TED2019
Elizabeth Dunn: Helping others makes us happier -- but it matters how we do it
伊麗莎白．鄧恩: 助人為快樂之本——但也要看幫助的方式
Filmed:
Readability: 4.2
3,134,334 views
研究顯示，幫助別人讓我們更快樂。但是，在她對慷慨和喜悅的開創性研究中，社會心理學家伊麗莎白．鄧恩發現有一個玄機：關鍵在於我們幫助的方式。了解我們如何在幫助他人方面做一個關鍵的轉變，可以發揮更大的影響力，並在其過程中提升自己的幸福感。鄧恩說：「我們不要再把助人僅僅視為道德義務，而是要開始將它看作快樂的源泉。」
Elizabeth Dunn - Happiness researcher
Elizabeth Dunn discovers ways that people can optimize their use of time, money and technology in order to maximize their own happiness. Full bio
Elizabeth Dunn discovers ways that people can optimize their use of time, money and technology in order to maximize their own happiness. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So, I have a pretty fun job,
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我有個相當好玩的工作，
00:15
which is to figure out
what makes people happy.
what makes people happy.
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就是要找出讓人快樂的原因。
00:19
It's so fun, it might almost seen
a little frivolous,
a little frivolous,
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這件事有趣到
幾乎看起來有點不太正經，
幾乎看起來有點不太正經，
00:24
especially at a time where
we're being confronted
we're being confronted
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尤其是在我們面臨
00:26
with some pretty depressing headlines.
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令人沮喪的頭條新聞的時候。
00:30
But it turns out that studying happiness
might provide a key
might provide a key
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然而對快樂的研究，
可能會提供解決棘手問題的關鍵。
00:34
to solving some of the toughest
problems we're facing.
problems we're facing.
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00:39
It's taken me almost a decade
to figure this out.
to figure this out.
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我花了近十年才搞清楚。
00:43
Pretty early on in my career,
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在我職業生涯的初期，
00:45
I published a paper in "Science"
with my collaborators,
with my collaborators,
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我和研究夥伴在《科學雜誌》發表
00:48
entitled, "Spending Money
on Others Promotes Happiness."
on Others Promotes Happiness."
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題為《為別人花錢讓你更快樂》一文。
00:52
I was very confident in this conclusion,
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我對這個結論非常有信心，
00:55
except for one thing:
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但有個例外：
00:57
it didn't seem to apply to me.
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它似乎不適用於我。
01:00
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:01
I hardly ever gave money to charity,
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我很少捐錢給慈善機構，
01:04
and when I did,
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當我捐的時候，
01:05
I didn't feel that warm glow
I was expecting.
I was expecting.
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卻沒有我所期待的心頭暖暖的感覺。
01:08
So I started to wonder if maybe
there was something wrong with my research
there was something wrong with my research
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於是我開始懷疑是否
我的研究有什麼問題，
我的研究有什麼問題，
01:14
or something wrong with me.
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或者我有什麼問題。
01:19
My own lackluster emotional response
to giving was especially puzzling
to giving was especially puzzling
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我對助人的無感特別令人費解，
01:25
because my follow-up studies revealed
that even toddlers exhibited joy
that even toddlers exhibited joy
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因為我接下來的研究顯示，
即使是幼兒助人也會展露出喜悅。
01:30
from giving to others.
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01:32
In one experiment, my colleagues
Kiley Hamlin, Lara Aknin and I
Kiley Hamlin, Lara Aknin and I
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在一項實驗中，
我和兩位同事凱莉、拉拉
我和兩位同事凱莉、拉拉
01:36
brought kids just under
the age of two into the lab.
the age of two into the lab.
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實驗的對象是快兩歲的孩童。
01:40
Now, as you might imagine,
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正如你所想，
01:41
we had to work with a resource
that toddlers really care about,
that toddlers really care about,
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我們必須用那個年齡的幼兒
真正關心的東西來做實驗，
真正關心的東西來做實驗，
01:45
so we used the toddler equivalent of gold,
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所以我們採用對幼兒相當於黃金的
01:49
namely, Goldfish crackers.
