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Elif Shafak: The revolutionary power of diverse thought
Elif Šafak (Elif Shafak): Revolucionarna moć raznovrsnosti misli
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"Od populističkih demagoga ćemo da naučimo nužnost demokratije", kaže spisateljka Elif Šafak. "Od izolacionista ćemo da naučimo potrebu za globalnom solidarnošću. A od tribalista ćemo da naučimo lepotu kosmopolitizma." Kako potiče iz Turske, Šafak je iz prve ruke iskusila koliko je razoran gubitak raznolikosti - i ona zna revolucionarnu snagu pluralizma kao odgovora na autoritarnost. Ovim strastvenim, ličnim govorom, podseća nas da ne postoji binarnost u politici, osećanjima i našim identitetima. "Niko ne bi trebalo da ćuti zbog straha od složenosti", kaže Šafik.
Elif Shafak - Novelist
Elif Shafak explicitly defies definition -- her writing blends East and West, feminism and tradition, the local and the global, Sufism and rationalism, creating one of today's most unique voices in literature. Full bio
Elif Shafak explicitly defies definition -- her writing blends East and West, feminism and tradition, the local and the global, Sufism and rationalism, creating one of today's most unique voices in literature. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
"Can you taste words?"
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"Možete li da okusite reči?"
00:15
It was a question
that caught me by surprise.
that caught me by surprise.
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To pitanje me je zateklo nespremnu.
00:19
This summer, I was giving a talk
at a literary festival,
at a literary festival,
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Letos sam držala govor
na festivalu književnosti,
na festivalu književnosti,
00:22
and afterwards, as I was signing books,
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i kasnije, dok sam potpisivala knjige,
00:24
a teenage girl came with her friend,
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tinejdžerka mi je prišla sa prijateljicom,
00:27
and this is what she asked me.
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a postavila mi je ovo pitanje.
00:29
I told her that some people
experience an overlap in their senses
experience an overlap in their senses
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Rekla sam joj da neki ljudi
doživljavaju preklapanje svojih čula
doživljavaju preklapanje svojih čula
00:34
so that they could hear colors
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kako bi mogli da čuju boje
00:36
or see sounds,
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ili da vide zvukove,
00:37
and many writers were fascinated
by this subject, myself included.
by this subject, myself included.
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i mnogi pisci su fascinirani
ovom tematikom, uključujući i mene.
ovom tematikom, uključujući i mene.
00:43
But she cut me off, a bit impatiently,
and said, "Yeah, I know all of that.
and said, "Yeah, I know all of that.
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No, ona me je presekla, malo nestrpljivo,
i rekla: "Da, znam sve to.
i rekla: "Da, znam sve to.
00:48
It's called synesthesia.
We learned it at school.
We learned it at school.
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Naziva se sinestezija.
To smo učili u školi.
To smo učili u školi.
00:51
But my mom is reading your book,
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Međutim, moja majka čita vašu knjigu
00:54
and she says there's lots
of food and ingredients
of food and ingredients
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i kaže kako u njoj ima
mnogo hrane i sastojaka
mnogo hrane i sastojaka
00:57
and a long dinner scene in it.
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i da je u njoj opširna scena večere.
00:59
She gets hungry at every page.
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Ona ogladni na svakoj stranici.
01:01
So I was thinking,
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Pa sam razmišljala,
01:03
how come you don't
get hungry when you write?
get hungry when you write?
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kako to da vi ne ogladnite dok pišete?
01:05
And I thought maybe,
maybe you could taste words.
maybe you could taste words.
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I pomislila sam da možda,
možda vi možete da okusite reči.
možda vi možete da okusite reči.
01:09
Does it make sense?"
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Ima li to smisla?"
01:10
And, actually, it did make sense,
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I, zapravo, imalo je smisla
01:13
because ever since my childhood,
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jer još od detinjstva
01:15
each letter in the alphabet
has a different color,
has a different color,
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za mene svako slovo abecede
ima različitu boju,
ima različitu boju,
01:18
and colors bring me flavors.
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a boje mi bude ukuse.
01:21
So for instance, the color purple
is quite pungent, almost perfumed,
is quite pungent, almost perfumed,
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Na primer, ljubičasta boja
je prilično opora, skoro naparfemisana,
je prilično opora, skoro naparfemisana,
01:27
and any words that I associate with purple
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i svaka reč koju povezujem s ljubičastom
01:30
taste the same way,
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ima isti ukus,
01:33
such as "sunset" -- a very spicy word.
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poput "zalaska sunca" -
veoma pikantna sintagma.
veoma pikantna sintagma.
01:37
But I was worried that if I tell
all of this to the teenager,
all of this to the teenager,
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No brinula sam
da ako sve ovo kažem tinejdžerki,
da ako sve ovo kažem tinejdžerki,
01:42
it might sound either too abstract
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zvučaće suviše apstraktno
01:44
or perhaps too weird,
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ili možda suviše čudno,
01:47
and there wasn't enough time anyhow,
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a i onako nije bilo dovoljno vremena
01:48
because people were waiting in the queue,
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jer su ljudi čekali u redu,
01:51
so it suddenly felt like
what I was trying to convey
what I was trying to convey
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pa sam iznenada osetila
kako je ono što pokušavam da sročim
kako je ono što pokušavam da sročim
01:55
was more complicated and detailed
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komplikovanije i detaljnije
01:58
than what the circumstances
allowed me to say.
allowed me to say.
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nego što mi okolnosti
omogućavaju da kažem.
omogućavaju da kažem.
02:03
And I did what I usually do
in similar situations:
in similar situations:
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Uradila sam nešto što obično radim
u sličnim situacijama:
u sličnim situacijama:
02:07
I stammered, I shut down,
and I stopped talking.
and I stopped talking.
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zamucala sam, zatvorila se
i prestala da govorim.
i prestala da govorim.
02:11
I stopped talking because
the truth was complicated,
the truth was complicated,
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Prestala sam da govorim
jer je istina bila komplikovana,
jer je istina bila komplikovana,
02:15
even though I knew, deep within,
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iako sam znala, duboko u sebi,
02:18
that one should never, ever
remain silent for fear of complexity.
remain silent for fear of complexity.
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da niko ne treba da ćuti, ikad,
zbog straha od složenosti.
zbog straha od složenosti.
02:24
So I want to start my talk today
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Te danas želim da započnem moj govor
02:26
with the answer that I was not able
to give on that day.
to give on that day.
