ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carl Safina - Ecologist, writer
Carl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature.

Why you should listen

Carl Safina explores how the ocean is changing and what those changes mean for wildlife and for people.

Safina is author of seven books, including Song for the Blue Ocean, which was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year, Eye of the Albatross, Voyage of the Turtle and The View From Lazy Point. Safina is founding president of The Safina Center at Stony Brook University, where he also co-chairs the University's Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science. A winner of the 2012 Orion Award and a MacArthur Prize, among others, his work has been featured in outlets such as The New York Times, National Geographic, CNN.com and The Huffington Post, and he hosts “Saving the Ocean” on PBS.

 

His latest book, Beyond Words: What Animals Think And Feel, explores the inner lives of animals.

More profile about the speaker
Carl Safina | Speaker | TED.com
Mission Blue II

Carl Safina: What are animals thinking and feeling?

Carl Safina: Que están a pensar e sentir os animais?

Filmed:
2,341,963 views

Que pasa dentro dos cerebros dos animais? Podemos saber o que, ou se pensan e senten? Carl Safina cre que si. Empregando descubrimentos e anécdotas que abarcan ecoloxía, bioloxía e ciencias do comportamento, entrelaza historias de baleas, lobos, elefantes e albatros para argumentar que igual ca nós pensamos, sentimos, usamos ferramentas e expresamos emocións, tamén o poden facer outras criaturas (e mentes) que comparten a Terra con nós.
- Ecologist, writer
Carl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Have you ever wondered
what animals think and feel?
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Algunha vez vos preguntastes
que pensan e senten os animais?
Comecemos cunha pregunta:
00:17
Let's start with a question:
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A miña cadela quéreme
ou só quere unha caricia?
00:19
Does my dog really love me,
or does she just want a treat?
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00:24
Well, it's easy to see
that our dog really loves us,
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É doado ver que a nosa cadela
realmente nos quere.
00:29
easy to see, right,
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É doado velo, non?
Que está a pasar...
00:32
what's going on in that fuzzy little head.
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...nesa cabeciña peluda?
00:36
What is going on?
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Que está a pasar?
00:39
Something's going on.
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Algo está a pasar.
Por que sempre preguntamos se nos queren?
00:41
But why is the question always
do they love us?
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Por que sempre é sobre nós?
00:46
Why is it always about us?
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Por que somos tan narcisistas?
00:48
Why are we such narcissists?
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00:52
I found a different question
to ask animals.
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Atopei outra pregunta para os animais.
Quen sodes?
00:57
Who are you?
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01:01
There are capacities of the human mind
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Hai aptitudes da mente humana
que tendemos a crer
que só son da mente humana
01:04
that we tend to think are capacities
only of the human mind.
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Pero é certo?
01:10
But is that true?
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Que fan outros seres con eses cerebros?
01:12
What are other beings
doing with those brains?
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Que pensan e senten?
01:16
What are they thinking and feeling?
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Hai modo de sabelo?
01:19
Is there a way to know?
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Creo que o hai.
01:21
I think there is a way in.
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Creo que hai moitas maneiras.
01:22
I think there are several ways in.
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Podemos fixarnos na evolución,
01:24
We can look at evolution,
we can look at their brains
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mirar os seus cerebros
e ver que fan.
01:29
and we can watch what they do.
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O primeiro que hai que lembrar:
o noso cerebro é herdado.
01:33
The first thing to remember is:
our brain is inherited.
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As primeiras neuronas
viñeron das medusas.
01:38
The first neurons came from jellyfish.
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As medusas orixinaron ós cordados.
01:42
Jellyfish gave rise
to the first chordates.
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Os cordados orixinaron ós vertebrados.
01:45
The first chordates gave rise
to the first vertebrates.
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Os vertebrados saíron do mar
e aquí estamos.
01:49
The vertebrates came out of the sea,
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01:51
and here we are.
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O que é certo é que unha neurona,
