TED2010
Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution!
Sir Ken Robinson: Amunt la revolució de l'ensenyament!
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En aquesta punyent i divertida continuació a la seva famosa xerrada del 2006, Sir Ken Robinson argumenta en favor d'un canvi radical des de les escoles estandarditzades cap a l'aprenentatge personalitzat, és a dir, creant les condicions on els talents naturals dels nens puguin desenvolupar-se.
Ken Robinson - Author/educator
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I was here four years ago,
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Vaig estar aquí fa quatre anys,
00:15
and I remember, at the time,
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i recordo que, llavors,
00:17
that the talks weren't put online.
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les xerrades no es penjaven a internet;
00:20
I think they were given to TEDsters in a box,
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crec que les donaven als participants de TED dins d'una capsa,
00:24
a box set of DVDs,
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una capsa de DVDs,
00:26
which they put on their shelves, where they are now.
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que desaven en una prestatgeria, on encara hi són ara.
00:29
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
00:31
And actually, Chris called me
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I de fet en Chris en va trucar
00:33
a week after I'd given my talk
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una setmana després que hagués fet la meva xerrada
00:35
and he said, "We're going to start putting them online.
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i em va dir, "Començarem a penjar-les a internet.
00:37
Can we put yours online?" And I said, "Sure."
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Podem penjar-hi la teva?" I vaig dir, "És clar que sí."
00:40
And four years later,
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I quatre anys després,
00:42
as I said, it's been seen by four ...
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com deia, ha estat vista per quatre...
00:44
Well, it's been downloaded four million times.
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Bé, ha estat descarregada quatre milions de vegades.
00:47
So I suppose you could multiply that by 20 or something
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Així que suposo que es podria multiplicar això per 20 o així
00:50
to get the number of people who've seen it.
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per obtenir el nombre de persones que l'han vist.
00:52
And, as Chris says, there is a hunger
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I com diu Chris, la gent té ganes
00:56
for videos of me.
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de veure més vídeos meus.
00:58
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
01:01
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
01:06
... don't you feel?
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... no ho creieu?
01:07
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
01:12
So, this whole event has been an elaborate build-up
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Així que tot aquest esdeveniment ha estat una estratègia elaborada
01:15
to me doing another one for you, so here it is.
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perquè fes una altra xerrada, o sigui que aquí està.
01:19
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
01:22
Al Gore spoke
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Al Gore va parlar
01:24
at the TED conference I spoke at four years ago
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a la conferència de TED en la qual vaig parlar jo fa quatre anys
01:27
and talked about the climate crisis.
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i va parlar sobre el canvi climàtic.
01:29
And I referenced that
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I vaig fer-hi esment
01:31
at the end of my last talk.
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al final de la meva última xerrada.
01:33
So I want to pick up from there
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Així que voldria continuar des d'allà mateix
01:35
because I only had 18 minutes, frankly.
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perquè, francament, només vaig tenir 18 minuts.
01:38
So, as I was saying...
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Bé, com anava dient...
01:40
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
01:48
You see, he's right.
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La veritat és que té raó.
01:50
I mean, there is a major climate crisis, obviously,
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Vull dir, sí que hi ha una gran crisi climàtica, òbviament.
01:53
and I think if people don't believe it, they should get out more.
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I crec que si la gent no s'ho creu, haurien de sortir una mica més.
01:56
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
01:59
But I believe there's a second climate crisis,
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Però crec que encara hi ha una segona crisi climàtica,
02:03
which is as severe,
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que és tan severa com la primera,
02:05
which has the same origins,
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que té el mateix origen,
02:08
and that we have to deal with with the same urgency.
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i que hem d'abordar amb la mateixa urgència.
02:11
And I mean by this --
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I amb això em refereixo a -
02:13
and you may say, by the way, "Look, I'm good.
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i direu, per cert, "Miri, ja estic bé així.
02:15
I have one climate crisis;
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Ja tinc una crisi climàtica;
02:17
I don't really need the second one."
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així que no en necessito una altra."
02:20
But this is a crisis of, not natural resources --
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Però aquesta és una crisi, no de recursos naturals,
02:22
though I believe that's true --
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tot i que crec que això és veritat,
02:25
but a crisis of human resources.
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sinó una crisi de recursos humans.
02:27
I believe fundamentally,
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Crec, fonamentalment,
02:29
as many speakers have said during the past few days,
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com han dit diversos ponents durant aquests dies,
02:31
that we make very poor use
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que fem un ús molt pobre
02:34
of our talents.
