ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Josette Sheeran - Anti-hunger leader
Our generation is the first in history with enough resources to eradicate hunger worldwide. Josette Sheeran, the former head of the UN World Food Programme, shares a plan.

Why you should listen

When Josette Sheeran was the executive director of the United Nations World Food Programme, based in Rome, she oversaw the largest humanitarian agency fighting hunger around the globe. Every year, the program feeds more than 90 million people, including victims of war and natural disasters, families affected by HIV/AIDS, and schoolchildren in poor communities.

Sheeran believes that hunger and poverty must and can be solved through both immediate actions and long-term policies. At the Millennium Development Goal Summit in 2010, she outlined 10 ways the world can end hunger. They include providing school meals, connecting small farmers to markets, empowering women and building the resiliency of vulnerable communities.

Sheeran has a long history of helping others. Prior to joining the UN in 2007, Sheeran was the Under Secretary for Economic, Energy and Agricultural Affairs at the US Department of State, where she frequently focused on economic diplomacy to help emerging nations move toward self-sufficiency and prosperity. She put together several initiatives to bring US aid to the Middle East. She also served as Deputy US Trade Representative, helping African nations develop their trade capacity.

She says: "I think we can, in our lifetime, win the battle against hunger because we now have the science, technology, know-how, and the logistics to be able to meet hunger where it comes. Those pictures of children with swollen bellies will be a thing of history."

More profile about the speaker
Josette Sheeran | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Josette Sheeran: Ending hunger now

