TED Residency
Samy Nour Younes: A short history of trans people's long fight for equality
Semi Nur Junes (Samy Nour Younes): Kratka istorija duge borbe transrodnih ljudi za ravnopravnost
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Transrodni aktivista i član programa TED Residents, Semi Nur Junes, iznosi izuzetnu, viševekovnu istoriju transrodne zajednice, ispunjenu hrabrim pričama, inspirativnim pobedama, i borbom za građanska prava koja besni već duže vreme. „Zamislite kako bi se razgovor promenio ako bismo priznali koliko dugo transrodni ljudi u stvari zahtevaju ravnopravnost,“ kaže on.
Samy Nour Younes - Actor, activist
Samy Nour Younes is a trans actor and activist who highlights the diversity of the trans experience -- not just in their struggles, but also in their triumphs. Full bio
Samy Nour Younes is a trans actor and activist who highlights the diversity of the trans experience -- not just in their struggles, but also in their triumphs. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Why are transgender people
suddenly everywhere?
suddenly everywhere?
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Zašto odjednom svuda ima
transrodnih ljudi?
transrodnih ljudi?
00:15
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:17
As a trans activist,
I get this question a lot.
I get this question a lot.
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Kao transrodni aktivista,
često čujem ovo pitanje.
često čujem ovo pitanje.
Imajte na umu da se manje
od jedan odsto odraslih Amerikanaca
od jedan odsto odraslih Amerikanaca
00:20
Keep in mind, less than one percent
of American adults
of American adults
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00:23
openly identify as trans.
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otvoreno identifikuju kao transrodni.
00:25
According to a recent GLAAD survey,
about 16 percent of non-trans Americans
about 16 percent of non-trans Americans
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Prema nedavnom istraživanju GLAAD-a,
oko 16% Amerikanaca koji nisu transrodni
oko 16% Amerikanaca koji nisu transrodni
tvrdi da poznaju transrodnu osobu
u stvarnom životu.
u stvarnom životu.
00:29
claim to know a trans person in real life.
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00:31
So for the other 84 percent,
this may seem like a new topic.
this may seem like a new topic.
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Dakle, za preostalih 84 posto,
ovo može izgledati kao nova tema.
ovo može izgledati kao nova tema.
00:35
But trans people are not new.
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Ali transrodni ljudi nisu ništa novo.
00:38
Gender variance is older than you think,
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Rodna raznolikost je starija
nego što mislite,
nego što mislite,
00:40
and trans people are part of that legacy.
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i transrodni ljudi su deo tog nasleđa.
00:43
From central Africa to South America
to the Pacific Islands and beyond,
to the Pacific Islands and beyond,
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Od Centralne Afrike i Južne Amerike
do Pacifičkih ostrva i dalje,
do Pacifičkih ostrva i dalje,
00:47
there have been populations
who recognize multiple genders,
who recognize multiple genders,
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bilo je populacija koje priznaju
postojanje više polova,
postojanje više polova,
00:50
and they go way back.
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i to još iz davnina.
00:52
The hijra of India
and Pakistan, for example,
and Pakistan, for example,
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Hidžre u Indiji i Pakistanu se, na primer,
00:54
have been cited as far back
as 2,000 years ago in the Kama Sutra.
as 2,000 years ago in the Kama Sutra.
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pominju još pre 2000 godina u Kama sutri.
00:58
Indigenous American nations
each have their own terms,
each have their own terms,
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Svaka autohtona američka nacija
ima svoje termine,
ima svoje termine,
01:01
but most share
the umbrella term "two-spirit."
the umbrella term "two-spirit."
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ali većina deli obuhvatni izraz
„dvostruki duh“.
„dvostruki duh“.
01:04
They saw gender-variant people
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U rodno drugačijim ljudima su videli
šamane i iscelitelje svoje zajednice,
šamane i iscelitelje svoje zajednice,
01:06
as shamans and healers
in their communities,
in their communities,
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01:08
and it wasn't until
the spread of colonialism
the spread of colonialism
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i tek su sa širenjem kolonijalizma
01:11
that they were taught to think otherwise.