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dels nostres talents.
02:37
Very many people go through their whole lives
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Molta gent es passa tota la vida
02:39
having no real sense of what their talents may be,
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sense saber quins són els seus talents,
02:42
or if they have any to speak of.
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o fins i tot, si en tenen algun.
02:44
I meet all kinds of people
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He conegut tota mena de gent
02:46
who don't think they're really good at anything.
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que no creu que sigui bona en res.
02:50
Actually, I kind of divide the world into two groups now.
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De fet, d'alguna manera, ara divideixo el món en dos grups.
02:53
Jeremy Bentham, the great utilitarian philosopher,
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Jeremy Bentham, el gran filòsof utilitari,
02:56
once spiked this argument.
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un cop va desenvolupar aquest argument.
02:58
He said, "There are two types of people in this world:
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Va dir, "Hi ha dos tipus de persones al món,
03:00
those who divide the world into two types
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els que divideixen el món en dos tipus
03:02
and those who do not."
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i els que no."
03:04
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
03:09
Well, I do.
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Bé, doncs jo sí que ho faig.
03:11
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
03:16
I meet all kinds of people
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He conegut molts tipus de gent
03:18
who don't enjoy what they do.
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que no disfruten amb el que fan.
03:21
They simply go through their lives
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Simplement es passen la vida
03:23
getting on with it.
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envellint.
03:25
They get no great pleasure from what they do.
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No en treuen cap gran plaer del que fan.
03:27
They endure it rather than enjoy it
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Ho suporten, més que ho disfruten,
03:30
and wait for the weekend.
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i nomès esperen el cap de setmana.
03:33
But I also meet people
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Però també he conegut gent
03:35
who love what they do
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a qui els encanta el que fan
03:37
and couldn't imagine doing anything else.
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i no podrien imaginar-se fent una altra cosa.
03:39
If you said to them, "Don't do this anymore," they'd wonder what you were talking about.
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Si els diguessis "No facis això mai més", es preguntarien de què els estàs parlant.
03:42
Because it isn't what they do, it's who they are. They say,
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Perquè no és el que fan, és el que són. Diuen,
03:45
"But this is me, you know.
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"Però això és el que jo sóc, saps?
03:47
It would be foolish for me to abandon this, because
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Seria estúpid per mi deixar de fer això, perquè
03:49
it speaks to my most authentic self."
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connecta amb el meu jo més autèntic."
03:51
And it's not true of enough people.
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I això no li passa a prou gent.
03:54
In fact, on the contrary, I think
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De fet, al contrari, crec
03:56
it's still true of a minority of people.
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que és veritablement una minoria de gent.
03:58
I think there are many
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I crec que hi ha diverses
04:00
possible explanations for it.
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explicacions possibles per això.
04:02
And high among them
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I en un dels primers llocs
04:04
is education,
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hi ha l'educació,
04:06
because education, in a way,
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perquè l'educació, d'alguna manera,
04:08
dislocates very many people
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separa a moltíssima gent
04:10
from their natural talents.
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dels seus talents naturals.
04:12
And human resources are like natural resources;
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I els recursos humans són com els recursos naturals;
04:15
they're often buried deep.
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molts cops són enterrats en la profunditat.
04:17
You have to go looking for them,
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I has d'anar a buscar-los.
04:19
they're not just lying around on the surface.
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No estan allà disposats a la superfície.
04:21
You have to create the circumstances where they show themselves.
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Has de crear les circumstàncies perquè es manifestin.
04:24
And you might imagine
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I potser us penseu que
04:26
education would be the way that happens,
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l'educació és la manera que això passi.
04:28
but too often it's not.
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Però, massa sovint, no ho és.
04:30
Every education system in the world
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Tots els sistemes d'educació del món
04:32
is being reformed at the moment
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s'estan reformant en aquests moments.
04:34
and it's not enough.
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I no n'hi ha prou.
04:36
Reform is no use anymore,
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La reforma ja no serveix,
04:38
because that's simply improving a broken model.
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perquè només tracta de millorar un model que no funciona.
04:41
What we need --
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I el que cal --
04:43
and the word's been used many times during the course of the past few days --
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i aquesta paraula s'ha fet servir moltes vegades durant aquests darrers dies --
04:45
is not evolution,
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no és una evolució,
04:47
but a revolution in education.
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sinó una revolució en l'educació.