乔瑟特·希兰Josette Sheeran:终结饥饿

Filmed:
949,398 views

联合国世界粮食计划署长乔瑟特·希兰讲述为何在粮食供应充足的当下,人们仍然经受饥饿,仍然死于粮食匮乏,仍然使用粮食作为战争的武器。她的理想是:粮食问题不能靠个人力量来解决。我们必须联合起来。
- Anti-hunger leader
Our generation is the first in history with enough resources to eradicate hunger worldwide. Josette Sheeran, the former head of the UN World Food Programme, shares a plan. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Well after many许多 years年份 working加工 in trade贸易 and economics经济学,
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在从事经济和贸易的工作多年以后,
00:18
four years年份 ago,
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四年前,
00:20
I found发现 myself working加工 on the front面前 lines线
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我开始投身于
00:22
of human人的 vulnerability漏洞.
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人类脆弱领域的前线。
00:25
And I found发现 myself in the places地方
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我发现在我身处的地方,
00:27
where people are fighting战斗 every一切 day to survive生存
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人们每天为生存而斗争
00:30
and can't even obtain获得 a meal膳食.
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但仍然不能吃上一顿饭。
00:34
This red cup杯子 comes from Rwanda卢旺达
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这个红色的杯子来自卢旺达,
00:36
from a child儿童 named命名 Fabian法比安.
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来自一名叫Fabian的孩子。
00:38
And I carry携带 this around
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我到哪里都带着它
00:40
as a symbol符号, really, of the challenge挑战
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真的,把它作为一个挑战
00:42
and also the hope希望.
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以及希望的象征。
00:44
Because one cup杯子 of food餐饮 a day
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因为每天这样一杯的粮食
00:46
changes变化 Fabian'sFabian的 life completely全然.
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完全地改变着Fabian的生活。
00:49
But what I'd like to talk about today今天
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但今天我要讲述的是这样一个事实:
00:52
is the fact事实 that this morning早上,
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今天早上
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about a billion十亿 people on Earth地球 --
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地球上大约有10亿人
00:57
or one out of every一切 seven --
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也就是七份之一的人口
00:59
woke醒来 up and didn't even know
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醒来却不知道
01:01
how to fill this cup杯子.
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怎样能填满这样一个杯子。
01:03
One out of every一切 seven people.
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七份之一的人口。
01:07
First, I'll ask you: Why should you care关心?
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首先,我会问你们为什么应该关心这个问题?
01:09
Why should we care关心?
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为什么我们应该关心?
01:11
For most people,
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对于大部分人来说,
01:13
if they think about hunger饥饿,
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当他们想到饥饿,
01:15
they don't have to go far back on their own拥有 family家庭 history历史 --
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他们不用回想到很久远的家族历史来追忆一段捱饿的经历--
01:18
maybe in their own拥有 lives生活, or their parents'父母' lives生活,
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这段经历也许就发生在他们自身,他们的父母,
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or their grandparents'祖父母' lives生活 --
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或是他们祖父母
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to remember记得 an experience经验 of hunger饥饿.
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的一生中。
01:25
I rarely很少 find an audience听众
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我很少能从观众中
01:27
where people can go back very far without that experience经验.
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找到有人能追溯到很久远却没有这样的经历。
01:30
Some are driven驱动 by compassion同情,
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有些人是出于同情心,
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feel it's perhaps也许
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觉得这也许是
01:34
one of the fundamental基本的 acts行为 of humanity人性.
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人类基本的行为。
01:36
As Gandhi甘地 said,
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就像甘地说的,
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"To a hungry饥饿 man, a piece of bread面包 is the face面对 of God."
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“对于一个饥饿的人来说,一块面包就像是上帝的面孔。”
01:42
Others其他 worry担心 about peace和平 and security安全,
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其他人担心世界的和平,安全
01:45
stability稳定性 in the world世界.
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与稳定。
01:47
We saw the food餐饮 riots暴动 in 2008,
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当粮食价格在一夜之间番倍,
01:50
after what I call the silent无声 tsunami海啸 of hunger饥饿
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一场在我看来是无声的饥饿海啸席卷全球,
01:53
swept风靡 the globe地球 when food餐饮 prices价格 doubled翻倍 overnight过夜.
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随之我们看到2008年的粮食暴动。
01:56
The destabilizing不稳定 effects效果 of hunger饥饿
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饥饿的不定影响
01:59
are known已知 throughout始终 human人的 history历史.
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在人类史上众所周知。
02:01
One of the most fundamental基本的 acts行为 of civilization文明
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而人类文明其中最基本的行为之一
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is to ensure确保 people can get enough足够 food餐饮.
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是保障人们能够获得足够的食物。
02:07
Others其他 think about Malthusian马尔萨斯 nightmares噩梦.
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有些人会想起马尔萨斯的噩梦。
02:11
Will we be able能够 to feed饲料 a population人口
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我们能够喂饱
02:14
that will be nine billion十亿 in just a few少数 decades几十年?
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那将要在几十年后就达到九十亿的人口吗?
02:17
This is not a negotiable面议 thing, hunger饥饿.
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饥饿,这不是一个可以谈判的话题。
02:19
People have to eat.
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人们需要吃上饭。
02:21
There's going to be a lot of people.
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而那将会是很多的人。
02:23
This is jobs工作 and opportunity机会 all the way up and down the value chain.
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这是贯穿于整个价值链的工作和机遇。
02:27
But I actually其实 came来了 to this issue问题
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但我其实是通过另一个方式
02:29
in a different不同 way.
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得到这个结论的。
02:32
This is a picture图片 of me and my three children孩子.
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这是我和我三个孩子的照片。
02:35
In 1987, I was a new mother母亲
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1987年,我刚成为
02:37
with my first child儿童
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我第一个孩子的母亲。
02:39
and was holding保持 her and feeding馈送 her
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就在我正抱着她喂哺她的时候,
02:42
when an image图片 very similar类似 to this
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一个跟这个画面十分相似的画面
02:45
came来了 on the television电视.
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出现在电视上。
02:48
And this was yet然而 another另一个 famine饥荒 in Ethiopia埃塞俄比亚.
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而这仅仅是发生在埃塞俄比亚的又一场饥荒。
02:51
One two years年份 earlier
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在那之前的一两年前的饥荒
02:53
had killed杀害 more than a million百万 people.
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已带走了超过百万人的生命。
02:56
But it never struck来袭 me as it did that moment时刻,
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但那给我带来的震撼却没有我看到那张照片时强烈,
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because on that image图片
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因为照片上
03:01
was a woman女人 trying to nurse护士 her baby宝宝,
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是一位母亲想要给她的孩子喂奶,
03:03
and she had no milk牛奶 to nurse护士.
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但她却没有奶去喂。
03:07
And the baby's宝宝 cry really penetrated渗透 me,
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而那个孩子的哭声真正的穿透了
03:10
as a mother母亲.
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作为母亲的我。
03:12