unha célula nerviosa, parece a mesma
01:54
But it's still true that a neuron,
a nerve cell, looks the same
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nun cangrexo, nun paxaro ou en vós.
02:00
in a crayfish, a bird or you.
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Que nos di iso...
02:04
What does that say
about the minds of crayfish?
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...sobre a mente dos cangrexos?
Podemos dicir algo?
02:08
Can we tell anything about that?
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Resulta que...
02:10
Well, it turns out that
if you give a crayfish
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...se se lle dá a un cangrexo
pequenas descargas eléctricas
02:14
a lot of little tiny electric shocks
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cada vez que tenta saír da súa toba,
xerará ansiedade.
02:17
every time it tries
to come out of its burrow,
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02:19
it will develop anxiety.
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Se se lle dá ó cangrexo
o mesmo medicamento
02:23
If you give the crayfish the same drug
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usado para tratar a ansiedade
nos humanos,
02:26
used to treat anxiety disorder in humans,
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reláxase, sae e explora.
02:29
it relaxes and comes out and explores.
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Como amosamos o que nos importa
a ansiedade dos cangrexos?
02:34
How do we show how much
we care about crayfish anxiety?
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Fervéndoos.
02:37
Mostly, we boil them.
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02:39
(Laughter)
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Os polbos usan ferramentas,
02:42
Octopuses use tools,
as well as do most apes
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como os simios,
e recoñecen rostros humanos.
02:47
and they recognize human faces.
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Como celebramos a intelixencia simiesca
destes invertebrados?
02:50
How do we celebrate the ape-like
intelligence of this invertebrate?
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Fervéndoos.
02:55
Mostly boiled.
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Se un mero persegue un peixe
ata unha greta no coral,
02:58
If a grouper chases a fish
into a crevice in the coral,
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irá onde sabe que hai
unha morea durmindo
03:02
it will sometimes go to where it knows
a moray eel is sleeping
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e diralle á morea "sígueme",
03:07
and it will signal
to the moray, "Follow me,"
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e a morea entenderá ese sinal.
03:11
and the moray will understand that signal.
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A morea pode entrar na greta
e coller o peixe,
03:14
The moray may go into the crevice
and get the fish,
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pero o peixe pode fuxir
e o mero atrapalo.
03:17
but the fish may bolt
and the grouper may get it.
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Esta é unha antiga colaboración
que acabamos de descubrir.
03:20
This is an ancient partnership that we
have just recently found out about.
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03:26
How do we celebrate
that ancient partnership?
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Como celebramos esa antiga colaboración?
03:30
Mostly fried.
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Fritíndoos.
Está xurdindo un patrón
que di máis sobre nós
03:32
A pattern is emerging and it says
a lot more about us
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03:36
than it does about them.
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ca sobre eles.
As londras mariñas usan ferramentas
03:39
Sea otters use tools
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e sacan tempo do que están a facer
03:42
and they take time away
from what they're doing
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para amosarlles ás crías que facer,
ó que se chama ensinanza.
03:45
to show their babies what to do,
which is called teaching.
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Os chimpancés non ensinan.
03:49
Chimpanzees don't teach.
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As candorcas ensinan e comparten comida.
03:52
Killer whales teach
and killer whales share food.
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Cando a evolución fai algo novo,
usa as pezas que ten,
03:58
When evolution makes something new,
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04:00
it uses the parts it has
in stock, off the shelf,
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sácaas do caixón,
antes de dar un novo xiro.
04:05
before it fabricates a new twist.
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O noso cerebro chegounos
04:07
And our brain has come to us
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a través dun longo período de tempo.
04:10
through the enormity
of the deep sweep of time.
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Se comparamos o cerebro humano
co do chimpancé,
04:14
If you look at the human brain
compared to a chimpanzee brain,