04:50
This has to be transformed
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Això s'ha de transformar
04:52
into something else.
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en una altra cosa.
04:54
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
05:00
One of the real challenges
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Un dels reptes reals
05:02
is to innovate fundamentally
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es innovar fonamentalment
05:04
in education.
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en educació.
05:06
Innovation is hard
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La innovació és difícil
05:08
because it means doing something
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perquè significa fer alguna cosa
05:10
that people don't find very easy, for the most part.
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que la gent no troba gaire fàcil de fer en la majoria dels casos.
05:12
It means challenging what we take for granted,
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Significa qüestionar coses que donem per fetes,
05:15
things that we think are obvious.
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coses que creiem que són òbvies.
05:18
The great problem for reform
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El gran problema per a una reforma
05:20
or transformation
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o transformació
05:22
is the tyranny of common sense;
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és la tirania del sentit comú,
05:24
things that people think,
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coses que la gent pensa,
05:26
"Well, it can't be done any other way because that's the way it's done."
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"Bé, no és pot fer d'una altra manera perquè així és com es fa."
05:28
I came across a great quote recently from Abraham Lincoln,
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Vaig trobar fa poc una cita fantàstica d'Abraham Lincoln,
05:31
who I thought you'd be pleased to have quoted at this point.
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que vaig pensar que us agradaria que us cités en aquest moment.
05:34
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
05:36
He said this in December 1862
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Això ho va dir el desembre de 1862
05:39
to the second annual meeting of Congress.
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en la segona reunió anual del Congrés.
05:43
I ought to explain that I have no idea what was happening at the time.
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He de confessar que no en tinc ni idea del que estava passant en aquells moments.
05:48
We don't teach American history in Britain.
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No ensenyem Història Americana al Regne Unit.
05:50
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
05:52
We suppress it. You know, this is our policy.
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La suprimim i prou. Aquesta és la nostra política.
05:55
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
05:58
So, no doubt, something fascinating was happening in December 1862,
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Així que, sens dubte, alguna cosa fascinant estava succeïnt el desembre de 1862,
06:00
which the Americans among us
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que els americans entre nosaltres
06:02
will be aware of.
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sabran.
06:05
But he said this:
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Però va dir això:
06:07
"The dogmas
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"Els dogmes
06:09
of the quiet past
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del passat tranquil
06:11
are inadequate to the stormy present.
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són inadequats per al present tormentós.
06:14
The occasion
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Aquest moment
06:16
is piled high with difficulty,
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està ple de dificultats,
06:18
and we must rise with the occasion."
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i ens hem d'alçar amb l'oportunitat."
06:21
I love that.
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M'encanta.
06:23
Not rise to it, rise with it.
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No alçar-nos contra ella, sinó alçar-nos amb ella.
06:27
"As our case is new,
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"Com que el nostre cas és nou,
06:29
so we must think anew
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cal que pensem de manera diferent
06:32
and act anew.
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i actuem de manera diferent.
06:35
We must disenthrall ourselves,
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Ens hem de desenlluernar
06:38
and then we shall save our country."
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i llavors podrem salvar el nostre país."
06:41
I love that word, "disenthrall."
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M'encanta aquesta paraula, "desenlluernar".
06:43
You know what it means?
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Sabeu el que vol dir?
06:45
That there are ideas that all of us are enthralled to,
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Que hi ha idees que a tots ens enlluernen,
06:48
which we simply take for granted
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que simplement donem per fet
06:50
as the natural order of things, the way things are.
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com l'ordre natural de les coses, la manera com són.
06:52
And many of our ideas
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I moltes de les nostres idees
06:54
have been formed, not to meet the circumstances of this century,
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han estat formades, no per enfrontar les circumstàncies d'aquest segle,
06:57
but to cope with the circumstances of previous centuries.
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sinó per enfrontar les circumstàncies dels segles anteriors.
07:00
But our minds are still hypnotized by them,
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Però les nostres ments encara hi estan hipnotitzades.
07:02
and we have to disenthrall ourselves of some of them.
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I ens hem de desenlluernar d'algunes d'elles.
07:05
Now, doing this is easier said than done.
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Ara, això és més fàcil dir-ho que fer-ho.
07:08
It's very hard to know, by the way, what it is you take for granted. (Laughter)
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És molt difícil saber, per cert, què és el que dones per fet.
07:11
And the reason is that you take it for granted.
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Precisament perquè ho dones per fet.
07:14
So let me ask you something you may take for granted.
