TEDWomen 2017
Sally Kohn: What we can do about the culture of hate
Sali Kon (Sally Kohn): Šta možemo da uradimo povodom kulture mržnje
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Svi smo protiv mržnje, je li tako? Slažemo se da je ona problem - to jest njihov problem, ne i naš. Međutim, kako je Sali Kon otkrila, svi mi mrzimo - neki od nas na suptilan način, drugi očigledno. Dok se suočava sa teškom pričom iz njenog života, deli sa nama ideju o tome kako možemo da prepoznamo, suprotstavimo se i izlečimo od mržnje naše institucije i nas same.
Sally Kohn - Political pundit
Sally Kohn searches for common ground among political foes by focusing on the compassion and humanity in everyone. Full bio
Sally Kohn searches for common ground among political foes by focusing on the compassion and humanity in everyone. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So people tell me I'm a nice person ...
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Dakle ljudi mi kažu da sam fina osoba...
00:18
to the point where it's part
of my personal and professional identity
of my personal and professional identity
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do te mere da je to deo
moje ličnosti i profesionalnog identiteta
moje ličnosti i profesionalnog identiteta
00:22
that I'm so nice
and able to get along with anyone,
and able to get along with anyone,
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da sam toliko fina
i u stanju da se slažem sa svima,
i u stanju da se slažem sa svima,
00:26
even my most fierce opponents.
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čak i svojim najljućim protivnicima.
00:30
It's like my "thing,"
it's what I'm known for.
it's what I'm known for.
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Nešto kao moj "fazon",
nešto po čemu sam poznata.
nešto po čemu sam poznata.
00:33
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:36
But what no one knows ...
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Međutim, nešto što niko ne zna...
00:41
is that I was a bully.
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je da sam bila siledžija.
00:44
Honestly, I didn't think
about it much myself.
about it much myself.
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Iskreno, nisam mnogo razmišljala o tome.
00:47
I buried the memories for years,
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Godinama sam potiskivala sećanja,
00:50
and even still, a lot of it's really hazy.
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čak i danas, mnogo toga
je uistinu maglovito.
je uistinu maglovito.
00:54
Denial, by the way, apparently
is also one of my things.
is also one of my things.
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Poricanje, usput, očito
je takođe moj fazon.
je takođe moj fazon.
00:56
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:58
But the more people started to praise me
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No, što su me više ljudi hvalili
01:00
for being a liberal who could
get along with conservatives,
get along with conservatives,
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jer sam liberal koji se slaže
sa konzervativcima,
sa konzervativcima,
01:03
and the more I wrote articles
about being nice
about being nice
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i što sam više pisala članke
o pristojnosti
o pristojnosti
01:05
and gave talks about being nice,
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i držala govore o pristojnosti,
01:08
the more I felt this hypocrisy
creeping up inside me.
creeping up inside me.
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sve više sam osećala
kako mi se ovo licemerje prikrada iznutra.
kako mi se ovo licemerje prikrada iznutra.
01:14
What if I was actually really mean?
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Šta ako sam zapravo veoma zla?
01:19
When I was 10 years old,
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Kada mi je bilo 10 godina,
01:24
there was a girl in my class
at school named Vicky.
at school named Vicky.
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u mom odeljenju je bila devojčica
po imenu Viki.
po imenu Viki.
01:27
(Sigh)
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(Uzdah)
01:28
And I tormented her ...
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I ja sam je maltretirala...
01:32
mercilessly.
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bespoštedno.
01:35
I mean, everyone did.
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Mislim, svako je to radio.
01:36
Even the teachers picked on her.
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Čak su i nastavnici imali pik na nju.
01:39
It doesn't make it any better, does it?
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Ne zvuči nimalo lepše, zar ne?
01:42
Vicky was clearly a troubled kid.
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Viki je očito bila dete s problemima.
01:46
She would hit herself
and give herself bloody noses
and give herself bloody noses
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Udarala bi se dok joj nos prokrvari
i imala je probleme s higijenom -
01:48
and she had hygiene problems --
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01:50
she had big hygiene problems.
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imala je velike probelem s higijenom.
01:53
But instead of helping this girl,
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Međutim, umesto da pomognemo
ovoj devojčici,
ovoj devojčici,
01:55
who was plainly suffering
from hardships in her life ...
from hardships in her life ...
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koja je očito patila
zbog poteškoća u njenom životu...
zbog poteškoća u njenom životu...
01:59
we called her "Sticky Vicky."
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zvali smo je "Smrdiviki".
02:03
I called her "Sticky Vicky."
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Ja sam je zvala "Smrdiviki".
02:08
My clearest memory
is standing in the empty hallway
is standing in the empty hallway
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Moje najjasnije sećanje
je kako stojim u praznom hodniku
je kako stojim u praznom hodniku
02:13
outside the fifth grade classrooms
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ispred učionice u petom razredu
02:14
waiting for Vicky
to come out of the bathroom,
to come out of the bathroom,
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čekajući na Viki da izađe iz toaleta,
02:17
and I have a clipboard and a pen
and a survey I've made up,
and a survey I've made up,
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i držala sam notes i olovku
i anketu koju sam izmislila,
i anketu koju sam izmislila,
02:21
asking about shampoo preferences,
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u kojoj pitam o omiljenim šamponima,
02:22
like I'm doing a study
for science class or something.
for science class or something.