And I thought, there's nothing more haunting令人难以忘怀
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我想,没有任何东西比
03:14
than the cry of a child儿童
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一个孩子哭泣
03:16
that cannot不能 be returned with food餐饮 --
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却换不来食物更令人无法释怀的了--
03:21
the most fundamental基本的 expectation期望 of every一切 human人的 being存在.
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这是每一个人最基本的期望。
03:24
And it was at that moment时刻
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在那一时刻,
03:26
that I just was filled填充
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我心中充满了
03:29
with the challenge挑战 and the outrage暴行
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这样的挑战和愤怒 –
03:32
that actually其实 we know how to fix固定 this problem问题.
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我们其实知道怎样去解决这个问题。
03:34
This isn't one of those rare罕见 diseases疾病
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这不是那些稀有罕见的
03:36
that we don't have the solution for.
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不可救药的疾病。
03:39
We know how to fix固定 hunger饥饿.
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我们知道怎样解决饥饿问题。
03:41
A hundred years年份 ago, we didn't.
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一百年前,我们不知道。
03:43
We actually其实 have the technology技术 and systems系统.
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现在我们实际上具备相应的科技和系统。
03:46
And I was just struck来袭
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而令我惊讶的是,
03:49
that this is out of place地点.
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这个问题还没有被解决。
03:51
At our time in history历史, these images图片 are out of place地点.
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这些照片与历史上的今天格格不入。
03:54
Well guess猜测 what?
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你们猜猜看?
03:56
This is last week in northern北方 Kenya肯尼亚.
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这是上周在肯尼亚北部。
03:59
Yet然而 again,
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又一次的
04:01
the face面对 of starvation饥饿
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04:03
at large scale规模
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大规模的
04:05
with more than nine million百万 people
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九百万以上的人们面临着饥饿,
04:08
wondering想知道 if they can make it to the next下一个 day.
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不知道能不能熬到明天。
04:11
In fact事实,
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事实上,
04:13
what we know now
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我们知道
04:15
is that every一切 10 seconds
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每隔10秒
04:17
we lose失去 a child儿童 to hunger饥饿.
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就有一个孩子死于饥饿。
04:19
This is more
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这要高于
04:21
than HIVHIV/AIDS艾滋病,
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爱滋病,
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malaria疟疾 and tuberculosis结核 combined结合.
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疟疾和肺结核加在一起。
04:27
And we know that the issue问题
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而我们知道
04:29
is not just production生产 of food餐饮.
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这不仅是粮食生产的问题。
04:32
One of my mentors导师 in life
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我生命中的其中一位导师
04:34
was Norman诺曼 Borlaug博洛格, my hero英雄.
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是诺曼·布劳格Norman Borlaug,也是我的英雄。
04:37
But today今天 I'm going to talk about access访问 to food餐饮,
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但今天我要讲的是获得粮食的途径。
04:40
because actually其实 this year and last year
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因为在今年,去年
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and during the 2008 food餐饮 crisis危机,
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以及2008年粮食危机中,
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there was enough足够 food餐饮 on Earth地球
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地球上有足够的粮食
04:47
for everyone大家 to have 2,700 kilocalories千卡.
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来供应2700千焦卡路里给每一个人。
04:50
So why is it
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那么为什么
04:53
that we have a billion十亿 people
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我们还有十亿人口
04:55
who can't find food餐饮?
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得不到粮食供应呢?
04:57
And I also want to talk about
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我还想谈一下
04:59
what I call our new burden负担 of knowledge知识.
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所谓的知识的新重担。
05:01
In 2008,
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2008年,
05:03
Lancet柳叶刀 compiled编译 all the research研究
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Lancet收集所有的研究,
05:06
and put forward前锋 the compelling引人注目 evidence证据
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举出有说服力的证据来说明以下事实。
05:10
that if a child儿童 in its first thousand days --
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如果一个小孩在头一千天里,
05:13
from conception概念 to two years年份 old --
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也就是从怀孕到两岁,
05:16
does not have adequate充足 nutrition营养,
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没有得到足够的营养,
05:18
the damage损伤 is irreversible不可逆转.
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这样造成的伤害是不可逆转的。
05:20
Their brains大脑 and bodies身体 will be stunted发育不良.
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他们的脑部以及身体发育会受到阻碍。
05:23
And here you see a brain scan扫描 of two children孩子 --
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在这里你们可以看到两个小孩的脑扫描。
05:26
one who had adequate充足 nutrition营养,
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其中一小孩有足够的营养,
05:28
another另一个, neglected被忽视的
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另一小孩被忽视
05:30
and who was deeply malnourished营养不良.
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及极度缺乏营养。
05:32
And we can see brain volumes
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我们可以看到这些小孩的脑容量
05:34
up to 40 percent百分 less
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能比其他小孩
05:37
in these children孩子.
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少百分之四十。
05:39
And in this slide滑动
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在这一边
05:41
you see the neurons神经元 and the synapses突触 of the brain
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你们可以看到脑部的神经元和染色体
05:44
don't form形成.
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不能成形。
05:46
And what we know now is this has huge巨大 impact碰撞 on economies经济,
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我们现在知道这对经济有极大的影响。
05:49
which哪一个 I'll talk about later后来.
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这我会在后面讲述。
05:51
But also the earning盈利 potential潜在 of these children孩子
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这些小孩
05:54
is cut in half in their lifetime一生
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一生的潜在收入,
05:57
due应有 to the stunting发育迟缓
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由于头几年生长受到阻碍,
05:59
that happens发生 in early years年份.
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也被减少一半。
06:01
So this burden负担 of knowledge知识 drives驱动器 me.
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所以这知识的重担激励着我。
06:04
Because actually其实 we know how to fix固定 it
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因为实际上我们知道怎样
06:07
very simply只是.
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去简单的解决这个问题。
06:09
And yet然而, in many许多 places地方,
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但在很多地方,由于这一原因,
06:11
a third第三 of the children孩子,
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有三分之一的儿童
06:13
by the time they're three
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在满三岁时
06:15
already已经 are facing面对 a life of hardship
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就已经面临着
06:18
due应有 to this.
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充满艰辛的生活。
06:20
I'd like to talk about
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我想讲一下
06:22
some of the things I've seen看到 on the front面前 lines线 of hunger饥饿,
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我在饥饿的前线所看到的事情,
06:24
some of the things I've learned学到了
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和在转移我经济和贸易领域的知识
