TED2010
Sir Ken Robinson: Bring on the learning revolution!
Sir Ken Robinson: Cetuskan revolusi pendidikan!
Filmed:
Readability: 3.4
9,209,583 views
Dalam sambungan sinis kepada jenaka syarahan beliau pada 2006, Sir Ken Robinson mengutarakan hujahnya untuk perubahan mendadak dalam pendidikan daripada persekolahan standard kepada pendidikan berteraskan individu -- dengan mencipta suasana yang membantu perkembangan bakat semulajadi kanak-kanak.
Ken Robinson - Author/educator
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I was here four years ago,
0
1000
2000
Saya di sini 4 tahun lepas,
00:15
and I remember, at the time,
1
3000
2000
dan saya masih ingat, ketika itu,
00:17
that the talks weren't put online.
2
5000
3000
syarahan TED belumpun dimuat naik.
00:20
I think they were given to TEDsters in a box,
3
8000
4000
Rasanya, ia diberi kepada wargaTED
dalam kotak
dalam kotak
00:24
a box set of DVDs,
4
12000
2000
satu set kotak DVD,
yang diletakkan di atas rak,
dan masih disitu.
dan masih disitu.
00:26
which they put on their shelves, where they are now.
5
14000
3000
(Ketawa)
00:29
(Laughter)
6
17000
2000
00:31
And actually, Chris called me
7
19000
2000
Dan sebenarnya, Chris hubungi saya
seminggu selepas syarahan saya, katanya
seminggu selepas syarahan saya, katanya
00:33
a week after I'd given my talk
8
21000
2000
00:35
and he said, "We're going to start putting them online.
9
23000
2000
"Kami akan mula muat naik.
"Boleh kami muat naik video kamu?"
"Boleh kami muat naik video kamu?"
00:37
Can we put yours online?" And I said, "Sure."
10
25000
3000
Saya jawab, "Boleh saja."
00:40
And four years later,
11
28000
2000
4 tahun kemudian,
00:42
as I said, it's been seen by four ...
12
30000
2000
ia telah dimuat turun
sebanyak 4 juta kali.
sebanyak 4 juta kali.
00:44
Well, it's been downloaded four million times.
13
32000
3000
00:47
So I suppose you could multiply that by 20 or something
14
35000
3000
Rasanya ia boleh didarab
dengan 20 atau lebih
dengan 20 atau lebih
00:50
to get the number of people who've seen it.
15
38000
2000
untuk mengetahui
jumlah penonton.
jumlah penonton.
00:52
And, as Chris says, there is a hunger
16
40000
4000
Dan kata Chris, ramai yang ternanti-nanti
video saya.
video saya.
00:56
for videos of me.
17
44000
2000
(Ketawa)
00:58
(Laughter)
18
46000
3000
(Tepukan)
01:01
(Applause)
19
49000
3000
01:06
... don't you feel?
20
54000
1000
Apa pendapat kamu?
01:07
(Laughter)
21
55000
3000
(Ketawa)
Ucapan kali ini telah
dirancang sebagai sambungan
dirancang sebagai sambungan
01:12
So, this whole event has been an elaborate build-up
22
60000
3000
01:15
to me doing another one for you, so here it is.
23
63000
4000
untuk anda semua. Ayuh kita mulakan.
(Ketawa)
01:19
(Laughter)
24
67000
1000
Al Gore telah berucap di seminar TED
pada masa 4 tahun lalu
pada masa 4 tahun lalu
01:22
Al Gore spoke
25
70000
2000
01:24
at the TED conference I spoke at four years ago
26
72000
3000
01:27
and talked about the climate crisis.
27
75000
2000
dan berucap tentang krisis iklim.
01:29
And I referenced that
28
77000
2000
Saya menyebut tentang syarahannya
pada akhir syarahan saya.
pada akhir syarahan saya.
01:31
at the end of my last talk.
29
79000
2000
01:33
So I want to pick up from there
30
81000
2000
Jadi, saya mahu mulakan dari situ
01:35
because I only had 18 minutes, frankly.
31
83000
3000
kerana sebenarnya saya cuma ada 18 minit.
(Ketawa)
01:38
So, as I was saying...
32
86000
2000
Seperti yang disebut tadi --
01:40
(Laughter)
33
88000
5000
(Ketawa)
01:48
You see, he's right.
34
96000
2000
Ternyata, dia benar.
01:50
I mean, there is a major climate crisis, obviously,
35
98000
3000
Maksud saya, sememang
ada krisis iklim
ada krisis iklim
01:53
and I think if people don't believe it, they should get out more.
36
101000
3000
dan jika ada yang tidak percaya,
mereka perlu kerap keluar rumah.
mereka perlu kerap keluar rumah.
01:56
(Laughter)
37
104000
3000
(Ketawa)
01:59
But I believe there's a second climate crisis,
38
107000
3000
Namun saya percaya ada
krisis iklim kedua,
krisis iklim kedua,
02:03
which is as severe,
39
111000
2000
yang mana sama teruk,
02:05
which has the same origins,
40
113000
3000
yang mempunyai punca yang sama,
02:08
and that we have to deal with with the same urgency.
41
116000
3000
yang perlu ditangani dengan segera juga.
02:11
And I mean by this --
42
119000
2000
Anda mungkin berkata,
02:13
and you may say, by the way, "Look, I'm good.
43
121000
2000
"Beginilah, saya tak perlukan ini.
02:15
I have one climate crisis;
44
123000
2000
Saya punyai satu krisis iklim,
saya tak perlukan yang kedua."
saya tak perlukan yang kedua."
02:17
I don't really need the second one."
45
125000
3000
(Ketawa)
02:20
But this is a crisis of, not natural resources --
46
128000
2000
Namun ini bukanlah krisis sumber alam-
02:22
though I believe that's true --
47
130000
3000
walaupun saya berpendapat begitu --
tetapi ia krisis sumber manusia.
02:25
but a crisis of human resources.
48
133000
2000
02:27
I believe fundamentally,
49
135000
2000
Saya yakin, seperti yang
02:29
as many speakers have said during the past few days,
50
137000
2000
telah dijelaskan oleh ramai penceramah
beberapa hari lalu,
beberapa hari lalu,
02:31
that we make very poor use
51
139000
3000
bahawa kita tidak memanfaatkan
bakat yang ada.
bakat yang ada.