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kao da radim istraživanje
za naučni predmet i slično.
za naučni predmet i slično.
02:25
And when Vicky comes out of the bathroom,
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A kada je Viki izašla iz toaleta,
02:28
I pounce on her and I ask her
what shampoo she uses.
what shampoo she uses.
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zaskočila sam je i upitala
koji šampon koristi.
koji šampon koristi.
02:31
Now, to put this in perspective,
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Sad, da bih ovome dala kontekst,
02:33
I can't remember the names of my teachers,
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ne sećam se imena nastavnika,
02:35
I can't remember the names
of any of the books I read that year,
of any of the books I read that year,
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ne sećam se imena nijedne knjige
koju sam pročitala te godine,
koju sam pročitala te godine,
02:38
I pretty much can't remember
anything from fifth grade,
anything from fifth grade,
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skoro da se ne sećam
bilo čega iz petog razreda,
bilo čega iz petog razreda,
02:41
but I remember that Vicky told me
she used White Rain shampoo.
she used White Rain shampoo.
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ali se sećam da mi je Viki rekla
da koristi šampon vajt rejn.
da koristi šampon vajt rejn.
02:45
Clear as yesterday,
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Jasno kao dan,
02:46
like it just happened.
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kao da se upravo desilo.
I dok je zvonilo za kraj časova,
02:48
And as classes let out,
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02:49
I ran down the hall shouting
at all the other kids,
at all the other kids,
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jurila sam niz hodnik vičući
svoj drugoj deci:
svoj drugoj deci:
02:52
"Sticky Vicky uses White Rain shampoo.
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"Smrdiviki koristi šampon vajt rejn.
02:55
Don't use White Rain shampoo
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Ne koristite vajt rejn šampon
02:57
or you'll smell like Sticky Vicky."
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ili ćete da mirišete kao Smrdiviki."
03:02
I forgot about this memory
for a long time.
for a long time.
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Zaboravila sam ovo sećanje
dugo vremena.
dugo vremena.
Kada sam konačno počela da ga se sećam,
03:04
When I finally started remembering it,
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momentalno sam morala da znam više.
03:06
I immediately needed to know more.
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03:08
I reached out to friends
and eventually social media,
and eventually social media,
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Obratila sam se prijateljima
i naposletku društevnim mrežama
i naposletku društevnim mrežama
03:10
and I did everything I could
to try to find Vicky.
to try to find Vicky.
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i učinila sam sve što sam mogla
da pronađem Viki.
da pronađem Viki.
03:13
I needed to know that she was OK,
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Bilo mi je potrebno da znam da je dobro,
03:15
and that I hadn't ruined her life.
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i da joj nisam uništila život.
03:19
(Sigh)
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(Uzdah)
03:20
But what I quickly realized
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No, ubrzo sam shvatila
03:22
was I wasn't just trying to figure out
what happened to Vicky.
what happened to Vicky.
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da nisam jedino pokušavala
da saznam šta se desilo sa Viki.
da saznam šta se desilo sa Viki.
03:25
I was trying to figure out
what happened to me.
what happened to me.
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Pokušavala sam da saznam
šta se desilo sa mnom.
šta se desilo sa mnom.
03:29
When I was 10 years old,
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Kada mi je bilo 10 godina,
03:31
I treated another human being
like some worthless other ...
like some worthless other ...
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tretirala sam drugo ljudsko biće
kao bezvrednog tuđina...
kao bezvrednog tuđina...
03:36
like I was better than her,
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kao da sam bolja od nje,
03:39
and she was garbage.
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a ona je šljam.
03:42
What kind of a nice person does that?
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Kakva fina osoba to radi?
03:44
I mean, I know I was only a kid,
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Mislim, znam da sam bila tek dete,
03:46
but not all kids do that.
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ali ne postupaju sva deca tako.
03:47
Most kids don't do that, right?
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Većina dece tako ne postupa, zar ne?
03:51
So, what if I wasn't nice after all?
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Pa, šta ako, na kraju, uopšte nisam fina?
03:53
I was really just a hateful monster.
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Zaista sam samo okrutno čudovište.
03:57
Then I started to notice myself
having these mean impulses,
having these mean impulses,
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Onda sam počela da zapažam sebe
dok imam te zlobne porive,
dok imam te zlobne porive,
04:02
thinking mean thoughts
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imam zlobne misli
04:04
and wanting to say them.
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i želim da ih izgovorim.
04:08
Admittedly, most of my mean thoughts
were about conservatives.
were about conservatives.
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Priznajem, većina mojih zlobnih misli
je o konzervativcima.
je o konzervativcima.
04:11
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
Ali ne samo o konzervativcima.
04:16
But not just conservatives.