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Així que deixeu-me que us pregunti una cosa que segurament doneu per feta.
07:17
How many of you here are over the age of 25?
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Quants de vosaltres teniu més de 25 anys?
07:20
That's not what I think you take for granted,
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Això no és el que penso que doneu per fet.
07:22
I'm sure you're familiar with that already.
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Estic segur que ja us hi heu acostumat a això.
07:24
Are there any people here under the age of 25?
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Hi ha algú aquí menor de 25?
07:27
Great. Now, those over 25,
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Fantàstic. Ara, els majors de 25,
07:30
could you put your hands up if you're wearing your wristwatch?
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podríeu aixecar la mà si porteu un rellotge de pulsera?
07:33
Now that's a great deal of us, isn't it?
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Bé, en som uns quants, oi?
07:36
Ask a room full of teenagers the same thing.
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Pregunteu això mateix a una sala plena d'adolescents.
07:39
Teenagers do not wear wristwatches.
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Els adolescents no porten rellotges de pulsera.
07:41
I don't mean they can't or they're not allowed to,
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No vull dir que no puguin o que no els hi estigui permès,
07:43
they just often choose not to.
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simplement moltes vegades trien no fer-ho.
07:45
And the reason is, you see, that we were brought up
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I la raó d'això és perquè nosaltres vam créixer
07:47
in a pre-digital culture, those of us over 25.
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en una cultura predigital, els majors de 25.
07:50
And so for us, if you want to know the time
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I per nosaltres, si volem saber l'hora,
07:52
you have to wear something to tell it.
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hem de portar alguna cosa que ens ho digui.
07:54
Kids now live in a world which is digitized,
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El jovent d'ara viu en un món digitalitzat,
07:57
and the time, for them, is everywhere.
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i l'hora, per a ells, està a tot arreu.
07:59
They see no reason to do this.
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No veuen cap raó per portar rellotge.
08:01
And by the way, you don't need to do it either;
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I, per cert, a nosaltres tampoc no ens cal,
08:03
it's just that you've always done it and you carry on doing it.
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simplement és que sempre ho hem fet, i ho seguim fent.
08:06
My daughter never wears a watch, my daughter Kate, who's 20.
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La meva filla mai porta rellotge, la meva filla Kate, que té 20 anys.
08:09
She doesn't see the point.
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No hi veu el perquè.
08:11
As she says, "It's a single function device."
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Com diu ella, "És un aparell de funció única."
08:14
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
08:19
"Like, how lame is that?"
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"O sigui, que cutre no?"
08:22
And I say, "No, no, it tells the date as well."
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I li dic, "No, no, també et diu el dia!"
08:24
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
08:29
"It has multiple functions."
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"Té moltes funcions."
08:32
But, you see, there are things we're enthralled to in education.
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Però, veieu, hi ha coses que ens enlluernen en l'educació.
08:35
Let me give you a couple of examples.
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Us posaré un parell d'exemples.
08:37
One of them is the idea of linearity:
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Un d'ells és l'idea de la linealitat,
08:40
that it starts here and you go through a track
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que comença aquí, i vas per un camí,
08:43
and if you do everything right, you will end up
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i si ho fas tot bé, acabaràs
08:45
set for the rest of your life.
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assentat per tota la vida.
08:49
Everybody who's spoken at TED has told us implicitly,
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Tothom que ha parlat a TED ens ha explicat implícitament,
08:51
or sometimes explicitly, a different story:
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o de vegades explícitament, una història ben diferent,
08:54
that life is not linear; it's organic.
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que la vida no és lineal, és orgànica.
08:57
We create our lives symbiotically
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Creem les nostres vides simbiòticament
08:59
as we explore our talents
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mentre explorem els nostres talents
09:01
in relation to the circumstances they help to create for us.
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en relació a les circumstàncies que creen per a nosaltres.
09:04
But, you know, we have become obsessed
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Però, sabeu, ens hem obsessionat
09:06
with this linear narrative.
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amb aquesta narrativa lineal.
09:08
And probably the pinnacle for education
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I probablement el cim de l'educació
09:10
is getting you to college.
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és entrar a la universitat.
09:12
I think we are obsessed with getting people to college.
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Crec que estem obsessionats amb portar la gent a la universitat,
09:15
Certain sorts of college.
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a alguns tipus d'universitats
09:17
I don't mean you shouldn't go to college, but not everybody needs to go
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No vull dir que no s'hauria d'anar a la universitat, però no tothom necessita anar-hi,
09:19
and not everybody needs to go now.