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vemos que temos
un gran cerebro de chimpancé.
04:18
what you see is we have basically
a very big chimpanzee brain.
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04:21
It's a good thing ours is bigger,
because we're also really insecure.
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Isto é algo bo para nós,
porque somos inseguros.
04:25
(Laughter)
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04:27
But, uh oh, there's a dolphin,
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Pero están os golfiños
cun cerebro meirande
e máis circunvolucións.
04:30
a bigger brain with more convolutions.
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04:34
OK, maybe you're saying,
all right, well, we see brains,
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Quizais estades dicindo
"vemos cerebros,
pero que teñen que ver
04:37
but what does that
have to say about minds?
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coa mente?"
Podemos ver o funcionamento da mente
04:40
Well, we can see the working of the mind
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na lóxica do comportamento.
04:44
in the logic of behaviors.
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04:46
So these elephants, you can see,
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Estes elefantes, como podedes ver,
están a descansar.
04:50
obviously, they are resting.
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Atoparon sombra
04:53
They have found a patch of shade
under the palm trees
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so unha palmeira
baixo a cal dormen as súas crías
04:57
under which to let their babies sleep,
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mentres eles sonean, mais vixiantes.
05:00
while they doze but remain vigilant.
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Entendemos esa imaxe
05:03
We make perfect sense of that image
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así como eles saben o que fan
05:06
just as they make perfect sense
of what they're doing
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porque baixo o mesmo sol
nas mesmas chairas
05:10
because under the arc of the same sun
on the same plains,
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escoitando os ouveos
dos mesmos perigos,
05:13
listening to the howls
of the same dangers,
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convertéronse no que son
e nós no que somos.
05:17
they became who they are
and we became who we are.
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Fomos veciños por moito tempo.
05:22
We've been neighbors for a very long time.
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Ninguén diría que estes elefantes
están relaxados.
05:24
No one would mistake
these elephants as being relaxed.
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Están moi preocupados por algo.
05:28
They're obviously very
concerned about something.
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Que lles preocupa?
05:31
What are they concerned about?
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Se gravades as voces dos turistas
05:33
It turns out that if you record
the voices of tourists
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e as reproducides cun altofalante
escondido nuns arbustos,
05:37
and you play that recording
from a speaker hidden in bushes,
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os elefantes ignorarano
porque non os molestan.
05:42
elephants will ignore it,
because tourists never bother elephants.
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Pero se gravades as voces dos pastores
05:46
But if you record the voices of herders
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que levan lanzas e os feren
en enfrontamentos nas áreas de auga,
05:50
who carry spears and often hurt elephants
in confrontations at water holes,
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os elefantes agruparanse
e fuxirán do altofalante oculto.
05:55
the elephants will bunch up
and run away from the hidden speaker.
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Non só saben que hai humanos,
06:00
Not only do elephants know
that there are humans,
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saben que hai distintos tipos
06:04
they know that there are
different kinds of humans,
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e que algúns son bos
e outros perigosos.
06:06
and that some are OK
and some are dangerous.
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Estiveron observándonos máis tempo
que nós a eles.
06:10
They have been watching us for much longer
than we have been watching them.
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Coñécennos mellor do que nós a eles.
06:15
They know us better than we know them.
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Temos os mesmos imperativos:
06:18
We have the same imperatives:
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coidar dos nosos bebés, atopar comida,
manternos vivos.
06:21
take care of our babies,
find food, try to stay alive.
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Tanto se nos equipamos
para facer sendeirismo
06:26
Whether we're outfitted for hiking
in the hills of Africa
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nas montañas de África
ou para somerxernos no mar,
06:30