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04:17
I also caught myself thinking mean things
about mushy, centrist liberals
about mushy, centrist liberals
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Takođe sam se uhvatila kako imam zlobne
misli o pekmezavim, liberalima centra
misli o pekmezavim, liberalima centra
04:21
and greedy Wall Street bankers
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i pohlepnim bankarima Vol Strita
04:23
and Islamophobes
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i islamofobima
04:24
and slow drivers,
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i sporim vozačima
04:26
because I really hate slow drivers.
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jer ja zaista mrzim spore vozače.
04:28
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:31
And as I'd catch myself
in these moments of hypocrisy,
in these moments of hypocrisy,
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I dok sam se hvatala
u tim trenucima licemerja,
u tim trenucima licemerja,
04:34
either I was just noticing them
or they were getting worse,
or they were getting worse,
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ili sam ih tek primećivala
ili su postajali sve gori,
ili su postajali sve gori,
04:37
especially in the last few years.
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naročito u proteklih nekolik godina.
04:40
And as I felt more hateful --
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I osećala sam sve više mržnje -
04:42
rageful, really --
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gnevno, zaista -
04:44
I noticed the world around me
seemed to be getting more hateful, too.
seemed to be getting more hateful, too.
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prmetila sam da i svet oko mene
postaje sve više ispunjen mržnjom.
postaje sve više ispunjen mržnjom.
04:47
Like there was this steady
undercurrent of hate
undercurrent of hate
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Kao da imamo istrajnu struju mržnje
04:50
bubbling up all around us
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koja ključa svuda oko nas
04:52
and increasingly overflowing.
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i sve češće izaziva poplave.
04:55
So the plus side, I guess,
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Dakle, dobra strana, valjda,
04:58
is that I realized that hate
was not just my problem,
was not just my problem,
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je da sam uvidela da mržnja
nije sam moj problem,
nije sam moj problem,
05:03
which is like, the most
selfish plus side ever --
selfish plus side ever --
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a to je poput najsebičnije
dobre strane ikad -
dobre strane ikad -
05:06
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:08
because now instead of just my own hate
and cruelty to try to figure out,
and cruelty to try to figure out,
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jer sad umesto da pokušavam da shvatim
sopstvenu mržnju i okrutnost,
sopstvenu mržnju i okrutnost,
05:14
I had a whole world of hate
I wanted to unravel
I wanted to unravel
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preda mnom je bio ceo svet mržnje
koji sam želela da razotkrijem
koji sam želela da razotkrijem
05:18
and understand and fix.
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i razumem i ispravim.
05:22
So I did what all overly intellectual
people do when they have a problem
people do when they have a problem
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Pa sam uradila što i svi preterano
intelektualni ljudi kad imaju problem
intelektualni ljudi kad imaju problem
05:27
that they want to understand,
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koji žele da razumeju,
05:29
and I wrote a book.
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napisala sam knjigu.
05:30
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:33
I wrote a book about hate.
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Napisala sam knjigu o mržnji.
05:35
Spoiler alert:
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Pažnja spojler:
05:37
I'm against it.
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protivnica sam mržnje.
05:38
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:41
Now at this point,
you might be thinking to yourself,
you might be thinking to yourself,
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Sad, u ovom momentu,
možda u sebi mislite:
možda u sebi mislite:
05:44
"Why are y'all worried about hate?
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"Zašto se sekiraš zbog mržnje?
05:45
You didn't hate Vicky.
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Nisi mrzela Viki.
05:47
Bullying isn't hate."
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Siledžijstvo nije mržnja."
05:50
Isn't it?
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Je li tako?
05:53
Gordon Allport,
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Gordon Alport,
05:54
the psychologist who pioneered
the study of hate in the early 1900s,
the study of hate in the early 1900s,
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psiholog koji je bio pionir
istraživanja mržnje iz ranih 1900-ih,
istraživanja mržnje iz ranih 1900-ih,
05:58
developed what he called
a "scale of prejudice."
a "scale of prejudice."
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razvio je nešto što se naziva
"skalom predrasuda".
"skalom predrasuda".
06:01
At one end are things like genocide
and other bias-motivated violence.
and other bias-motivated violence.
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Na jednom kraju su pojave poput genocida
i ostalo nasilje motivisano predrasudama.
i ostalo nasilje motivisano predrasudama.
06:07
But at the other end
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Ali na drugom kraju
06:08
are things like believing
that your in-group
that your in-group
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su pojave poput ubeđenja
da je grupa kojoj pripadate
da je grupa kojoj pripadate
06:11
is inherently superior to some out-group,
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po prirodi superiorna nekoj drugoj grupi;
06:15
or avoiding social interaction
with those others.
with those others.
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ili izbegavanje društvenih interakcija
sa tim drugima.
sa tim drugima.
06:21
Isn't that all hate?
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Zar nije sve to mržnja?
06:24
I mean, it wasn't an accident
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Mislim, nije slučajno
06:26
that I was a rich kid
picking on a poor kid,
picking on a poor kid,
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da sam ja bila bogato dete
koje maltretira siromašno dete
koje maltretira siromašno dete
06:30
or that Vicky, it turns out,
would eventually end up being gay.
would eventually end up being gay.
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ili da je Viki, kako će se ispostaviti,
naposletku ispala gej.
naposletku ispala gej.