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i no tothom necessita anar-hi ara.
09:21
Maybe they go later, not right away.
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Potser hi aniran més tard, però no tot seguit.
09:23
And I was up in San Francisco a while ago
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Vaig estar a San Francisco fa un temps
09:25
doing a book signing.
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firmant llibres.
09:27
There was this guy buying a book, he was in his 30s.
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Hi havia un home comprant un llibre, tenia 30 anys i escaig.
09:29
And I said, "What do you do?"
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I li vaig dir, "A què es dedica vostè?"
09:31
And he said, "I'm a fireman."
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I em va dir, "Sóc bomber."
09:34
And I said, "How long have you been a fireman?"
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I li vaig dir, "Quant de temps fa que és bomber?"
09:36
He said, "Always. I've always been a fireman."
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Em va dir, "Sempre, sempre he estat bomber."
09:38
And I said, "Well, when did you decide?"
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I li vaig dir, "Bé, quan ho va decidir?"
09:40
He said, "As a kid." He said, "Actually, it was a problem for me at school,
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Va dir, "De nen." Va dir, "De fet, era un problema per a mi a l'escola,
09:43
because at school, everybody wanted to be a fireman."
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perquè a l'escola, tothom volia ser bomber,"
09:46
He said, "But I wanted to be a fireman."
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Va dir, "Però jo realment volia ser bomber."
09:49
And he said, "When I got to the senior year of school,
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I va dir, "A l'últim curs de l'institut,
09:52
my teachers didn't take it seriously.
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els meus professors no s'ho prenien seriosament.
09:55
This one teacher didn't take it seriously.
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Hi havia un professor que no s'ho prenia seriosament.
09:57
He said I was throwing my life away
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Em va dir que estava llençant la meva vida
09:59
if that's all I chose to do with it;
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si això era tot el que escollia fer-ne,
10:01
that I should go to college, I should become a professional person,
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que hauria d'anar a la universitat, i convertir-me en un professional,
10:04
that I had great potential
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que tenia un gran potencial,
10:06
and I was wasting my talent to do that."
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i que estava malgastant el meu talent fent això."
10:08
And he said, "It was humiliating because
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I em va dir, "Va ser humiliant perquè
10:10
he said it in front of the whole class and I really felt dreadful.
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ho va dir davant de tota la classe, i em vaig sentir fatal.
10:12
But it's what I wanted, and as soon as I left school,
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Però era el que jo volia, i tan bon punt vaig deixar l'escola,
10:14
I applied to the fire service and I was accepted."
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em vaig presentar al cos de bombers i m'hi van acceptar."
10:17
And he said, "You know, I was thinking about that guy recently,
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I va dir, "Sap vostè, estava pensant en aquell home just ara,
10:19
just a few minutes ago when you were speaking, about this teacher,"
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fa uns minuts mentre vostè parlava, en aquell professor,"
10:22
he said, "because six months ago,
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va dir "perquè fa sis mesos,
10:24
I saved his life."
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li vaig salvar la vida."
10:26
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
10:28
He said, "He was in a car wreck,
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Va dir, "Ell estava en un accident de cotxe,
10:30
and I pulled him out, gave him CPR,
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i li'n vaig treure, li vaig fer un massatge cardíac,
10:33
and I saved his wife's life as well."
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i també vaig salvar la vida de la seva dona."
10:36
He said, "I think he thinks better of me now."
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Em va dir, "Crec que ara té una millor opinió de mí."
10:38
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
10:40
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
10:46
You know, to me,
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No sé, per a mi,
10:48
human communities depend upon
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les comunitats humanes depenen d'una
10:50
a diversity of talent,
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diversitat de talents,
10:52
not a singular conception of ability.
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i no d'un únic concepte de capacitat.
10:55
And at the heart of our challenges --
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I en el fons dels nostres reptes --
10:57
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
10:59
At the heart of the challenge
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En el fons dels nostres reptes
11:01
is to reconstitute our sense of ability
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està el redefinir el nostre sentit de la capacitat
11:03
and of intelligence.
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i de la intel·ligència.
11:05
This linearity thing is a problem.
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Aquesta història de la linealitat és un problema.
11:07
When I arrived in L.A.
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Quan vaig arribar a Los Angeles
11:09
about nine years ago,
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fa uns nou anys,
11:11
I came across a policy statement --
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em vaig trobar amb una declaració de principis,
11:14
very well-intentioned --
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molt benintencionada,
11:16
which said, "College begins in kindergarten."