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金魚餅乾。
01:51
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:53
We gave kids this windfall
of Goldfish for themselves
of Goldfish for themselves
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我們發給小孩這筆
金魚餅乾的意外之財，
金魚餅乾的意外之財，
01:56
and a chance to give
some of their Goldfish away
some of their Goldfish away
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並讓他們有機會和一隻
名為「猴子」的木偶分享。
01:59
to a puppet named Monkey.
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02:02
(Video) Researcher: I found
even more treats,
even more treats,
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（影片）研究員：我找到了更多好吃的，
02:04
and I'm going to give them all to you.
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全都給你。
02:06
Toddler: Ooh. Thank you.
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幼兒：哦。謝謝。
02:10
Researcher: But, you know,
I don't see any more treats.
I don't see any more treats.
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研究員：但是，好吃的都沒了。
02:13
Will you give one to Monkey?
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你能不能給猴子一個？
02:16
Toddler: Yeah.
Researcher: Yeah?
Researcher: Yeah?
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幼兒：好。
研究員：好嗎？
研究員：好嗎？
02:18
Toddler: Yeah.
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幼兒：好。
02:24
Here.
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這裡。
02:26
Researcher: Ooh, yummy. Mmmm.
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研究員：哦，好吃。嗯。
02:30
Toddler: All gone, he ate it.
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幼兒：都沒了，他吃掉了。
02:34
Elizabeth Dunn: Now, we trained
research assistants to watch these videos
research assistants to watch these videos
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伊麗莎白．鄧恩（ED）：
我們訓練研究助理來觀看這些影片，
我們訓練研究助理來觀看這些影片，
02:37
and code toddlers' emotional reactions.
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並解讀幼兒的情緒反應。
02:40
Of course, we didn't tell them
our hypotheses.
our hypotheses.
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當然，我們沒有
告訴他們我們的假設。
告訴他們我們的假設。
02:43
The data revealed that toddlers
were pretty happy
were pretty happy
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這些數據表明，當幼兒
得到這堆金魚餅乾，他們非常高興，
02:46
when they got this pile
of Goldfish for themselves,
of Goldfish for themselves,
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02:49
but they were actually even happier
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但在給掉一些金魚餅乾之後，
02:50
when they got to give
some of their Goldfish away.
some of their Goldfish away.
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他們實際上更快樂。
02:54
And this warm glow of giving
persists into adulthood.
persists into adulthood.
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而且這個給予的溫暖感受
會持續到成年之後。
會持續到成年之後。
02:58
When we analyzed surveys
from more than 200,000 adults
from more than 200,000 adults
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當我們分析針對全球
20 多萬名成年人所做的調查，
03:03
across the globe,
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我們看到世界上有將近三分之一的人
03:04
we saw that nearly a third
of the world's population
of the world's population
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在過去一個月內曾捐錢給慈善機構。
03:07
reported giving at least some money
to charity in the past month.
to charity in the past month.
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03:12
Remarkably, in every
major region of the world,
major region of the world,
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值得注意的是，在世界各主要地區，
03:16
people who gave money to charity
were happier than those who did not,
were happier than those who did not,
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即使將個人財務狀況考慮進去，
有捐錢給慈善機構的人
比沒捐的人快樂。
比沒捐的人快樂。
03:21
even after taking into account
their own personal financial situation.
their own personal financial situation.
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03:25
And this correlation wasn't trivial.
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而且這種相關性很強。
03:28
It looked like giving to charity
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看來捐錢給慈善機構
03:31
made about the same
difference for happiness
difference for happiness
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帶來的快樂，
相當於收入加倍時帶來的快樂。
03:33
as having twice as much income.