06:36
Poor kids and gay kids
are more likely to be bullied,
are more likely to be bullied,
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Siromašnu i gej decu češće maltretiraju,
06:40
even by kids who also end up being gay.
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čak i ona deca koja će takođe
da ispadnu gej.
da ispadnu gej.
06:45
I know there was a lot going on
in my little 10-year-old mind.
in my little 10-year-old mind.
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Znam da se svašta dešavalo
u mom malom umu 10-ogodišnjakinje.
u mom malom umu 10-ogodišnjakinje.
Ne kažem da je mržnja jedini razlog
što sam maltretirala Viki
što sam maltretirala Viki
06:48
I'm not saying hate was the only
reason I picked on Vicky
reason I picked on Vicky
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06:51
or even that I was consciously
hateful or anything,
hateful or anything,
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ili, pak, da sam svesno mrzela i slično,
06:54
but the fact is,
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ali činjenica je
06:56
the people we discriminate against
in our public policies and in our culture
in our public policies and in our culture
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da ljude koje diskriminišemo
u našim javnim politikama i kulturi
u našim javnim politikama i kulturi
07:01
are also the groups of people
most likely to be bullied in school.
most likely to be bullied in school.
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su takođe grupe ljudi
koje najčešće maltretiraju u školi.
koje najčešće maltretiraju u školi.
07:07
That is not just a coincidence.
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Ne radi se o pukoj slučajnosti.
07:11
That's hate.
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To je mržnja.
07:15
I am defining hate in a broad way
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Mržnju definišem široko
07:19
because I think we have a big problem.
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jer verujem da imamo veliki problem.
07:23
And we need to solve all of it,
not just the most extremes.
not just the most extremes.
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I moramo čitavog da ga rešimo,
a ne samo najekstremnije slučajeve.
a ne samo najekstremnije slučajeve.
07:26
So for instance,
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Dakle, na primer,
07:28
we probably all agree
that marching down the street,
that marching down the street,
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svi ćemo se verovatno složiti
da je marširanje ulicom
da je marširanje ulicom
07:30
chanting about you should take away
rights from some group of people
rights from some group of people
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dok uzvkujete kako bi trebalo
uzeti prava nekoj grupi ljudi
uzeti prava nekoj grupi ljudi
07:34
because of their skin color
or their gender,
or their gender,
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zbog njihove boje kože ili roda,
07:36
we'd all agree that's hate, right? OK.
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svi ćemo se složiti
da je to mržnja, zar ne? U redu.
da je to mržnja, zar ne? U redu.
07:39
What if you believe
that group of people is inferior,
that group of people is inferior,
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Šta ako verujete
da je ta grupa ljudi inferiorna,
da je ta grupa ljudi inferiorna,
07:44
but you don't say it?
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ali to ne izgovarate?
07:47
Is that hate?
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Da li je to mržnja?
07:49
Or what if you believe
that group of people is inferior
that group of people is inferior
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Ili šta ako verujete
da je ta grupa ljudi inferiorna,
da je ta grupa ljudi inferiorna,
07:53
but you aren't aware
that you believe it --
that you believe it --
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ali niste svesni da u to verujete -
07:55
what's known as implicit bias.
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a to se smatra implicitnom predrasudom.
07:57
Is that hate?
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Da li je to mržnja?
07:59
I mean they all have
the same roots, don't they?
the same roots, don't they?
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Mislim, sve one imaju
zajednički koren, zar ne?
zajednički koren, zar ne?
08:02
In the historic patterns
of racism and sexism
of racism and sexism
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U istorijskim obrascima rasizma i seksizma
08:05
that have shaped our history
and still infect our society today.
and still infect our society today.
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koji su oblikovali našu istoriju
i dalje inficiraju naša društva.
i dalje inficiraju naša društva.
08:08
Isn't it all hate?
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Zar to nije mržnja?
08:10
I'm not saying they're the same thing,
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Ne govorim da je to jedno te isto,
08:13
just like I am not saying
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isto kao što ne govorim
08:15
that being a bully
is as bad as being a Nazi,
is as bad as being a Nazi,
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da je biti siledžija
jednako loše kao biti nacista,
jednako loše kao biti nacista,
08:18
just like I'm not saying that being a Nazi
is the same thing as punching a Nazi ...
is the same thing as punching a Nazi ...
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isto kao što ne govorim da je biti nacista
isto što i odalamiti nacistu...
isto što i odalamiti nacistu...
08:22
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:28
But hating a Nazi is still hate, right?
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Međutim, mržnja prema nacistima
je i dalje mržnja, zar ne?
je i dalje mržnja, zar ne?
08:33
What about hating someone
who isn't as enlightened as you?
who isn't as enlightened as you?
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Šta ako mrzite nekoga
ko nije prosvećen koliko i vi?
ko nije prosvećen koliko i vi?
08:37
See, what I learned
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Vidite, spoznala sam
08:40
is that we all are against hate
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da smo svi mi protiv mržnje
08:43
and we all think hate is a problem.
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i svi mi mislimo da je ona problem.