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que deia, "La universitat comença a la llar d'infants."
11:21
No, it doesn't.
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Doncs no.
11:23
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
11:26
It doesn't.
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Que no!
11:28
If we had time, I could go into this, but we don't.
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Si tinguéssim temps, em podria estendre sobre això, però no en tenim.
11:31
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
11:33
Kindergarten begins in kindergarten.
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La llar d'infants comença a la llar d'infants.
11:35
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
11:37
A friend of mine once said,
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Un amic meu un cop va dir,
11:39
"You know, a three year-old is not half a six year-old."
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"A veure, un nen de 3 anys no és mig nen de 6 anys."
11:42
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
11:44
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
11:49
They're three.
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Tenen tres anys.
11:51
But as we just heard in this last session,
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Però, com hem sentit en aquesta última sessió,
11:53
there's such competition now to get into kindergarten --
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hi ha tanta competència ara per entrar a la llar d'infants,
11:56
to get to the right kindergarten --
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per entrar a la llar d'infants correcta,
11:58
that people are being interviewed for it at three.
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que la gent està sent entrevistada per això als tres anys.
12:03
Kids sitting in front of unimpressed panels,
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Els nens asseguts davant de pissarres en blanc,
12:05
you know, with their resumes,
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oi?, amb els seus currículums,
12:07
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
12:10
flipping through and saying, "Well, this is it?"
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fullejant-los i dient, "Com, i això és tot?"
12:12
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
12:14
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
12:17
"You've been around for 36 months, and this is it?"
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"Has estat per aquí 36 mesos, i això és tot?"
12:20
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
12:27
"You've achieved nothing -- commit.
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"No has aconseguit res, coi.
12:30
Spent the first six months breastfeeding, the way I can see it."
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I a més vas estar els primers 6 mesos mamant, pel que veig."
12:33
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
12:38
See, it's outrageous as a conception, but it [unclear].
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Veieu, és una concepció ultratjant, però atrau a la gent.
12:41
The other big issue is conformity.
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L'altre tema gran és la conformitat.
12:43
We have built our education systems
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Hem construit els nostres sistemes educatius
12:45
on the model of fast food.
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sobre el model del menjar ràpid.
12:47
This is something Jamie Oliver talked about the other day.
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Jamie Oliver ja va parlar d'això l'altre dia.
12:50
You know there are two models of quality assurance in catering.
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Sabeu que hi ha dos models d'assegurar-se la qualitat en el menjar.
12:52
One is fast food,
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Un és el menjar ràpid,
12:54
where everything is standardized.
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on tot està estandarditzat.
12:56
The other are things like Zagat and Michelin restaurants,
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I l'altre són coses com els restaurants Zagat i Michelin,
12:58
where everything is not standardized,
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on no hi ha res estandarditzat,
13:00
they're customized to local circumstances.
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sinó que està personalitzat segons les circumstàncies locals.
13:02
And we have sold ourselves into a fast food model of education,
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I ens hem venut a un model d'educació de menjar ràpid.
13:05
and it's impoverishing our spirit and our energies
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Que està empobrint el nostre esperit i les nostres energies
13:08
as much as fast food is depleting our physical bodies.
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tal com el menjar ràpid està debilitant el nostre cos físic.
13:11
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
13:17
I think we have to recognize a couple of things here.
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Crec que hem de reconéixer un parell de coses.
13:19
One is that human talent is tremendously diverse.
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Una és que el talent humà és tremendament divers.
13:22
People have very different aptitudes.
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Que la gent té aptituds molt diferents.
13:24
I worked out recently that
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Vaig saber fa poc que
13:26
I was given a guitar as a kid
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de nen em van donar una guitarra
13:28
at about the same time that Eric Clapton got his first guitar.
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més o menys a la mateixa edat que l'Eric Clapton va tenir la seva primera guitarra.
13:32
You know, it worked out for Eric, that's all I'm saying.
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Bé, jo només dic que a l'Eric li va funcionar i ja està.
13:35
(Laughter)
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(Rialles)
13:37
In a way, it did not for me.
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D'alguna manera, a mi no.
13:39
I could not get this thing to work
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No vaig poder fer funcionar allò
13:42
no matter how often or how hard I blew into it.
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per molt sovint o molt fort que hi bufés.
13:44
(Laughter) It just wouldn't work.