or outfitted for diving under the sea,
we are basically the same.
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somos os mesmos.
Somos parentes baixo a pel.
06:34
We are kin under the skin.
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O elefante ten o mesmo esqueleto,
06:36
The elephant has the same skeleton,
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a candorca ten o mesmo esqueleto ca nós.
06:39
the killer whale has the same skeleton,
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06:41
as do we.
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Vémolos axudar onde se necesita.
06:45
We see helping where help is needed.
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Vemos curiosidade no novo.
06:48
We see curiosity in the young.
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Vemos os lazos
de conexións familiares.
06:52
We see the bonds of family connections.
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Recoñecemos o afecto.
06:57
We recognize affection.
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O cortexo é o cortexo.
07:00
Courtship is courtship.
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E preguntámonos:
07:03
And then we ask, "Are they conscious?"
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son conscientes?
Cando vos poñen anestesia xeral,
quedades inconscientes,
07:07
When you get general anesthesia,
it makes you unconscious,
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07:10
which means you have
no sensation of anything.
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polo que non sentides nada.
A consciencia séntese coma algo.
07:13
Consciousness is simply
the thing that feels like something.
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07:17
If you see, if you hear, if you feel,
if you're aware of anything,
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Se vedes, oídes, sentides,
dádesvos conta de algo,
sodes conscientes
e eles son conscientes.
07:21
you are conscious, and they are conscious.
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Algúns din que hai cousas
que fan humanos ós humanos
07:27
Some people say
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07:28
well, there are certain things
that make humans humans,
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e unha delas é a empatía.
07:30
and one of those things is empathy.
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A empatía é a facultade de comprender
o estado anímico dos compañeiros.
07:32
Empathy is the mind's ability
to match moods with your companions.
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É algo moi útil.
07:39
It's a very useful thing.
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Se os vosos compañeiros
se moven rápido,
07:41
If your companions start to move quickly,
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sentides que necesitades apurarvos.
Todos temos présa agora.
07:43
you have to feel like
you need to hurry up.
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07:45
We're all in a hurry now.
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A forma máis antiga de empatía
é contaxiar o medo.
07:47
The oldest form of empathy
is contagious fear.
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Se os vosos compañeiros
se asustan e foxen,
07:50
If your companions suddenly
startle and fly away,
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non sería útil pensar
07:53
it does not work very well for you to say,
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"pregúntome por que todos marcharon".
07:55
"Jeez, I wonder why everybody just left."
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07:58
(Laughter)
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A empatía é vella, pero a empatía,
como todo na vida,
08:03
Empathy is old, but empathy,
like everything else in life,
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ten distintos graos
e a súa elaboración.
08:06
comes on a sliding scale
and has its elaboration.
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Está a empatía básica:
08:10
So there's basic empathy:
you feel sad, it makes me sad.
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se estades tristes, síntome triste.
Véxovos felices, síntome feliz.
08:14
I see you happy, it makes me happy.
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Logo está o que chamo simpatía,
un pouco máis distante:
08:17
Then there's something
that I call sympathy,
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08:19
a little more removed:
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sinto que a túa avoa finara.
08:22
"I'm sorry to hear that your grandmother
has just passed away.
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Non sinto a mesma dor, pero enténdoa,
sei o que sentes e preocúpome.
08:25
I don't feel that same grief,
but I get it; I know what you feel
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08:29
and it concerns me."
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E se estamos motivados
para reaccionar á simpatía,
08:30
And then if we're motivated
to act on sympathy,
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chámoo compaixón.
08:33
I call that compassion.
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Lonxe de ser o que nos fai humanos,
08:36
Far from being the thing
that makes us human,
