TEDGlobal 2017
George Steinmetz: Photos of Africa, taken from a flying lawn chair
喬治史坦梅茲: 從飛行躺椅上拍攝的非洲照片
Filmed:
Readability: 4.3
479,969 views
喬治史坦梅茲從世界上最慢、最輕的飛行機上所拍攝的壯麗照片，從空中展示出非洲之美。與史坦梅茲一同發掘從緩慢低飛的飛行躺椅上，能觀察到多少驚奇的歷史、生態、社會政治變遷。
George Steinmetz - Aerial photographer
Best known for his exploration photography, George Steinmetz has a restless curiosity for the unknown: remote deserts, obscure cultures and the mysteries of science and technology. Full bio
Best known for his exploration photography, George Steinmetz has a restless curiosity for the unknown: remote deserts, obscure cultures and the mysteries of science and technology. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I have to tell you,
0
835
1214
我得告訴各位，
00:14
it's more than a little
intimidating being up here,
intimidating being up here,
1
2073
2531
站在這裡讓我有點恐懼，
00:16
an old American guy
trying to tell Africans
trying to tell Africans
2
4628
2254
因為我這個美國老人
竟然想在這裡告訴非洲人
竟然想在這裡告訴非洲人
00:18
something new about your own continent.
3
6906
2081
非洲大陸的新事物。
00:21
But sometimes, an outsider
can see things in a different way,
can see things in a different way,
4
9855
3723
但有時候，局外人反而
能用不同的角度來看事物，
能用不同的角度來看事物，
00:25
like from the air.
5
13602
1150
比如，從空中看。
00:27
That's what I found by flying low and slow
all over the African continent
all over the African continent
6
15855
4187
當我慢速低空飛過整個非洲大陸，
並拍攝其壯觀的多樣性時，
了解到了這一點。
了解到了這一點。
00:32
as I photographed
the spectacle of its diversity.
the spectacle of its diversity.
7
20066
2591
00:35
And I wasn't always an old guy.
8
23571
1848
還有，其實我也年輕過。
00:37
(Laughter)
9
25738
2348
（笑聲）
00:40
This is me in 1979,
10
28110
2549
這是 1979 年的我，
00:42
a kid from California backpacking
his way through the Ituri Forest of Zaire.
his way through the Ituri Forest of Zaire.
11
30683
3745
一個來自加州的小伙子，
背著背包穿越薩伊的伊圖里森林。
背著背包穿越薩伊的伊圖里森林。
我當時在進行一年的搭便車旅行。
00:47
I was on a yearlong hitchhiking trip.
12
35101
1763
00:48
I had just dropped out
of Stanford University,
of Stanford University,
13
36888
2144
我剛從史丹佛大學畢業，
00:51
and I went from Tunis
to Kisangani to Cairo
to Kisangani to Cairo
14
39056
2807
我從突尼斯到基桑加尼再到開羅，
00:53
and learned how to live
on 10 dollars a day.
on 10 dollars a day.
15
41887
2396
學會如何用十塊美金過一天。
00:57
It was an amazing experience for me.
16
45109
1850
對我來說，那是很棒的經驗。
00:58
I spent about a week
in this Dinka cattle camp
in this Dinka cattle camp
17
46983
2627
我在這個丁卡小牛集中地
待了大約一週，
待了大約一週，
01:01
on the banks of the Nile in South Sudan.
18
49634
1984
它位在南蘇丹的尼羅河河岸。
01:04
The Dinka taught me
how to tie papyrus into a shelter,
how to tie papyrus into a shelter,
19
52179
2884
丁卡人教我如何綁紙草蓋房子，
01:07
and also I observed
how they had adapted their way of life
how they had adapted their way of life
20
55087
4429
此外，我觀察他們如何根據
他們心愛小牛的遷移需求，
他們心愛小牛的遷移需求，
01:11
around the migratory needs
of their beloved cattle.
of their beloved cattle.
21
59540
2435
來調整他們的生活方式。
01:14
It was a like a graduate course
in ecological ethnography,
in ecological ethnography,
22
62737
2977
那就像是研究所的
一堂生態人種學課程，
一堂生態人種學課程，
01:17
and I got busy taking notes with a camera.