08:45
We think it's their problem,
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Smatramo da je njihov problem,
08:48
not our problem.
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ne naš problem.
08:50
They're hateful.
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Oni mrze.
08:52
I mean, if I think the people
who didn't vote like me
who didn't vote like me
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Mislim, ako smatram ljude
koji nisu glasali kao ja
koji nisu glasali kao ja
glupim, rasističkim čudovištima koja
ne zaslužuju da se nazivaju Amerikancima,
ne zaslužuju da se nazivaju Amerikancima,
08:55
are stupid racist monsters who don't
deserve to call themselves Americans,
deserve to call themselves Americans,
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08:58
alright, fine, I'm not being nice,
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u redu, dobro, nisam fina,
09:00
I get it.
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razumem.
09:01
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:03
I'm not hateful, I'm just right, right?
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Ne mrzim, samo sam u pravu, je li tako?
09:06
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:08
Wrong.
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Nije tako.
09:11
We all hate.
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Svi mi mrzimo.
09:14
And I do not mean that
in some abstract, generic sense.
in some abstract, generic sense.
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I ne mislim to u nekakvom
apstraktnom, uopštenom smislu.
apstraktnom, uopštenom smislu.
09:18
I mean all of us ...
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Mislim svi mi...
09:22
me and you.
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ja i vi.
09:25
That sanctimonious pedestal of superiority
on which we all place ourselves,
on which we all place ourselves,
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Taj uzvišeni presto superiornosti
na koji smeštamo sebe,
na koji smeštamo sebe,
09:30
that they are hateful and we are not,
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gde su oni puni mržnje, a mi nismo
09:34
is a manifestation
of the essential root of hate:
of the essential root of hate:
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je otelotvorenje suštinskog korena mržnje:
09:38
that we are fundamentally good
and they are not,
and they are not,
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gde smo mi temeljno dobri, a oni nisu,
09:43
which is what needs to change.
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a to mora da se promeni.
09:45
So in trying to understand and solve hate,
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Pa, pokušavajući da razumem
i rešim problem mržnje,
i rešim problem mržnje,
09:49
I read every book
and every research study I could find,
and every research study I could find,
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pročitala sam sve knjige
i sva istraživanja koja sam našla,
i sva istraživanja koja sam našla,
09:52
but I also went and talked
to some former Nazis
to some former Nazis
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ali sam takođe išla da razgovaram
sa nekim bivšim nacistima
sa nekim bivšim nacistima
09:56
and some former terrorists
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i nekim bivšim teroristima
09:58
and some former genocidal killers,
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i nekim bvšim genocidnim ubicama
10:01
because I figured if they could
figure out how to escape hate,
figure out how to escape hate,
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jer sam razmišljala, ako su oni mogli
da shvate kako da uteknu mržnji,
da shvate kako da uteknu mržnji,
10:05
surely the rest of us could.
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svakako da i mi ostali možemo.
10:07
Let me give you just one example
of the former terrorist I spent time with
of the former terrorist I spent time with
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Daću vam samo jedan primer
bivšeg teroriste sa kojim sam se družila
bivšeg teroriste sa kojim sam se družila
10:11
in the West Bank.
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u Vest Benku.
10:13
When Bassam Aramin was 16 years old,
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Kada je Basamu Araminu bilo 16 godina,
10:17
he tried to blow up an Israeli
military convoy with a grenade.
military convoy with a grenade.
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pokušao je granatom da raznese
izraelski vojni konvoj.
izraelski vojni konvoj.
10:23
He failed, fortunately,
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Srećom, nije uspeo,
10:26
but he was still sentenced
to seven years in prison.
to seven years in prison.
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ali su ga i dalje osudili
na sedam godina zatvora.
na sedam godina zatvora.
10:28
When he was in prison,
they showed a film about the Holocaust.
they showed a film about the Holocaust.
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Dok je bio u zatvoru
prikazali su film o Holokaustu.
prikazali su film o Holokaustu.
10:31
Up until that point,
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Do tog trenutka,
10:32
Bassam had thought the Holocaust
was mostly a myth.
was mostly a myth.
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Basam je mislio kako je Holokaust
uglavnom mit.
uglavnom mit.
10:35
He went to go watch the film
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Pošao je da gleda film
10:37
because he thought he would enjoy
seeing Jews get killed.
seeing Jews get killed.
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jer je mislio da će da uživa
posmatrajući kako ubijaju Jevreje.
posmatrajući kako ubijaju Jevreje.
10:42
But when he saw what really happened,
he broke down crying.
he broke down crying.
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No, kada je video šta se zaista dogodilo,
slomio se u suzama.
slomio se u suzama.
10:47
And eventually, after prison,
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I vremenom će, nakon zatvora,
10:49
Bassam went on to get
a master's degree in Holocaust studies
a master's degree in Holocaust studies
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Basam se zaputiti i steći
diplomu mastera na studijama o Holokaustu
diplomu mastera na studijama o Holokaustu
10:52
and he founded an organization
where former Palestinian combatants
where former Palestinian combatants
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i osnovao je organizaciju
gde se bivši palestinski
gde se bivši palestinski
10:56
and Israeli combatants come together,
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i izraelski borci okupljaju,
10:59
work together, try to find common ground.