06:27
in bringing使 my economic经济 and trade贸易 knowledge知识
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以及私营企业的经验的过程中
06:30
and my experience经验 in the private私人的 sector扇形.
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学到的东西。
06:34
I'd like to talk about where the gap间隙 of knowledge知识 is.
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我想讲一下知识缺失在哪一环节。
06:37
Well first, I'd like to talk about the oldest最老的 nutritional营养 method方法 on Earth地球,
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首先,我想讲一下地球上最原始的获得营养的方式,
06:40
breastfeeding哺乳.
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母乳喂养。
06:42
You may可能 be surprised诧异 to know
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你也许会惊讶的发现,
06:45
that a child儿童 could be saved保存 every一切 22 seconds
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如果一个婴儿在出生后的头六个月内得到母乳喂养,
06:48
if there was breastfeeding哺乳 in the first six months个月 of life.
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那么每过22秒我们就可以挽回一个生命。
06:53
But in Niger尼日尔, for example,
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但比如说在尼日尔,
06:56
less than seven percent百分 of the children孩子
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低于百分之七的婴儿
06:58
are breastfed母乳喂养
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在出生后头六个月内
07:00
for the first six months个月 of life, exclusively.
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单单接受母乳哺育。
07:03
In Mauritania毛里塔尼亚, less than three percent百分.
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在毛里塔尼亚,这一数据低于百分之三。
07:07
This is something that can be transformed改造 with knowledge知识.
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这是知识可以改变的东西。
07:11
This message信息, this word, can come out
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这一条信息,这一个词,可以理解为
07:13
that this is not an old-fashioned过时 way of doing business商业;
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非老一套的做事方式;
07:16
it's a brilliant辉煌 way
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这是一个
07:18
of saving保存 your child's孩子的 life.
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拯救你孩子生命的非常聪明的办法。
07:20
And so today今天 we focus焦点 on not just passing通过 out food餐饮,
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所以今天我们不光注重于粮食的分发,
07:23
but making制造 sure the mothers母亲 have enough足够 enrichment丰富,
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也注重在保证母亲们有足够的营养补给,
07:26
and teaching教学 them about breastfeeding哺乳.
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以及教育她们关于母乳哺育的知识。
07:29
The second第二 thing I'd like to talk about:
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第二个我要讲的话题是,
07:31
If you were living活的 in a remote远程 village somewhere某处,
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如果你正住在某个边远的村庄,
07:33
your child儿童 was limp跛行,
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你的孩子是跛的,
07:35
and you were in a drought干旱, or you were in floods洪水,
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而你们又被困于一场旱灾或水灾,
07:38
or you were in a situation情况 where there wasn't adequate充足 diversity多样 of diet饮食,
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或者是你所在的条件不能给你提供营养足够多样化的饮食,
07:41
what would you do?
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你会怎么办?
07:43
Do you think you could go to the store商店
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你认为你能去商店里
07:45
and get a choice选择 of power功率 bars酒吧, like we can,
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像我们平常那样
07:48
and pick the right one to match比赛?
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买各种补充能量的食物以及选合适的来补给?
07:50
Well I find parents父母 out on the front面前 lines线
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我发现在饥饿第一线的父母们
07:53
very aware知道的 their children孩子 are going down for the count计数.
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十分清楚他们的孩子不能以此支撑下去。
07:56
And I go to those shops商店, if there are any,
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我会去那些商店,如果有商店的话,
07:59
or out to the fields领域 to see what they can get,
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或者去庄稼地里看他们能找到什么,
08:02
and they cannot不能 obtain获得 the nutrition营养.
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但他们什么营养品都找不到。
08:05
Even if they know what they need to do, it's not available可得到.
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即使他们知道他们需要什么,但那些东西却不可能得到。
08:08
And I'm very excited兴奋 about this,
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我对这个感到十分兴奋,
08:10
because one thing we're working加工 on
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因为我们正着手的其中一个项目
08:13
is transforming转型 the technologies技术
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是转变
08:16
that are very available可得到
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在食品工业
08:18
in the food餐饮 industry行业
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十分可行的科技,
08:20
to be available可得到 for traditional传统 crops作物.
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将其运用到传统的粮食作物。
08:23
And this is made制作 with chickpeas鹰嘴豆, dried milk牛奶
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这是完全根据脑部所需配制,用鹰嘴豆,烘干牛奶
08:26
and a host主办 of vitamins维生素,
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和一系列维他命
08:28
matched匹配 to exactly究竟 what the brain needs需求.
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制成的。
08:30
It costs成本 17 cents for us to produce生产 this
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这我所指的,人类的食粮,
08:33
as, what I call, food餐饮 for humanity人性.
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花费我们17美分来制造。
08:36
We did this with food餐饮 technologists技术专家
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我们同印度和巴基斯坦的食品科技人员
08:38
in India印度 and Pakistan巴基斯坦 --
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合作制成这个--
08:41
really about three of them.
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实际上他们大概只有三个人。
08:43
But this is transforming转型
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但这改变着
08:45
99 percent百分 of the kids孩子 who get this.
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百分之九十九的收到这个的孩子。
08:47
One package, 17 cents a day --
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只要这样一包,每天17美分,
08:50
their malnutrition营养不良 is overcome克服.
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他们的营养不良问题就被解决了。
08:52
So I am convinced相信
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所以我深信,
08:54
that if we can unlock开锁 the technologies技术
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如果我们能分享
08:57
that are commonplace平凡 in the richer更丰富 world世界
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在富有国家随处可见的科技
09:00
to be able能够 to transform转变 foods食品.
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用来转变粮食科技。
09:02
And this is climate-proof耐气候.
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而且这不受气候影响。
09:04
It doesn't need to be refrigerated冷藏, it doesn't need water,
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不需要冷藏,
09:06
which哪一个 is often经常 lacking不足.
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不需要经常稀缺的水。
09:08
And these types类型 of technologies技术,
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在我看来,
09:10
I see, have the potential潜在
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这类科技
09:12
to transform转变 the face面对 of hunger饥饿 and nutrition营养, malnutrition营养不良
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有改变第一线面临饥饿,
09:15
out on the front面前 lines线.
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营养以及营养不足的潜能。
09:18
The next下一个 thing I want to talk about is school学校 feeding馈送.
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下一个我要讲的话题是学校供膳。
09:20
Eighty八十 percent百分 of the people in the world世界
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世界上百分之八十的人口
09:22
have no food餐饮 safety安全 net.
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没有粮食安全网。
09:24
When disaster灾害 strikes罢工 --
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当灾难袭来,
09:27
the economy经济 gets得到 blown, people lose失去 a job工作,
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比如说经济崩溃,人们失去工作,
09:30
floods洪水, war战争, conflict冲突,
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遭遇洪水,战争,冲突,
09:32
bad governance治理, all of those things --
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政府治理不力,所有的这些,
09:34
there is nothing to fall秋季 back on.
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人们没有任何保障。
09:36