23
65738
2046
而我忙著用照相機做筆記。
01:20
With no money for rides,
24
68735
1399
沒有錢乘車，
01:22
they often made the Mzungu
ride on the roof of the trucks,
ride on the roof of the trucks,
25
70158
2961
他們通常都會坐在卡車頂上，
01:25
or in this case, on the top of the train
going across South Sudan.
going across South Sudan.
26
73143
3253
在這裡則是坐在橫越
南蘇丹的火車頂上。
南蘇丹的火車頂上。
01:29
I felt like I was riding
on the back of an insect
on the back of an insect
27
77447
3183
我感覺我好像騎在昆蟲的背上，
01:32
going across the enormous
tapestry of Africa.
tapestry of Africa.
28
80654
2500
橫越一幅巨大的非洲織錦。
01:35
It was an incredible view from up there,
29
83178
2033
上頭的視野真棒，
01:37
but I couldn't help but think,
30
85235
1486
但我忍不住會想，
01:38
wouldn't it be even more amazing
if I could fly over that landscape
if I could fly over that landscape
31
86745
3175
如果我能像鳥一樣飛在那地景上方，
會不會更不可思議？
會不會更不可思議？
01:41
like a bird?
32
89944
1272
01:43
Well, that notion stayed with me,
33
91924
1868
那想法揮之不去，
01:45
and 20 years later,
34
93816
1809
二十年後，
01:47
after becoming
a professional photographer,
a professional photographer,
35
95649
2025
成為職業攝影師之後，
01:49
I was able to talk National Geographic
36
97698
1912
我得以說服國家地理雜誌，
01:51
into doing a big story
in the central Sahara,
in the central Sahara,
37
99634
2167
做一篇撒哈拉沙漠中部的大報導，
01:53
and I came back with a new kind
of flying machine.
of flying machine.
38
101825
2436
我帶著一種新的飛行機器回到非洲。
01:57
This is me piloting the world's lightest
and slowest aircraft.
and slowest aircraft.
39
105348
3297
這是我駕駛世界上最輕
且最慢的飛行機的模樣。
且最慢的飛行機的模樣。
02:00
(Laughter)
40
108669
1031
（笑聲）
02:01
It's called a motorized paraglider.
41
109724
2221
它叫做動力滑翔傘。
02:03
It consists of a backpack motor
and a parachute-style wing,
and a parachute-style wing,
42
111969
4119
它包含一個裝在背後的馬達
以及像降落傘的機翼，
以及像降落傘的機翼，
02:08
and it flies at about 30 miles an hour.
43
116112
2421
它的時速大約是三十英哩。
02:10
With 10 liters of fuel,
I can fly for about two hours,
I can fly for about two hours,
44
118557
3413
用十公升的燃料，
我就可以飛大約兩小時，
我就可以飛大約兩小時，
02:13
but what's really amazing about it
is it gives me an unobstructed view,
is it gives me an unobstructed view,
45
121994
3751
但它真正了不起的地方是，
它讓我的視野完全沒有障礙阻擋，
它讓我的視野完全沒有障礙阻擋，
02:17
both horizontally and vertically,
46
125769
1741
垂直面和水平面都是，
02:19
like a flying lawn chair.
47
127534
1579
就像一張飛行躺椅。
我看到這兩支駱駝商隊
在撒哈拉沙漠中部行進時，
在撒哈拉沙漠中部行進時，
02:21
My hitchhiker's dream
of flying over Africa came true
of flying over Africa came true
48
129862
2478
02:24
when I spotted these two camel caravans
passing out in the middle of the Sahara.
passing out in the middle of the Sahara.
49
132364
3932
我這個搭便車旅行者想要
飛越非洲的夢想成真了。
飛越非洲的夢想成真了。
02:28
The one in the foreground
is carrying salt out of the desert,
is carrying salt out of the desert,
50
136320
2906
在前景的那支商隊要把鹽帶離沙漠，
02:31
while the one in the background
is carrying fodder
is carrying fodder
51
139250
2396
背景的那支商隊則是帶著飼料，
是給要回到沙漠的動物吃的。
02:33
for the animals heading back in.
52
141670
1586
02:35
I realized you couldn't take
this kind of picture
this kind of picture
53
143280
2364
我發現，用普通的飛行機
無法拍攝這種照片。
無法拍攝這種照片。
02:37
with a conventional aircraft.