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a empatía humana
está lonxe da perfección.
08:39
human empathy is far from perfect.
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Reunimos criaturas empáticas,
matámolas e comémolas.
08:42
We round up empathic creatures,
we kill them and we eat them.
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Quizais pensedes
"son especies diferentes.
08:48
Now, maybe you say OK,
well, those are different species.
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Só é depredación
e o humano é depredador".
08:50
That's just predation,
and humans are predators.
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Pero tampouco tratamos ben
á nosa propia especie.
08:54
But we don't treat our own kind
too well either.
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Quen parece que só coñece algo
sobre o comportamento animal,
09:01
People who seem to know
only one thing about animal behavior
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sabe que non se deben atribuír
pensamentos e emocións humanos
09:04
know that you must never attribute
human thoughts and emotions
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a outras especies.
09:08
to other species.
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Creo que é unha parvada,
09:10
Well, I think that's silly,
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porque atribuír pensamentos
e emocións humanos a outras especies
09:12
because attributing human thoughts
and emotions to other species
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é a mellor e primeira idea
sobre o que fan e senten,
09:16
is the best first guess about what
they're doing and how they're feeling,
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porque os seus cerebros
son os mesmos cós nosos.
09:20
because their brains
are basically the same as ours.
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Teñen as mesmas estruturas.
09:24
They have the same structures.
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As mesmas hormonas que crean
o estado de ánimo e nos motivan,
09:26
The same hormones that create
mood and motivation in us
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tamén están neses cerebros.
09:31
are in those brains as well.
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Non é científico dicir
que cando teñen fame, cazan
09:35
It is not scientific to say that they
are hungry when they're hunting
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ou que están cansos
cando as súas linguas colgan
09:40
and they're tired when
their tongues are hanging out,
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e que cando xogan coas súas crías
e están ledos e felices
09:43
and then say when they're playing
with their children
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09:45
and acting joyful and happy,
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non temos nin idea
de se están a experimentar algo.
09:47
we have no idea if they can possibly
be experiencing anything.
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Iso non é científico.
09:52
That is not scientific.
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Un xornalista díxome:
09:55
So OK, so a reporter said to me,
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como sabes que os animais
poden pensar e sentir?
09:58
"Maybe, but how do you really know
that other animals can think and feel?"
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Comecei a buscar nos centos
de referencias científicas
10:02
And I started to rifle
through all the hundreds
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10:05
of scientific references
that I put in my book
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2499
que puxen no meu libro
e comprendín que a resposta
estaba no cuarto comigo.
10:08
and I realized that the answer
was right in the room with me.
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596262
3240
Cando a miña cadela deixa a alfombra
e vén onda min, non ó sofá, a min
10:11
When my dog gets off the rug
and comes over to me --
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599526
3753
10:15
not to the couch, to me --
174
603303
1762
e dá a volta sobre o lombo
e expón o seu ventre,
10:17
and she rolls over on her back
and exposes her belly,
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4177
ela pensou "quero que me rasquen o ventre.
10:21
she has had the thought,
"I would like my belly rubbed.
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2868
Sei que podo ir onda Carl.
El entenderá o que lle pido.
10:26
I know that I can go over to Carl,
177
614565
2536
10:29
he will understand what I'm asking.
178
617125
2313
Sei que podo confiar nel
porque somos familia.
10:32
I know I can trust him
because we're family.
179
620084
2496
Fará o traballo e sentireime ben".
10:35
He'll get the job done,
and it will feel good."
180
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2715
10:38
(Laughter)
181
626145
1886
Ela pensou e sentiu,
10:40
She has thought and she has felt,
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3329
e non é máis complicado ca iso.
10:43
and it's really not
more complicated than that.
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631408
2664
Pero vemos a outros animais e dicimos:
10:46
But we see other animals
and we say, "Oh look, killer whales,
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634096