And usually平时 the institutions机构 --
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而通常
09:38
churches教堂, temples寺庙, other things --
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教堂,寺庙和其他机构
09:40
do not have the resources资源
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没有资源
09:42
to provide提供 a safety安全 net.
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去提供这一安全网。
09:44
What we have found发现 working加工 with the World世界 Bank银行
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通过和世界银行合作我们发现,
09:46
is that the poor较差的 man's男人的 safety安全 net,
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穷人的安全网
09:48
the best最好 investment投资, is school学校 feeding馈送.
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以及最有效的投资,是学校供膳。
09:50
And if you fill the cup杯子
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如果你用当地小规模农民生产的作物
09:52
with local本地 agriculture农业 from small farmers农民,
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来装满这个杯子,
09:55
you have a transformative变革 effect影响.
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那么你就已经起到了改变的作用。
09:57
Many许多 kids孩子 in the world世界 can't go to school学校
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世界上很多孩子不能上学
10:00
because they have to go beg and find a meal膳食.
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因为他们要去乞讨和寻食。
10:02
But when that food餐饮 is there,
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但是有了粮食,
10:04
it's transformative变革.
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起到的作用是改革性的。
10:06
It costs成本 less than 25 cents a day to change更改 a kid's孩子的 life.
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改变一个孩子的命运花费不到25美分一天。
10:09
But what is most amazing惊人 is the effect影响 on girls女孩.
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但最惊人的是这在女孩身上起到的作用。
10:12
In countries国家 where girls女孩 don't go to school学校
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在女孩不去上学的国家,
10:16
and you offer提供 a meal膳食 to girls女孩 in school学校,
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如果你为上学的女孩提供一顿饭,
10:19
we see enrollment注册 rates利率
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入学率
10:21
about 50 percent百分 girls女孩 and boys男孩.
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就达到男女各半。
10:23
We see a transformation转型 in attendance by girls女孩.
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我们看到女生入学率的变化。
10:26
And there was no argument论据,
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而这是不可争议的,
10:28
because it's incentive激励.
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因为这是动力。
10:30
Families家庭 need the help.
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那些家庭需要帮助。
10:32
And we find that if we keep girls女孩 in school学校 later后来,
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我们还发现如果我们留住这些女孩更久一些,
10:34
they'll他们会 stay in school学校 until直到 they're 16,
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她们会留在学校直到16岁,
10:36
and won't惯于 get married已婚 if there's food餐饮 in school学校.
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并且只要学校能提供食物,她们就不会去嫁人。
10:39
Or if they get an extra额外 ration配给 of food餐饮
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或者是如果她们可以
10:41
at the end结束 of the week --
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在周末获得一份额外的食物配给,
10:43
it costs成本 about 50 cents --
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这大概花费50美分,
10:45
will keep a girl女孩 in school学校,
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她们会留在学校,
10:47
and they'll他们会 give birth分娩 to a healthier健康 child儿童,
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将来生下一个更健康的小孩,
10:49
because the malnutrition营养不良 is sent发送
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因为营养不良能传给
10:52
generation to generation.
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下一代。
10:55
We know that there's boom繁荣 and bust胸围 cycles周期 of hunger饥饿.
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我们知道饥饿的循环有起有落。
10:57
We know this.
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我们是知道这个的。
10:59
Right now on the Horn喇叭 of Africa非洲, we've我们已经 been through通过 this before.
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今天的非洲之角,我们之前已经经历过饥荒。
11:02
So is this a hopeless绝望 cause原因?
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那么这是一个不可救药的循环吗?
11:04
Absolutely绝对 not.
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绝对不是。
11:08
I'd like to talk about what I call our warehouses仓库 for hope希望.
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我想讲一下我所谓的希望之粮仓。
11:11
Cameroon喀麦隆, northern北方 Cameroon喀麦隆, boom繁荣 and bust胸围 cycles周期 of hunger饥饿
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这是喀麦隆,北部的喀麦隆,饥饿的潮起潮落
11:14
every一切 year for decades几十年.
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几十年每年如是。
11:16
Food餐饮 aid援助 coming未来 in every一切 year
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每年当人们在欠收季节忍饥捱饿时,
11:19
when people are starving挨饿 during the lean seasons季节.
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粮食援助随之而来。
11:23
Well two years年份 ago,
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两年之前
11:25
we decided决定, let's transform转变 the model模型 of fighting战斗 hunger饥饿,
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我们决定要改革对抗饥饿的模式。
11:29
and instead代替 of giving out the food餐饮 aid援助, we put it into food餐饮 banks银行.
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我们并不分发粮食,而是将粮食放入粮食银行。
11:32
And we said, listen,
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我们说,
11:34
during the lean season季节, take the food餐饮 out.
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在欠收季节里把粮食取出来,
11:36
You manage管理, the village manages管理 these warehouses仓库.
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你们来管理。这些粮仓由那些村庄来管理。
11:39
And during harvest收成, put it back with interest利益,
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在收获季节把粮食存回银行获得利息,
11:41
food餐饮 interest利益.
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粮食利息。
11:43
So add in five percent百分, 10 percent百分 more food餐饮.
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这样一来收入百分之五,百分之十的额外的粮食。
11:47
For the past过去 two years年份,
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在过去的两年,
11:49
500 of these villages村庄 where these are
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500个这样的村庄
11:51
have not needed需要 any food餐饮 aid援助 -- they're self-sufficient自给.
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再没有要求粮食救济,他们已经可以自给自足。
11:53
And the food餐饮 banks银行 are growing生长.
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而这些粮食银行正在扩大。
11:55
And they're starting开始 school学校 feeding馈送 programs程式 for their children孩子
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村里的人们正为他们的孩子
11:58
by the people in the village.
279
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设立学校供膳项目。
12:00
But they've他们已经 never had the ability能力
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但在之前,
12:02
to build建立 even the basic基本 infrastructure基础设施
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他们从来没有能力或是资源
12:04
or the resources资源.
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来建立甚至是基本的基础设施。
12:06
I love this idea理念 that came来了 from the village level水平:
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我最喜欢这一来自农村阶层的主意:
12:08
three keys按键 to unlock开锁 that warehouse仓库.
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用三把钥匙来打开粮仓。
12:11
Food餐饮 is gold there.
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在那里粮食就是金子。
12:13
And simple简单 ideas思路 can transform转变 the face面对,
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而简单的主意可以改变
12:16
not of small areas,
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不光是小地区,
12:18
of big areas of the world世界.
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而且是世界广泛地区的面貌。
12:20
I'd like to talk about what I call digital数字 food餐饮.
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我想讲一下所谓的数码粮食。
12:24
Technology技术 is transforming转型
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在经常发生饥荒的地区,
12:27
the face面对 of food餐饮 vulnerability漏洞
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科技正改变着
12:29
in places地方 where you see classic经典 famine饥荒.
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粮食稀缺的状况。
12:31
Amartya阿马蒂亚 Sen won韩元 his Nobel诺贝尔 Prize
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Amartya Sen获得诺贝尔奖
12:33
for saying, "Guess猜测 what, famines饥荒 happen发生 in the presence存在 of food餐饮