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odgovorom koji tog dana
nisam mogla da dam.
nisam mogla da dam.
02:29
Yes, I can taste words --
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Da, mogu da okusim reči -
02:32
sometimes, that is, not always,
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to jest ponekad, ne uvek,
02:34
and happy words have
a different flavor than sad words.
a different flavor than sad words.
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a vesele reči
imaju drugačiji ukus od tužnih.
imaju drugačiji ukus od tužnih.
02:38
I like to explore: What does
the word "creativity" taste like,
the word "creativity" taste like,
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Volim da istražujem: kakav ukus
ima reč "kreativnost"
ima reč "kreativnost"
02:43
or "equality,"
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ili "jednakost",
02:45
"love," "revolution?"
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"ljubav", "revolucija"?
02:47
And what about "motherland?"
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A šta je sa "domovinom"?
02:50
These days, it's particularly
this last word that troubles me.
this last word that troubles me.
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Ovih dana me ova reč naročito muči.
02:54
It leaves a sweet taste on my tongue,
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Ostavlja sladak ukus na mom jeziku,
02:57
like cinnamon, a bit of rose water
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poput cimeta, malo ružine vodice
03:00
and golden apples.
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i zlatnih delišes jabuka.
03:02
But underneath, there's a sharp tang,
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Međutim, ispod počiva oštar ukus,
03:05
like nettles and dandelion.
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poput koprive i maslačka.
03:07
The taste of my motherland, Turkey,
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Ukus moje domovine, Turske,
03:11
is a mixture of sweet and bitter.
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je mešavina slatkog i gorkog.
03:15
And the reason why I'm telling you this
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A razlog zašto vam ovo govorim
03:17
is because I think
there's more and more people
there's more and more people
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je jer smatram da sve više i više ljudi
03:20
all around the world today
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širom današnjeg sveta
03:21
who have similarly mixed emotions
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ima slična pomešana osećanja
03:24
about the lands they come from.
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o zemljama iz kojih potiču.
03:27
We love our native countries, yeah?
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Volimo naše rodne zemlje, da?
03:29
How can we not?
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Kako da ih ne volimo?
03:31
We feel attached to the people,
the culture, the land, the food.
the culture, the land, the food.
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Osećamo povezanost s ljudima,
kulturom, zemljom, hranom.
kulturom, zemljom, hranom.
03:35
And yet at the same time,
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A ipak, istovremeno,
03:36
we feel increasingly frustrated
by its politics and politicians,
by its politics and politicians,
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sve više smo frustrirani
politikom naše zemlje i političarima,
politikom naše zemlje i političarima,
03:42
sometimes to the point
of despair or hurt or anger.
of despair or hurt or anger.
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ponekad do tačke očaja ili bola ili besa.
03:48
I want to talk about emotions
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Želim da govorim o osećanjima
03:50
and the need to boost
our emotional intelligence.
our emotional intelligence.
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i potrebi da pojačamo
našu emotivnu inteligenciju.
našu emotivnu inteligenciju.
03:53
I think it's a pity
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Smatram da je šteta
03:55
that mainstream political theory
pays very little attention to emotions.
pays very little attention to emotions.
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da mejnstrim politička teorija
obraća malo pažnje na osećanja.
obraća malo pažnje na osećanja.
04:01
Oftentimes, analysts and experts
are so busy with data and metrics
are so busy with data and metrics
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Često, analitičari i stručnjaci
su suviše zauzeti podacima i metrikom
su suviše zauzeti podacima i metrikom
04:06
that they seem to forget
those things in life
those things in life
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da se čini kako zaboravljaju
one stvari u životu
one stvari u životu
04:09
that are difficult to measure
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koje je teško meriti
04:11
and perhaps impossible to cluster
under statistical models.
under statistical models.
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i možda nemoguće grupisati
unutar statističkih modela.
unutar statističkih modela.
04:16
But I think this is a mistake,
for two main reasons.
for two main reasons.
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Ali ja to smatram greškom
iz dva glavna razloga.
iz dva glavna razloga.
04:20
Firstly, because we are emotional beings.
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Prvo jer smo osećajna bića.
04:23
As human beings,
I think we all are like that.
I think we all are like that.
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Kao ljudska bića, mislim da smo svi takvi.
04:26
But secondly, and this is new,
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Ali, pod dva, a ovo je novina,
04:29
we have entered
a new stage in world history
a new stage in world history
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ušli smo u novu fazu svetske istorije
04:33
in which collective sentiments
guide and misguide politics
guide and misguide politics
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u kojoj kolektivna osećanja
vode i obmanjuju politiku
vode i obmanjuju politiku
04:39
more than ever before.
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više nego ikad pre.
04:41
And through social media
and social networking,
and social networking,
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A putem društvenih medija
i društvene umreženosti,
i društvene umreženosti,
04:45
these sentiments are further amplified,
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ova osećanja su dodatno naglašena,
04:48
polarized, and they travel
around the world quite fast.
around the world quite fast.
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polarizovana
i putuju svetom prilično brzo.
i putuju svetom prilično brzo.
04:52
Ours is the age of anxiety, anger,
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Naše doba je doba anksioznosti, besa,
04:56
distrust, resentment
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nepoverenja, prezira
04:58
and, I think, lots of fear.
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i, mislim, obilja straha.
05:01
But here's the thing:
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Ali, evo o čemu se radi:
05:02
even though there's plenty of research
about economic factors,
about economic factors,
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iako imamo obilje istraživanja
o ekonomskim faktorima,
o ekonomskim faktorima,
05:07
there's relatively few studies
about emotional factors.
about emotional factors.
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ima relativno malo istraživanja
o emocionalnim faktorima.
o emocionalnim faktorima.
05:12
Why is it that we underestimate
feelings and perceptions?
feelings and perceptions?
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Zašto potcenjujemo osećanja i opažanja?
05:17
I think it's going to be one
of our biggest intellectual challenges,
of our biggest intellectual challenges,
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Mislim da će to da bude jedan od naših
najvećih intelektualnih izazova
najvećih intelektualnih izazova
05:21
because our political systems
are replete with emotions.
are replete with emotions.
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jer su naši politički sistemi
nabijeni emocijama.
nabijeni emocijama.
05:26
In country after country,
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U državi za državom,
05:28
we have seen illiberal politicians
exploiting these emotions.
exploiting these emotions.