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rade zajedno, pokušavaju
da nađu zajednički jezik.
da nađu zajednički jezik.
11:04
By his own account,
Bassam used to hate Israelis,
Bassam used to hate Israelis,
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Prema sopstvenim rečima,
Basam je nekad mrzeo Izraelce,
Basam je nekad mrzeo Izraelce,
11:09
but through knowing Israelis
and learning their stories
and learning their stories
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ali upoznajući Izraelce
i učeći njihove priče
i učeći njihove priče
11:12
and working together for peace,
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i radeći zajedno s njima zarad mira,
11:14
he overcame his hate.
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prevazišao je mržnju.
11:17
Bassam says he still
doesn't hate Israelis,
doesn't hate Israelis,
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3535
Basam kaže kako i dalje ne mrzi Izraelce,
11:22
even after the Israeli military --
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čak i nakon što je izraelska vojska -
11:25
shot and killed his [10]-year-old
daughter, Abir,
daughter, Abir,
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upucala i ubila njegovu
desetogodišnju kćerku Abir
desetogodišnju kćerku Abir
11:27
while she was walking to school.
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1700
dok je išla u školu.
11:32
(Sigh)
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680021
2007
(Uzdah)
11:34
Bassam even forgave the soldier
who killed his daughter.
who killed his daughter.
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2763
Basam je čak oprostio vojniku
koji mu je ubio kćerku.
koji mu je ubio kćerku.
11:38
That soldier, he taught me,
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Taj vojnik, podučavao me je,
11:41
was just a product
of the same hateful system as he was.
of the same hateful system as he was.
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4222
prosto je proizvod istog sistema mržnje
kao što je i sam bio.
kao što je i sam bio.
11:51
If a former terrorist ...
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2212
Ako bivši terorista...
11:56
if a terrorist can learn to stop hating
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704169
4254
ako terorista može da nauči
da prestane da mrzi
da prestane da mrzi
12:00
and still not hate
when their child is killed,
when their child is killed,
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2144
i i dalje da ne mrzi kada mu ubiju dete,
12:02
surely the rest of us can stop our habits
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svakako da i mi ostali možemo
da prekinemo naše navike
da prekinemo naše navike
12:06
of demeaning and dehumanizing each other.
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da unižavamo i onečovečujemo jedni druge.
12:09
And I will tell you there are stories
like Bassam's all over the world,
like Bassam's all over the world,
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I tvrdim da priče poput Basamove
postoje širom sveta,
postoje širom sveta,
12:12
plus study after study after study
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1961
plus istraživanje za istraživanjem
12:14
that says, no, we are neither designed
nor destined as human beings to hate,
nor destined as human beings to hate,
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5119
koje kaže, ne, niti smo stvoreni niti smo
osuđeni kao ljudska bića na mržnju,
osuđeni kao ljudska bića na mržnju,
12:19
but rather taught to hate
by the world around us.
by the world around us.
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već nas je pre svet oko nas
podučio mržnji.
podučio mržnji.
12:23
I promise you,
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Obećavam vam
12:24
none of us pops out of the womb
hating black people or Republicans.
hating black people or Republicans.
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3494
da niko od nas nije iskočio iz utrobe
mrzeći crnce ili Republikance.
mrzeći crnce ili Republikance.
12:28
There is nothing in our DNA
that makes us hate Muslims or Mexicans.
that makes us hate Muslims or Mexicans.
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Ništa u našoj DNK ne postoji
zbog čega mrzimo muslimane ili Meksikance.
zbog čega mrzimo muslimane ili Meksikance.
12:33
For better or for worse,
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Bilo kako bilo,
12:34
we are all a product
of the culture around us.
of the culture around us.
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3552
svi smo mi proizvod
kulture koja nas okružuje.
kulture koja nas okružuje.
12:39
And the good news is,
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A dobre vesti su:
12:41
we're also the ones
who shape that culture,
who shape that culture,
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2744
mi smo takođe ti koji oblikuju tu kulturu,
12:46
which means we can change it.
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što znači da je možemo promeniti.
12:48
The first step is starting to recognize
the hate inside ourselves.
the hate inside ourselves.
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Prvi korak je da počnemo da prepoznajemo
mržnju u nama samima.
mržnju u nama samima.
12:54
We need to catch ourselves
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Moramo da hvatamo sebe
12:55
and our hateful thoughts
in all their forms
in all their forms
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2482
i naše misli pune mržnje
u svim njihovim oblicima
u svim njihovim oblicima
12:58
in all of us ...
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u svima nama...
13:01
and work to challenge
our ideas and assumptions.
our ideas and assumptions.
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i da težimo izazivanju
naših ideja i pretpostavki.
naših ideja i pretpostavki.
13:03
That doesn't happen overnight,
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To se ne dešava preko noći,
13:05
I am telling you right here,
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1355
to vam ja kažem,
13:06
it is a lifelong journey,
but it's one we all need to take.
but it's one we all need to take.