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时说到,“你们猜猜看?在有粮食的情况下,
12:37
because people have no ability能力 to buy购买 it."
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因为人们没有购买能力,饥荒仍旧发生。”
12:40
We certainly当然 saw that in 2008.
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我们在2008年的确就看到了这一幕。
12:42
We're seeing眼看 that now in the Horn喇叭 of Africa非洲
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我们现在看到,在非洲之角的某些地区
12:44
where food餐饮 prices价格 are up 240 percent百分 in some areas
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粮食价格在过去一年
12:47
over last year.
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上涨百分之二百四十。
12:49
Food餐饮 can be there and people can't buy购买 it.
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粮食可以在那里存在但人们却买不起。
12:51
Well this picture图片 -- I was in Hebron希伯伦 in a small shop, this shop,
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在这张照片里,我在希布伦的一个小商店里。
12:55
where instead代替 of bringing使 in food餐饮,
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我们并不给这家商店带来食物,
12:58
we provide提供 digital数字 food餐饮, a card.
303
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而是提供数码食物,一张卡。
13:01
It says "bon盂兰盆 appetit亚培提特" in Arabic阿拉伯.
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它上面用阿拉伯文写着“祝你胃口好”。
13:04
And the women妇女 can go in and swipe刷卡
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3000
妇女们可以进去刷卡,
13:07
and get nine food餐饮 items项目.
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购买九样食品。
13:09
They have to be nutritious有营养,
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这些食品必须是有营养的,
13:11
and they have to be locally本地 produced生成.
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并产于当地。
13:13
And what's happened发生 in the past过去 year alone单独
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仅在过去一年里,
13:15
is the dairy乳制品 industry行业 --
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奶品行业--
13:17
where this card's used for milk牛奶 and yogurt酸奶
311
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而这张卡被用于购买牛奶,奶酪,
13:20
and eggs and hummus鹰嘴豆泥 --
312
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鸡蛋和鹰嘴豆泥
13:22
the dairy乳制品 industry行业 has gone走了 up 30 percent百分.
313
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奶品行业增长了百分之三十。
13:25
The shopkeepers店主 are hiring招聘 more people.
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店主们雇佣着越来越多的帮手。
13:27
It is a win-win-win互利双赢 situation情况
315
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这是一个
13:29
that starts启动 the food餐饮 economy经济 moving移动.
316
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推动着粮食经济发展的互赢局面。
13:32
We now deliver交付 food餐饮 in over 30 countries国家
317
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我们现在通过手机
13:35
over cell细胞 phones手机,
318
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来递送食物到超过三十个国家,
13:38
transforming转型 even the presence存在 of refugees难民 in countries国家,
319
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改变着某些国家难民的状况
13:42
and other ways方法.
320
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以及其他方面。
13:44
Perhaps也许 most exciting扣人心弦 to me
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也许最令我兴奋的
13:46
is an idea理念 that Bill法案 Gates盖茨, Howard霍华德 Buffett巴菲特 and others其他
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是比尔.·盖茨,霍华德·巴菲特Howard Buffett和其他人
13:49
have supported支持的 boldly大胆,
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都广泛支持的一个主意。
13:51
which哪一个 is to ask the question:
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这个主意是来问这样一个问题:
13:53
What if, instead代替 of looking at the hungry饥饿 as victims受害者 --
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饥饿的受害者中
13:56
and most of them are small farmers农民
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大部分是不能靠生产足够粮食
13:58
who cannot不能 raise提高 enough足够 food餐饮 or sell food餐饮
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或是出卖粮食
14:01
to even support支持 their own拥有 families家庭 --
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来维持家里生计的小规模农民--
14:03
what if we view视图 them as the solution,
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如果我们不把他们看成是受害者,而是解决问题的方法,
14:06
as the value chain to fight斗争 hunger饥饿?
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对抗饥饿的价值链呢?
14:08
What if from the women妇女 in Africa非洲
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如果我们能给那些
14:13
who cannot不能 sell any food餐饮 --
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不能销售任何粮食的非洲妇女们提供一个环境--
14:15
there's no roads道路, there's no warehouses仓库,
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她们现在所在的环境里没有公路,没有粮仓,
14:17
there's not even a tarp篷布 to pick the food餐饮 up with --
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甚至收集粮食的柏油帆布--
14:20
what if we give the enabling启用 environment环境
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使她们能在其他地方
14:22
for them to provide提供 the food餐饮
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为她们忍饥捱饿的孩子
14:24
to feed饲料 the hungry饥饿 children孩子 elsewhere别处?
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提供粮食呢?
14:27
And Purchasing购买 for Progress进展 today今天 is in 21 countries国家.
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今天,“为发展而购买”项目在二十一个国家进行着,
14:30
And guess猜测 what?
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你们猜猜看?
14:32
In virtually实质上 every一切 case案件,
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在所有的案例中,
14:34
when poor较差的 farmers农民 are given特定 a guaranteed保证 market市场 --
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当我们给予贫困家庭一个有保障的市场--
14:37
if you say, "We will buy购买 300 metric tons of this.
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比如说,“我们要买三百公制吨农产品。
14:40
We'll pick it up. We'll make sure it's stored存储 properly正确." --
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我们会购买。我们会保证妥善保存这些产品。”
14:43
their yields产量 have gone走了 up two-二-, three-三-, fourfold四倍
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这些产品生产量会提高二,三,四倍
14:46
and they figure数字 it out,
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他们意识到,
14:48
because it's the first guaranteed保证 opportunity机会 they've他们已经 had in their life.
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因为这是他们生命中第一有保障的机会。
14:51
And we're seeing眼看 people transform转变 their lives生活.
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我们看到人们改变了他们的生活。
14:54
Today今天, food餐饮 aid援助, our food餐饮 aid援助 --
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今天,粮食救济,我们的粮食救济
14:57
huge巨大 engine发动机 --
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是极大的引擎
14:59
80 percent百分 of it is bought in the developing发展 world世界.
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百分之八十的粮食救济流向发展中国家。
15:02
Total transformation转型
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全面的改变
15:04
that can actually其实 transform转变 the very lives生活 that need the food餐饮.
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能真正的改变那些需要粮食的生命。
15:08
Now you'd ask, can this be doneDONE at scale规模?
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你会问,这些能够大规模的实施吗?
15:11
These are great ideas思路, village-level村级 ideas思路.
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这些都是很好的主意,农村级的主意。
15:14
Well I'd like to talk about Brazil巴西,
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我想讲一下巴西,
15:16
because I've taken采取 a journey旅程 to Brazil巴西 over the past过去 couple一对 of years年份,
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因为在过去的几年里,
15:19
when I read that Brazil巴西 was defeating击败 hunger饥饿
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当我读到巴西现在对抗饥饿的进展比地球上所有的国家都快时,
15:21
faster更快 than any nation国家 on Earth地球 right now.
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我有了前往巴西的旅途。
15:23
And what I've found发现 is,
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我发现,
15:25
rather than investing投资 their money in food餐饮 subsidies补贴
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他们并不将金钱投入到粮食补贴
15:27
and other things,
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或是其他补贴上,
15:29
they invested投资 in a school学校 feeding馈送 program程序.
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而是投入到一个学校供膳项目上。
15:31
And they require要求 that a third第三 of that food餐饮
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并且要求三分之一的粮食
15:33
come from the smallest最少 farmers农民 who would have no opportunity机会.
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来自最小规模的,
15:36
And they're doing this at huge巨大 scale规模
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没有盼头的农民。