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naučili da misle o tome drugačije.
01:15
Now, in researching trans history,
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Kroz istraživanje transrodne istorije,
01:17
we look for both trans people
and trans practices.
and trans practices.
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ujedno tražimo transrodne ljude
i ponašanja vezana za njih.
i ponašanja vezana za njih.
Uzmimo, recimo, žene
koje su se predstavljale kao muškarci
koje su se predstavljale kao muškarci
01:21
Take, for example, the women
who presented as men
who presented as men
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01:23
so they could fight in the US Civil War.
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da bi mogle da se bore
u Američkom građanskom ratu.
u Američkom građanskom ratu.
01:25
After the war, most resumed
their lives as women,
their lives as women,
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Većina je posle rata
nastavila da živi kao žene,
nastavila da živi kao žene,
01:28
but some, like Albert Cashier,
continued to live as men.
continued to live as men.
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ali su neki, kao što je Albert Kešir,
nastavili kao muškarci.
nastavili kao muškarci.
01:33
Albert was eventually
confined to an asylum
confined to an asylum
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Albert je na kraju bio zatvoren u azil
01:35
and forced to wear a dress
for the rest of his life.
for the rest of his life.
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i nateran da nosi haljinu do kraja života.
01:39
(Sighs)
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(Uzdiše)
01:41
Around 1895, a group
of self-described androgynes
of self-described androgynes
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Oko 1895. godine,
grupa samodeklarisanih androgina
grupa samodeklarisanih androgina
01:44
formed the Cercle Hermaphroditos.
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formirala je „Krug hermafrodita“.
01:46
Their mission was to unite for defense
against the world's bitter persecution.
against the world's bitter persecution.
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Njihova misija je bila da se ujedine
radi odbrane od gorkog progona sveta.
radi odbrane od gorkog progona sveta.
01:51
And in doing that, they became
one of the earliest trans support groups.
one of the earliest trans support groups.
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Time su postali jedna
od najstarijih trans grupa za podršku.
od najstarijih trans grupa za podršku.
01:55
By the '40s and '50s, medical researchers
were starting to study trans medicine,
were starting to study trans medicine,
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Do 40-ih i 50-ih su medicinski istraživači
počeli da izučavaju trans medicinu,
počeli da izučavaju trans medicinu,
ali su im pomagali
njihovi transrodni pacijenti
njihovi transrodni pacijenti
01:58
but they were aided
by their trans patients,
by their trans patients,
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02:01
like Louise Lawrence, a trans woman
who had corresponded extensively
who had corresponded extensively
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kao što je Luiza Lorens, transrodna žena
koja se naširoko dopisivala
koja se naširoko dopisivala
02:04
with people who had been arrested
for public cross-dressing.
for public cross-dressing.
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sa ljudima koji su bili uhapšeni
zbog javnog oblačenja kao suprotan pol.
zbog javnog oblačenja kao suprotan pol.
Upoznala je istraživače seksualnosti
kao što je Alfred Kinsi
kao što je Alfred Kinsi
02:08
She introduced sexual researchers
like Alfred Kinsey
like Alfred Kinsey
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02:11
to a massive trans network.
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sa ogromnom mrežom transrodnih ljudi.
02:14
Other early figures would follow,
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Drugi pioniri će uslediti,
02:15
like Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson
and the famous Christine Jorgensen,
and the famous Christine Jorgensen,
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kao što su Virdžinija Prins,
Rid Erikson i čuvena Kristina Jorgensen
Rid Erikson i čuvena Kristina Jorgensen
02:20
who made headlines with
her very public transition in 1952.
her very public transition in 1952.
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koja je dospela na naslovne strane
svojom vrlo javnom
tranzicijom 1952. godine.
tranzicijom 1952. godine.
02:24
But while white trans suburbanites
were forming their own support networks,
were forming their own support networks,
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Dok su transrodni belci
iz prigradskih mesta
iz prigradskih mesta
formirali svoje mreže podrške,
02:28
many trans people of color
had to carve their own path.
had to carve their own path.