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radi se o celoživotnom putovanju,
na koje svi moramo da krenemo.
na koje svi moramo da krenemo.
13:10
And then second:
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A potom pod dva:
13:11
if we want to challenge
the hate in our societies,
the hate in our societies,
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ako želimo da se suprotstavimo
mržnji u našim društvima,
mržnji u našim društvima,
13:14
we need to promote policies
and institutions and practices
and institutions and practices
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moramo da promovišemo zakone,
institucije i prakse
institucije i prakse
13:18
that connect us as communities.
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2729
koje nas povezuju kao zajednice.
13:22
Literally, like integrated
neighborhoods and schools.
neighborhoods and schools.
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Bukvalno, poput integrisanih
komšiluka i škola.
komšiluka i škola.
13:25
That by the way is the reason
to support integration.
to support integration.
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To je, usput, razlog
za podršku integraciji.
za podršku integraciji.
13:27
Not just because
it's the right thing to do,
it's the right thing to do,
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2253
Ne samo zato
što je to nešto ispravno,
što je to nešto ispravno,
13:30
but because integration
systematically combats hate.
systematically combats hate.
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798168
3425
već zato što se integracija
sistematski bori sa mržnjom.
sistematski bori sa mržnjom.
13:33
There are studies
that teenagers who participate
that teenagers who participate
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Postoje istraživanja da tinejdžeri
koji učestvuju u rasno integrisanim
koji učestvuju u rasno integrisanim
13:35
in racially integrated classes
and activities reduce their racial bias.
and activities reduce their racial bias.
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učionicama i aktivnostima
imaju manje rasnih predrasuda.
imaju manje rasnih predrasuda.
13:40
And when little kids go to racially
integrated kindergartens
integrated kindergartens
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A kada dečica pohađaju
rasno integrisane vrtiće
rasno integrisane vrtiće
13:43
and elementary schools --
260
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i osnovne škole -
13:45
they develop less bias to begin with.
261
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u startu razvijaju manje predrasuda.
13:48
But the fact is in so many ways
and in so many places around our world,
and in so many places around our world,
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3921
Međutim, činjenica je da na razne načine
i na mnogim mestima širom sveta,
i na mnogim mestima širom sveta,
13:52
we are separated from each other.
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2771
razdvojeni smo jedni od drugih.
13:56
In the United States, for instance,
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U Sjedinjenim Državama, na primer,
13:58
three-quarters of white people
don't have any non-white friends.
don't have any non-white friends.
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4443
tri četvrtine belaca
nemaju nebelačke prijatelje.
nemaju nebelačke prijatelje.
14:04
So in addition to promoting
those proactive solutions,
those proactive solutions,
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Pa, uz promovisanje proaktivnih rešenja,
14:08
the other thing we need to do
is upend the hate in our institutions
is upend the hate in our institutions
267
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3826
druga stvar koju moramo da uradimo je
da okončamo mržnju u našim institucijama
da okončamo mržnju u našim institucijama
14:12
and our policies
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1436
i našim politikama
14:14
that perpetuate dehumanization
and difference
and difference
269
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4739
koje ovekovečuju
dehumanizaciju i različitost
dehumanizaciju i različitost
14:18
and otherizing and hate,
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1928
i tuđinstvo i mržnju,
14:20
like systems of sexual harassment
and sexual assault in the workplace,
and sexual assault in the workplace,
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5739
poput sistema seksualnog uznemiravanja
i seksualnih napada na radnom mestu
i seksualnih napada na radnom mestu
14:26
or our deeply racially imbalanced
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4165
ili naših duboko rasno neuravnoteženih
14:30
and deeply racially biased
criminal "justice" system.
criminal "justice" system.
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i duboko rasno pristrasnih
sistema kriminalne "pravde".
sistema kriminalne "pravde".
14:34
We need to change that.
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Moramo to da promenimo.
14:36
Again, it will not happen overnight.
275
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Opet, neće se desiti preko noći.
14:38
It needs to happen.
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866384
1950
Mora da se desi.
14:41
And then ...
277
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A potom...
14:44
when we connect together
278
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1492
kada se međusobno povežemo
14:46
in these connection spaces,
279
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2722
u ovim prostorima povezivanja,
14:50
facilitated by connection systems,
280
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2801
obezbeđenim sistemima povezivanja,
14:54
we need to change the way
we talk to each other
we talk to each other
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2783
moramo da promenimo način
na koji međusobno razgovaramo
na koji međusobno razgovaramo
14:58
and connect with one another
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1478
i međusobno se povezujemo
15:00
and relate with generosity
and open-mindedness
and open-mindedness
283
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i da se odnosimo sa darežljivošću
i otvorenošću,
i otvorenošću,
15:05
and kindness and compassion
284
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1405
pristojnošću i saosećajnošću,
15:07
and not hate.
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a ne mržnjom.
15:09
And that's it.
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I to je to.
15:11
That's it.
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To je to.
15:12
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
15:16
I have solved it all, right?
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Rešila sam ga skroz, zar ne?
15:18
That's it.
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To je to.