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viđali smo netrpeljive političare
kako eksploatišu te emocije.
kako eksploatišu te emocije.
05:33
And yet within the academia
and among the intelligentsia,
and among the intelligentsia,
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Pa, ipak, među akademicima
i među inteligencijom,
i među inteligencijom,
05:37
we are yet to take emotions seriously.
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tek treba da emocije shvatimo ozbiljno.
05:41
I think we should.
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Mislim da bi trebalo.
05:42
And just like we should focus
on economic inequality worldwide,
on economic inequality worldwide,
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I baš kao što bi trebalo da se fokusiramo
na ekonomsku nejednakost širom sveta,
na ekonomsku nejednakost širom sveta,
05:46
we need to pay more attention
to emotional and cognitive gaps worldwide
to emotional and cognitive gaps worldwide
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moramo više pažnje da obraćamo na emotivne
i kognitivne jazove širom sveta
i kognitivne jazove širom sveta
05:53
and how to bridge these gaps,
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i na to kako da premostimo te jazove
05:54
because they do matter.
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jer su oni važni.
05:57
Years ago, when I was still
living in Istanbul,
living in Istanbul,
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Godinama unazad,
dok sam još živela u Istanbulu,
dok sam još živela u Istanbulu,
06:00
an American scholar working on
women writers in the Middle East
women writers in the Middle East
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američka akademkinja koja je izučavala
ženske pisce na Bliskom istoku
ženske pisce na Bliskom istoku
06:04
came to see me.
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je došla da me vidi.
06:06
And at some point
in our exchange, she said,
in our exchange, she said,
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A u jednom trenutku
našeg razgovora, rekla je:
našeg razgovora, rekla je:
06:09
"I understand why you're a feminist,
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"Razumem zašto si feministkinja
06:11
because, you know, you live in Turkey."
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jer, znaš, živiš u Turskoj."
06:14
And I said to her,
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A ja sam joj rekla:
06:15
"I don't understand
why you're not a feminist,
why you're not a feminist,
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"Ne razumem zašto ti nisi feministkinja
06:17
because, you know, you live in America."
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jer, znaš, živiš u Americi."
06:20
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:22
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
06:25
And she laughed.
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A ona se nasmejala.
06:28
She took it as a joke,
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Shvatila je to kao šalu
06:29
and the moment passed.
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i trenutak je prošao.
06:31
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:33
But the way she had divided the world
into two imaginary camps,
into two imaginary camps,
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Ali način na koji je podelila svet
u dva zamišljena tabora,
u dva zamišljena tabora,
06:38
into two opposite camps --
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u dva suprotstavljena tabora -
06:40
it bothered me and it stayed with me.
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smetalo mi je i zapamtila sam to.
06:43
According to this imaginary map,
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Prema ovoj zamišljenoj mapi,
06:45
some parts of the world
were liquid countries.
were liquid countries.
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neki delovi sveta su tečne države.
06:49
They were like choppy waters
not yet settled.
not yet settled.
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One su poput talasastih voda
koje se još nisu smirile.
koje se još nisu smirile.
06:52
Some other parts of the world,
namely the West,
namely the West,
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Neki drugi delovi sveta, pre svega Zapad,
06:55
were solid, safe and stable.
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čvrsti su, bezbedni i stabilni.
06:59
So it was the liquid lands
that needed feminism
that needed feminism
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Pa je tečnim zemljama potreban feminizam
07:02
and activism and human rights,
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i aktivizam i ljudska prava,
07:05
and those of us who were
unfortunate enough
unfortunate enough
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a mi koji nismo imali dovoljno sreće
07:07
to come from such places
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da poteknemo sa sličnih mesta
07:09
had to keep struggling
for these most essential values.
for these most essential values.
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moramo da nastavimo da se borimo
za te suštinske vrednosti.
za te suštinske vrednosti.
07:14
But there was hope.
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Ali tu je bila nada.
07:15
Since history moved forward,
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Kako istorija ide dalje,
07:17
even the most unsteady lands
would someday catch up.
would someday catch up.
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čak će i najnestalnije zemlje
jednog dana da ih sustignu.
jednog dana da ih sustignu.
07:21
And meanwhile, the citizens of solid lands
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A u međuvremenu, građani čvrstih zemalja
07:24
could take comfort
in the progress of history
in the progress of history
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mogu da nađu utehu u istorijskom napretku
07:28
and in the triumph of the liberal order.
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i u trijumfu liberalnog poretka.
07:32
They could support the struggles
of other people elsewhere,
of other people elsewhere,
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Mogu da podržavaju borbe
drugih ljudi drugde,
drugih ljudi drugde,
07:36
but they themselves
did not have to struggle
did not have to struggle
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ali oni sami ne moraju više da se bore
07:39
for the basics of democracy anymore,
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za osnove demokratije
07:42
because they were beyond that stage.
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jer su prevazišli tu fazu.
07:46
I think in the year 2016,
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Mislim da je u 2016. godini
07:49
this hierarchical geography
was shattered to pieces.
was shattered to pieces.
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ovo hijerarhijsko geografsko ustrojstvo
razbijeno na delove.
razbijeno na delove.
07:54
Our world no longer follows
this dualistic pattern
this dualistic pattern
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Naš svet više ne prati
ovaj dualistički obrazac
ovaj dualistički obrazac
07:58
in the scholar's mind, if it ever did.
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u umovima akademika, ako ikad i jeste.
08:02
Now we know that history
does not necessarily move forward.
does not necessarily move forward.
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Sad znamo da istorija nužno ne ide napred.
08:06
Sometimes it draws circles,
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Ponekad pravi krugove,
08:08
even slides backwards,
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čak i klizi unazad,
08:10
and that generations
can make the same mistakes
can make the same mistakes
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a generacije mogu da ponove iste greške
08:13
that their great-grandfathers had made.
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koje su njihove pradede napravile.
08:16
And now we know that there's no such thing
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I sad znamo da ne postoji tako nešto
08:18
as solid countries
versus liquid countries.
versus liquid countries.
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kao što su čvrste države nasuprot tečnim.
08:22
In fact, we are all living
in liquid times,
in liquid times,
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Zapravo, svi mi živimo u tečnom vremenu,
08:27
just like the late Zygmunt Bauman told us.
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baš kao što nam je pokojni
Zigmunt Bauman rekao.
Zigmunt Bauman rekao.