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mnogi transrodni ljudi drugih boja kože
morali su da utabaju svoj put.
morali su da utabaju svoj put.
02:32
Some, like Miss Major Griffin-Gracy,
walked in drag balls.
walked in drag balls.
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Neki, kao Gđica Mejdžor Grifin-Grejsi,
šetali su se na dreg balovima.
šetali su se na dreg balovima.
Drugi su bili tzv. „ulične kraljice“,
02:36
Others were the so-called "street queens,"
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koje je često ganjala policija
zbog njihovog rodnog izražavanja
zbog njihovog rodnog izražavanja
02:38
who were often targeted by police
for their gender expression
for their gender expression
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02:41
and found themselves
on the forefront of seminal events
on the forefront of seminal events
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i koji su se našli
na čelu značajnih događaja
na čelu značajnih događaja
02:44
in the LGBT rights movement.
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u pokretu za prava LGBT.
02:47
This brings us to the riots
at Cooper Do-nuts in 1959,
at Cooper Do-nuts in 1959,
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To nas dovodi do nemira
u kafiću Kuper donats 1959. godine,
u kafiću Kuper donats 1959. godine,
02:50
Compton's Cafeteria in 1966
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Komptonove kafeterije 1966.
02:53
and the famous Stonewall Inn in 1969.
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i čuvenog Stounvola 1969. godine.
02:57
In 1970, Sylvia Rivera
and Marsha P. Johnson,
and Marsha P. Johnson,
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Godine 1970, Silvija Rivera
i Marša P. Džonson,
i Marša P. Džonson,
03:01
two veterans of Stonewall,
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dva veterana Stounvola, osnovale su STAR,
03:03
established STAR: Street Transvestite
Action Revolutionaries.
Action Revolutionaries.
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organizaciju transvestita aktivista
i revolucionara na ulici.
i revolucionara na ulici.
03:08
Trans people continued to fight
for equal treatment under the law,
for equal treatment under the law,
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Trans ljudi su nastavili da se bore
za jednak tretman pred zakonom,
za jednak tretman pred zakonom,
čak i kada su se suočavali
sa većim stopama diskriminacije,
sa većim stopama diskriminacije,
03:11
even as they faced
higher rates of discrimination,
higher rates of discrimination,
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03:14
unemployment, arrests,
and the looming AIDS epidemic.
and the looming AIDS epidemic.
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nezaposlenosti, hapšenja
i epidemije side koja je bila na pomolu.
i epidemije side koja je bila na pomolu.
03:20
For as long as we've been around,
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Otkako znamo za sebe,
03:22
those in power have sought
to disenfranchise trans people
to disenfranchise trans people
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oni na vlasti su nastojali
da oduzmu pravo trans ljudima
da oduzmu pravo trans ljudima
03:25
for daring to live lives that are ours.
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jer smo se usudili da živimo svoj život.
03:28
This motion picture still,
taken in Berlin in 1933,
taken in Berlin in 1933,
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Ovaj snimak, zabeležen u Berlinu 1933,
03:33
is sometimes used in history textbooks
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ponekad se koristi u udžbenicima istorije
03:34
to illustrate how the Nazis burned works
they considered un-German.
they considered un-German.
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da bi se ilustrovalo kako su nacisti
palili dela koja nisu smatrana nemačkim.
palili dela koja nisu smatrana nemačkim.
03:38
But what's rarely mentioned
is that included in this massive pile
is that included in this massive pile
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Ali retko se pominje
da su u toj ogromnoj hrpi obuhvaćena
da su u toj ogromnoj hrpi obuhvaćena
03:42
are works from the Institute
for Sexual Research.
for Sexual Research.
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i dela Instituta
za seksualna istraživanja.
za seksualna istraživanja.
03:45
See, I just recapped
the trans movement in America,
the trans movement in America,
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Vidite, upravo sam sumirao
pokret transrodnih u Americi,
pokret transrodnih u Americi,
03:48
but Magnus Hirschfeld
and his peers in Germany
and his peers in Germany
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ali Magnus Hiršfeld
i njegove kolege u Nemačkoj
i njegove kolege u Nemačkoj
03:50
had us beat by a few decades.