15:20
That is pretty much --
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To je uglavnom -
postoji nekoliko detalja -
15:21
there's a few details --
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15:22
but that's pretty much all we have to do.
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ali to je uglavnom sve
što treba da uradimo.
što treba da uradimo.
15:24
It's not that complicated, right?
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Nije komplikovano, zar ne?
15:27
But it's hard.
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Ali jeste teško.
15:30
The hate that we feel
towards certain groups of people
towards certain groups of people
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Mržnja koju osećamo
prema određenim grupama ljudi
prema određenim grupama ljudi
15:35
because of who they are
or what they believe
or what they believe
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zbog toga ko su ili u šta veruju
15:38
is so ingrained in our minds
and in our society
and in our society
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je toliko usađena u naš um
i u naša društva
i u naša društva
15:42
that it can feel inevitable
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da se može činiti neizbežnom
15:45
and impossible to change.
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i da je nemoguće promeniti.
15:49
Change is possible.
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Promena je moguća.
15:53
Just look at the terrorist
who became a peace activist.
who became a peace activist.
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Samo pogledajte teroristu
koji je postao aktivista za mir.
koji je postao aktivista za mir.
15:59
Or look at the bully who learned
to apologize to her victim.
to apologize to her victim.
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Ili pogledajte nasilnicu koja je naučila
kako da se izvini žrtvi.
kako da se izvini žrtvi.
16:07
The entire time I was traveling
around the Middle East and Rwanda
around the Middle East and Rwanda
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Sve vreme dok sam putovala
širom Srednjeg istoka i Ruande
širom Srednjeg istoka i Ruande
16:12
and across the United States,
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i širom Sjedinjenih Država,
16:13
hearing these unbelievable stories
of people in communities
of people in communities
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slušajući ove neverovatne priče
o ljudima i zajednicama
o ljudima i zajednicama
16:18
who had left entire histories
of hate behind,
of hate behind,
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koji su za sobom ostavili
čitave istorije mržnje,
čitave istorije mržnje,
16:20
I was still looking for Vicky.
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i dalje sam tragala za Viki.
Toliko je teško bilo naći
da sam unajmila privatnog detektiva
da sam unajmila privatnog detektiva
16:23
It was so hard find her that I hired
a private investigator
a private investigator
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16:25
and he found her.
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i on je našao.
16:27
I mean, he sort of found her.
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Mislim, na neki način je našao.
16:29
The truth is, it became clear
that the person I'm calling Vicky
that the person I'm calling Vicky
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Uistinu, postalo je jasno
da je osoba koju nazivam Viki
da je osoba koju nazivam Viki
16:33
had gone to extraordinary lengths
to hide her identity.
to hide her identity.
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učinila nemoguće
da sakrije svoj identitet.
da sakrije svoj identitet.
16:40
But anyway, a year after
I began my journey,
I began my journey,
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Međutim, kako god, godinu
nakon što sam započela putovanje,
nakon što sam započela putovanje,
16:46
I wrote Vicky an apology.
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napisala sam izvinjenje za Viki.
16:50
And a few months later,
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A nekoliko meseci kasnije,
16:52
she wrote back.
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odgovorila je.
16:54
(Sigh)
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(Uzdah)
16:57
I'm not going to lie,
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Neću vas lagati,
16:58
I wanted to be forgiven.
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želela sam da mi oprosti.
17:05
I wasn't.
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Nije.
17:06
(Sigh)
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1150
(Uzdah)
17:07
She offered me sort of
conditional forgiveness.
conditional forgiveness.
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Ponudila mi je neki vid uslovnog oprosta.
17:10
What she wrote was ...
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Napisala je sledeće...
17:13
"Messages such as yours
cannot absolve you of your past actions.
cannot absolve you of your past actions.
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"Poruke slične tvojoj ne mogu
da te oslobode postupaka iz prošlosti.
da te oslobode postupaka iz prošlosti.
17:18
The only way to do that
is to improve the world,
is to improve the world,
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Jedini način da to postigneš
je da unaprediš svet,
je da unaprediš svet,
17:22
prevent others
from behaving in similar ways
from behaving in similar ways
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da sprečiš druge da se slično ponašaju
17:26
and foster compassion."
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1509
i da gajiš saosećajnost."
17:29
And Vicky's right.
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A Viki je u pravu.
17:33
Which is why I'm here.
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Zbog toga sam ovde.
17:35
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
17:36
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sally Kohn - Political punditSally Kohn searches for common ground among political foes by focusing on the compassion and humanity in everyone.
Why you should listen
Sally Kohn has a powerful vision for a more united United States. She's a columnist and a political commentator for CNN, and she is working on a book about hate that will be published in the spring of 2018. As a former contributor to Fox News, this progressive lesbian sparred with some of the most conservative minds on television and has sifted through hundreds of letters of hate mail a day. But she deeply believes in finding our common humanity, political differences aside. Before we can achieve political correctness, we must first establish emotional correctness — and this will ignite conversations that lead to real change.
Kohn has appeared on Fox, MSNBC and CNN and has written for The Daily Beast, Salon, The Atlantic and TIME Magazine.
Sally Kohn | Speaker | TED.com