08:30
And Bauman had another
definition for our age.
definition for our age.
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A Bauman je imao još jednu
definiciju našeg vremena.
definiciju našeg vremena.
08:34
He used to say we are all going
to be walking on moving sands.
to be walking on moving sands.
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Imao je običaj da kaže kako ćemo svi
da hodamo po pokretnom pesku.
da hodamo po pokretnom pesku.
08:40
And if that's the case, I think,
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A ako je to tačno, mislim,
08:42
it should concern us women more than men,
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trebalo bi više da brine
nas žene nego muškarce
nas žene nego muškarce
08:45
because when societies
slide backwards into authoritarianism,
slide backwards into authoritarianism,
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jer kad društva skliznu
nazad u autoritarizam,
nazad u autoritarizam,
08:49
nationalism or religious fanaticism,
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nacionalizam ili religijski fanatizam,
08:52
women have much more to lose.
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žene imaju mnogo više da izgube.
08:55
That is why this needs
to be a vital moment,
to be a vital moment,
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Zbog toga bi ovo trebalo
da je ključni momenat,
da je ključni momenat,
08:58
not only for global activism,
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ne samo za globalni aktivizam,
09:00
but in my opinion,
for global sisterhood as well.
for global sisterhood as well.
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već, prema mom mišljenju,
i za globalno sestrinstvo takođe.
i za globalno sestrinstvo takođe.
09:04
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
09:12
But I want to make a little confession
before I go any further.
before I go any further.
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Ali želim sitnicu da vam priznam
pre nego što nastavim dalje.
pre nego što nastavim dalje.
09:16
Until recently, whenever I took part in
an international conference or festival,
an international conference or festival,
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Do nedavno, kad god bih uzela učešće na
međunarodnoj konferenciji ili festivalu,
međunarodnoj konferenciji ili festivalu,
09:21
I would be usually one
of the more depressed speakers.
of the more depressed speakers.
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obično bih bila jedan
od depresivnijih govornika.
od depresivnijih govornika.
09:25
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:26
Having seen how our dreams of democracy
and how our dreams of coexistence
and how our dreams of coexistence
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Svedočeći kako naši snovi o demokratiji
i kako naši snovi o saživotu
i kako naši snovi o saživotu
09:32
were crushed in Turkey,
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bivaju uništeni u Turskoj,
09:34
both gradually but also
with a bewildering speed,
with a bewildering speed,
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ujedno postepeno,
ali i mahnitom brzinom,
ali i mahnitom brzinom,
09:38
over the years I've felt
quite demoralized.
quite demoralized.
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tokom godina sam se osećala
prilično demoralisanom.
prilično demoralisanom.
09:41
And at these festivals there would be
some other gloomy writers,
some other gloomy writers,
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A na ovim festivalima su prisustvovali
i drugi pokunjeni pisci,
i drugi pokunjeni pisci,
09:46
and they would come from places
such as Egypt, Nigeria, Pakistan,
such as Egypt, Nigeria, Pakistan,
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a dolazili su sa mesta,
poput Egipta, Nigerije, Pakistana,
poput Egipta, Nigerije, Pakistana,
09:50
Bangladesh, Philippines,
China, Venezuela, Russia.
China, Venezuela, Russia.
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Bangladeša, Filipina,
Kine, Venecuele, Rusije.
Kine, Venecuele, Rusije.
09:56
And we would smile
at each other in sympathy,
at each other in sympathy,
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I smešili bi se saosećajno jedni drugima,
09:58
this camaraderie of the doomed.
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ova družina prokletih.
10:00
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:03
And you could call us WADWIC:
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A možete da nas zovete MKZDP:
10:05
Worried and Depressed
Writers International Club.
Writers International Club.
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Međunarodni klub zabrinutih
i depresivnih pisaca.
i depresivnih pisaca.
10:09
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
No onda su stvari počele da se menjaju
10:11
But then things began to change,
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10:13
and suddenly our club became more popular,
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i iznenada je naš klub
postajao popularniji,
postajao popularniji,
10:17
and we started to have new members.
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i počeli smo da dobijamo nove članove.
10:19
I remember --
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Sećam se -
10:21
(Laughter)
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1621
(Smeh)
10:23
I remember Greek writers and poets
joined first, came on board.
joined first, came on board.
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sećam se da su se Grčki pisci i pesnici
prvi pridružili, ukrcali su se.
prvi pridružili, ukrcali su se.
10:28
And then writers from Hungary and Poland,
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3757
A potom pisci iz Mađarske i Poljske,
10:32
and then, interestingly, writers
from Austria, the Netherlands, France,
from Austria, the Netherlands, France,
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5472
a potom, zanimljivo, pisci
iz Austrije, Holandije, Francuske,
iz Austrije, Holandije, Francuske,
10:38
and then writers from the UK,
where I live and where I call my home,
where I live and where I call my home,
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4435
a potom pisci iz Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva,
gde sam živim i nazivam to svojim domom,
gde sam živim i nazivam to svojim domom,
10:42
and then writers from the USA.
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a potom pisci iz SAD-a.
10:46
Suddenly, there were more of us
194
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2043
Iznenada nas je bilo više
10:48
feeling worried about
the fate of our nations
the fate of our nations
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2783
koji smo zabrinuti
zbog sudbine naših nacija
zbog sudbine naših nacija
10:51
and the future of the world.
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2262
i budućnosti sveta.
10:53
And maybe there were more of us now
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2506
A možda nas sada ima još više
10:56
feeling like strangers
in our own motherlands.
in our own motherlands.
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3444
koji se osećamo kao stranci
u našim sopstvenim domovinama.
u našim sopstvenim domovinama.
11:00
And then this bizarre thing happened.
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A onda se desilo nešto bizarno.
11:02
Those of us who used to be
very depressed for a long time,
very depressed for a long time,
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Oni među nama koji su nekad bili
već dugo vremena veoma depresivni,
već dugo vremena veoma depresivni,
11:06
we started to feel less depressed,
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počeli smo da se osećamo
manje depresivnim,
manje depresivnim,
11:09
whereas the newcomers,
they were so not used to feeling this way
they were so not used to feeling this way
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dok su nove pridošlice,
toliko nisu bili naviknuti na ovo osećanje
toliko nisu bili naviknuti na ovo osećanje
11:12
that they were now even more depressed.
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2052
da su sad bili još depresivniji.