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Senzillament, no va funcionar.
13:49
But it's not only about that.
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Però això no ho és tot.
13:51
It's about passion.
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També hi ha la passió.
13:53
Often, people are good at things they don't really care for.
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Ben sovint, la gent és bona en coses que realment no els importen gaire.
13:55
It's about passion,
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El que realment importa és la passió,
13:57
and what excites our spirit and our energy.
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i allò que entusiasma el nostre esperit i la nostra energia.
14:00
And if you're doing the thing that you love to do, that you're good at,
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I si fas el que t'agrada, el que se't dóna bé,
14:03
time takes a different course entirely.
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el temps pren un camí totalment diferent.
14:06
My wife's just finished writing a novel,
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La meva dona fa poc que ha acabat una novel·la,
14:09
and I think it's a great book,
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i crec que és un llibre fantàstic,
14:11
but she disappears for hours on end.
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però desapareix durant hores i hores.
14:14
You know this, if you're doing something you love,
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Ja ho sabeu això, si estàs fent una cosa que t'agrada,
14:16
an hour feels like five minutes.
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una hora sembla cinc minuts.
14:19
If you're doing something that doesn't resonate with your spirit,
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Si estàs fent una cosa en què el teu esperit no vibra,
14:21
five minutes feels like an hour.
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cinc minuts semblen una hora.
14:23
And the reason so many people are opting out of education
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I la raó per la qual tanta gent està abandonant l'educació
14:26
is because it doesn't feed their spirit,
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és perquè no alimenta el seu esperit,
14:28
it doesn't feed their energy or their passion.
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no alimenta la seva energia o la seva passió.
14:31
So I think we have to change metaphors.
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Així que crec que hem de canviar els paradigmes.
14:34
We have to go from what is essentially an industrial model of education,
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Hem d'anar del que és essencialment un model industrial d'educació,
14:37
a manufacturing model,
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un model de fabricació,
14:39
which is based on linearity
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basat en la linealitat
14:41
and conformity and batching people.
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la conformitat i l'homogeneització de la gent.
14:44
We have to move to a model
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Hem d'anar cap a un model
14:46
that is based more on principles of agriculture.
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més basat en els principis de l'agricultura.
14:49
We have to recognize that human flourishing
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Hem de reconéixer que el procés del creixement humà
14:52
is not a mechanical process;
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no és un procés mecànic,
14:54
it's an organic process.
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sinó que és un procés orgànic.
14:56
And you cannot predict the outcome of human development.
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I no es pot predir el resultat del desenvolupament humà;
14:59
All you can do, like a farmer,
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l'únic que es pot fer, com un pagès,
15:01
is create the conditions under which
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és crear les condicions sota les quals
15:03
they will begin to flourish.
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començarà a florir.
15:05
So when we look at reforming education and transforming it,
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Així, quan mirem de reformar l'educació i transformar-la,
15:08
it isn't like cloning a system.
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no és com clonar un sistema.
15:11
There are great ones, like KIPP's; it's a great system.
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N'hi han de fantàstics com el KIPPs, és un sistema genial.
15:13
There are many great models.
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Hi ha molts models molt bons.
15:15
It's about customizing to your circumstances
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Es tracta de personalitzar-lo a les teves circumstàncies,
15:18
and personalizing education
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i personalitzar l'educació
15:20
to the people you're actually teaching.
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per a la gent que estàs ensenyant en aquest moment.
15:22
And doing that, I think,
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I crec que fer això
15:24
is the answer to the future
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és la resposta pel futur
15:26
because it's not about scaling a new solution;
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perquè no es tracta de definir una solució nova;
15:29
it's about creating a movement in education
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es tracta de crear un moviment en educació
15:31
in which people develop their own solutions,
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en el qual la gent desenvolupi les seves pròpies solucions,
15:34
but with external support based on a personalized curriculum.
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però amb un suport extern basat en un currículum personalitzat.
15:37
Now in this room,
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Ara, en aquesta sala,
15:39
there are people who represent
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hi ha gent que representa
15:41
extraordinary resources in business,
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recursos extraordinaris en els negocis,
15:43
in multimedia, in the Internet.
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en multimèdia, en l'internet.
15:45
These technologies,
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Aquestes tecnonogies,
15:47
combined with the extraordinary talents of teachers,
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combinades amb l'extraordinari talent dels professors,
15:50
provide an opportunity to revolutionize education.
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proporcionen una oportunitat per revolucionar l'educació.