4613
"candorcas, lobos, elefantes.
10:50
wolves, elephants:
185
638733
2410
Non o ven así".
10:53
that's not how they see it."
186
641167
1611
Ese macho da aleta alta é L41.
10:55
That tall-finned male is L41.
187
643714
4294
Ten 38 anos.
11:00
He's 38 years old.
188
648032
2047
A femia á súa esquerda é L22.
11:02
The female right on his left side is L22.
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650103
3472
Ten 44 anos.
11:05
She's 44.
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653899
1552
Coñécense desde hai décadas.
11:07
They've known each other for decades.
191
655475
2635
Saben quen son eles.
11:10
They know exactly who they are.
192
658650
1972
Saben quen son os seus amigos.
Quen son os seus rivais.
11:12
They know who their friends are.
193
660646
1551
11:14
They know who their rivals are.
194
662221
1698
A súa vida segue unha traxectoria.
11:15
Their life follows the arc of a career.
195
663943
2113
Saben onde están todo o tempo.
11:18
They know where they are all the time.
196
666802
2234
Este elefante é Philo.
11:22
This is an elephant named Philo.
197
670863
2375
Era un macho novo.
11:25
He was a young male.
198
673667
1828
Este é el catro días despois.
11:27
This is him four days later.
199
675519
1818
Os humanos non só sentimos dor,
11:30
Humans not only can feel grief,
we create an awful lot of it.
200
678999
5330
tamén causamos moita.
Queremos tallar os seus dentes.
11:38
We want to carve their teeth.
201
686648
2314
Por que non podemos esperar
a que morran?
11:42
Why can't we wait for them to die?
202
690153
3304
Os elefantes habitaban
desde a beira do Mar Mediterráneo
11:47
Elephants once ranged from the shores
of the Mediterranean Sea
203
695998
3468
11:51
all the way down to the Cape of Good Hope.
204
699490
2075
ata o cabo de Boa Esperanza.
En 1980 había grandes redutos
de elefantes
11:53
In 1980, there were vast
strongholds of elephant range
205
701589
3386
en África central e oriental.
11:56
in Central and Eastern Africa.
206
704999
2188
E agora o seu hábitat está desfeito
en pequenos fragmentos.
11:59
And now their range is shattered
into little shards.
207
707211
4337
Esta é a xeografía dun animal
12:03
This is the geography of an animal
that we are driving to extinction,
208
711572
4679
ó que estamos extinguindo,
Un compañeiro,
a criatura máis magnífica da terra.
12:08
a fellow being, the most
magnificent creature on land.
209
716275
3849
Claro que coidamos máis a nosa fauna
nos Estados Unidos.
12:13
Of course, we take much better care
of our wildlife in the United States.
210
721288
4028
No Parque Nacional de Yellowstone,
12:17
In Yellowstone National Park,
we killed every single wolf.
211
725681
4235
matamos todos os lobos.
Matamos todos os lobos
ó sur da fronteira con Canadá.
12:21
We killed every single wolf
south of the Canadian border, actually.
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729940
3449
Pero no parque,
os vixías fixérono nos anos 20
12:25
But in the park, park rangers
did that in the 1920s,
213
733413
4393
e 60 anos despois tiveron que traelos,
12:29
and then 60 years later
they had to bring them back,
214
737830
2591
porque a poboación de alces
estaba descontrolada.
12:32
because the elk numbers
had gotten out of control.
215
740445
2907
Logo veu a xente.
12:36
And then people came.
216
744511
1274
Miles de persoas viñeron ver os lobos,
12:37
People came by the thousands
to see the wolves,
217
745809
3724
os máis visibles e accesibles do mundo.
12:41
the most accessibly
visible wolves in the world.
218
749557
3495
Eu fun alí e vin esta incrible familia.
Unha manda é unha familia.
12:45
And I went there and I watched
this incredible family of wolves.
219
753512
3252
12:48
A pack is a family.
220
756788
1453
Ten adultos reprodutores
e novos de varias xeracións.
12:50
It has some breeding adults
and the young of several generations.
221
758265
3575
Vin a manda máis estable e famosa
do Parque Nacional de Yellowstone.
12:55
And I watched the most famous, most stable
pack in Yellowstone National Park.
222
763158
4616
Cando vagaban fóra da fronteira,
13:00
And then, when they wandered
just outside the border,
223
768370
3130
dous dos seus adultos foron asasinados,
13:03
two of their adults were killed,
224
771524
2681
a nai incluída,
13:06
including the mother,
225
774229
2253
á que ás veces chamamos femia alfa.
13:08
which we sometimes call the alpha female.
226
776506
2178
O resto da familia sumiuse
nunha rivalidade entre irmáns.
13:11
The rest of the family immediately
descended into sibling rivalry.
227
779502
4243
As irmás expulsaban a outras irmás.
13:16
Sisters kicked out other sisters.
228
784871
2241
Esa da esquerda intentou durante días
volver coa súa familia.
13:19
That one on the left tried for days
to rejoin her family.
229
787565
3481
Non llo permitiron porque tiñan celos.
13:23
They wouldn't let her
because they were jealous of her.
230
791070
2692
Estaba chamando a atención
de dous machos novos
13:25
She was getting too much attention
from two new males,
231
793786
2813
e ela era a precoz.
13:28
and she was the precocious one.
232
796623
2018
Iso foi demasiado para elas.
13:30
That was too much for them.
233
798665
1653
Acabou vagando fóra do parque
e recibindo un disparo.
13:32
She wound up wandering
outside the park and getting shot.
234
800342
2725
O macho alfa acabou expulsado
da súa familia.
13:36
The alpha male wound up
being ejected from his own family.
235
