TED2019
Elizabeth Dunn: Helping others makes us happier -- but it matters how we do it
伊丽莎白•邓恩: 帮助别人让我们更幸福——但也取决于如何做
Filmed:
Readability: 4.2
3,134,334 views
研究表明，帮助别人使我们更快乐。但社会心理学家伊丽莎白·邓恩(Elizabeth Dunn)在她有关慷慨与快乐的开创性研究中发现，问题关键在于：我们如何提供帮助很重要。如果我们能在帮助他人的方式上做出一个关键的转变，那么我们就能学习如何产生更大的影响，并在此过程中提升自己的幸福感。邓恩说:“让我们停止把给予仅仅看作是一种道德义务，而开始把它看作是快乐的源泉。”
Elizabeth Dunn - Happiness researcher
Elizabeth Dunn discovers ways that people can optimize their use of time, money and technology in order to maximize their own happiness. Full bio
Elizabeth Dunn discovers ways that people can optimize their use of time, money and technology in order to maximize their own happiness. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So, I have a pretty fun job,
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我的工作很有趣，
内容是搞清——什么让人快乐。
00:15
which is to figure out
what makes people happy.
what makes people happy.
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00:19
It's so fun, it might almost seen
a little frivolous,
a little frivolous,
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它是如此有趣，以至看起来没啥用，
尤其是当我们面临
00:24
especially at a time where
we're being confronted
we're being confronted
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一些非常令人沮丧的头条新闻时。
00:26
with some pretty depressing headlines.
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00:30
But it turns out that studying happiness
might provide a key
might provide a key
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但结果发现研究幸福可能是
解决我们面临的这些难题的钥匙。
00:34
to solving some of the toughest
problems we're facing.
problems we're facing.
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00:39
It's taken me almost a decade
to figure this out.
to figure this out.
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我花了快10年时间才明白这点。
00:43
Pretty early on in my career,
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在我职业的早期阶段，
我和我的合作者在《科学》上
发表了一篇论文，
发表了一篇论文，
00:45
I published a paper in "Science"
with my collaborators,
with my collaborators,
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题为“为他人花钱能带来幸福。”
00:48
entitled, "Spending Money
on Others Promotes Happiness."
on Others Promotes Happiness."
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00:52
I was very confident in this conclusion,
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我对这个结论非常有信心，
除了一点：
00:55
except for one thing:
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它在我身上好像不起作用。
00:57
it didn't seem to apply to me.
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（笑声）
01:00
(Laughter)
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我几乎不给慈善组织捐钱，
01:01
I hardly ever gave money to charity,
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就算当我捐款了，
01:04
and when I did,
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我也没感受到预期的充实。
01:05
I didn't feel that warm glow
I was expecting.
I was expecting.
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01:08
So I started to wonder if maybe
there was something wrong with my research
there was something wrong with my research
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于是我开始怀疑
是不是我的研究存在问题
是不是我的研究存在问题
或者我本人有什么问题。
01:14
or something wrong with me.
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01:19
My own lackluster emotional response
to giving was especially puzzling
to giving was especially puzzling
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我自己在给予他人之后感觉很平淡，
这让我很困惑，
这让我很困惑，
因为我后续的研究发现，
即便是蹒跚学步的孩子
即便是蹒跚学步的孩子
01:25
because my follow-up studies revealed
that even toddlers exhibited joy
that even toddlers exhibited joy
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也能在给予中感到快乐。
01:30
from giving to others.
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01:32
In one experiment, my colleagues
Kiley Hamlin, Lara Aknin and I
Kiley Hamlin, Lara Aknin and I
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在一个实验中，我和我的同事
基利·哈姆林、劳拉·阿克宁
基利·哈姆林、劳拉·阿克宁
把不到2岁的孩子带到实验室。
01:36
brought kids just under
the age of two into the lab.
the age of two into the lab.
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正像你们想的那样，
01:40
Now, as you might imagine,
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我们必须用一些小孩特别喜欢的玩意，
01:41
we had to work with a resource
that toddlers really care about,
that toddlers really care about,
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所以我们使用了儿童非常喜欢的食物，
01:45
so we used the toddler equivalent of gold,
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也就是金鱼饼干。
01:49
namely, Goldfish crackers.