11:14
(Laughter)
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1095
(Smeh)
11:16
So you could see writers
from Bangladesh or Turkey or Egypt
from Bangladesh or Turkey or Egypt
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664003
4838
Pa ste mogli da vidite pisce
iz Bangladeša ili Turske ili Egipta
iz Bangladeša ili Turske ili Egipta
11:20
trying to console their colleagues
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3430
kako pokušavaju da uteše kolege
11:24
from Brexit Britain
or from post-election USA.
or from post-election USA.
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4459
iz bregzitske Britanije
ili iz postizbornih SAD.
ili iz postizbornih SAD.
11:28
(Laughter)
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1639
(Smeh)
11:31
But joking aside,
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1247
No, šalu na stranu,
11:32
I think our world is full
of unprecedented challenges,
of unprecedented challenges,
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4397
mislim da je naš svet pun
jedinstvenih izazova,
jedinstvenih izazova,
11:36
and this comes with an emotional backlash,
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a njih prate nagle emotivne reakcije
11:39
because in the face of high-speed change,
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jer suočeni sa vrtoglavo brzim promenama,
11:42
many people wish to slow down,
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2067
mnogi ljudi žele da uspore,
11:44
and when there's too much unfamiliarity,
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a kada je previše nepoznanica,
11:46
people long for the familiar.
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2437
ljudi žude za poznatim.
11:49
And when things get too confusing,
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A kad stvari postanu suviše zbunjujuće,
11:51
many people crave simplicity.
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mnogi ljudi čeznu za jednostavnošću.
11:54
This is a very dangerous crossroads,
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2437
Ovo je veoma opasna raskrsnica
11:57
because it's exactly where the demagogue
enters into the picture.
enters into the picture.
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5327
jer tačno tu demagozi ulaze na scenu.
12:03
The demagogue understands
how collective sentiments work
how collective sentiments work
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Demagozi razumeju
kako funkcionišu kolektivna osećanja
kako funkcionišu kolektivna osećanja
12:07
and how he -- it's usually a he --
can benefit from them.
can benefit from them.
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i kako on - obično je on -
može da se okoristi njima.
može da se okoristi njima.
12:11
He tells us that we all
belong in our tribes,
belong in our tribes,
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Kaže nam da svi mi
pripadamo našem plemenu,
pripadamo našem plemenu,
12:15
and he tells us that we will be safer
if we are surrounded by sameness.
if we are surrounded by sameness.
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i kaže nam da ćemo biti bezbedniji,
ako se okružimo jednolikošću.
ako se okružimo jednolikošću.
12:21
Demagogues come in all sizes
and in all shapes.
and in all shapes.
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Demagozi dolaze
u svim veličinama i oblicima.
u svim veličinama i oblicima.
12:24
This could be the eccentric leader
of a marginal political party
of a marginal political party
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4311
To bi mogao da bude ekscentrični vođa
marginalizovane političke partije
marginalizovane političke partije
12:28
somewhere in Europe,
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1336
negde u Evropi
12:29
or an Islamist extremist imam
preaching dogma and hatred,
preaching dogma and hatred,
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5722
ili ekstremno islamistički imam
koji propoveda dogme i mržnju
koji propoveda dogme i mržnju
12:35
or it could be a white supremacist
Nazi-admiring orator somewhere else.
Nazi-admiring orator somewhere else.
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5700
ili bi mogao da bude beli govornik,
supremacista, ljubitelj nacista od drugde.
supremacista, ljubitelj nacista od drugde.
12:41
All these figures, at first glance --
they seem disconnected.
they seem disconnected.
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Sve te pojave, na prvi pogled -
deluju nepovezano.
deluju nepovezano.
12:45
But I think they feed each other,
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Ali mislim da hrane jedni druge
12:47
and they need each other.
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2043
i da su potrebni jedni drugim.
12:50
And all around the world,
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1216
A širom sveta,
12:51
when we look at how demagogues talk
and how they inspire movements,
and how they inspire movements,
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5765
kad vidimo kako demagozi govore
i kako inspirišu pokrete,
i kako inspirišu pokrete,
12:57
I think they have one
unmistakable quality in common:
unmistakable quality in common:
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4330
mislim da imaju jednu
nepogrešivo zajedničku osobinu:
nepogrešivo zajedničku osobinu:
13:02
they strongly, strongly dislike plurality.
235
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4486
snažno, snažno preziru pluralizam.
13:06
They cannot deal with multiplicity.
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2742
Ne mogu da izađu na kraj sa raznovrsnošću.
13:09
Adorno used to say,
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1598
Adorno je govorio:
13:11
"Intolerance of ambiguity is the sign
of an authoritarian personality."
of an authoritarian personality."
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6112
"Netolerancija prema dvosmislenosti
je obeležje autoritarne ličnosti."
je obeležje autoritarne ličnosti."
13:18
But I ask myself:
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1338
Međutim, pitam se:
13:20
What if that same sign,
240
788071
1963
šta ako je baš taj znak,
13:22
that same intolerance of ambiguity --
241
790058
3153
baš ta netolerancija
prema dvosmislenosti -
prema dvosmislenosti -
13:25
what if it's the mark of our times,
of the age we're living in?
of the age we're living in?
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5372
šta ako je to pečat našeg vremena,
vremena u kom živimo?
vremena u kom živimo?
13:30
Because wherever I look,
I see nuances withering away.
I see nuances withering away.
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Jer kuda god da pogledam
vidim kako iznijansiranost iščezava.
vidim kako iznijansiranost iščezava.
13:34
On TV shows, we have
one anti-something speaker
one anti-something speaker
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Na televizijskim emisijama
imamo jednog protivnika nečega
imamo jednog protivnika nečega
13:38
situated against a pro-something speaker.
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3220
suprotstavljenog zagovorniku nečega.
13:41
Yeah? It's good ratings.
246
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1484
Da? Obezbeđuje dobar rejting.
13:43
It's even better
if they shout at each other.
if they shout at each other.
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2748
Čak je i bolje ako viču jedan na drugog.
13:46
Even in academia, where our intellect
is supposed to be nourished,
is supposed to be nourished,
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4551
Čak i među akademicima, gde bi trebalo
da negujemo naš intelekt,
da negujemo naš intelekt,
13:50
you see one atheist scholar
competing with a firmly theist scholar,
competing with a firmly theist scholar,
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6275
vidite ateistu učenjaka kako
se nadgornjava sa verujućim učenjakom,
se nadgornjava sa verujućim učenjakom,
13:56
but it's not a real intellectual exchange,
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ali ne radi se o stvarnoj
intelektualnoj razmeni
intelektualnoj razmeni
13:59
because it's a clash
between two certainties.
between two certainties.