02:34
of our talents.
52
142000
3000
Ramai orang menjalani
kehidupan mereka
kehidupan mereka
02:37
Very many people go through their whole lives
53
145000
2000
02:39
having no real sense of what their talents may be,
54
147000
3000
tanpa menyedari bakat yang mereka ada,
02:42
or if they have any to speak of.
55
150000
2000
atau pun sedar sekiranya mereka berbakat.
02:44
I meet all kinds of people
56
152000
2000
Saya jumpa ramai orang
02:46
who don't think they're really good at anything.
57
154000
3000
yang menyangka mereka tiada kelebihan apa.
Sebenarnya, saya membahagikan dunia ini
kepada dua kumpulan.
kepada dua kumpulan.
02:50
Actually, I kind of divide the world into two groups now.
58
158000
3000
02:53
Jeremy Bentham, the great utilitarian philosopher,
59
161000
3000
Jeremy Bentham, seorang
ahli falsafah utilitarian ulung
ahli falsafah utilitarian ulung
02:56
once spiked this argument.
60
164000
2000
pernah berhujah begini.
02:58
He said, "There are two types of people in this world:
61
166000
2000
Katanya, "Ada dua jenis
manusia di dunia ini:
manusia di dunia ini:
03:00
those who divide the world into two types
62
168000
2000
yang membahagi dunia kepada dua jenis
03:02
and those who do not."
63
170000
2000
dan yang tidak."
(Ketawa)
03:04
(Laughter)
64
172000
3000
03:09
Well, I do.
65
177000
2000
Saya jenis pertama.
(Laughter)
03:11
(Laughter)
66
179000
2000
03:16
I meet all kinds of people
67
184000
2000
Saya jumpai banyak jenis manusia
yang tidak menikmati kerja mereka.
yang tidak menikmati kerja mereka.
03:18
who don't enjoy what they do.
68
186000
3000
03:21
They simply go through their lives
69
189000
2000
Mereka sekadar menjalani kehidupan
seharian.
seharian.
03:23
getting on with it.
70
191000
2000
Mereka tidak gembira
dengan apa yang dilakukan.
dengan apa yang dilakukan.
03:25
They get no great pleasure from what they do.
71
193000
2000
03:27
They endure it rather than enjoy it
72
195000
3000
Mereka melaluinya dan tidak menikmatinya,
03:30
and wait for the weekend.
73
198000
3000
dan menantikan hujung minggu.
03:33
But I also meet people
74
201000
2000
Saya juga temui mereka
yang menyukai apa yang dilakukan
dan tidak mahu menukar apa yang dilakukan.
dan tidak mahu menukar apa yang dilakukan.
03:35
who love what they do
75
203000
2000
03:37
and couldn't imagine doing anything else.
76
205000
2000
03:39
If you said to them, "Don't do this anymore," they'd wonder what you were talking about.
77
207000
3000
Jika anda kata,
"Hentikan kerja ini,"
"Hentikan kerja ini,"
mereka tidak akan memahaminya.
03:42
Because it isn't what they do, it's who they are. They say,
78
210000
3000
Ini bukan soal kerja,
ia adalah diri mereka.
ia adalah diri mereka.
Kata mereka, "Tetapi inilah diri saya.
03:45
"But this is me, you know.
79
213000
2000
Alangkah bodoh jika saya tinggalkannya,
03:47
It would be foolish for me to abandon this, because
80
215000
2000
kerana ia mencerminkan diri saya."
03:49
it speaks to my most authentic self."
81
217000
2000
03:51
And it's not true of enough people.
82
219000
3000
Tidak ramai yang begitu.
03:54
In fact, on the contrary, I think
83
222000
2000
Malah, sebaliknya, sebilangan kecil
manusia masih bersikap begitu.
manusia masih bersikap begitu.
03:56
it's still true of a minority of people.
84
224000
2000
03:58
I think there are many
85
226000
2000
Dan saya rasa terdapat
penjelasan yang munasabah.
penjelasan yang munasabah.
04:00
possible explanations for it.
86
228000
2000
04:02
And high among them
87
230000
2000
Antaranya penyumbang utamanya
adalah pendidikan,
adalah pendidikan,
04:04
is education,
88
232000
2000
04:06
because education, in a way,
89
234000
2000
kerana pendidkan, secara tidak langsung,
04:08
dislocates very many people
90
236000
2000
mengenepikan ramai orang dari
bakat semulajadi mereka.
bakat semulajadi mereka.
04:10
from their natural talents.
91
238000
2000
04:12
And human resources are like natural resources;
92
240000
3000
Dan sumber manusia adalah
seperti sumber alam;
seperti sumber alam;
04:15
they're often buried deep.
93
243000
2000
ia seringkali tertanam jauh.
04:17
You have to go looking for them,
94
245000
2000
Anda perlu mencarinya,
04:19
they're not just lying around on the surface.
95
247000
2000
ia tidal mudah dijumpai di permukaan.
04:21
You have to create the circumstances where they show themselves.
96
249000
3000
Anda perlu cipta suasana yang
membolehkannya menonjolkan diri.
membolehkannya menonjolkan diri.
04:24
And you might imagine
97
252000
2000
Dan anda mungkin berasa pendidikan
akan membuatnya muncul,
akan membuatnya muncul,
04:26
education would be the way that happens,
98
254000
2000
04:28
but too often it's not.
99
256000
2000
kebiasaannya, tidak.
04:30
Every education system in the world
100
258000
2000
Setiap sistem pendidikan di dunia
sedang melalui pembaharuan
sedang melalui pembaharuan
04:32
is being reformed at the moment
101
260000
2000
04:34
and it's not enough.
102
262000
2000
dan ia tidak mencukupi.
04:36
Reform is no use anymore,
103
264000
2000
Pembaharuan tidak berguna,
04:38
because that's simply improving a broken model.
104
266000
3000
kerana ia sekadar membaiki
model yang telah rosak.
model yang telah rosak.