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（笑声）
01:51
(Laughter)
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我们给孩子们发了一笔
“金鱼横财”，
“金鱼横财”，
01:53
We gave kids this windfall
of Goldfish for themselves
of Goldfish for themselves
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并给他们一个机会
把他们的一部分金鱼送给
把他们的一部分金鱼送给
01:56
and a chance to give
some of their Goldfish away
some of their Goldfish away
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一个叫猴子的木偶。
01:59
to a puppet named Monkey.
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02:02
(Video) Researcher: I found
even more treats,
even more treats,
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（视频）研究员：
我发现了更多的糖果，
我发现了更多的糖果，
我要把它们都给你。
02:04
and I'm going to give them all to you.
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孩子：噢，谢谢你！
02:06
Toddler: Ooh. Thank you.
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02:10
Researcher: But, you know,
I don't see any more treats.
I don't see any more treats.
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研究员：你知道嘛，
除了你没人有糖果了哦。
除了你没人有糖果了哦。
你愿意给猴子一个吗？
02:13
Will you give one to Monkey?
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02:16
Toddler: Yeah.
Researcher: Yeah?
Researcher: Yeah?
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孩子：我愿意。
研究员：确定吗？
研究员：确定吗？
02:18
Toddler: Yeah.
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孩子：嗯啊。
02:24
Here.
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给你。
研究员：哇~真好吃~嗯~
02:26
Researcher: Ooh, yummy. Mmmm.
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02:30
Toddler: All gone, he ate it.
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孩子：都没了，他吃光了。
02:34
Elizabeth Dunn: Now, we trained
research assistants to watch these videos
research assistants to watch these videos
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伊丽莎白·邓恩：
接着，我们培训研究助理观看这些视频
接着，我们培训研究助理观看这些视频
并记录儿童的情感反应。
02:37
and code toddlers' emotional reactions.
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当然，我们并没有告诉他我们的假设。
02:40
Of course, we didn't tell them
our hypotheses.
our hypotheses.
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02:43
The data revealed that toddlers
were pretty happy
were pretty happy
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数据显示
这些蹒跚学步的孩子
这些蹒跚学步的孩子
在得到金鱼饼干时非常高兴，
02:46
when they got this pile
of Goldfish for themselves,
of Goldfish for themselves,
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但当他们把一些金鱼饼干
02:49
but they were actually even happier
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分享给别人时，他们更高兴。
02:50
when they got to give
some of their Goldfish away.
some of their Goldfish away.
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02:54
And this warm glow of giving
persists into adulthood.
persists into adulthood.
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这种给予的热情会持续到成年。
当我们分析来自全球20万成年人的
02:58
When we analyzed surveys
from more than 200,000 adults
from more than 200,000 adults
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03:03
across the globe,
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问卷答案时，
我们看到近1/3的全球人口表示
03:04
we saw that nearly a third
of the world's population
of the world's population
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至少在过去一个月有向慈善组织捐赠。
03:07
reported giving at least some money
to charity in the past month.
to charity in the past month.
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03:12
Remarkably, in every
major region of the world,
major region of the world,
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值得注意的是，
在全球每一个主要地区都是如此：
在全球每一个主要地区都是如此：
那些向慈善组织捐赠的人
要比那些不捐赠的人更快乐，
要比那些不捐赠的人更快乐，
03:16
people who gave money to charity
were happier than those who did not,
were happier than those who did not,
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即便考虑进了他们个人的经济情况。
03:21
even after taking into account
their own personal financial situation.
their own personal financial situation.
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03:25
And this correlation wasn't trivial.
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这种相关性并非微不足道。
03:28
It looked like giving to charity
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根据数据，给慈善机构捐款
对幸福感的影响，相当于
03:31
made about the same
difference for happiness
difference for happiness
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你的收入增加了一倍。
03:33
as having twice as much income.
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03:37
Now, as a researcher,
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作为一个研究员，
如果你足够幸运，偶尔发现
03:39
if you're lucky enough
to stumble on an effect
to stumble on an effect
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这种在全球各地的儿童和
成人身上都能复制的效应，
成人身上都能复制的效应，
03:42
that replicates around the world
in children and adults alike,
in children and adults alike,
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你会开始好奇：
03:46
you start to wonder:
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这是人类本质的一部分吗？
03:48
Could this be part of human nature?