54
145668
1445
02:39
An airplane moves too fast,
55
147137
1445
飛機的移動速度太快，
02:40
a helicopter would be too loud
with too much downdraft,
with too much downdraft,
56
148606
2619
直升機太吵且會造成太多下降氣流，
02:43
and it dawned on me that this crazy little
aircraft I was flying
aircraft I was flying
57
151249
3404
我漸漸發現，我在空中
駕駛的這台瘋狂小飛行器
駕駛的這台瘋狂小飛行器
02:46
would open up a new way of seeing
remote parts of the African landscape
remote parts of the African landscape
58
154677
3341
能夠開啟一種新方式，
來看非洲地景的偏遠部分，
來看非洲地景的偏遠部分，
02:50
in a way that had never
really been possible before.
really been possible before.
59
158042
2724
這是以前完全不可能做到的。
02:52
Let me show you how it works.
60
160790
1982
耳聞不如一見。
04:35
(Applause)
61
263719
3922
（掌聲）
04:39
Thanks.
62
267665
1165
謝謝。
04:40
(Applause)
63
268854
1944
（掌聲）
04:43
This may seem a bit dangerous,
but I am not some kind of adventure dude.
but I am not some kind of adventure dude.
64
271322
3389
這可能看起來有點危險，
但我並不是冒險型的人。
但我並不是冒險型的人。
04:46
I'm a photographer who flies,
and I only fly to take pictures.
and I only fly to take pictures.
65
274735
2986
我是個會飛的攝影師，
我只為了拍照而飛。
我只為了拍照而飛。
04:49
My favorite altitude
is between 200 and 500 feet,
is between 200 and 500 feet,
66
277745
3362
我最喜歡的高度
約是 60 到 150 公尺，
約是 60 到 150 公尺，
04:53
where I can see the world
three-dimensionally,
three-dimensionally,
67
281131
2143
在那裡我能用 3D 的方式看世界，
04:55
but also at a human scale.
68
283298
1533
同時也還能看得清楚底下的人。
04:58
I find that a lot of what I'd done
over the years in Africa,
over the years in Africa,
69
286529
3420
我發現，這些年來
我在非洲所做的很多事，
我在非洲所做的很多事，
05:01
you could try to do with a drone,
70
289973
2335
很可能你可以試著用無人機來做。
05:04
but drones aren't really made
for exploration.
for exploration.
71
292332
2306
但無人機設計的目的並非探索。
05:06
They only fly for about
20 minutes of battery life
20 minutes of battery life
72
294662
2412
根據電池生命，
它們只能飛二十分鐘，
它們只能飛二十分鐘，
05:09
and about three kilometers of range,
73
297098
1774
飛行範圍約三公里，
05:10
and all you get to see
is what's on a little screen.
is what's on a little screen.
74
298896
2707
你所能看到的只有小螢幕上的影像。
05:13
But I like to explore.
75
301627
1151
但我喜歡探索，
05:14
I want to go over the horizon
and find new things, find weird stuff,
and find new things, find weird stuff,
76
302802
5253
我想要越過地平線，
發現新事物，發現奇特的東西，
發現新事物，發現奇特的東西，
05:20
like this volcanic caldera in Niger.
77
308079
2206
就像尼日的這個巨火山口。
05:23
If you look at the altimeter
on my left leg,
on my left leg,
78
311532
2312
如果你們看我左腿上的高度計，
05:25
you'll see that I'm about
a mile above takeoff.
a mile above takeoff.
79
313868
2512
可以看到我大約在
比起飛點高 1.6 公里的高度。
比起飛點高 1.6 公里的高度。
05:28
Flying that high really freaked me out,
80
316404
2135
飛那麼高真的讓我嚇壞了，
05:30
but if you talk to a pro pilot,
81
318563
1677
但如果你和專業飛行員談談，
05:32
they'll tell you that altitude
is actually your friend,
is actually your friend,
82
320264
2632
他們會告訴你，
高度其實是你的朋友，
高度其實是你的朋友，
05:34
because the higher you are,
83
322920
1415
因為你飛得越高，
05:36
the more time you have
to figure out your problems.
to figure out your problems.
84
324359
2382
就越有多時間想辦法解決你的問題。
05:38
(Laughter)
85
326765
2056
（笑聲）
身為完全業餘的人，
我認為這會給我更多時間
我認為這會給我更多時間
05:40
As a rank amateur,
I figured this gave me more time
I figured this gave me more time
86
328845
2394
05:43
to scream on the way back down.