04:41
What we need --
105
269000
2000
Apa yang diperlukan --
04:43
and the word's been used many times during the course of the past few days --
106
271000
2000
dan istilah ini kerap
digunakan kebelakangan ini --
digunakan kebelakangan ini --
04:45
is not evolution,
107
273000
2000
ia bukan evolusi
04:47
but a revolution in education.
108
275000
3000
tapi revolusi dalam pendidikan.
04:50
This has to be transformed
109
278000
2000
Ia perlu diterjemah kepada perkara lain.
04:52
into something else.
110
280000
2000
04:54
(Applause)
111
282000
5000
(Tepukan)
05:00
One of the real challenges
112
288000
2000
Antara cabaran sebenarnya
adalah menginovasi dasar pendidikan.
adalah menginovasi dasar pendidikan.
05:02
is to innovate fundamentally
113
290000
2000
05:04
in education.
114
292000
2000
05:06
Innovation is hard
115
294000
2000
Inovasi adalah sukar,
05:08
because it means doing something
116
296000
2000
kerana ini bermakna sesuatu yang
tidak digemari perlu dilakukan,
tidak digemari perlu dilakukan,
05:10
that people don't find very easy, for the most part.
117
298000
2000
kebanyakannya.
05:12
It means challenging what we take for granted,
118
300000
3000
Ia bermaksud mencabar
perkara yang dianggap remeh,
perkara yang dianggap remeh,
05:15
things that we think are obvious.
119
303000
3000
perkara yang dianggap jelas.
Masalah utama reformasi atau transformasi
05:18
The great problem for reform
120
306000
2000
05:20
or transformation
121
308000
2000
05:22
is the tyranny of common sense;
122
310000
2000
adalah perlawanan akal wajar.
05:24
things that people think,
123
312000
2000
Perkara yang dianggap,
05:26
"Well, it can't be done any other way because that's the way it's done."
124
314000
2000
"Tidak boleh mengguna cara lain,
hanya ini caranya ."
hanya ini caranya ."
05:28
I came across a great quote recently from Abraham Lincoln,
125
316000
3000
Saya teringat kata-kata Abraham Lincoln,
05:31
who I thought you'd be pleased to have quoted at this point.
126
319000
3000
rasanya anda pasti suka
saya menyebutnya pada saat ini.
saya menyebutnya pada saat ini.
05:34
(Laughter)
127
322000
2000
(Ketawa)
05:36
He said this in December 1862
128
324000
3000
Beliau ucapkan ini pada Disember 1862
di perjumpaan Kongres tahunan kedua.
di perjumpaan Kongres tahunan kedua.
05:39
to the second annual meeting of Congress.
129
327000
3000
05:43
I ought to explain that I have no idea what was happening at the time.
130
331000
3000
Perlu ditekankan yang saya tidak
tahu apa yang berlaku pada masa itu.
tahu apa yang berlaku pada masa itu.
Kami tidak pelajari
sejarah Amerika di Britain.
sejarah Amerika di Britain.
05:48
We don't teach American history in Britain.
131
336000
2000
05:50
(Laughter)
132
338000
2000
(Ketawa)
05:52
We suppress it. You know, this is our policy.
133
340000
3000
Kami rahsiakannya.
Ini polisi kami.
Ini polisi kami.
05:55
(Laughter)
134
343000
2000
(Ketawa)
05:58
So, no doubt, something fascinating was happening in December 1862,
135
346000
2000
Sudah pasti, ada peristiwa
menarik sedang berlaku,
menarik sedang berlaku,
06:00
which the Americans among us
136
348000
2000
yang mana warga Amerika
dikalangan kami pasti tahu.
dikalangan kami pasti tahu.
06:02
will be aware of.
137
350000
2000
06:05
But he said this:
138
353000
2000
Tetapi katanya:
06:07
"The dogmas
139
355000
2000
"Dogma sejarah lalu yang disembunyikan
tidak kuat untuk hadapi masalah hari ini.
tidak kuat untuk hadapi masalah hari ini.
06:09
of the quiet past
140
357000
2000
06:11
are inadequate to the stormy present.
141
359000
3000
06:14
The occasion
142
362000
2000
Cabarannya penuh dengan kepayahan,
06:16
is piled high with difficulty,
143
364000
2000
06:18
and we must rise with the occasion."
144
366000
3000
dan kita perlu bangkit
seiring dengan cabaran."
seiring dengan cabaran."
06:21
I love that.
145
369000
2000
Saya sukakannya.
06:23
Not rise to it, rise with it.
146
371000
3000
Bukan mengatasi, tapi bangkit bersamanya.
06:27
"As our case is new,
147
375000
2000
"Memandangkan cabaran kita baru,
06:29
so we must think anew
148
377000
3000
makanya kita perlu berfikir dan
bertindak cara baru.
bertindak cara baru.
06:32
and act anew.
149
380000
3000
06:35
We must disenthrall ourselves,
150
383000
3000
Merdekakan diri kita
06:38
and then we shall save our country."
151
386000
3000
dan selamatkan negara kita."
06:41
I love that word, "disenthrall."
152
389000
2000
Saya suka istilah "merdekakan."
06:43
You know what it means?
153
391000
2000
Anda tahu maknanya?
Bahawa ada pemikiran
yang membelenggu kita,
yang membelenggu kita,
06:45
That there are ideas that all of us are enthralled to,
154
393000
3000
06:48
which we simply take for granted
155
396000
2000
yang mana ianya diambil mudah
dianggap sebagai perkara biasa,
dianggap sebagai perkara biasa,
06:50
as the natural order of things, the way things are.
156
398000
2000
cara biasa ianya dilakukan.
06:52
And many of our ideas
157
400000
2000
Banyak idea kita telah sedia dicipta,
06:54
have been formed, not to meet the circumstances of this century,
158
402000
3000
bukan untuk menghadapi
situasi zaman ini,
situasi zaman ini,
06:57
but to cope with the circumstances of previous centuries.
159
405000
3000
tetapi untuk menghadapi
cabaran zaman dulu.
cabaran zaman dulu.
07:00
But our minds are still hypnotized by them,
160
408000
2000
Tetapi minda kita
masih terbelenggu olehnya,
masih terbelenggu olehnya,
07:02
and we have to disenthrall ourselves of some of them.