804463
3409
Cando chegou o inverno,
13:40
As winter was coming in,
236
808436
2003
perdeu o seu territorio,
o seu apoio de caza,
13:42
he lost his territory,
his hunting support,
237
810463
3750
os membros da súa familia
e a súa parella.
13:46
the members of his family and his mate.
238
814237
2471
Causámoslles moita dor.
13:50
We cause so much pain to them.
239
818883
3624
O misterio é
13:55
The mystery is, why don't
they hurt us more than they do?
240
823665
4960
por que non nos fan máis dano?
Esta candorca acababa de comer
parte dunha foca gris
14:01
This whale had just finished eating
part of a grey whale
241
829855
3198
cos seus compañeiros, quen a mataran.
14:05
with his companions
who had killed that whale.
242
833077
2579
Esa xente do bote
non tiña nada que temer.
14:07
Those people in the boat
had nothing at all to fear.
243
835680
3084
Esta candorca é T20.
14:11
This whale is T20.
244
839999
1989
Acababa de partir unha foca en tres
con dous compañeiros.
14:14
He had just finished tearing a seal
into three pieces with two companions.
245
842488
4251
A foca pesaba tanto coma a xente do bote.
14:19
The seal weighed about as much
as the people in the boat.
246
847168
2692
Non tiñan nada que temer.
14:21
They had nothing to fear.
247
849884
1503
Aliméntanse de focas.
14:24
They eat seals.
248
852189
1422
14:26
Why don't they eat us?
249
854699
1686
Por que non nos comen?
Por que podemos confiarlles
os nosos fillos?
14:30
Why can we trust them around our toddlers?
250
858823
3760
Por que as candorcas van
por investigadores perdidos na néboa
14:36
Why is it that killer whales have returned
to researchers lost in thick fog
251
864488
5902
e os guían durante quilómetros
ata que a néboa desaparece
14:42
and led them miles until the fog parted
252
870414
3330
e o seu fogar aparece aí, na costa?
14:45
and the researchers' home
was right there on the shoreline?
253
873768
3165
Isto pasou máis dunha vez.
14:48
And that's happened more than one time.
254
876957
2016
Nas Bahamas, unha muller,
Denise Herzing,
14:53
In the Bahamas, there's a woman
named Denise Herzing,
255
881171
2575
estuda os golfiños manchados
e eles coñécena.
14:55
and she studies spotted dolphins
and they know her.
256
883770
3324
14:59
She knows them very well.
She knows who they all are.
257
887118
2598
Ela coñéceos moi ben.
Sabe quen son todos.
Eles coñécena.
Recoñecen o barco de investigación.
15:01
They know her.
They recognize the research boat.
258
889740
2262
Cando aparece, é unha reunión feliz.
Agás unha vez, ela chegou
15:04
When she shows up,
it's a big happy reunion.
259
892026
2230
15:06
Except, one time showed up and they
didn't want to come near the boat,
260
894280
3315
e eles non querían achegarse,
o que era moi raro.
15:09
and that was really strange.
261
897619
2074
Non sabían que pasaba
ata que alguén saíu a cuberta
15:11
And they couldn't figure out
what was going on
262
899717
2164
15:13
until somebody came out on deck
263
901905
1500
e anunciou que
unha das persoas a bordo finara
15:15
and announced that one
of the people onboard had died
264
903429
2635
durante unha sesta na súa liteira.
15:18
during a nap in his bunk.
265
906088
1771
Como sabían os golfiños
que un dos corazóns humanos
15:20
How could dolphins know
that one of the human hearts
266
908740
3926
acababa de parar?
15:24
had just stopped?
267
912690
1469
Por que lles importaba?
15:26
Why would they care?
268
914818
2290
E por que os asustou?
15:29
And why would it spook them?
269
917132
2193
Estes misterios apuntan
a todo o que pasa
15:33
These mysterious things just hint at
all of the things that are going on
270
921111
5299
nas mentes que están con nós na Terra
15:38
in the minds that are with us on Earth
271
926434
2742
sobre as que case nunca pensamos.
15:41
that we almost never think about at all.
272
929200
4231
Nun acuario en Suráfrica
15:46
At an aquarium in South Africa
273
934258
2172
había unha pequena cría de arroaz
chamada Dolly.
15:48
was a little baby bottle-nosed
dolphin named Dolly.
274
936454
3224
Estaba lactando
15:52
She was nursing, and one day
a keeper took a cigarette break
275
940178
6144
e un día un vixiante nun descanso
estaba a mirar pola fiestra
á súa piscina, fumando.
15:58
and he was looking into the window
into their pool, smoking.
276
946346
4107
Dolly achegouse e mirouno,
16:02
Dolly came over and looked at him,
277
950477
2374
foi onda a nai,
16:04
went back to her mother,
nursed for a minute or two,
278
952875
3878
lactou un minuto ou dous
volveu á fiestra
16:08
came back to the window
279
956777
1803
e soltou unha nube de leite
que lle cubriu a cabeza como o fume.
16:10
and released a cloud of milk
that enveloped her head like smoke.
280
958604
5665
Dalgún xeito,
16:16
Somehow, this baby bottle-nosed dolphin
281
964293
3106
esta cría de arroaz tivo a idea
16:19
got the idea of using milk
to represent smoke.
282
967423
4289
de usar leite para representar o fume.
Cando os humanos usan algo
para representar outra cousa,
16:24
When human beings use one thing
to represent another,
283
972211
3348
chamámolo arte.
16:27
we call that art.
284
975583
2025
16:29
(Laughter)
285
977632
2023
O que nos fai humanos
non é o que cremos que nolo fai.
16:31
The things that make us human
286
979679
1531
16:33
are not the things
that we think make us human.
287
981234
3080
O que nos fai humanos é que,
16:36
What makes us human is that,
288
984781
2324
de todo o que as nosas mentes
e as súas teñen,