87
331263
1551
一路尖叫到落地。
05:44
(Laughter)
88
332838
1230
（笑聲）
05:46
To calm myself down,
I started taking pictures,
I started taking pictures,
89
334092
2317
為了讓自己冷靜下來，我開始拍照，
05:48
and as I did, it became rational again,
90
336433
2001
當我這麼做時，理智又回來了，
05:50
and I was getting buffeted
by a Harmattan wind
by a Harmattan wind
91
338458
2234
我不斷被乾燥的熱風吹打，
05:52
which was coming out of the upper
right hand corner of this picture,
right hand corner of this picture,
92
340716
3214
風來自這張照片的右上角方向，
05:55
and I started to notice how it had filled
the entire crater with sand.
the entire crater with sand.
93
343954
3322
我開始注意到這風如何
將沙子帶到火山口中。
將沙子帶到火山口中。
當我到查德北部時，
我發現了一種不同的火山。
我發現了一種不同的火山。
05:59
When I got to the north of Chad,
I found a different kind of volcano.
I found a different kind of volcano.
94
347300
3294
06:02
These had had their entire
exteriors stripped away,
exteriors stripped away,
95
350618
2396
這些火山的外部都被剝去了，
06:05
and all that was left was the old core,
96
353038
1908
僅存的只有古老的核心，
06:06
and in the middle of the Sahara,
97
354970
1723
且在撒哈拉沙漠中，
06:08
I felt like I was seeing the earth
with its living skin stripped away.
with its living skin stripped away.
98
356717
3579
我覺得我好像看到
地球的皮被活剝了。
地球的皮被活剝了。
06:12
Much of the Sahara is underlain
by an enormous freshwater aquifer.
by an enormous freshwater aquifer.
99
360795
3646
撒哈拉絕大部分區域是由底下的
巨大淡水地下蓄水層支撐。
巨大淡水地下蓄水層支撐。
06:16
When you go to the basin,
sometimes you can see it leaking out.
sometimes you can see it leaking out.
100
364465
2999
當你到盆地時，
有時可以看見水漏出來。
有時可以看見水漏出來。
06:19
If you were to walk
through those palm groves,
through those palm groves,
101
367488
2699
如果你走路穿過那些棕櫚樹叢，
06:22
you could drink fresh water
out of your footsteps.
out of your footsteps.
102
370211
2404
你可以喝從你的腳印滲出來的淡水。
06:24
But that green lake water?
103
372639
1373
但那綠色湖泊的水呢？
06:26
Due to extreme evaporation,
it's saltier than seawater
it's saltier than seawater
104
374036
2794
因為極端的蒸發，
它比海水還要多鹽份，
它比海水還要多鹽份，
06:28
and virtually lifeless.
105
376854
1150
湖裡幾乎沒有生命。
06:30
In Niger, I was amazed to see
106
378628
1469
在尼日，讓我驚訝的是
06:32
how the locals learned how to exploit
a different kind of desert spring.
a different kind of desert spring.
107
380121
3426
當地人如何學會利用
各種類的沙漠泉水。
各種類的沙漠泉水。
06:35
Here, they mix the salty mud
with spring water
with spring water
108
383571
2308
在這裡，他們把鹹泥巴和泉水混合，
06:37
and spread it out in shallow ponds,
109
385903
1699
然後把它散佈到淺池塘中，
06:39
and as it evaporated,
it turned into a spectacle of color.
it turned into a spectacle of color.
110
387626
2816
等它蒸發，就會出現壯觀的顏色。
06:43
My rig is also amazing
for looking at agriculture.
for looking at agriculture.
111
391583
3284
用我的裝備來看他們的農業也好棒。
06:46
This picture was taken
in southern Algeria,
in southern Algeria,
112
394891
2565
這張照片是在南阿爾及利亞拍攝的，
06:49
where the locals have learned
how to garden in a mobile dune field
how to garden in a mobile dune field
113
397480
3120
當地人學會如何在會動的
沙丘原野中從事園藝，
沙丘原野中從事園藝，
06:52
by tapping into shallow groundwater.
114
400624
1784
靠的是淺層地下水。
06:55
I also loved looking at how animals
have adapted to the African landscape.
have adapted to the African landscape.