161
410000
3000
dan kita telah memerdekakan
diti kita daripada mereka.
diti kita daripada mereka.
07:05
Now, doing this is easier said than done.
162
413000
3000
Bercakap lebih senang dari perbuatan.
Sebenarnya susah untuk kita
mengetahui apa kita ambil mudah.
mengetahui apa kita ambil mudah.
07:08
It's very hard to know, by the way, what it is you take for granted. (Laughter)
163
416000
3000
07:11
And the reason is that you take it for granted.
164
419000
3000
Dan sebabnya ialah anda ambil mudah.
07:14
So let me ask you something you may take for granted.
165
422000
3000
(Ketawa)
Saya mahu bertanya mengenai
kebiasaan anda.
kebiasaan anda.
07:17
How many of you here are over the age of 25?
166
425000
3000
Berapa ramai di sini berumur
25 tahun ke atas?
25 tahun ke atas?
07:20
That's not what I think you take for granted,
167
428000
2000
Ia bukan sesuatu yang anda ambil mudah,
saya pasti anda tahu itu.
saya pasti anda tahu itu.
07:22
I'm sure you're familiar with that already.
168
430000
2000
07:24
Are there any people here under the age of 25?
169
432000
3000
Ada sesiapa berumur 25 tahun ke bawah?
07:27
Great. Now, those over 25,
170
435000
3000
Baik. Sekarang, 25 tahun ke atas,
07:30
could you put your hands up if you're wearing your wristwatch?
171
438000
3000
sila angkat tangan jika anda memakai jam?
07:33
Now that's a great deal of us, isn't it?
172
441000
3000
Lihat, ramai antara kita di sini, bukan?
07:36
Ask a room full of teenagers the same thing.
173
444000
3000
Tanya soalan sama kepada
sekumpulan remaja.
sekumpulan remaja.
07:39
Teenagers do not wear wristwatches.
174
447000
2000
anak remaja tidak memakai jam tangan.
07:41
I don't mean they can't or they're not allowed to,
175
449000
2000
Bukan maksud mereka tidak boleh,
07:43
they just often choose not to.
176
451000
2000
mereka biasanya tidak suka.
07:45
And the reason is, you see, that we were brought up
177
453000
2000
Dan sebabnya kita dibesarkan
pada zaman sebelum digital,
pada zaman sebelum digital,
07:47
in a pre-digital culture, those of us over 25.
178
455000
3000
berumur 25 tahun ke atas.
07:50
And so for us, if you want to know the time
179
458000
2000
Oleh itu, bagi kita,
jika mahu tahu waktu,
jika mahu tahu waktu,
07:52
you have to wear something to tell it.
180
460000
2000
perlu memakai alat pemberitahu masa.
07:54
Kids now live in a world which is digitized,
181
462000
3000
Remaja kini membesar dalam zaman digital,
07:57
and the time, for them, is everywhere.
182
465000
2000
dan masa, pada mereka,
ada di mana jua.
ada di mana jua.
07:59
They see no reason to do this.
183
467000
2000
Mereka tidak memerlukannya.
08:01
And by the way, you don't need to do it either;
184
469000
2000
Dan, anda juga
tidak memerlukannya.
tidak memerlukannya.
08:03
it's just that you've always done it and you carry on doing it.
185
471000
3000
Ia cuma kebiasaan dan
anda meneruskan kebiasaan itu.
anda meneruskan kebiasaan itu.
08:06
My daughter never wears a watch, my daughter Kate, who's 20.
186
474000
3000
Anak saya tidak pernah pakai jam tangan.
anak saya, Kate, 20 tahun.
anak saya, Kate, 20 tahun.
08:09
She doesn't see the point.
187
477000
2000
Dia tidak nampak manfaatnya.
Katanya,
08:11
As she says, "It's a single function device."
188
479000
3000
"Ia cuma alat dengan satu fungsi."
08:14
(Laughter)
189
482000
5000
(Ketawa)
08:19
"Like, how lame is that?"
190
487000
3000
"Seperti, ketinggalan zaman?"
Saya jawab, "Tidak, tidak,
ia juga ada tarikh."
ia juga ada tarikh."
08:22
And I say, "No, no, it tells the date as well."
191
490000
2000
08:24
(Laughter)
192
492000
4000
(Ketawa)
08:29
"It has multiple functions."
193
497000
3000
"Ia punya pelbagai fungsi."
(Ketawa)
08:32
But, you see, there are things we're enthralled to in education.
194
500000
3000
Tetapi, dalam pendidikan, ada perkara
lama yang masih membelenggu kita.
lama yang masih membelenggu kita.
08:35
Let me give you a couple of examples.
195
503000
2000
Beberapa contoh.
08:37
One of them is the idea of linearity:
196
505000
3000
Antaranya adalah laluan lurus:
08:40
that it starts here and you go through a track
197
508000
3000
yang bermula di sini
dan anda perlu lalui satu trek
dan anda perlu lalui satu trek
sekiranya anda ikuti,
08:43
and if you do everything right, you will end up
198
511000
2000
hidup anda akan terjamin
seumur hidup.
seumur hidup.
08:45
set for the rest of your life.
199
513000
2000
08:49
Everybody who's spoken at TED has told us implicitly,
200
517000
2000
Penceramah di TED pernah
memberitahu secara tersirat,
memberitahu secara tersirat,
08:51
or sometimes explicitly, a different story:
201
519000
3000
kadangkala jelas,
pelbagai cerita:
pelbagai cerita:
08:54
that life is not linear; it's organic.
202
522000
3000
tentang kehidupan yang tidak lurus,
ia rawak.
ia rawak.
08:57
We create our lives symbiotically
203
525000
2000
Kita bina kehidupan secara simbiotik
08:59
as we explore our talents
204
527000
2000
dan kita teroka bakat sendiri
09:01
in relation to the circumstances they help to create for us.
205
529000
3000
bersesuaian dengan situasi
yang dicipta untuk kita.
yang dicipta untuk kita.
09:04
But, you know, we have become obsessed
206
532000
2000
Tetapi, kita akhirnya menjadi
taksub dengan jalan lurus itu.
taksub dengan jalan lurus itu.
09:06
with this linear narrative.