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03:51
We know that pleasure
reinforces adaptive behaviors
reinforces adaptive behaviors
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我们知道快乐能增强适应性行为，
诸如吃饭和性爱
03:56
like eating and sex
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有助于物种延续，
03:58
that help perpetuate our species,
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看起来给予可能也属于这类行为。
04:01
and it looked to me like giving
might be one of those behaviors.
might be one of those behaviors.
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04:06
I was really excited about these ideas,
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我对这些想法非常激动，
还在《纽约时报》写了想法。
04:09
and I wrote about them
in the "New York Times."
in the "New York Times."
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04:12
One of the people who read this article
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其中一个看到这个文章的人
是我的会计。
04:14
was my accountant.
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（笑声）
04:16
(Laughter)
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没错。
04:19
Yeah.
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报税时，我坐在他对面，
04:20
At tax time, I found myself
seated across from him,
seated across from him,
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看着他对着我的纳税申报单
04:24
watching as he slowly tapped his pen
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慈善捐赠栏的地方慢慢地敲打着笔，
04:27
on the charitable giving line
of my tax return
of my tax return
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带着一种
04:30
with this look of, like,
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毫不掩饰的反对表情。
04:32
poorly concealed disapproval.
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（笑声）
04:34
(Laughter)
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尽管我的工作很多都是在揭示
给予的感觉是多么棒，
给予的感觉是多么棒，
04:36
Despite building my career
by showing how great giving can feel,
by showing how great giving can feel,
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我其实很少这么去做。
04:41
I actually wasn't doing very much of it.
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所以我决定付出更多。
04:45
So I resolved to give more.
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04:48
Around that time,
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那段时间，
关于叙利亚难民危机的毁灭性报道
04:50
devastating stories about
the Syrian refugee crisis
the Syrian refugee crisis
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无处不在。
04:54
were everywhere.
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04:56
I really wanted to help,
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我真的很想给予帮助，
于是我掏出我的信用卡。
04:58
so I pulled out my credit card.
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我知道我的捐赠或许可以让
某地方的某个人改变人生，
某地方的某个人改变人生，
05:01
I knew my donations would probably
make a difference for someone somewhere,
make a difference for someone somewhere,
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然而打开一个慈善机构的网站，
05:06
but going to the website
of an effective charity
of an effective charity
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输入我的信用卡信息
05:09
and entering my Visa number
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仍然感觉做得不够。
05:11
still just didn't feel like enough.
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05:15
That's when I learned
about the Group of Five.
about the Group of Five.
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就在那时，我了解到了“五人小组”。
05:19
The Canadian government
allows any five Canadians
allows any five Canadians
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加拿大政府允许任意五名加拿大人
联合起来资助一个难民家庭。
05:23
to privately sponsor a family of refugees.
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05:27
You have to raise enough money
to support the family
to support the family
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你需要募集足够的钱来支持难民们
初到加拿大第一年的费用，
05:29
for their first year in Canada,
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然后他们就坐飞机到你们城市。
05:31
and then they literally
get on a plane to your city.
get on a plane to your city.
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05:36
One of the things that I think
is so cool about this program
is so cool about this program
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我觉得这个项目很酷的一个原因是
没有人可以单独行动。
05:40
is that no one is allowed to do it alone.
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我们没有选择“五人小组”，
05:42
And instead of a Group of Five,
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而是最终与一个社区组织合作，
05:45
we ended up partnering
with a community organization
with a community organization
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组成了一个25人的小组。
05:47
and forming a group of 25.
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05:51
After almost two years
of paperwork and waiting,
of paperwork and waiting,
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在将近2年的手续办理和等待后，
我们得知我们资助的家庭
将在不到六周的时间内
将在不到六周的时间内
05:55
we learned that our family
would be arriving in Vancouver
would be arriving in Vancouver
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到达温哥华。
05:58
in less than six weeks.
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06:00
They had four sons and a daughter,
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他们有4个男孩和1个女孩，
所以我们赶紧给他们找地方住。
06:03
so we raced to find them a place to live.
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06:06
We were very lucky to find them a house,
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我们很幸运给他们找到了房子，
但需要花大量的时间来布置。
06:09
but it needed quite a bit of work.
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所以我的朋友们在晚上和周末
06:11
So my friends came out
on evenings and weekends
on evenings and weekends
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来粉刷、清洁和组装家具。
06:13
and painted and cleaned
and assembled furniture.
and assembled furniture.