115
403142
3897
我也很喜歡看動物
如何去適應非洲的地景。
如何去適應非洲的地景。
06:59
This picture was taken in Lake Amboseli,
116
407063
1976
這張照片是在安博塞利湖拍攝的，
07:01
just across the border from here in Kenya.
117
409063
2001
就在肯亞邊境旁邊。
07:03
The elephants have carved
the shallow lake water up
the shallow lake water up
118
411088
2382
大象彷彿在雕刻，讓淺湖水變成
07:05
into a network of little pathways,
119
413494
2204
一套網狀的通路，
07:07
and they're spaced just enough apart
120
415722
1755
且距離取得剛好，
07:09
that only elephants,
with their long trunks,
with their long trunks,
121
417501
2108
只有大象能用牠們的長鼻子
07:11
can tap into the most succulent grasses.
122
419633
1931
取用最多水份的青草。
07:13
In Namibia, the zebra have learned
how to thrive in an environment
how to thrive in an environment
123
421588
3190
在納米比亞，斑馬學會
在一個完全沒有降雨的環境中茁壯成長。
07:16
that gets no rainfall at all.
124
424802
1461
07:18
These grasses are irrigated
by the dense coastal fog
by the dense coastal fog
125
426287
2865
灌溉這些草的是海岸濃霧，
07:21
that blankets the area every morning.
126
429176
1785
每天早晨，濃霧都會籠罩這個區域。
07:23
And those bald patches out there?
127
431281
1897
那些光禿的小區域呢？
07:25
They call them fairy circles,
128
433202
1420
當地人稱這是妖精圓圈，
07:26
and scientists still struggle
to understand what causes them.
to understand what causes them.
129
434646
2881
科學家仍然在努力了解它們的成因。
07:29
This is Mount Visoke, with a small
crater lake in its summit at 3,700 meters.
crater lake in its summit at 3,700 meters.
130
437971
4310
這是比蘇奇火山，高度 3700公尺的
頂峰上有個火山口湖。
頂峰上有個火山口湖。
07:34
It forms the roof of the Great Rift Valley
131
442305
2001
它形成了東非大裂谷的屋頂，
07:36
and also the border
between Rwanda and Congo.
between Rwanda and Congo.
132
444330
2959
以及盧安達與剛果之間的邊界。
07:39
It's also the center of the reserve
for the fabled mountain gorilla.
for the fabled mountain gorilla.
133
447313
3532
它也是神話中的山地
大猩猩的保護區中心。
大猩猩的保護區中心。
07:42
They're actually
the big money-maker in Rwanda,
the big money-maker in Rwanda,
134
450869
2350
牠們其實是盧安達的搖錢樹，
07:45
and on this side of the border,
conservation has become a huge success.
conservation has become a huge success.
135
453243
3443
在邊界的這一邊，保育十分成功。
07:49
Rwanda has the highest
rural population density in Africa,
rural population density in Africa,
136
457487
3778
盧安達有非洲最高的農村人口密度。
07:53
and I saw it in almost every corner
of the country I went to.
of the country I went to.
137
461289
3252
不論我走到盧安達的
哪個角落，幾乎都會看到。
哪個角落，幾乎都會看到。
07:56
I've heard it said
that competition for land
that competition for land
138
464565
2643
我聽說，土地競爭
07:59
was one of the things
that led to the tensions
that led to the tensions
139
467232
2144
是導致緊繃狀況的原因之一，
08:01
that caused the genocide of the 1990s.
140
469400
1998
後來導致了九○年代的大屠殺。
08:04
I went back to South Sudan
a few years ago,
a few years ago,
141
472699
2357
幾年前，我回到南蘇丹，
08:07
and it was amazing to see
how much things had changed.
how much things had changed.
142
475080
2555
看到一切都改變了好多，
很讓我吃驚。
很讓我吃驚。
08:09
The Dinka were still in love
with their cattle,
with their cattle,
143
477659
2220
丁卡人仍然熱愛他們的小牛，
08:11
but they had turned in
their spears for Kalashnikovs.
their spears for Kalashnikovs.
144
479903
2503
但他們已經把長矛
換成卡拉希尼科夫槍。
換成卡拉希尼科夫槍。
08:14
The cattle camps from above
were even more spectacular
were even more spectacular
145
482430
2729
從上方看到的小牛集中地更壯觀了，
08:17
than I could have imagined,
but things had changed there too.
but things had changed there too.