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pretekle su nas za nekoliko decenija.
03:53
Magnus Hirschfeld was
an early advocate for LGBT people.
an early advocate for LGBT people.
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Magnus Hiršfeld je bio
rani zastupnik LGBT ljudi.
rani zastupnik LGBT ljudi.
03:57
He wrote the first book-length account
of trans individuals.
of trans individuals.
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Napisao je prvi prikaz
o trans osobama u obliku knjige.
o trans osobama u obliku knjige.
04:00
He helped them obtain
medical services and IDs.
medical services and IDs.
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Pomagao im je da dobiju
medicinske usluge i lične karte.
medicinske usluge i lične karte.
04:03
He worked with
the Berlin Police Department
the Berlin Police Department
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Radio je sa policijskom upravom u Berlinu
na okončanju diskriminacije LGBT ljudi,
04:05
to end discrimination of LGBT people,
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04:06
and he hired them at the Institute.
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i zapošljavao ih je na Institutu.
Zato, kada je Nacistička partija
spalila njegovu biblioteku,
spalila njegovu biblioteku,
04:08
So when the Nazi Party burned his library,
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04:10
it had devastating implications
for trans research around the world.
for trans research around the world.
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to je imalo razorne posledice
za transrodna istraživanja širom sveta.
za transrodna istraživanja širom sveta.
04:15
This was a deliberate attempt
to erase trans people,
to erase trans people,
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Ovo je bio nameran pokušaj
da se izbrišu transrodni ljudi,
da se izbrišu transrodni ljudi,
04:18
and it was neither the first nor the last.
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a nije bio ni prvi ni poslednji.
04:22
So whenever people ask me
why trans people are suddenly everywhere,
why trans people are suddenly everywhere,
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Tako kad god me ljudi pitaju
zašto su trans ljudi odjednom svuda,
zašto su trans ljudi odjednom svuda,
04:25
I just want to tell them
that we've been here.
that we've been here.
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samo hoću da im kažem
da smo uvek bili tu.
da smo uvek bili tu.
Ove priče moraju biti ispričane,
04:27
These stories have to be told,
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04:29
along with the countless others
that have been buried by time.
that have been buried by time.
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zajedno sa bezbroj drugih
koje su vremenom zakopane.
koje su vremenom zakopane.
04:31
Not only were our lives not celebrated,
but our struggles have been forgotten
but our struggles have been forgotten
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Ne samo da naši životi nisu slavljeni,
već su naše borbe zaboravljene
već su naše borbe zaboravljene
i da, zbog toga nekim ljudima
transrodna pitanja deluju novo.
transrodna pitanja deluju novo.
04:35
and, yeah, to some people,
that makes trans issues seem new.
that makes trans issues seem new.
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04:38
Today, I meet a lot of people
who think that our movement
who think that our movement
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Danas upoznajem mnogo ljudi
koji misle da je naš pokret
koji misle da je naš pokret
samo faza koja će proći,
04:41
is just a phase that will pass,
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ali takođe čujem dobronamerne saveznike
koji nam govore da budemo strpljivi,
koji nam govore da budemo strpljivi,
04:43
but I also hear well-intentioned allies
telling us all to be patient,
telling us all to be patient,
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04:47
because our movement is "still new."
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jer je naš pokret „još uvek nov“.
04:50
Imagine how the conversation would shift
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Zamislite kako bi se razgovor promenio
04:52
if we acknowledge just how long
trans people have been demanding equality.
trans people have been demanding equality.
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ako priznamo koliko dugo transrodni ljudi
u stvari zahtevaju ravnopravnost.
u stvari zahtevaju ravnopravnost.
04:57
Are we still overreacting?
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Da li i dalje preterujemo?
05:00
Should we continue to wait?
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Treba li da nastavimo da čekamo?