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3440
jer se radi o sukobu između dva ubeđenja.
14:04
I think binary oppositions are everywhere.
252
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4512
Mislim da su binarne
suprotstavljenosti svuda.
suprotstavljenosti svuda.
14:08
So slowly and systematically,
253
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2521
Te polako i sistematično
14:11
we are being denied the right
to be complex.
to be complex.
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4562
nam osporavaju pravo na složenost.
14:16
Istanbul, Berlin, Nice, Paris, Brussels,
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3603
Istanbul, Berlin, Nica, Pariz, Brisel,
14:20
Dhaka, Baghdad, Barcelona:
256
848112
2646
Daka, Bagdad, Barselona:
14:22
we have seen one horrible
terror attack after another.
terror attack after another.
257
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3879
videli smo užasne terorističke
napade jedan za drugim.
napade jedan za drugim.
14:26
And when you express your sorrow,
and when you react against the cruelty,
and when you react against the cruelty,
258
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A kada izrazite tugu
i reagujete protiv okrutnosti,
i reagujete protiv okrutnosti,
14:31
you get all kinds of reactions,
259
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1842
dobijete razne reakcije,
14:32
messages on social media.
260
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2055
poruke na društvenim mrežama.
14:35
But one of them is quite disturbing,
261
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1836
Ali jedna je naročito uznemirujuća,
14:36
only because it's so widespread.
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samo zato što je široko rasprostranjena.
14:39
They say, "Why do you feel sorry for them?
263
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3526
Kažu: "Zašto ih žališ?
14:43
Why do you feel sorry for them?
264
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2180
Zašto ih žališ?
14:45
Why don't you feel sorry
for civilians in Yemen
for civilians in Yemen
265
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2942
Zašto ne žališ civile u Jemenu
14:48
or civilians in Syria?"
266
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2088
ili civile u Siriji?"
14:51
And I think the people
who write such messages
who write such messages
267
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2400
I mislim da ljudi koji pišu slične poruke
14:54
do not understand
268
882397
1456
ne razumeju
14:55
that we can feel sorry for
and stand in solidarity with
and stand in solidarity with
269
883877
5047
da možemo da žalimo i da se solidarišemo
15:00
victims of terrorism and violence
in the Middle East, in Europe,
in the Middle East, in Europe,
270
888948
4621
sa žrtvama terorizma i nasilja
na Bliskom istoku, u Evropi,
na Bliskom istoku, u Evropi,
15:05
in Asia, in America, wherever, everywhere,
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2936
u Aziji, u Americi, bilo gde, svuda,
15:08
equally and simultaneously.
272
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2151
podjednako i istovremeno.
15:11
They don't seem to understand
that we don't have to pick one pain
that we don't have to pick one pain
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3734
Izgleda da ne razumeju
da ne moramo da biramo jedan bol
da ne moramo da biramo jedan bol
15:14
and one place over all others.
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3653
i jedno mesto naspram svih drugih.
15:19
But I think this is what
tribalism does to us.
tribalism does to us.
275
907040
3583
Ali mislim da nam to radi tribalizam.
15:22
It shrinks our minds, for sure,
276
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2309
Skuplja naše umove, zasigurno,
15:24
but it also shrinks our hearts,
277
912980
2122
ali nam takođe skuplja srca
15:27
to such an extent that we become numb
to the suffering of other people.
to the suffering of other people.
278
915126
5802
do te mere da postajemo tupi
na patnje drugih ljudi.
na patnje drugih ljudi.
15:33
And the sad truth is,
we weren't always like this.
we weren't always like this.
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2964
A tužna istina je da nismo oduvek takvi.
15:36
I had a children's book out in Turkey,
280
924688
4012
U Turskoj sam imala dečju knjigu,
15:40
and when the book was published,
I did lots of events.
I did lots of events.
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2975
a kad je knjiga objavljena,
išla sam na mnoge događaje.
išla sam na mnoge događaje.
15:43
I went to many primary schools,
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Išla sam u mnoge osnovne škole,
15:45
which gave me a chance to observe
younger kids in Turkey.
younger kids in Turkey.
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što mi je pružilo priliku
da posmatram mlađu decu u Turskoj.
da posmatram mlađu decu u Turskoj.
15:49
And it was always amazing to see
how much empathy, imagination
how much empathy, imagination
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I uvek mi je bilo divno da gledam
koliko empatije, mašte
koliko empatije, mašte
15:54
and chutzpah they have.
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i drskosti imaju.
15:55
These children are much more inclined
to become global citizens
to become global citizens
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Ova deca su daleko sklonija u tom dobu
da postanu građani sveta
da postanu građani sveta
15:59
than nationalists at that age.
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nego nacionalisti.
16:02
And it's wonderful to see,
when you ask them,
when you ask them,
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I čarobno je videti, kada ih upitate,
16:04
so many of them want
to be poets and writers,
to be poets and writers,
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toliko njih žele da budu pesnici i pisci,
16:07
and girls are just as confident as boys,
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a devojčice su jednako
samopouzdane kao dečaci,
samopouzdane kao dečaci,
16:10
if not even more.
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ako ne i više.
16:12
But then I would go to high schools,
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No, onda bih pošla u srednje škole
16:15
and everything has changed.
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i sve bi se promenilo.
16:16
Now nobody wants to be a writer anymore,
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Sad više niko ne želi da bude pisac,
16:19
now nobody wants to be a novelist anymore,
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sad niko više ne želi da bude romanopisac,
16:21
and girls have become timid,
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a devojke su postale plašljive,
16:24
they are cautious, guarded,
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oprezne su, imaju gard,
16:26
reluctant to speak up in the public space,
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oklevaju da govore glasno na javnom mestu
16:29
because we have taught them --
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jer smo ih naučili -
16:31
the family, the school, the society --
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porodica, škola, društvo -
16:33
we have taught them
to erase their individuality.
to erase their individuality.
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naučili smo ih da izbrišu
svoju individualnost.
svoju individualnost.