207
534000
2000
09:08
And probably the pinnacle for education
208
536000
2000
Dan barangkali, puncak pendidikan
adalah menara gading.
adalah menara gading.
09:10
is getting you to college.
209
538000
2000
09:12
I think we are obsessed with getting people to college.
210
540000
3000
Kita seperti taksub menghantar
anak muda ke kolej.
anak muda ke kolej.
09:15
Certain sorts of college.
211
543000
2000
Universiti tertentu.
Bukannya melarang,
tetapi bukan semua perlu pergi,
tetapi bukan semua perlu pergi,
09:17
I don't mean you shouldn't go to college, but not everybody needs to go
212
545000
2000
09:19
and not everybody needs to go now.
213
547000
2000
atau pergi segera.
Mungkin mereka boleh belajar kemudian.
09:21
Maybe they go later, not right away.
214
549000
2000
09:23
And I was up in San Francisco a while ago
215
551000
2000
Pernah satu ketika di San Francisco
pada majlis tandatangan buku.
pada majlis tandatangan buku.
09:25
doing a book signing.
216
553000
2000
Ada seorang lelaki membeli buku,
dalam lingkungan 30-an.
dalam lingkungan 30-an.
09:27
There was this guy buying a book, he was in his 30s.
217
555000
2000
09:29
And I said, "What do you do?"
218
557000
2000
Saya tanya, "Kerja apa?"
Jawapnya, "Bomba."
09:31
And he said, "I'm a fireman."
219
559000
3000
Saya tanya, "Sudah lama menjadi bomba?"
09:34
And I said, "How long have you been a fireman?"
220
562000
2000
09:36
He said, "Always. I've always been a fireman."
221
564000
2000
"Sentiasa. Saya sentiasa ahli bomba."
09:38
And I said, "Well, when did you decide?"
222
566000
2000
"Sejak bila?"
Jawapnya, "Sejak kecil.
Jawapnya, "Sejak kecil.
09:40
He said, "As a kid." He said, "Actually, it was a problem for me at school,
223
568000
3000
Sebenarnya, ia bermula
semasa di sekolah,
semasa di sekolah,
09:43
because at school, everybody wanted to be a fireman."
224
571000
3000
di sekolah, semua mahu menjadi bomba."
09:46
He said, "But I wanted to be a fireman."
225
574000
3000
(Ketawa)
Katanya, "Saya betul mahu jadi bomba."
09:49
And he said, "When I got to the senior year of school,
226
577000
3000
Dan katanya, "Apabila di sekolah menengah,
09:52
my teachers didn't take it seriously.
227
580000
3000
guru saya tidak percaya.
09:55
This one teacher didn't take it seriously.
228
583000
2000
Ada guru yang perlekehkan cita-cita saya.
09:57
He said I was throwing my life away
229
585000
2000
Katanya saya membazir hidup saya
09:59
if that's all I chose to do with it;
230
587000
2000
jika itu yang saya cita-citakan:
10:01
that I should go to college, I should become a professional person,
231
589000
3000
saya sepatutnya ke kolej,
jadi seorang profesional,
jadi seorang profesional,
10:04
that I had great potential
232
592000
2000
dan saya berpotensi
10:06
and I was wasting my talent to do that."
233
594000
2000
dan saya mensia-siakan bakat saya."
10:08
And he said, "It was humiliating because
234
596000
2000
Katanya, "Ia amat memalukan.
Ia berlaku di depan semua murid
dan saya rasa malu.
dan saya rasa malu.
10:10
he said it in front of the whole class and I really felt dreadful.
235
598000
2000
10:12
But it's what I wanted, and as soon as I left school,
236
600000
2000
Tapi itu yang saya impikanan,
sebaik tamat sekolah,
sebaik tamat sekolah,
10:14
I applied to the fire service and I was accepted."
237
602000
3000
saya pohon dan diterima
bekerja di jabatan bomba.
bekerja di jabatan bomba.
10:17
And he said, "You know, I was thinking about that guy recently,
238
605000
2000
Kamu tahu, saya terkenangkan beliau,
10:19
just a few minutes ago when you were speaking, about this teacher,"
239
607000
3000
beberapa minit lalu apabila kamu
bercerita tentang guru tersebut,
bercerita tentang guru tersebut,
10:22
he said, "because six months ago,
240
610000
2000
kerana 6 bulan lepas,
saya telah selamatkannya,"
saya telah selamatkannya,"
10:24
I saved his life."
241
612000
2000
(Ketawa)
10:26
(Laughter)
242
614000
2000
10:28
He said, "He was in a car wreck,
243
616000
2000
Katanya, "Cikgu terlibat kemalangan, dan
saya keluarkannya dari kereta, beri CPR,
saya keluarkannya dari kereta, beri CPR,
10:30
and I pulled him out, gave him CPR,
244
618000
3000
10:33
and I saved his wife's life as well."
245
621000
3000
dan saya juga selamatkan isterinya."
10:36
He said, "I think he thinks better of me now."
246
624000
2000
Katanya, "Saya kini mungkin orang berguna"
10:38
(Laughter)
247
626000
2000
(Ketawa)
10:40
(Applause)
248
628000
5000
(Tepukan)
10:46
You know, to me,
249
634000
2000
Bagi saya,
*komuniti manusia bergantung
kepada pelbagai bakat,
kepada pelbagai bakat,
10:48
human communities depend upon
250
636000
2000
10:50
a diversity of talent,
251
638000
2000
10:52
not a singular conception of ability.
252
640000
3000
bukan hanya satu kebolehan sahaja.
Cabaran utama kita --
10:55
And at the heart of our challenges --
253
643000
2000
(Tepukan)
10:57
(Applause)
254
645000
2000
10:59
At the heart of the challenge
255
647000
2000
Cabaran utama kita adalah
11:01
is to reconstitute our sense of ability
256
649000
2000
menyusun semula keperluan
kebolehan dan kepandaian kita.
kebolehan dan kepandaian kita.
11:03
and of intelligence.
257
651000
2000
11:05
This linearity thing is a problem.
258
653000
2000
Jalan lurus ini adalah masalah.
11:07
When I arrived in L.A.