15:38
after President主席 Lula卢拉 declared声明 his goal目标
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在总统卢拉Lula宣布他的目标
15:41
of ensuring确保 everyone大家 had three meals a day.
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是要保证人人都能吃上一日三餐后,他们开始大规模的实施这一项目。
15:44
And this zero hunger饥饿 program程序
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这一零饥饿项目
15:48
costs成本 .5 percent百分 of GDPGDP
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花费百分之五的国民生产总值,
15:51
and has lifted取消 many许多 millions百万 of people
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将百万人
15:56
out of hunger饥饿 and poverty贫穷.
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从饥饿和贫困中解救出来。
15:58
It is transforming转型 the face面对 of hunger饥饿 in Brazil巴西,
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这一项目正改变着巴西贫困的面貌,
16:01
and it's at scale规模, and it's creating创建 opportunities机会.
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并在大规模的实施着,创造着机会。
16:04
I've gone走了 out there; I've met会见 with the small farmers农民
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我到过那里,见过那些小规模农民
16:07
who have built内置 their livelihoods生计
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在凭着这一项目所创造的机会和平台
16:09
on the opportunity机会 and platform平台
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建立着
16:11
provided提供 by this.
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他们的生计。
16:14
Now if we look at the economic经济 imperative势在必行 here,
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现在如果我们从经济紧要性来看,
16:16
this isn't just about compassion同情.
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这就不仅仅是关乎同情心了。
16:19
The fact事实 is studies学习 show显示
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实际上研究表明,
16:21
that the cost成本 of malnutrition营养不良 and hunger饥饿 --
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营养不良和饥饿的
16:24
the cost成本 to society社会,
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社会成本,
16:26
the burden负担 it has to bear --
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也说是社会所要承受的担子--
16:28
is on average平均 six percent百分,
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2000
每年平均来说相当于国民生产总值的百分之六,
16:30
and in some countries国家 up to 11 percent百分,
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在一些国家
16:32
of GDPGDP a year.
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甚至达到每年百分之十一。
16:35
And if you look at the 36 countries国家
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如果你按营养不良问题
16:38
with the highest最高 burden负担 of malnutrition营养不良,
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2000
最严重的三十六个国家来算,
16:40
that's 260 billion十亿 lost丢失 from a productive生产的 economy经济
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3000
那相当于每年从生产力中
16:43
every一切 year.
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流失二千六百亿元。
16:45
Well, the World世界 Bank银行 estimates估计
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世界银行估计,
16:47
it would take about 10 billion十亿 dollars美元 --
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解决这些国家的
16:49
10.3 --
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营养不良问题
16:51
to address地址 malnutrition营养不良 in those countries国家.
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需要大概一百亿元,一百零三亿元。
16:53
You look at the cost-benefit成本效益 analysis分析,
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你来做一下成本收益分析。
16:55
and my dream梦想 is to take this issue问题,
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我的梦想是把这个问题,
16:58
not just from the compassion同情 argument论据,
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不光从同情心的角度出发,
17:01
but to the finance金融 ministers部长 of the world世界,
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呈现给各国财务官员
17:03
and say we cannot不能 afford给予
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来说明
17:05
to not invest投资
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我们不能不投入资源,
17:07
in the access访问 to adequate充足, affordable实惠 nutrition营养
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来保障全人类都能获得充足,
17:10
for all of humanity人性.
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可支付得起的营养补给。
17:13
The amazing惊人 thing I've found发现
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我发现不可思议的是,
17:16
is nothing can change更改 on a big scale规模
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没有一位领导者的决心,
17:19
without the determination决心 of a leader领导.
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任何事情都不能产生大规模的改变。
17:21
When a leader领导 says, "Not under my watch,"
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当一位领导者说,“这不能在我管治下发生”,
17:24
everything begins开始 to change更改.
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所有东西都开始改变。
17:26
And the world世界 can come in
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这世界能变化
17:28
with enabling启用 environments环境 and opportunities机会 to do this.
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孕育环境和机会去实现这个。
17:31
And the fact事实 that France法国
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而事实上十分重要的是,
17:33
has put food餐饮 at the center中央 of the G20
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法国已将粮食
17:35
is really important重要.
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投入到二十国峰会中心议题。
17:37
Because food餐饮 is one issue问题
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因为粮食问题
17:39
that cannot不能 be solved解决了 person by person, nation国家 by nation国家.
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不能靠一两个人,一两个国家解决。
17:42
We have to stand together一起.
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我们必须联合起来。
17:44
And we're seeing眼看 nations国家 in Africa非洲.
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我们看到非洲国家正联合起来。
17:46
WFP's世界粮食计划署 been able能够 to leave离开 30 nations国家
417
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3000
WFP世界粮食计划署已经可以撤出三十个国家,三十个国家,
17:49
because they have transformed改造
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因为他们已经改变了
17:51
the face面对 of hunger饥饿 in their nations国家.
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他们国家饥饿的面貌。
17:53
What I would like to offer提供 here is a challenge挑战.
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我想在这里提出一个挑战。
17:58
I believe we're living活的 at a time in human人的 history历史
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我相信我们现正处于人类历史的这样一个时刻,
18:01
where it's just simply只是 unacceptable不可接受
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我们不可以接受
18:04
that children孩子 wake唤醒 up
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孩子们醒来
18:06
and don't know where to find a cup杯子 of food餐饮.
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却不知道在哪里能找到可以装满一个杯子的食物。
18:08
Not only that,
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不仅如此,
18:10
transforming转型 hunger饥饿
426
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改变饥饿
18:12
is an opportunity机会,
427
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是一个机会。
18:14
but I think we have to change更改 our mindsets心态.
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我们要改变我们的思维方式。
18:17
I am so honored荣幸 to be here
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我感到十分荣幸能在这里
18:19
with some of the world's世界 top最佳 innovators创新 and thinkers思想家.
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同世界上最出色的创新者和思想家在一起。
18:23
And I would like you to join加入 with all of humanity人性
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我希望你们与全人类一起
18:27
to draw a line线 in the sand
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在沙子上划一道线
18:29
and say, "No more.
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并说:“不再。
18:31
No more are we going to accept接受 this."
434
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我们不再接受这一现状。”
18:33
And we want to tell our grandchildren孙子
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我们还希望能够告诉我们的下一代,
18:35
that there was a terrible可怕 time in history历史
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历史上曾经有过一个糟糕的年代,
18:37
where up to a third第三 of the children孩子
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三分之一的儿童
18:39
had brains大脑 and bodies身体 that were stunted发育不良,
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因饥饿而全身心发育不良。
18:41
but that exists存在 no more.
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但那个年代已经不复存在。
18:43
Thank you.
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谢谢。
18:45
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Weishan Chen
Reviewed by Angelia King