16:38
I think East and West,
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Mislim da na Istoku i Zapadu
16:39
we are losing multiplicity,
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gubimo raznovrsnost,
16:41
both within our societies
and within ourselves.
and within ourselves.
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i u našim društvima i u nama samima.
16:46
And coming from Turkey,
I do know that the loss of diversity
I do know that the loss of diversity
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4211
A kako dolazim iz Turske,
znam da je gubitak različitosti
znam da je gubitak različitosti
16:50
is a major, major loss.
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2487
veliki, veliki gubitak.
16:53
Today, my motherland became
the world's biggest jailer
the world's biggest jailer
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Danas je moja domovina postala
najveći svetski tamničar
najveći svetski tamničar
16:56
for journalists,
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za novinare,
16:57
surpassing even China's sad record.
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3789
premašujući čak i tužni rekord Kine.
17:02
And I also believe that what happened
over there in Turkey
over there in Turkey
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I ja takođe smatram
da ono što se desilo tamo u Turskoj,
da ono što se desilo tamo u Turskoj,
17:07
can happen anywhere.
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može da se desi bilo gde.
17:09
It can even happen here.
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Može čak i ovde da se desi.
17:11
So just like solid countries
was an illusion,
was an illusion,
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Pa, baš kao što su čvrste države
bile iluzija,
bile iluzija,
17:15
singular identities is also an illusion,
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4311
jedinstveni identiteti su takođe iluzija
17:20
because we all have
a multiplicity of voices inside.
a multiplicity of voices inside.
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5244
jer svi mi u nama imamo mnoštvo glasova.
17:26
The Iranian, the Persian poet, Hafiz,
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3341
Iranski, persijski pesnik Hafiz
17:29
used to say, "You carry in your soul
every ingredient necessary
every ingredient necessary
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5384
je govorio: "Nosiš u svojoj duši
sve potrebne sastojke
sve potrebne sastojke
17:34
to turn your existence into joy.
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2881
da pretvoriš svoje postojanje u radost.
17:37
All you have to do
is to mix those ingredients."
is to mix those ingredients."
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3255
Sve što je potrebno
je da izmešaš te sastojke."
je da izmešaš te sastojke."
17:41
And I think mix we can.
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1977
I mislim da možemo da mešamo.
17:43
I am an Istanbulite,
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3112
Ja sam Istanbuljanka,
17:46
but I'm also attached to the Balkans,
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2163
ali sam takođe vezana za Balkan,
17:48
the Aegean, the Mediterranean,
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2400
Egejsko more, Mediteran,
17:51
the Middle East, the Levant.
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2300
Bliski istok, Levant.
17:53
I am a European by birth, by choice,
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2771
Evropljanka sam po rođenju, po izboru,
17:56
the values that I uphold.
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2240
po vrednostima koje držim.
17:58
I have become a Londoner over the years.
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Postala sam Londonka tokom godina.
18:01
I would like to think of myself
as a global soul, as a world citizen,
as a global soul, as a world citizen,
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4740
Volela bih da mislim o sebi
kao o globalnoj duši, građanki sveta,
kao o globalnoj duši, građanki sveta,
18:05
a nomad and an itinerant storyteller.
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3995
nomatkinji i lutajućoj pripovedačici.
18:10
I have multiple attachments,
just like all of us do.
just like all of us do.
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3757
Imam višestruke privrženosti,
baš kao i svi vi.
baš kao i svi vi.
18:13
And multiple attachments
mean multiple stories.
mean multiple stories.
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3990
A višestruke privrženosti
znače višestruke priče.
znače višestruke priče.
18:18
As writers, we always
chase stories, of course,
chase stories, of course,
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4709
Kao pisci, uvek jurimo priče, naravno,
18:23
but I think we are also
interested in silences,
interested in silences,
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3094
ali takođe mislim da smo
zainteresovani za tišine,
zainteresovani za tišine,
18:26
the things we cannot talk about,
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2059
za stvari o kojima ne možemo da govorimo,
18:28
political taboos, cultural taboos.
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2973
političke tabue, kulturološke tabue.
18:31
We're also interested in our own silences.
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3247
Takođe smo zainteresovani
za sopstvene tišine.
za sopstvene tišine.
18:35
I have always been very vocal
about and written extensively
about and written extensively
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4091
Oduvek sam bila glasna
i pisala sam naširoko
i pisala sam naširoko
18:39
about minority rights, women's rights,
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3045
o pravima manjina, ženskim pravima,
18:42
LGBT rights.
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LGBT pravima.
18:44
But as I was thinking about this TED Talk,
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Međutim, razmišljajući o ovom TED govoru,
18:47
I realized one thing:
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shvatila sam nešto:
18:49
I have never had the courage
to say in a public space
to say in a public space
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4910
nikad nisam imala hrabrosti
da na javnom mestu kažem
da na javnom mestu kažem
18:54
that I was bisexual myself,
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3203
da sam i sama biseksualka
18:57
because I so feared the slander
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3127
jer sam se toliko plašila klevete
19:00
and the stigma and the ridicule
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2508
i ljage i ismevanja
19:03
and the hatred that was sure to follow.
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2881
i mržnje koja bi zasigurno usledila.
19:06
But of course, one should never,
ever, remain silent
ever, remain silent
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4542
Ali, naravno, nikada, nikada
ne treba da ćutite
ne treba da ćutite
19:11
for fear of complexity.
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zbog straha od složenosti.
19:14
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
19:22
And although I am
no stranger to anxieties,
no stranger to anxieties,
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3303
I iako mi nisu strani nespokoji,
19:25
and although I am talking here
about the power of emotions --
about the power of emotions --
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3746
i iako ovde govorim o snazi osećanja -
19:29
I do know the power of emotions --
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2052
i sama znam snagu osećanja -
19:31
I have discovered over time
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1927
vremenom sam otkrila
19:33
that emotions are not limitless.
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2150
da osećanja nisu neograničena.
19:35
You know? They have a limit.
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1754
Znate? Imaju ograničenja.
19:37
There comes a moment --
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1275
Dođe trenutak -
19:38
it's like a tipping point
or a threshold --
or a threshold --
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2123
nalik prelomnoj tački ili pragu -
19:41
when you get tired of feeling afraid,
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1169025
3123
kada se umorite od osećanja straha,
19:44
when you get tired of feeling anxious.
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1172172
2672
kada se umorite od osećanja nespokoja.