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06:17
When the big day came,
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当那一天终于到来时，
我们在他们的冰箱里装满了
牛奶和新鲜水果，
牛奶和新鲜水果，
06:19
we filled their fridge
with milk and fresh fruit
with milk and fresh fruit
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然后去机场迎接他们。
06:22
and headed to the airport
to meet our family.
to meet our family.
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这种场面让每个人都感觉有点紧张，
06:26
It was a little overwhelming for everyone,
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尤其是那个四岁的小家伙。
06:30
especially the four-year-old.
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06:32
His mother was reunited with her sister
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他的母亲和她的妹妹终于团聚了，
她的妹妹早些时候也通过
同样的项目来到加拿大。
同样的项目来到加拿大。
06:35
who had come to Canada earlier
through the same program.
through the same program.
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06:39
They hadn't seen each other in 15 years.
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她们已经有15年没见过彼此了。
06:43
When you hear that more than
5.6 million refugees have fled Syria,
5.6 million refugees have fled Syria,
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当你听说有560多万
难民逃离叙利亚时，
难民逃离叙利亚时，
你所面临的惨状
06:50
you're faced with this tragedy
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已经超过了大脑所能够理解的范围。
06:52
that the human brain hasn't really
evolved to comprehend.
evolved to comprehend.
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它是如此抽象。
06:57
It's so abstract.
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07:00
Before, if any of us had been asked
to donate 15 hours a month
to donate 15 hours a month
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以前，如果有人被要求
每月捐出15个小时
每月捐出15个小时
来帮助解决难民危机，
07:03
to help out with the refugee crisis,
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我们很可能会拒绝。
07:06
we probably would have said no.
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07:09
But as soon as we took our family
to their new home in Vancouver,
to their new home in Vancouver,
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但是当我们带我们资助的家庭
去温哥华的新家时，
去温哥华的新家时，
我们都有同样的认识：
07:13
we all had the same realization:
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我们只想尽一切可能让他们开心。
07:15
we were just going to do whatever it took
to help them be happy.
to help them be happy.
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07:19
This experience made me think
a little more deeply about my research.
a little more deeply about my research.
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这个经历让我对我的研究
思考得更深了一层。
思考得更深了一层。
07:25
Back in my lab,
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回到我的实验室，
当人们与他们所帮助的人
产生真正的联系，
产生真正的联系，
07:27
we'd seen the benefits of giving spike
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07:30
when people felt a real sense
of connection with those they were helping
of connection with those they were helping
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以及可以很容易地想象到
这一切能给受助人的
这一切能给受助人的
生活带来的改变时，
07:34
and could easily envision
the difference they were making
the difference they were making
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我们看到了给予帮助的好处。
07:36
in those individuals' lives.
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07:39
For example, in one experiment,
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举个例子，在一个实验中，
我们为参与者提供一个捐钱
07:41
we gave participants an opportunity
to donate a bit of money
to donate a bit of money
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给联合国儿童基金会或
Spread the Net的机会。
Spread the Net的机会。
07:44
to either UNICEF or Spread the Net.
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我们有意选择了这些慈善机构，
07:46
We chose these charities intentionally,
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因为他们是合作伙伴，
有着促进儿童健康的
有着促进儿童健康的
07:49
because they were partners and shared
the same critically important goal
the same critically important goal
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同样至关重要的目标。
07:52
of promoting children's health.
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07:55
But I think UNICEF is just
such a big, broad charity
such a big, broad charity
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但我认为联合国儿童基金会
是一个大而广的慈善机构，
是一个大而广的慈善机构，
人们会很难想象
08:00
that it can be a little hard to envision
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你的小小捐赠会产生什么作用。
08:02
how your own small donation
will make a difference.
will make a difference.
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08:06
In contrast, Spread the Net
offers donors a concrete promise:
offers donors a concrete promise:
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相比之下，Spread the Net
给了捐赠者一个具体承诺：
给了捐赠者一个具体承诺：
每捐赠10美元，
08:11
for every 10 dollars donated,
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他们会提供一个蚊帐来保护
儿童免受疟疾的侵害。
儿童免受疟疾的侵害。
08:12
they provide one bed net
to protect a child from malaria.
to protect a child from malaria.
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08:17
We saw that the more money
people gave to Spread the Net,
people gave to Spread the Net,
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我们看到给Spread the Net
捐赠越多钱的人，
捐赠越多钱的人，
他们事后报告的快乐也更多。
08:20
the happier they reported
feeling afterward.
feeling afterward.