259
655000
2000
Semasa saya tiba di L.A. 9 tahun lalu,
11:09
about nine years ago,
260
657000
2000
11:11
I came across a policy statement --
261
659000
3000
saya terbaca kenyataan dasar --
11:14
very well-intentioned --
262
662000
2000
yang berniatnya baik --
11:16
which said, "College begins in kindergarten."
263
664000
3000
berbunyi, "Kolej bermula di tadika."
Tidak, tidak begitu.
11:21
No, it doesn't.
264
669000
2000
(Ketawa)
11:23
(Laughter)
265
671000
3000
11:26
It doesn't.
266
674000
2000
Ia tidak begitu.
11:28
If we had time, I could go into this, but we don't.
267
676000
3000
Jika saya sempat, saya boleh
ceritakan, tapi tidak.
ceritakan, tapi tidak.
(Ketawa)
11:31
(Laughter)
268
679000
2000
11:33
Kindergarten begins in kindergarten.
269
681000
2000
Tadika bermula di tadika.
11:35
(Laughter)
270
683000
2000
(Ketawa)
11:37
A friend of mine once said,
271
685000
2000
Kawan saya pernah berkata,
11:39
"You know, a three year-old is not half a six year-old."
272
687000
3000
"Anak kecil 3 tahun bukanlah
separuh 6 tahun."
separuh 6 tahun."
11:42
(Laughter)
273
690000
2000
(Ketawa)
11:44
(Applause)
274
692000
5000
(Tepukan)
11:49
They're three.
275
697000
2000
Mereka berusia 3 tahun.
Tetapi seperti syarahan sebelum ini,
11:51
But as we just heard in this last session,
276
699000
2000
terdapat persaingan untuk
menyertai tadika --
menyertai tadika --
11:53
there's such competition now to get into kindergarten --
277
701000
3000
11:56
to get to the right kindergarten --
278
704000
2000
untuk menyertai tadika yang bagus --
ada temuduga untuk kanak-kanak 3 tahun.
11:58
that people are being interviewed for it at three.
279
706000
3000
12:03
Kids sitting in front of unimpressed panels,
280
711000
2000
Anak kecil berdepan
penemuduga yang bosan,
penemuduga yang bosan,
12:05
you know, with their resumes,
281
713000
2000
sambil memegang resume --
12:07
(Laughter)
282
715000
3000
(Ketawa)
12:10
flipping through and saying, "Well, this is it?"
283
718000
2000
menyemak resume lalu bertanya "Ini je?"
12:12
(Laughter)
284
720000
2000
(Ketawa)
12:14
(Applause)
285
722000
3000
(Tepukan)
12:17
"You've been around for 36 months, and this is it?"
286
725000
3000
"36 bulan hidup, ini saja yang dicapai?"
12:20
(Laughter)
287
728000
7000
(Ketawa)
12:27
"You've achieved nothing -- commit.
288
735000
3000
"Kamu gagal - mengaku sajalah.
(Ketawa)
12:30
Spent the first six months breastfeeding, the way I can see it."
289
738000
3000
6 bulan pertama, menyusu, kan."
12:33
(Laughter)
290
741000
3000
(Ketawa)
12:38
See, it's outrageous as a conception, but it [unclear].
291
746000
3000
Tengok tu, ianya konsep yang melampau?
12:41
The other big issue is conformity.
292
749000
2000
Isu seterusnya ialah pematuhan.
12:43
We have built our education systems
293
751000
2000
Kita bina sistem pendidikan
berasakan model makanan segera.
berasakan model makanan segera.
12:45
on the model of fast food.
294
753000
2000
12:47
This is something Jamie Oliver talked about the other day.
295
755000
3000
Ada Jamie Oliver sebut beberapa hari lalu.
12:50
You know there are two models of quality assurance in catering.
296
758000
2000
Ada 2 model jaminan
kualiti dalam katering.
kualiti dalam katering.
12:52
One is fast food,
297
760000
2000
Pertama, makanan segera,
di mana semua perlu seragam.
di mana semua perlu seragam.
12:54
where everything is standardized.
298
762000
2000
Kedua adalah seperti
Restoran Zagat dan Michelin,
Restoran Zagat dan Michelin,
12:56
The other are things like Zagat and Michelin restaurants,
299
764000
2000
12:58
where everything is not standardized,
300
766000
2000
di mana tiada penyeragaman,
mereka disesuaikan dengan
keadaan setempat.
keadaan setempat.
13:00
they're customized to local circumstances.
301
768000
2000
Malangnya kita telah jual diri kepada
sistem pendidikan makanan segera,
sistem pendidikan makanan segera,
13:02
And we have sold ourselves into a fast food model of education,
302
770000
3000
13:05
and it's impoverishing our spirit and our energies
303
773000
3000
dan ia menelan jiwa dan tenaga kita
13:08
as much as fast food is depleting our physical bodies.
304
776000
3000
sama seperti makan segera
yang menelan fizikal kita.
yang menelan fizikal kita.
13:11
(Applause)
305
779000
5000
(Tepukan)
13:17
I think we have to recognize a couple of things here.
306
785000
2000
Kita perlu sedar tentang beberapa perkara.
13:19
One is that human talent is tremendously diverse.
307
787000
3000
Pertama, bakat manusia adalah pelbagai.
13:22
People have very different aptitudes.
308
790000
2000
Setiap orang berbeza kebolehannya.
13:24
I worked out recently that
309
792000
2000
Saya pernah dihadiahkan gitar semasa kecil
13:26
I was given a guitar as a kid
310
794000
2000
13:28
at about the same time that Eric Clapton got his first guitar.
311
796000
3000
sebaya Eric Clapton mendapat
gitar pertamanya.
gitar pertamanya.
(Ketawa)
13:32
You know, it worked out for Eric, that's all I'm saying.
312
800000
3000
Eric berjaya, tidak saya. Itu maksud saya.
(Ketawa)
13:35
(Laughter)
313
803000
2000
Dari satu sudut --
13:37
In a way, it did not for me.
314
805000
2000
saya gagal.
13:39
I could not get this thing to work
315
807000
3000
Saya tak mampu mempelajarinya
13:42
no matter how often or how hard I blew into it.
316
810000
2000
walau sekerap mana
berlatih atau berusaha.
berlatih atau berusaha.