15:53
And I urge you to get involved in it
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I us animo a que us hi impliqueu
15:55
because it's vital, not just to ourselves,
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perquè és vital, no només per a nosaltres,
15:57
but to the future of our children.
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sinó pel futur dels nostres fills.
15:59
But we have to change from the industrial model
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Però hem de fer el canvi des del model industrial
16:01
to an agricultural model,
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cap al model de l'agricultura,
16:03
where each school can be flourishing tomorrow.
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on cada escola podrà florir demà.
16:06
That's where children experience life.
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Allà és on els nens experimenten la vida.
16:08
Or at home, if that's where they choose to be educated
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O a casa, si allà és on trien ser educats
16:10
with their families or their friends.
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amb les seves famílies o amics.
16:12
There's been a lot of talk about dreams
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S'ha parlat molt de somnis
16:14
over the course of this few days.
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durant aquests dies.
16:17
And I wanted to just very quickly ...
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I només m'agradaria, molt ràpidament --
16:19
I was very struck by Natalie Merchant's songs last night,
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em van emocionar molt les cançons de Natalie Merchant ahir a la nit,
16:22
recovering old poems.
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recuperant poemes antics.
16:24
I wanted to read you a quick, very short poem
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M'agradaria llegir-vos un poema ràpid, molt curt,
16:26
from W. B. Yeats, who some of you may know.
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de W. B. Yeats, que potser coneixereu.
16:29
He wrote this to his love,
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Va escriure això a la seva estimada,
16:31
Maud Gonne,
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Maud Gonne,
16:33
and he was bewailing the fact that
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i es lamentava del fet que
16:36
he couldn't really give her what he thought she wanted from him.
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no podia donar-li el que ell pensava que ella volia d'ell.
16:39
And he says, "I've got something else, but it may not be for you."
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I diu, "Tinc una altra cosa, però potser no és per a tu."
16:42
He says this:
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Diu així:
16:44
"Had I the heavens' embroidered cloths,
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"Si tingués les robes brodades del paradís,
16:47
Enwrought with gold
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guarnides d'or
16:49
and silver light,
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i llum de plata,
16:51
The blue and the dim
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Les robes blaus, tènues
16:53
and the dark cloths
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i fosques
16:55
Of night and light and the half-light,
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de la nit i de la llum i de la mitja llum,
16:58
I would spread the cloths under your feet:
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estendria les robes sota els teus peus;
17:01
But I, being poor,
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Però jo, pobre com sóc,
17:04
have only my dreams;
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nomès tinc els meus somnis;
17:07
I have spread my dreams under your feet;
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He estès els meus somnis sota els teus peus;
17:10
Tread softly
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Camina suaument
17:12
because you tread on my dreams."
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perquè camines sobre els meus somnis."
17:15
And every day, everywhere,
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I cada dia, a tot arreu,
17:18
our children spread their dreams beneath our feet.
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els nostres fills estenen els seus somnis sota els nostres peus.
17:21
And we should tread softly.
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I hauríem de caminar molt suaument.
17:24
Thank you.
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Gràcies.
17:26
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
17:43
Thank you very much.
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Moltes gràcies.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ken Robinson - Author/educatorCreativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence.
Why you should listen
Why don't we get the best out of people? Sir Ken Robinson argues that it's because we've been educated to become good workers, rather than creative thinkers. Students with restless minds and bodies -- far from being cultivated for their energy and curiosity -- are ignored or even stigmatized, with terrible consequences. "We are educating people out of their creativity," Robinson says. It's a message with deep resonance. Robinson's TED Talk has been distributed widely around the Web since its release in June 2006. The most popular words framing blog posts on his talk? "Everyone should watch this."
A visionary cultural leader, Sir Ken led the British government's 1998 advisory committee on creative and cultural education, a massive inquiry into the significance of creativity in the educational system and the economy, and was knighted in 2003 for his achievements. His 2009 book, The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything, is a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 21 languages. A 10th anniversary edition of his classic work on creativity and innovation, Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative, was published in 2011. His 2013 book, Finding Your Element: How to Discover Your Talents and Passions and Transform Your Life, is a practical guide that answers questions about finding your personal Element. In his latest book, Creative Schools: The Grassroots Revolution That’s Transforming Education, he argues for an end to our outmoded industrial educational system and proposes a highly personalized, organic approach that draws on today’s unprecedented technological and professional resources to engage all students.
Ken Robinson | Speaker | TED.com