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08:24
In contrast, this emotional
return on investment
return on investment
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相比之下，当人们把钱
捐给联合国儿童基金会时，
捐给联合国儿童基金会时，
这种情感上的投资回报就完全消失了。
08:28
was completely eliminated
when people gave money to UNICEF.
when people gave money to UNICEF.
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08:33
So this suggests that just
giving money to a worthwhile charity
giving money to a worthwhile charity
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所以这就意味着把钱捐给
一个有价值的慈善机构
一个有价值的慈善机构
并不足够。
08:38
isn't always enough.
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08:39
You need to be able to envision
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你必须得能够想象，
确切地说，你的钱将如何发挥作用。
08:42
how, exactly, your dollars
are going to make a difference.
are going to make a difference.
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08:46
Of course, the Group of Five program
takes this idea to a whole new level.
takes this idea to a whole new level.
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当然，“五人小组”的项目把这个
想法带到一个全新的高度。
想法带到一个全新的高度。
08:51
When we first took on this project,
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我们刚开始这个项目时，
我们会讨论难民何时到达。
08:53
we would talk about when
the refugees would arrive.
the refugees would arrive.
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08:57
Now, we just refer to them as our family.
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现在，我们把他们称作我们的家人。
最近，我们带孩子们去滑冰，
09:00
Recently, we took the kids ice skating,
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那天晚些时候，
我六岁的儿子奥利弗问我，
我六岁的儿子奥利弗问我，
09:03
and later that day,
my six-year-old, Oliver, asked me,
my six-year-old, Oliver, asked me,
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“妈妈，谁是我们家最大的孩子?”
09:07
"Mommy, who is the oldest
kid in our family?"
kid in our family?"
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09:10
I assumed he was talking
about his plethora of cousins,
about his plethora of cousins,
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我猜想他指的是他那
一大堆堂兄弟姐妹，
一大堆堂兄弟姐妹，
他谈的是他们，
09:14
and he was talking about them,
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但也包括我们的叙利亚家人。
09:16
but also about our Syrian family.
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09:19
Since our family arrived,
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自从我们的家人抵达后，
很多的个人和组织提供了帮助，
09:21
so many people and organizations
have offered to help,
have offered to help,
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从提供免费的口腔牙龈保护
09:25
providing everything
from free dental fillings
from free dental fillings
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到夏令营的一些东西。
09:29
to summer camps.
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09:32
It's made me see the goodness
that exists in our community.
that exists in our community.
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它让我看到了存在我们社区的善良。
09:36
Thanks to one donation,
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多一份捐赠，
让孩子能够参加单车夏令营，
09:38
the kids got to go to bike camp,
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每天都能去，
09:41
and every day of the week,
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我们组的一些成员都
在那里为他们加油。
在那里为他们加油。
09:42
some member of our group
tried to be there to cheer for them.
tried to be there to cheer for them.
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09:46
I happened to be there
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我碰巧在
辅助轮（辅助学习骑车）
应该被取下的那天到那，
应该被取下的那天到那，
09:47
the day the training wheels
were supposed to come off,
were supposed to come off,
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我不得不说，这个四岁的孩子
觉得这不是好主意。
觉得这不是好主意。
09:50
and let me tell you, the four-year-old
did not think this was a good idea.
did not think this was a good idea.
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09:55
So I went over and talked to him
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所以我过去告诉他
关于不使用辅助轮的长期好处。
09:57
about the long-term benefits
of riding without training wheels.
of riding without training wheels.
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（笑声）
10:01
(Laughter)
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然后我想起他才四岁，
几乎不会说英语。
几乎不会说英语。
10:03
Then I remembered that he was four
and barely spoke English.
and barely spoke English.
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于是我回到了他肯定知道的单词：
10:07
So I reverted to two words
he definitely knew:
he definitely knew:
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冰淇淋。
10:11
ice cream.
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10:13
You try without training wheels,
I'll buy you ice cream.
I'll buy you ice cream.
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你试试不带训练轮，我给你买冰淇淋。
这是接下来发生的事情。
10:17
Here's what happened next.
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10:19
(Video) ED: Yes. Yeah!
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（视频）伊丽莎白：是的，对！
孩子：我试试。
10:22
Kid: I'm gonna try.
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伊丽莎白：老天，看你骑得多好！
10:23
ED: Oh my God! Look at you go!