13:44
(Laughter) It just wouldn't work.
317
812000
2000
Ia tetap tidak boleh.
(Ketawa)
13:49
But it's not only about that.
318
817000
2000
Bukan sekadar itu sahaja.
13:51
It's about passion.
319
819000
2000
Ia adalah kerana minat.
13:53
Often, people are good at things they don't really care for.
320
821000
2000
Biasanya, seorang itu pakar
dalam perkara yang tidak disukai
dalam perkara yang tidak disukai
13:55
It's about passion,
321
823000
2000
Ia berkenaan minat,
13:57
and what excites our spirit and our energy.
322
825000
3000
dan apa yang beri keseronokan
pada jiwa dan tenaga kita.
pada jiwa dan tenaga kita.
14:00
And if you're doing the thing that you love to do, that you're good at,
323
828000
3000
Dan jika anda melakukan pekerjaan
yang anda suka, dan pandai,
yang anda suka, dan pandai,
14:03
time takes a different course entirely.
324
831000
3000
masa berjalan dengan berbeza.
14:06
My wife's just finished writing a novel,
325
834000
3000
Isteri saya baru selesai tulis satu novel,
dan saya rasa ia sebuah buku yang hebat,
14:09
and I think it's a great book,
326
837000
2000
14:11
but she disappears for hours on end.
327
839000
3000
tapi dia menghilang diri berjam-jam.
14:14
You know this, if you're doing something you love,
328
842000
2000
Anda pasti tahu, jika berbuat
sesuatu yang disukai,
sesuatu yang disukai,
14:16
an hour feels like five minutes.
329
844000
3000
sejam rasa seperti lima minit.
Jika berbuat sesuatu yang tidak disukai,
14:19
If you're doing something that doesn't resonate with your spirit,
330
847000
2000
14:21
five minutes feels like an hour.
331
849000
2000
lima minit rasa seperti satu jam.
14:23
And the reason so many people are opting out of education
332
851000
3000
Dan sebab utama ramai orang
tidak teruskan pelajaran
tidak teruskan pelajaran
14:26
is because it doesn't feed their spirit,
333
854000
2000
ialah kerana ia tidak beri kepuasan diri,
14:28
it doesn't feed their energy or their passion.
334
856000
3000
ia tidak merangsang tenaga atau minat.
14:31
So I think we have to change metaphors.
335
859000
3000
Jadi saya rasa kita perlu
ubah metafora.
ubah metafora.
14:34
We have to go from what is essentially an industrial model of education,
336
862000
3000
Kita harus berubah dari model
pendidikan bercorak industri,
pendidikan bercorak industri,
14:37
a manufacturing model,
337
865000
2000
model pembuatan,
14:39
which is based on linearity
338
867000
2000
yang berasaskan garis lurus
dan pematuhan dan pengelompokan.
dan pematuhan dan pengelompokan.
14:41
and conformity and batching people.
339
869000
3000
14:44
We have to move to a model
340
872000
2000
Kita harus ubah kepada model
14:46
that is based more on principles of agriculture.
341
874000
3000
yang berteraskan prinsip pertanian.
14:49
We have to recognize that human flourishing
342
877000
3000
Kita perlu sedar
bahawa perkembangan manusia
bukanlah proses mekanikal;
bukanlah proses mekanikal;
14:52
is not a mechanical process;
343
880000
2000
14:54
it's an organic process.
344
882000
2000
ia proses organik.
14:56
And you cannot predict the outcome of human development.
345
884000
3000
Dan anda tidak boleh menjangka
apa yang lahir dari perkembangan manusia.
apa yang lahir dari perkembangan manusia.
14:59
All you can do, like a farmer,
346
887000
2000
Seperti petani, kita boleh
menyediakan keadaan sesuai
menyediakan keadaan sesuai
15:01
is create the conditions under which
347
889000
2000
untuk perkembangan yang segar.
15:03
they will begin to flourish.
348
891000
2000
15:05
So when we look at reforming education and transforming it,
349
893000
3000
Maka apabila kita ingin membuat
perubahan dan transformasi pendidikan
perubahan dan transformasi pendidikan
15:08
it isn't like cloning a system.
350
896000
3000
ia bukan seperti mengklon sistem.
Ada sistem yang bagus
KIPP, ia sistem yang baik.
KIPP, ia sistem yang baik.
15:11
There are great ones, like KIPP's; it's a great system.
351
899000
2000
15:13
There are many great models.
352
901000
2000
Ada banyak model yang hebat.
15:15
It's about customizing to your circumstances
353
903000
3000
Ia berkenaan penyesuaian
kepada keadaan anda
kepada keadaan anda
15:18
and personalizing education
354
906000
2000
dan menyesuaikan pendidikan
kepada pelajar.
kepada pelajar.
15:20
to the people you're actually teaching.
355
908000
2000
15:22
And doing that, I think,
356
910000
2000
Dan dengan demikian, rasanya,
ia jawapan kepada masa depan
ia jawapan kepada masa depan
15:24
is the answer to the future
357
912000
2000
kerana ia bukan bertujuan untuk
mencari jawapan baru;
mencari jawapan baru;
15:26
because it's not about scaling a new solution;
358
914000
3000
15:29
it's about creating a movement in education
359
917000
2000
ia adalah untuk mencipta
pergerakan pendidikan
pergerakan pendidikan
15:31
in which people develop their own solutions,
360
919000
3000
yang mana manusia mencari
penyelesaian sendiri,
penyelesaian sendiri,
15:34
but with external support based on a personalized curriculum.
361
922000
3000
tetapi dengan bantuan luaran
berpandukan kurikulum tersendiri.
berpandukan kurikulum tersendiri.
15:37
Now in this room,
362
925000
2000
Di dewan ini,
15:39
there are people who represent
363
927000
2000
ada hadirin yang mewakili
sumber luar biasa dalam perniagaan,
sumber luar biasa dalam perniagaan,
15:41
extraordinary resources in business,
364
929000
2000
15:43
in multimedia, in the Internet.
365
931000
2000
dalam multimedia,
dalam Internet.
dalam Internet.