146
485183
2864
遠超過我的想像，
但那裡也變了。
但那裡也變了。
08:20
You see those little blue dots down there?
147
488071
2095
你們有看到下面的藍點嗎？
08:22
The Dinka had adapted to the new reality,
148
490190
2047
丁卡人得要適應新的現實，
08:24
and now they covered
their papyrus shelters
their papyrus shelters
149
492261
2024
他們在紙草屋上覆蓋了
08:26
with the tarps from UN food convoys.
150
494309
1769
聯合國食物救援隊的防水布。
08:28
In Mali, the Bozo people
have learned how to thrive
have learned how to thrive
151
496683
3080
在馬利，博佐族人學會如何在
尼日河的搏動節奏中茁壯成長。
08:31
in the pulsating rhythms
of the Niger River.
of the Niger River.
152
499787
2180
08:33
As the rainy season ends
and the water subsides,
and the water subsides,
153
501991
2487
當雨季節束，水消退之後，
08:36
they plant their rice
in the fertile bottoms.
in the fertile bottoms.
154
504502
2138
他們把稻米種植在肥沃的底部。
08:38
And that village
in the lower right corner,
in the lower right corner,
155
506664
2000
在照片右下角有個村落，
08:40
that's Gao, one of the jumping off points
for the major trade routes
for the major trade routes
156
508688
3191
那是加歐，橫越撒哈拉沙漠
主要貿易路線的出發點之一。
主要貿易路線的出發點之一。
08:43
across the Sahara.
157
511903
1452
08:45
At the end of the harvest,
158
513379
1326
在收穫結束時，
08:46
the Bozo take the leftover rice straw
159
514729
2159
博佐族會把殘存的稻草拿來用，
08:48
and they mix it with mud to reinforce
their roofs and the village mosque.
their roofs and the village mosque.
160
516912
3619
將它們和泥巴混合，來強化
他們的屋頂和村落的清真寺。
他們的屋頂和村落的清真寺。
08:52
I must have flown over a dozen
villages like this along the Niger River,
villages like this along the Niger River,
161
520555
3388
我大概飛越了十多個
像這樣的尼日河延岸村落，
像這樣的尼日河延岸村落，
08:55
and each one was unique,
it had a different pattern.
it had a different pattern.
162
523967
2506
每一個都獨一無二，有不同的模式。
08:58
and each mosque was like
a sculptural masterpiece,
a sculptural masterpiece,
163
526497
2342
每座清真寺都像是個雕塑傑作，
09:00
and no two were alike.
164
528863
1278
沒有任何兩座是相似的。
09:02
I've flown all over the world,
and nothing can really compare
and nothing can really compare
165
530869
2859
我已經飛過全世界，沒有什麼比得上
非洲的文化多樣性。
09:05
to the cultural diversity of Africa.
166
533752
1716
在每個國家都看得到，
09:07
You see it in every country,
167
535492
1460
09:09
from Morocco
168
537379
1150
從摩洛哥，
09:11
to Ethiopia,
169
539871
1500
到衣索比亞，
09:14
to South Africa,
170
542590
1150
到南非，
09:17
to Mozambique,
171
545226
1500
到莫三比克，
09:19
to South Sudan,
172
547987
1500
到南蘇丹，
09:23
to Mali.
173
551361
1703
到馬利。
09:25
The array of environments
and cultural adaptations to them
and cultural adaptations to them
174
553088
3493
各式各樣的環境以及
對環境所做出的文化適應
對環境所做出的文化適應
09:28
is really extraordinary,
175
556605
1253
實在很不凡，
09:29
and the history is pretty cool too.
176
557882
1817
歷史也相當酷。
09:32
From the air, I have a unique window
into the earliest waves
into the earliest waves
177
560259
2811
從空中，我有個獨特的視野
可以看見最早的殖民歷史浪潮。
可以看見最早的殖民歷史浪潮。
09:35
of colonial history.
178
563094
1151
這是昔蘭尼，
在利比亞的海岸山脈上，
在利比亞的海岸山脈上，
09:36
This is Cyrene on the coastal
mountains of Libya,
mountains of Libya,
179
564269
2316
09:38
that was founded by the Greeks,
in 700 BC, as a learning center,
in 700 BC, as a learning center,
180
566609
3000
在西元前 700 年由希臘人建造，
做為學習中心用，
做為學習中心用，
09:41
and Timgad, which was founded
in what's now Algeria
in what's now Algeria
181
569633
2660
還有提姆加德，它的所在地
現在是阿爾及利亞，
現在是阿爾及利亞，
09:44
by the Romans in 100 AD.