16:39
of all these things that our minds
and their minds have,
289
987129
3136
nós somos os máis extremos.
16:42
we are the most extreme.
290
990289
2240
Somos os máis compasivos,
16:46
We are the most compassionate,
291
994347
2289
os máis violentos, os máis creativos
16:48
most violent, most creative
292
996660
3017
e o animal máis destrutivo
que houbo neste planeta.
16:51
and most destructive animal
that has ever been on this planet,
293
999701
4660
e somos todo iso xunto.
16:56
and we are all of those things
all jumbled up together.
294
1004385
3724
Pero o amor non é o que nos fai humanos.
17:01
But love is not the thing
that makes us human.
295
1009341
4238
Non é especial para nós.
17:06
It's not special to us.
296
1014242
2352
Non somos os únicos
17:09
We are not the only ones
who care about our mates.
297
1017674
3971
que nos preocupamos polos demais.
Non somos os únicos
que nos preocupamos
17:13
We are not the only ones
who care about our children.
298
1021669
3338
polos nosos fillos.
Os albatros voan nove,
ás veces 16.000 quilómetros
17:18
Albatrosses frequently fly six,
sometimes ten thousand miles
299
1026904
4970
durante semanas
para entregar unha comida,
17:23
over several weeks to deliver
one meal, one big meal,
300
1031898
4487
unha gran comida,
ás súas crías que os esperan.
17:28
to their chick who is waiting for them.
301
1036409
1976
Aniñan nas illas máis remotas
dos océanos do mundo
17:30
They nest on the most remote islands
in the oceans of the world,
302
1038835
4398
17:35
and this is what it looks like.
303
1043257
2373
e así é como son.
Pasar a vida dunha xeración a outra
é a cadea do ser.
17:39
Passing life from one generation
to the next is the chain of being.
304
1047370
4180
17:43
If that stops, it all goes away.
305
1051574
2976
Se se para, todo remata.
Se hai algo sagrado, é isto,
17:46
If anything is sacred, that is,
and into that sacred relationship
306
1054975
4650
e a esa relación sagrada
chega o noso lixo de plástico.
17:51
comes our plastic trash.
307
1059649
2831
Todos estes paxaros
teñen plástico neles.
17:54
All of these birds
have plastic in them now.
308
1062504
2687
Este é un albatros de seis meses
17:57
This is an albatross six months old,
ready to fledge --
309
1065990
4651
listo para emplumar, morto,
cheo de chisqueiros vermellos.
18:02
died, packed with red cigarette lighters.
310
1070665
4001
Esta non é a relación que se supón
que temos que ter
18:06
This is not the relationship
we are supposed to have
311
1074690
3285
co resto do mundo.
18:09
with the rest of the world.
312
1077999
1586
Pero nós, que nos identificamos
logo do noso cerebro,
18:11
But we, who have named
ourselves after our brains,
313
1079609
3324
nunca pensamos nas consecuencias.
18:16
never think about the consequences.
314
1084195
3386
Cando damos a benvida
a un novo humano no mundo,
18:21
When we welcome new
human life into the world,
315
1089041
3120
damos a benvida ós nosos bebés
na compañía doutras criaturas.
18:24
we welcome our babies
into the company of other creatures.
316
1092185
4503
Pintamos animais nas paredes.
Non pintamos móbiles.
18:28
We paint animals on the walls.
317
1096712
2093
18:30
We don't paint cell phones.
318
1098829
1828
Non pintamos espazos de traballo.
18:32
We don't paint work cubicles.
319
1100681
2143
Pintamos animais para amosarlles
que non estamos sós.
18:34
We paint animals to show them
that we are not alone.
320
1102848
3901
Temos compañía.
18:39
We have company.
321
1107316
1743
E cada un deses animais
en cada pintura da arca de Noé,
18:42
And every one of those animals
in every painting of Noah's ark,
322
1110527
4740
considerados dignos de salvación
está en perigo mortal agora,
18:47
deemed worthy of salvation
is in mortal danger now,
323
1115291
4340
e o seu diluvio somos nós.
18:51
and their flood is us.
324
1119655
2253
Comezamos cunha pregunta:
18:55
So we started with a question:
325
1123704
2299
quérennos?
18:58
Do they love us?
326
1126027
1864
Imos facer outra pregunta.
19:01
We're going to ask another question.
327
1129999
2048
Somos capaces de usar o que temos
19:04
Are we capable of using what we have
328
1132999
3610
para coidalos o suficiente
19:09
to care enough to simply
let them continue?
329
1137918
4173
para deixalos continuar?
Moitas grazas.
19:16
Thank you very much.
330
1144725
1341
19:18
(Applause)
331
1146090
5640

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carl Safina - Ecologist, writer
Carl Safina's writing explores the scientific, moral and social dimensions of our relationship with nature.

Why you should listen

Carl Safina explores how the ocean is changing and what those changes mean for wildlife and for people.

Safina is author of seven books, including Song for the Blue Ocean, which was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year, Eye of the Albatross, Voyage of the Turtle and The View From Lazy Point. Safina is founding president of The Safina Center at Stony Brook University, where he also co-chairs the University's Alan Alda Center for Communicating Science. A winner of the 2012 Orion Award and a MacArthur Prize, among others, his work has been featured in outlets such as The New York Times, National Geographic, CNN.com and The Huffington Post, and he hosts “Saving the Ocean” on PBS.

 

His latest book, Beyond Words: What Animals Think And Feel, explores the inner lives of animals.

More profile about the speaker
Carl Safina | Speaker | TED.com