15:45
These technologies,
366
933000
2000
Teknologi ini,
15:47
combined with the extraordinary talents of teachers,
367
935000
3000
digabung dengan bakat
luar biasa para guru
luar biasa para guru
boleh mecipta peluang
kepada revolusi pendidikan.
kepada revolusi pendidikan.
15:50
provide an opportunity to revolutionize education.
368
938000
3000
15:53
And I urge you to get involved in it
369
941000
2000
Saya menggesa anda
supaya melibatkan diri
supaya melibatkan diri
15:55
because it's vital, not just to ourselves,
370
943000
2000
kerana ia penting, bukan hanya kita,
tapi untuk masa depan anak-anak kita.
tapi untuk masa depan anak-anak kita.
15:57
but to the future of our children.
371
945000
2000
15:59
But we have to change from the industrial model
372
947000
2000
Tapi kita harus berhijrah
dari model industri
dari model industri
16:01
to an agricultural model,
373
949000
2000
kepada model pertanian,
16:03
where each school can be flourishing tomorrow.
374
951000
3000
yang mana setiap sekolah boleh
berkembang di masa depan.
berkembang di masa depan.
16:06
That's where children experience life.
375
954000
2000
Di situ anak-anak
mengenali kehidupan.
mengenali kehidupan.
16:08
Or at home, if that's where they choose to be educated
376
956000
2000
Atau di rumah, jika itu yang dipilih,
16:10
with their families or their friends.
377
958000
2000
untuk dididik oleh keluarga atau kawan.
16:12
There's been a lot of talk about dreams
378
960000
2000
Banyak impian yang dikongsikan
beberapa hari ini,
beberapa hari ini,
16:14
over the course of this few days.
379
962000
3000
16:17
And I wanted to just very quickly ...
380
965000
2000
Dan ingin saya katakan sedikit lagi --
16:19
I was very struck by Natalie Merchant's songs last night,
381
967000
3000
Saya amat terkejut
mendengar lagu Natalie Merchant semalam,
mendengar lagu Natalie Merchant semalam,
16:22
recovering old poems.
382
970000
2000
teringat sajak lama.
16:24
I wanted to read you a quick, very short poem
383
972000
2000
Saya akan deklamasikan sajak pendek
16:26
from W. B. Yeats, who some of you may know.
384
974000
3000
dari W.B. Yeats
pasti anda yang kenalinya.
pasti anda yang kenalinya.
16:29
He wrote this to his love,
385
977000
2000
Dia bersajak untuk kekasihnya, Maud Bonne,
16:31
Maud Gonne,
386
979000
2000
dan dia merintih nasibnya
16:33
and he was bewailing the fact that
387
981000
3000
tidak dapat memberi apa
yang dingini kekasihnya.
yang dingini kekasihnya.
16:36
he couldn't really give her what he thought she wanted from him.
388
984000
3000
16:39
And he says, "I've got something else, but it may not be for you."
389
987000
3000
Dan katanya,"Apa yang aku ada,
mungkin tidak sesuai untukmu."
mungkin tidak sesuai untukmu."
16:42
He says this:
390
990000
2000
Sambungnya lagi,
16:44
"Had I the heavens' embroidered cloths,
391
992000
3000
"Jika aku memiliki sutera sulaman syurga,
16:47
Enwrought with gold
392
995000
2000
dijalin cahaya emas dan perak,
16:49
and silver light,
393
997000
2000
16:51
The blue and the dim
394
999000
2000
Kain biru, suram, dan gelap,
16:53
and the dark cloths
395
1001000
2000
daripada malam, siang, dan petang,
16:55
Of night and light and the half-light,
396
1003000
3000
16:58
I would spread the cloths under your feet:
397
1006000
3000
Akan ku bentangkan kain ini
di bawah kakimu:
di bawah kakimu:
17:01
But I, being poor,
398
1009000
3000
Malangnya, kerana miskin,
aku hanya mampu bermimpi;
aku hanya mampu bermimpi;
17:04
have only my dreams;
399
1012000
3000
Ku bentang impianku di bawah kakimu;
17:07
I have spread my dreams under your feet;
400
1015000
3000
17:10
Tread softly
401
1018000
2000
Hati-hati melangkah
17:12
because you tread on my dreams."
402
1020000
3000
kerana langkahan itu
atas impianku."
atas impianku."
Dan setiap hari, di mana-mana,
17:15
And every day, everywhere,
403
1023000
3000
anak-anak kita membentang
impian mereka di bawah kaki kita.
impian mereka di bawah kaki kita.
17:18
our children spread their dreams beneath our feet.
404
1026000
3000
17:21
And we should tread softly.
405
1029000
3000
Dan kita harus
berhati-hati.
berhati-hati.
17:24
Thank you.
406
1032000
2000
Terima kasih.
(Tepukan)
17:26
(Applause)
407
1034000
17000
Terima kasih banyak..
(Tepukan)
Terima kasih.
(Tepukan)
17:43
Thank you very much.
408
1051000
2000
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ken Robinson - Author/educatorCreativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence.
Why you should listen
Why don't we get the best out of people? Sir Ken Robinson argues that it's because we've been educated to become good workers, rather than creative thinkers. Students with restless minds and bodies -- far from being cultivated for their energy and curiosity -- are ignored or even stigmatized, with terrible consequences. "We are educating people out of their creativity," Robinson says. It's a message with deep resonance. Robinson's TED Talk has been distributed widely around the Web since its release in June 2006. The most popular words framing blog posts on his talk? "Everyone should watch this."
A visionary cultural leader, Sir Ken led the British government's 1998 advisory committee on creative and cultural education, a massive inquiry into the significance of creativity in the educational system and the economy, and was knighted in 2003 for his achievements. His 2009 book, The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything, is a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 21 languages. A 10th anniversary edition of his classic work on creativity and innovation, Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative, was published in 2011. His 2013 book, Finding Your Element: How to Discover Your Talents and Passions and Transform Your Life, is a practical guide that answers questions about finding your personal Element. In his latest book, Creative Schools: The Grassroots Revolution That’s Transforming Education, he argues for an end to our outmoded industrial educational system and proposes a highly personalized, organic approach that draws on today’s unprecedented technological and professional resources to engage all students.
Ken Robinson | Speaker | TED.com