TEDGlobal 2017
Christian Rodríguez: What teen pregnancy looks like in Latin America
Christian Rodríguez: Kako izgleda tinejdžerska trudnoća u Latinskoj Americi
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Christian Rodríguez fotograf je i producent -- i sin majke tinejdžerke. Zadnjih je par godina bilježio tinejdžerske trudnoće u Latinskoj Americi, stvarajući intimne i dostojanstvene protrete majki, od kojih neke imaju tek 12 godina. U ovom dirljivom, vizualnom govoru podijelit će svoj rad i objasniti kako djevojke tako rano majčinstvo zarobljava u ciklusu siromaštva i eksploatacije.
Christian Rodríguez - Documentary photographer
TED Fellow Christian Rodríguez explores themes related to gender and identity, working with communities all over the world. Full bio
TED Fellow Christian Rodríguez explores themes related to gender and identity, working with communities all over the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
For the last five years,
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Zadnjih pet godina
bilježio sam živote majki
tinejdžerske dobi u Latinskoj Americi.
tinejdžerske dobi u Latinskoj Americi.
00:14
I have documented the lives
of teenage mothers in Latin America.
of teenage mothers in Latin America.
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00:19
I started with a series of photographs
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Započeo sam serijom fotografija
o trenutku rođenja
00:22
about the moment of birth
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u mojoj zemlji, Urugvaju.
00:24
in my country, Uruguay.
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00:29
(Video) (Screaming)
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(Video) (Vrištanje)
00:33
(Grunting)
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(Stenjanje)
00:37
(Newborn crying)
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(Plač novorođenčeta)
00:50
I am the son of a teenage mother
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Sin sam tinejdžerske majke
i moja je sestra
postala majka sa 16 godina.
postala majka sa 16 godina.
00:53
and my sister became
a teenage mother when she was 16.
a teenage mother when she was 16.
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00:57
I began exploring the theme
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Počeo sam istraživati tu temu
da bolje shvatim sebe i svoje podrijetlo.
00:59
to better understand
myself and my origins.
myself and my origins.
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01:04
In developing countries,
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U zemljama u razvoju,
01:06
7.3 million girls under the age of 18
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7,3 milijuna djevojaka mlađih od 18 godina
rodi svake godine.
01:10
give birth each year.
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01:13
Projections suggest
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Procjene kažu
da će stopa tinejdžerskih trudnoća
u Latinskoj Americi
u Latinskoj Americi
01:14
that the teen pregnancy rate
in Latin America
in Latin America
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biti najviša u svijetu
01:17
will be the highest in the world
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idućih 80 godina.
01:19
for the next 80 years.
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01:21
In Mexico, almost one in two
sexually active adolescents
sexually active adolescents
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U Meksiku, skoro jedna od dvije
seksualno aktivne tinejdžerke
seksualno aktivne tinejdžerke
zatrudni u dobi između 12 i 19 godina.
01:26
get pregnant between the ages
of 12 to 19 years old.
of 12 to 19 years old.
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01:31
Teenage pregnancy
is not just about young pregnancies.
is not just about young pregnancies.
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Kod tinejdžerske trudnoće
nije samo problem u trudnoći kod mladih.
nije samo problem u trudnoći kod mladih.
01:35
It is about gender violence,
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Problem je u spolnom zlostavljanju,
fizičkom, simboličkom, psihološkom
i ekonomskom nasilju.
i ekonomskom nasilju.
01:37
physical, symbolic, psychological
and economic violence.
and economic violence.
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01:43
Girls who become pregnant
before they are 18
before they are 18
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Djevojke koje zatrudne prije 18. godine
rijetko dosegnu
adekvatan standard življenja.
adekvatan standard življenja.
01:46
rarely achieve an adequate
standard of living.
standard of living.
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01:50
The pattern of poverty
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Kombinacija siromaštva
i ograničen pristup edukaciji
i zdravstvenoj njezi
i zdravstvenoj njezi
01:51
and limited access
to education and health care
to education and health care
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zajednički su tim
tinejdžerskim trudnoćama.
tinejdžerskim trudnoćama.
01:54
are a common thread
among teen pregnancies.
among teen pregnancies.
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01:57
If a girl in Latin America
gets pregnant before she is 16,
gets pregnant before she is 16,
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Ako djevojka u Latinskoj Americi
zatrudni prije svoje 16. godine,
zatrudni prije svoje 16. godine,
rizik maternalne smrtnosti
učetverostručuje se
učetverostručuje se
02:02
the risk of maternal death
increases fourfold
increases fourfold
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u usporedbi sa ženom u dvadesetima.
02:05
over a woman in their 20s.
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02:09
And somehow, in spite of all this,
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I nekako, unatoč svemu ovome,
02:12
motherhood also imparts a status
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majčinstvo pruža status
02:15
and a respect to the adolescent
in her community.
in her community.
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i poštovanje adolescentici
u njenoj zajednici.
u njenoj zajednici.
02:20
Her child becomes her life project.
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Njeno dijete postaje njen životni projekt.
02:25
A high percentage of girls
under the age of 18 are single mothers,
under the age of 18 are single mothers,
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Vrlo visok postotak djevojaka
mlađih od 18 čine samohrane majke,
mlađih od 18 čine samohrane majke,
a takva je bila i moja majka.
02:29
as was my mother.
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02:31
When I was learning to be a parent,
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Kada sam učio biti roditelj,
usredotočio sam se na odnos oca i djeteta,
02:33
I began to focus on the relationship
between father and child,
between father and child,
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temu kojoj se rijetko pridaje puno pažnje.
02:38
a subject rarely given much attention.