182
572317
1421
由羅馬人在西元 100 年建立。
09:45
This was built as a retirement community
for old Roman soldiers,
for old Roman soldiers,
183
573762
3658
它本來的用途是當
老羅馬士兵的退休社區，
老羅馬士兵的退休社區，
09:49
and it amazed me to think
184
577444
2000
光是想到北非曾經是
09:51
that North Africa was once
the breadbasket for the Roman Empire.
the breadbasket for the Roman Empire.
185
579468
3031
羅馬帝國的糧倉，就讓我感到驚奇。
09:54
But 700 years after Timgad was built,
it was buried in sand,
it was buried in sand,
186
582897
3381
但提姆加德在建立之後七百年，
就被掩埋在沙中，
就被掩埋在沙中，
09:58
and even then, the African climate
was wetter than it is today.
was wetter than it is today.
187
586302
3579
即使是當時，非洲氣候也比現在還濕。
10:02
The African climate continues to change,
188
590709
2022
非洲氣候持續在改變，
10:04
and you see it everywhere,
189
592755
1557
在各處都可以看到，
10:06
like here in the Gorges de Ziz,
190
594336
1810
比如在濟茲峽谷這裡，
10:08
where a freak rainstorm
came barreling out of the Sahara
came barreling out of the Sahara
191
596170
2856
一場反常的暴風雨
快速掃過撒哈拉沙漠，
快速掃過撒哈拉沙漠，
10:11
and blanketed the mountains in snow.
192
599050
1738
讓山上被雪覆蓋。
10:13
I never thought I would see
date palms in snow,
date palms in snow,
193
601669
3381
我從來沒有想過
我會看到雪中的棗椰樹，
我會看到雪中的棗椰樹，
10:17
but the kids that day had a great time
throwing snowballs at each other.
throwing snowballs at each other.
194
605074
3592
但那天，孩子們都
開心地向彼此丟雪球。
開心地向彼此丟雪球。
10:21
But it made me wonder,
how are Africans going to adapt
how are Africans going to adapt
195
609536
2571
但這現象讓我納悶，
非洲人要如何適應
非洲人要如何適應
10:24
to this rapidly changing
climate going forward?
climate going forward?
196
612131
2758
正在快速變遷的氣候？
10:26
In a continent as dynamic
and diverse as Africa,
and diverse as Africa,
197
614913
2477
在像非洲這樣動態且多元的大陸，
10:29
sometimes it seems
that the only constant is change.
that the only constant is change.
198
617414
2594
有時似乎唯一不變的事
就是一切在變。
就是一切在變。
10:32
But one thing I've learned
199
620625
1251
但我學到了一件事，
10:33
is that Africans
are the ultimate improvisers,
are the ultimate improvisers,
200
621900
2144
非洲人非常會即興做出應變，
10:36
always adapting and finding a way forward.
201
624068
2168
他們總是在適應並找到前進的路。
10:38
Thank you.
202
626763
1151
謝謝。
10:39
(Applause)
203
627938
3270
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
George Steinmetz - Aerial photographerBest known for his exploration photography, George Steinmetz has a restless curiosity for the unknown: remote deserts, obscure cultures and the mysteries of science and technology.
Why you should listen
Since 1986, George Steinmetz has completed more than 40 major photo essays for National Geographic and 25 stories for GEO magazine in Germany, exploring the most remote stretches of Arabia's Empty Quarter to the unknown tree people of Irian Jaya. His expeditions to the Sahara and Gobi deserts have been featured in separate "National Geographic Explorer" programs. In 2006 he was awarded a grant by the National Science Foundation to document the work of scientists in the Dry Valleys and volcanoes of Antarctica.
Steinmetz began his career in photography after hitchhiking through Africa for 28 months. He then spent fifteen years photographing all of the world’s extreme deserts while piloting a motorized paraglider. This experimental aircraft enables him to capture unique images of the world, inaccessible by traditional aircraft and most other modes of transportation. He has authored four books, and his current project is documenting the challenge of meeting humanity’s rapidly expanding demand for food.
George Steinmetz | Speaker | TED.com