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Josette Sheeran - Anti-hunger leader
Our generation is the first in history with enough resources to eradicate hunger worldwide. Josette Sheeran, the former head of the UN World Food Programme, shares a plan.

Why you should listen

When Josette Sheeran was the executive director of the United Nations World Food Programme, based in Rome, she oversaw the largest humanitarian agency fighting hunger around the globe. Every year, the program feeds more than 90 million people, including victims of war and natural disasters, families affected by HIV/AIDS, and schoolchildren in poor communities.

Sheeran believes that hunger and poverty must and can be solved through both immediate actions and long-term policies. At the Millennium Development Goal Summit in 2010, she outlined 10 ways the world can end hunger. They include providing school meals, connecting small farmers to markets, empowering women and building the resiliency of vulnerable communities.

Sheeran has a long history of helping others. Prior to joining the UN in 2007, Sheeran was the Under Secretary for Economic, Energy and Agricultural Affairs at the US Department of State, where she frequently focused on economic diplomacy to help emerging nations move toward self-sufficiency and prosperity. She put together several initiatives to bring US aid to the Middle East. She also served as Deputy US Trade Representative, helping African nations develop their trade capacity.

She says: "I think we can, in our lifetime, win the battle against hunger because we now have the science, technology, know-how, and the logistics to be able to meet hunger where it comes. Those pictures of children with swollen bellies will be a thing of history."

More profile about the speaker
Josette Sheeran | Speaker | TED.com