19:46
And I think not only individuals,
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1174868
1895
I mislim da ne samo pojedinci,
19:48
but perhaps nations, too,
have their own tipping points.
have their own tipping points.
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1176787
4551
već možda i nacije
imaju svoje prelomne tačke.
imaju svoje prelomne tačke.
19:53
So even stronger than my emotions
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2728
Pa čak i snažnija od mojih osećanja
19:56
is my awareness
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1901
je moja svest
19:58
that not only gender, not only identity,
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3649
da nije samo rod, nije samo identitet,
20:02
but life itself is fluid.
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2841
već je i sami život tečan.
20:05
They want to divide us into tribes,
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2714
Žele da nas podele u tabore,
20:08
but we are connected across borders.
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2978
ali povezani smo širom granica.
20:11
They preach certainty,
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1678
Propovedaju izvesnost,
20:13
but we know that life has plenty of magic
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3601
ali mi znamo da
u životu ima obilje čarolije
u životu ima obilje čarolije
20:16
and plenty of ambiguity.
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2046
i obilje dvosmislenosti.
20:18
And they like to incite dualities,
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2791
I vole da podstiču dualnost,
20:21
but we are far more nuanced than that.
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3428
ali mi smo daleko iznijansiraniji od toga.
20:25
So what can we do?
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1519
Pa, šta možemo da učinimo?
20:27
I think we need to go back to the basics,
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2318
Mislim da moramo da se vratimo na osnove,
20:29
back to the colors of the alphabet.
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1217445
2748
nazad na boje azbuke.
20:32
The Lebanese poet
Khalil Gibran used to say,
Khalil Gibran used to say,
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3760
Libanski pesnik Halil Džubran je govorio:
20:36
"I learned silence from the talkative
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2793
"Naučio sam ćutnju od brbljivih
20:38
and tolerance from the intolerant
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2440
i toleranciju od netolerantnih
20:41
and kindness from the unkind."
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2846
i ljubaznost od neljubaznih."
20:44
I think it's a great motto for our times.
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2601
Mislim da je to sjajan moto našeg vremena.
20:47
So from populist demagogues, we will learn
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3461
Dakle, od populističkih
demagoga ćemo da naučimo
demagoga ćemo da naučimo
20:50
the indispensability of democracy.
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1238759
2716
nužnost demokratije.
20:53
And from isolationists, we will learn
the need for global solidarity.
the need for global solidarity.
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4734
A od izolacionista ćemo da naučimo
potrebu za globalnom solidarnošću.
potrebu za globalnom solidarnošću.
20:58
And from tribalists, we will learn
the beauty of cosmopolitanism
the beauty of cosmopolitanism
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5481
A od tribalista ćemo da naučimo
lepotu kosmopolitizma
lepotu kosmopolitizma
21:03
and the beauty of diversity.
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2832
i lepotu različitosti.
21:07
As I finish, I want to leave you
with one word, or one taste.
with one word, or one taste.
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5234
Kako završavam, želim da vas ostavim
s jednom rečju ili jednim ukusom.
s jednom rečju ili jednim ukusom.
21:12
The word "yurt" in Turkish
means "motherland."
means "motherland."
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1260661
3685
Reč "yurt" na turskom znači "domovina".
21:16
It means "homeland."
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1264370
1671
Znači "otadžbina".
21:18
But interestingly, the word also means
389
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2279
No, zanimljivo, reč takođe znači
21:20
"a tent used by nomadic tribes."
390
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3269
"šator koji koriste nomadska plemena".
21:24
And I like that combination,
because it makes me think
because it makes me think
391
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3058
I sviđa mi se taj spoj
jer me navodi na razmišljanje
jer me navodi na razmišljanje
21:27
homelands do not need
to be rooted in one place.
to be rooted in one place.
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4076
kako domovine ne moraju
da budu ukorenjene na jednom mestu.
da budu ukorenjene na jednom mestu.
21:31
They can be portable.
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1464
Mogu da budu prenosive.
21:32
We can take them with us everywhere.
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2709
Možemo da ih nosimo svuda sa sobom.
21:35
And I think for writers, for storytellers,
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I mislim da za pisce, za pripovedače,
21:38
at the end of the day,
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kad se sve svede,
21:39
there is one main homeland,
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2425
postoji jedna glavna domovina,
21:42
and it's called "Storyland."
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2322
a ona se naziva "Zemlja priča".
21:45
And the taste of that word
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2300
A ukus te reči
21:47
is the taste of freedom.
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2304
je ukus slobode.
21:49
Thank you.
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1303
Hvala vam.
21:51
(Applause)
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6033
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Elif Shafak - NovelistElif Shafak explicitly defies definition -- her writing blends East and West, feminism and tradition, the local and the global, Sufism and rationalism, creating one of today's most unique voices in literature.
Why you should listen
Elif Shafak is an award-winning novelist and the most widely read female writer in Turkey. She is also a political commentator and an inspirational public speaker.
She writes in both Turkish and English and has published 15 books, 10 of which are novels, including the bestselling The Bastard of Istanbul, The Forty Rules of Love and her most recent, Three Daughters of Eve. Her books have been published in 48 languages. She is published by Penguin in the UK and represented by Curtis Brown globally.
Shafak is a TEDGlobal speaker, a member of Weforum Global Agenda Council on Creative Economy in Davos and a founding member of ECFR (European Council on Foreign Relations). She has been awarded the title of Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres in 2010 by the French government.
She has been featured in and contributes to major newspapers and periodicals around the world, including the Financial Times, The Guardian, the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, Der Spiegel and La Repubblica.
Shafak has an academic background and has taught at various universities in Turkey, UK and USA. She holds a degree in International Relations, a masters degree in gender and women's studies and a PhD in political science. She is known as a women's rights, minority rights and LGBT rights advocate.
Shafak has been longlisted for the Orange Prize, MAN Asian Prize, the Baileys Prize and the IMPAC Dublin Award, and shortlisted for the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize and RSL Ondaatje Prize. She sat on the judging panel for the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize (2013); Sunday Times Short Story Award (2014, 2015), 10th Women of the Future Awards (2015); FT/Oppenheimer Funds Emerging Voices Awards (2015, 2016); Baileys Women’s Prize for Fiction (2016) and Man Booker International Prize (2017).
As a public speaker, Shafak is represented by The London Speaker Bureau and Chartwell Speakers and Penguin Speakers Bureau. She lives in London.
Elif Shafak | Speaker | TED.com