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02:42
I wanted to highlight the ways
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Htio sam naglasiti načine
na koje trebamo dječake
drugačije obrazovati,
drugačije obrazovati,
02:44
in which we need
to educate boys differently
to educate boys differently
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bez da ih pretvorimo
u pretjerano muževne muškarce.
u pretjerano muževne muškarce.
02:46
without turning them into macho men.
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02:49
In some cases, families
send boys to school but not girls.
send boys to school but not girls.
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U nekim slučajevima, obitelji
dječake šalju u školu, a djevojčice ne.
dječake šalju u školu, a djevojčice ne.
02:54
The persistence of teen pregnancy
heightened the gender equity gap
heightened the gender equity gap
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Učestalost tinejdžerskih trudnoća
povećala je jaz u ravnopravnosti spolova
povećala je jaz u ravnopravnosti spolova
i zadržala postojanje
tradicionalnih uloga.
tradicionalnih uloga.
02:58
and the continued existence
of traditional roles.
of traditional roles.
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03:03
If we were to allow
equal opportunities to girls,
equal opportunities to girls,
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Da djevojkama pružamo jednake prilike,
one bi mogle steći nezavisnost.
03:06
they could gain independence.
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03:09
Educating girls is key
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Obrazovanje djevojaka je ključno
za prekid ciklusa tinejdžerskih trudnoća.
03:12
to breaking cycles of teen pregnancies.
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03:16
Girls getting pregnant
between the ages of 10 to 14
between the ages of 10 to 14
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Djevojke koje zatrudne
između 10. i 14. godine
između 10. i 14. godine
iznimno su ranjiva populacija,
03:20
are an extremely vulnerable population,
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i mogu biti plijen
dvostruko starijim muškarcima.
dvostruko starijim muškarcima.
03:23
and they can be easy prey
for men twice their age.
for men twice their age.
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03:27
There are many cases of violence,
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Postoje mnogi slučajevi nasilja,
incesta i seksualnog zlostavljanja,
03:29
incest and sexual abuse
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počinjenih nad tom grupom.
03:31
perpetrated against this group.
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03:34
This is Gloria.
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Ovo je Gloria.
Postala je majka s 12 godina,
03:36
She became a teen mother at the age of 12,
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kao rezultat neprestanog
zlostavljanja svog oca,
zlostavljanja svog oca,
03:38
a result of the ongoing
abuse by her father,
abuse by her father,
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koji je silovao i Glorijine dvije sestre,
03:41
who was also raping Gloria's two sisters,
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03:44
ages 8 and 16.
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stare 8 i 16 godina.
03:47
In this portrait,
she has butterflies in her hair,
she has butterflies in her hair,
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Na ovom portretu, u kosi ima leptire,
03:51
symbols of resurrection.
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simbole uskrsnuća.
03:54
For me, it's extremely important
to portray this mother with dignity.
to portray this mother with dignity.
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Iznimno mi je važno
ovu majku prikazati s dostojanstvom.
ovu majku prikazati s dostojanstvom.
04:00
Pregnancies among girls
younger than 15 is a growing trend,
younger than 15 is a growing trend,
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Trudnoće djevojaka mlađih
od 15 godina rastući je trend,
od 15 godina rastući je trend,
ne samo u Latinskoj Americi,
04:04
not only in Latin America,
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nego i drugim zemljama
u razvoju širom svijeta.
u razvoju širom svijeta.
04:05
but many developing
countries in the world.
countries in the world.
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04:09
Our region is marred
by bad social and cultural inequalities,
by bad social and cultural inequalities,
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Naša je regija okaljana lošim društvenim
i kulturalnim nejednakostima,
i kulturalnim nejednakostima,
a tinejdžerske trudnoće
samo povećavaju taj jaz.
samo povećavaju taj jaz.
04:14
and teen pregnancy
further increases this divide.
further increases this divide.
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04:18
I am committing
to being part of the solution
to being part of the solution
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Zalažem se da budem dio rješenja,
radeći posao koji implicitno
i nedvosmisleno
i nedvosmisleno
04:20
by making work that implicitly
and emphatically
and emphatically
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zahtjeva ljudska prava za djevojke.
04:23
calls for human rights for girls.
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04:26
The day life projects
for boys and girls become similar,
for boys and girls become similar,
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Onog dana kad životni projekti
za djevojke i dječake postanu slični,
za djevojke i dječake postanu slični,
smanjit će se i stopa
tinejdžerskih trudnoća.
tinejdžerskih trudnoća.
04:32
teenage pregnancy will decrease.
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04:34
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
(Pljesak)
04:35
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christian Rodríguez - Documentary photographerTED Fellow Christian Rodríguez explores themes related to gender and identity, working with communities all over the world.
Why you should listen
Christian Rodríguez is developing two main long-term projects: "Teen Mom," about teenage pregnancy in Latin America; and a personal project on magical realism, the Latin American literary trend. His work has been exhibited in festivals all over the world, such as GetxoPhoto, PhotoEspaña, Paraty Em Foco, Photo Phnom Penh Festival, Photobook Bristol, Photoville and the "Bienal de Fotografía" of the "Centro de la Imagen" (Mexico), and it has been published internationally, including National Geographic, the New York Times, The Guardian, The New Yorker, The Washington Post, El Mundo and others.
In addition to his work as a photographer, Rodríguez is creator and director of SAN JOSE FOTO International festival in Uruguay. He has been awarded the Roberto Villagraz Scholarship of EFTI (Spain), Nuevo Talento Fnac (Spain), Ojo de Pez Human Rights First Prize (Spain) and Getty Instagram Grant 2016 among others. Rodríguez gives workshops and lectures in Latin America and Europe, and he is a member of Prime Collective. He became a TED Fellow in 2017.
Christian Rodríguez | Speaker | TED.com