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(尖叫)看你骑得多好！
完全不需要辅助轮了！
完全不需要辅助轮了！
10:25
(Squealing) Look at you go!
You're doing it all by yourself!
You're doing it all by yourself!
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（观众）（笑声）
10:28
(Audience) (Laughter)
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（视频）伊丽莎白：好样的！
10:29
(Video) ED: Good job!
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10:32
(Audience) (Laughter)
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（观众）（笑声）
（鼓掌）
10:33
(Applause)
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伊丽莎白：享受这种帮助行为
是人类进化而来的能力，
是人类进化而来的能力，
10:38
ED: So this is the kind of helping
that human beings evolved to enjoy,
that human beings evolved to enjoy,
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但是40年来，
10:44
but for 40 years,
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加拿大是全球唯一一个
10:46
Canada was the only country in the world
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允许公民个人赞助难民的国家。
10:48
that allowed private citizens
to sponsor refugees.
to sponsor refugees.
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10:52
Now -- Canada!
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2184
如今——加拿大万岁！
（鼓掌）
10:54
(Applause)
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好极了。
10:56
It's pretty great.
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1316
10:59
Now Australia and the UK
are starting up similar programs.
are starting up similar programs.
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现在澳大利亚和英国
也开始了类似的项目。
也开始了类似的项目。
11:03
Just imagine how different
the refugee crisis could look
the refugee crisis could look
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试想一下，如果更多的国家
能够做到这一点，
能够做到这一点，
难民危机将会变得多么不同。
11:07
if more countries made this possible.
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11:10
Creating these kinds of meaningful
connections between individuals
connections between individuals
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在个人之间建立这种有意义的联系
提供了来应对那些让人难以承受的
11:14
provides an opportunity
to deal with challenges
to deal with challenges
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挑战的机遇。
11:17
that feel overwhelming.
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11:20
One of those challenges lies just blocks
from where I'm standing right now,
from where I'm standing right now,
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4929
其中一个挑战就在离我现在所站的
地方几个街区远的地方，
地方几个街区远的地方，
在温哥华市中心的东侧。
11:25
in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver.
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从某些方面来看，
它是加拿大最穷的城市地区。
它是加拿大最穷的城市地区。
11:28
By some measures, it's the poorest
urban postal code in Canada.
urban postal code in Canada.
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11:32
We actually debated whether
to bring over a family of refugees,
to bring over a family of refugees,
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3085
我们实际上在讨论是否要
把一个难民家庭带来，
把一个难民家庭带来，
因为这里已经有很多人在挣扎。
11:35
because there are so many people
right here already struggling.
right here already struggling.
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我的朋友埃文告诉我在他小的时候，
11:39
My friend Evan told me
that when he was a kid
that when he was a kid
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他的父母开车穿过这个街区，
11:42
and his parents drove
through this neighborhood,
through this neighborhood,
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他会在后座上蹲下身子。
11:44
he would duck down in the back seat.
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2517
11:48
But Evan's parents
never would have guessed
never would have guessed
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2537
但埃文的父母绝不会猜到
当他长大后，
11:50
that when he grew up,
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他会打开当地这家餐厅的门
11:52
he would open up the doors
of a local restaurant
of a local restaurant
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邀请这个社区来享受三道菜的晚餐。
11:55
and invite this community inside
to enjoy three-course dinners.
to enjoy three-course dinners.
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11:59
The program that Evan helped build
is called "Plenty of Plates,"
is called "Plenty of Plates,"
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埃文帮助建立的这个项目
叫做“很多的盘子”，
叫做“很多的盘子”，
但其目标不仅是提供免费午餐，
12:03
and the goal is not just
to provide free meals
to provide free meals
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而是在那些从来不会
彼此有眼神接触的
彼此有眼神接触的
12:06
but to create moments of connection
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人中创造连接的机会。
12:08
between people who otherwise
might never make eye contact.
might never make eye contact.
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12:12
Each night, a local business
sponsors the dinner
sponsors the dinner
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每个晚上都有一家本地企业赞助晚餐，
并派出一队志愿者
12:15
and sends a team of volunteers
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帮助制作和递送晚餐。
12:17
who help make and serve the meal.
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12:19
Afterward, the leftovers get distributed
to people who are out on the street,
to people who are out on the street,
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4886
之后，剩饭剩菜会分发给街上的人们，
重要的是，还剩下了足够的钱
12:24
and importantly, there's enough money left
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在接下来的日子里为这个社区提供
12:26
to provide a thousand free lunches
for this community
for this community
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一千份免费午餐。
12:29
in the days that follow.
