10:30
Are there lessons here
we can all take home and use?
we can all take home and use?
224
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2430
10:32
As a scientist and a journalist,
225
620748
1530
Kao naučnica i novinarka,
10:34
I like to have some science
to inform my parenting ...
to inform my parenting ...
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2548
volim kad mi nauka
potkrepljuje roditeljstvo...
potkrepljuje roditeljstvo...
10:37
and I can tell you that when
you're shouting at your kids
you're shouting at your kids
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2757
i mogu da vam kažem da kad vičete na decu
10:40
to go to bed on time,
228
628693
1260
da idu u krevet na vreme,
10:41
it really helps to have
the scientific literature on your side.
the scientific literature on your side.
229
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3032
zaista pomaže kad imate
naučnu literaturu na vašoj strani.
naučnu literaturu na vašoj strani.
10:45
(Laughter)
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1019
(Smeh)
10:46
And wouldn't it be great to think
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1603
I zar ne bi bila sjajna pomisao
10:47
that all we had to do to have
happy, successful children
happy, successful children
232
635703
2709
da sve što je potrebno
da bismo imali srećnu, uspešnu decu
da bismo imali srećnu, uspešnu decu
10:50
was to talk to them,
be interested in their future,
be interested in their future,
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638436
2699
jeste da pričate s njima, budete
zainteresovani za njihovu budućnost,
zainteresovani za njihovu budućnost,
10:53
put them to bed on time,
and give them a book to read?
and give them a book to read?
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641159
2574
stavljate ih u krevet na vreme
dajete im knjige da čitaju?
dajete im knjige da čitaju?
10:55
Our job would be done.
235
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1150
Naš posao bi bio završen.
10:57
Now, as you can imagine,
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1469
Kao što pretpostavljate,
10:58
the answers aren't quite
as simple as that.
as simple as that.
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3209
odgovori nisu ni blizu tako jednostavni.
11:02
For one thing, this study
looks at what happens
looks at what happens
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2191
Prvo, ovo istraživanje
posmatra šta se dešava
posmatra šta se dešava
11:04
to thousands and thousands
of children on average,
of children on average,
239
652310
2421
hiljadama i hiljadama dece u proseku,
11:06
but that doesn't necessarily say
what will help my child or your child
what will help my child or your child
240
654755
3598
ali to nužno ne govori
šta bi pomoglo mom ili vašem detetu
šta bi pomoglo mom ili vašem detetu
11:10
or any individual child.
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1737
ili bilo kom detetu pojedinačno.
11:12
In the end, each of our children
is going to walk their own path,
is going to walk their own path,
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3208
Konačno, svako naše dete
će da prati sopstvenu stazu,
će da prati sopstvenu stazu,
11:15
and that's partly defined
by the genes they inherit
by the genes they inherit
243
663370
2579
a ona je delimično određena
genima koje nasleđuju
genima koje nasleđuju
11:17
and of course all the experiences
they have through their lives,
they have through their lives,
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665973
3001
i, naravno, svim iskustvima
koja budu imali u životu,
koja budu imali u životu,
11:20
including their interactions
with us, their parents.
with us, their parents.
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668998
2452
uključujući interakciju s nama,
njihovim roditeljima.
njihovim roditeljima.
11:23
I will tell you what I did
after I learned all this.
after I learned all this.
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2455
Reći ću vam šta sam uradila,
nakon što sam ovo saznala.
nakon što sam ovo saznala.
11:25
It's a bit embarrassing.
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673953
1150
Malo me je sramota.
11:27
I realized I was so busy working,
248
675952
2473
Shvatila sam da sam bila
toliko zauzeta radeći,
toliko zauzeta radeći,
11:30
and ironically,
249
678449
1159
i, ironično,
11:31
learning and writing about this incredible
study of British children,
study of British children,
250
679632
3584
učeći i pišući o ovom neverovatnom
istraživanju britanske dece,
istraživanju britanske dece,
11:35
that there were days when I hardly
even spoke to my own British children.
even spoke to my own British children.
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da je bilo dana kad jedva da sam i
govorila sa sopstvenom britanskom decom.
govorila sa sopstvenom britanskom decom.
11:39
So at home, we introduced talking time,
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Pa smo kod kuće uveli vreme za razgovor,
11:41
which is just 15 minutes
at the end of the day
at the end of the day
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a to je svega 15 minuta na kraju dana
11:43
when we talk and listen to the boys.
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kada razgovaramo i slušamo dečake.
11:46
I try better now to ask them
what they did today,
what they did today,
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Sad se više trudim da ih pitam
šta su radili danas,
šta su radili danas,
11:50
and to show that I value
what they do at school.
what they do at school.
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i da pokažem da cenim njihov trud u školi.
11:52
Of course, I make sure
they always have a book to read.
they always have a book to read.
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Naravno da se staram
da uvek imaju knjigu za čitanje.
da uvek imaju knjigu za čitanje.
11:55
I tell them I'm ambitious
for their future,
for their future,
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Govorim im da imam ambicije
za njihovu budućnost
za njihovu budućnost
11:57
and I think they can be happy
and do great things.
and do great things.
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i smatram da mogu da budu srećni
i postignu velike stvari.
i postignu velike stvari.
12:02
I don't know that any of that
will make a difference,
will make a difference,
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Ne znam da li će išta od toga
da bude značajno,
da bude značajno,
12:04
but I'm pretty confident
it won't do them any harm,
it won't do them any harm,
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ali sam prilično sigurna
da neće da im škodi,
da neće da im škodi,
12:07
and it might even do them some good.
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a možda im čak i pomogne malo.
12:09
Ultimately, if we want happy children,
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Naposletku, ako želimo srećnu decu,
12:12
all we can do is listen to the science,
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sve što možemo je da slušamo nauku
12:14
and of course,
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i, naravno,
12:15
listen to our children themselves.
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da slušamo i samu decu.
12:17
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Helen Pearson - Science journalist, editor, authorHelen Pearson's book, "The Life Project," tells the extraordinary story of the longest-running study of human development in the world.
Why you should listen
In March 1946, scientists began tracking almost every British baby born in a single week. What they discovered would change how we are born, grow up, raise children, live and die. Helen Pearson's 2016 book, The Life Project, is the story of this incredible project and the remarkable discoveries that have come from it. It was named best science book of the year by The Observer and was a book of the year for The Economist.
As Chief Magazine Editor for the world’s leading science journal, Nature, Pearson oversees all its journalism and opinion content. Her own stories have won accolades including the 2010 Wistar Institute Science Journalism Award and two best feature awards from the Association of British Science Writers.
Helen Pearson | Speaker | TED.com