05:02
Or should we, for example,
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Ili bi trebalo da, na primer,
preduzmemo nešto u vezi sa obojenim
transrodnim ženama koje su ubijene
transrodnim ženama koje su ubijene
05:04
do something about the trans women
of color who are murdered
of color who are murdered
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05:07
and whose killers never see justice?
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i čije ubice nikada neće videti pravdu?
05:10
Do our circumstances seem dire to you yet?
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Da li vam se sada
naše okolnosti čine strašnim?
naše okolnosti čine strašnim?
05:12
(Sighs)
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(Uzdiše)
05:14
Finally, I want other trans people
to realize they're not alone.
to realize they're not alone.
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Konačno, želim da drugi transrodni ljudi
shvate da nisu sami.
shvate da nisu sami.
05:19
I grew up thinking my identity
was an anomaly that would die with me.
was an anomaly that would die with me.
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Odrastao sam misleći da je moj identitet
anomalija koja će umreti sa mnom.
anomalija koja će umreti sa mnom.
05:23
People drilled this idea
of otherness into my mind,
of otherness into my mind,
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Ljudi su mi ubacili u glavu
tu ideju različitosti
tu ideju različitosti
05:26
and I bought it because I didn't know
anyone else like me.
anyone else like me.
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i ja sam to usvojio
jer nisam znao nikog sličnog sebi.
jer nisam znao nikog sličnog sebi.
05:30
Maybe if I had known my ancestors sooner,
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Možda mi, da sam ranije znao
za svoje pretke,
za svoje pretke,
05:32
it wouldn't have taken me so long
to find a source of pride
to find a source of pride
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ne bi trebalo toliko vremena
da nađem izvor ponosa
da nađem izvor ponosa
05:35
in my identity and in my community.
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u svom identitetu i svojoj zajednici.
05:39
Because I belong to an amazing,
vibrant community of people
vibrant community of people
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Jer pripadam neverovatnoj,
živoj zajednici ljudi
živoj zajednici ljudi
koji se međusobno uzdižu
čak i kada to ne dobijaju od drugih,
čak i kada to ne dobijaju od drugih,
05:42
that uplift each other
even when others won't,
even when others won't,
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05:45
that take care of each other
even when we are struggling,
even when we are struggling,
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koji se brinu jedni o drugima
čak i kada se muče,
čak i kada se muče,
05:48
that somehow, despite it all,
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koji nekako, uprkos svemu,
05:50
still find cause to celebrate each other,
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i dalje nalaze razlog
da slave jedni druge,
da slave jedni druge,
05:53
to love each other,
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da vole jedni druge,
05:55
to look one another in the eyes and say,
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da pogledaju jedni druge u oči i kažu:
05:58
"You are not alone.
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„Nisi sam.
06:01
You have us.
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Imaš nas.
06:03
And we're not going anywhere."
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I ne idemo nigde.“
06:05
Thank you.
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Hvala.
06:07
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Samy Nour Younes - Actor, activistSamy Nour Younes is a trans actor and activist who highlights the diversity of the trans experience -- not just in their struggles, but also in their triumphs.
Why you should listen
Samy Nour Younes's most recent credits include Into the Woods (Ford's Theater), The Triumphant and Pay No Attention to the Girl (Target Margin Theater), and Well Intentioned White People (Barrington Stage). He can also be seen on season four of Transparent.
As an activist, Nour Younes served on the leadership teams of the DC Area Transmasculine Society and the Baltimore Transgender Alliance. He has coorganized rallies for Pride, Transgender Day of Remembrance and more. He also leads panels on the barriers trans people face in accessing health care and has participated in national ad campaigns to promote awareness of LGBTQ+ issues.
Nour Younes was the cohost of insighT with Consuella Lopez, a DC-based online talk show with an all-trans panel. He aims to highlight the diversity of the trans experience -- not just in their struggles, but also in their triumphs. As of 2019, he has written one ten-minute play, Ancestral Lines and Other Tall Tales, which will be published in the upcoming Latinx Archive. He is currently developing two new works, including a solo show, both of which he aims to premiere in 2019.
Samy Nour Younes | Speaker | TED.com