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12:31
But the benefits of this program
extend beyond food.
extend beyond food.
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但这个项目的益处超出食物本身。
12:35
For the volunteers, it provides
an opportunity to engage with people,
an opportunity to engage with people,
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对于志愿者，它提供了
一个与人互动的机会，
一个与人互动的机会，
坐下来听听他们的故事。
12:40
to sit down and hear their stories.
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12:43
After this experience,
one volunteer changed his commute
one volunteer changed his commute
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4153
在这次经历后，一个志愿者
改变了他的通勤路线，
改变了他的通勤路线，
这样就不会避开这个邻区，
12:47
so that instead of avoiding
this neighborhood,
this neighborhood,
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而是让他能够穿过去，
12:50
he walks through it,
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1502
当他经过熟悉的面孔时，
他们会对彼此微笑或通过眼神交流。
他们会对彼此微笑或通过眼神交流。
12:52
smiling or making eye contact
as he passes familiar faces.
as he passes familiar faces.
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12:57
All of us are capable
of finding joy in giving.
of finding joy in giving.
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我们都能在给予中找到快乐。
13:01
But we shouldn't expect this
to happen automatically.
to happen automatically.
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但我们不能预期它会自动发生。
13:05
Spending money helping others
doesn't necessarily promote happiness.
doesn't necessarily promote happiness.
242
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把钱花在别人身上未必带来幸福感，
关键在于我们如何做。
13:09
Instead, it matters how we do it.
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13:13
And if we want people to give more,
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如果我们想让人们给予更多，
就需要颠覆我们对慈善捐赠的看法。
13:15
we need to subvert the way we think
about charitable giving.
about charitable giving.
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我们需要创造机会，
13:20
We need to create opportunities to give
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2535
13:22
that enable us to appreciate
our shared humanity.
our shared humanity.
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使我们能够欣赏我们共同的人性。
13:26
If any of you work for a charity,
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2436
如果你们有谁在慈善组织工作，
不要用笔或日历奖励你的捐赠者。
13:29
don't reward your donors
with pens or calendars.
with pens or calendars.
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13:33
(Applause)
250
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3819
（鼓掌）
奖励他们看到
13:37
Reward them with the opportunity
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他们的慷慨产生的特别作用，
13:39
to see the specific impact
that their generosity is having
that their generosity is having
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还有提供他们与帮助的个人
和群体之间连接的机会。
和群体之间连接的机会。
13:43
and to connect with the individuals
and communities they're helping.
and communities they're helping.
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13:49
We're used to thinking about giving
as something we should do.
as something we should do.
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4937
我们习惯于认为给予是
我们应该做的事情。
我们应该做的事情。
的确是这样的。
13:54
And it is.
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13:56
But in thinking about it this way,
256
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2558
但这样想，
我们就会错过人类最好的一面：
13:59
we're missing out on one of
the best parts of being human:
the best parts of being human:
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4759
我们已经进化到在助人中体会快乐。
14:03
that we have evolved to find joy
in helping others.
in helping others.
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14:09
Let's stop thinking about giving
as just this moral obligation
as just this moral obligation
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5246
让我们停止把给予
仅仅看作是一种道德义务，
仅仅看作是一种道德义务，
开始把它视作快乐的源泉吧。
14:14
and start thinking of it
as a source of pleasure.
as a source of pleasure.
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14:18
Thank you.
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谢谢。
（鼓掌）
14:20
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Elizabeth Dunn - Happiness researcherElizabeth Dunn discovers ways that people can optimize their use of time, money and technology in order to maximize their own happiness.
Why you should listen
When Elizabeth Dunn got her first job, she wondered what to do with the money that was suddenly appearing in her bank account. So she teamed up with her friend Mike Norton (at Harvard) to figure out how people could use money to buy the most happiness. She and Norton wrote a book called Happy Money, which presents five research-based principles designed to help individuals and organizations use their money in happier ways. It was selected by the Washington Post as one of the "top 20 books every leader should read."
Recently, her work has focused on how people navigate trade-offs between time and money, and how mobile technology can both support and undermine human happiness. Dunn is an avid skier and surfer, and she survived a shark attack.
Elizabeth Dunn | Speaker | TED.com