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03:37
Now, as a researcher,
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現在，作為一個研究人員，
03:39
if you're lucky enough
to stumble on an effect
to stumble on an effect
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如果你碰到這個效應
03:42
that replicates around the world
in children and adults alike,
in children and adults alike,
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是放諸四海、大人小孩皆準，
03:46
you start to wonder:
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你就會想：
03:48
Could this be part of human nature?
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難道這是人的本性？
03:51
We know that pleasure
reinforces adaptive behaviors
reinforces adaptive behaviors
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我們知道，快樂會強化
有助於適應的行為，
有助於適應的行為，
03:56
like eating and sex
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像是食與色
03:58
that help perpetuate our species,
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有助於延續我們的物種，
04:01
and it looked to me like giving
might be one of those behaviors.
might be one of those behaviors.
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在我看來施捨也許
也是那些行為之一。
也是那些行為之一。
04:06
I was really excited about these ideas,
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這想法很讓我雀躍，
04:09
and I wrote about them
in the "New York Times."
in the "New York Times."
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於是我投稿給《紐約時報》。
04:12
One of the people who read this article
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看過這篇文章的人，
04:14
was my accountant.
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包括我的會計師。
04:16
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
是啊。
04:19
Yeah.
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04:20
At tax time, I found myself
seated across from him,
seated across from him,
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在報稅時，我坐在他面前，
看他拿著筆慢慢地點著
04:24
watching as he slowly tapped his pen
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04:27
on the charitable giving line
of my tax return
of my tax return
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我稅表上慈善捐贈那一欄，
04:30
with this look of, like,
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臉上掛著像是
04:32
poorly concealed disapproval.
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藏不住的不滿意。
04:34
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:36
Despite building my career
by showing how great giving can feel,
by showing how great giving can feel,
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儘管我的事業是建立於研究
施捨能讓你感覺多好之上，
施捨能讓你感覺多好之上，
04:41
I actually wasn't doing very much of it.
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我自己其實沒怎麼捐獻。
04:45
So I resolved to give more.
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所以，我下定決心要多給一些。
04:48
Around that time,
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在那段時間，
04:50
devastating stories about
the Syrian refugee crisis
the Syrian refugee crisis
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關於敘利亞難民危機的悲慘故事
04:54
were everywhere.
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到處都是。
04:56
I really wanted to help,
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我真的想幫助，
04:58
so I pulled out my credit card.
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於是我拿出我的信用卡。
05:01
I knew my donations would probably
make a difference for someone somewhere,
make a difference for someone somewhere,
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我知道我的捐款可能會
幫到某地方的某個人，
幫到某地方的某個人，
05:06
but going to the website
of an effective charity
of an effective charity
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但光是上了一家好的慈善機構的網站
05:09
and entering my Visa number
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去輸入我的信用卡號，
05:11
still just didn't feel like enough.
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我總覺得還是不夠。
05:15
That's when I learned
about the Group of Five.
about the Group of Five.
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這時候，我聽說了「五人組」。
05:19
The Canadian government
allows any five Canadians
allows any five Canadians
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加拿大政府允許任何五個加拿大人
05:23
to privately sponsor a family of refugees.
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以私人力量資助一個難民家庭。
05:27
You have to raise enough money
to support the family
to support the family
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你必須籌集足夠資金來支持那個家庭
05:29
for their first year in Canada,
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在加拿大第一年的生活，
05:31
and then they literally
get on a plane to your city.
get on a plane to your city.
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然後他們便可以上飛機
飛到你住的城市。
飛到你住的城市。
05:36
One of the things that I think
is so cool about this program
is so cool about this program
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我覺得他們的做法中最酷的一點
05:40
is that no one is allowed to do it alone.
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是不允許有人去單獨去承擔。
05:42
And instead of a Group of Five,
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結果我們最後不是五人組，
05:45
we ended up partnering
with a community organization
with a community organization
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而是和一個社區組織合作
05:47
and forming a group of 25.
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組成了一個 25 人組。
05:51
After almost two years
of paperwork and waiting,
of paperwork and waiting,
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經過近兩年的手續和等待，
05:55
we learned that our family
would be arriving in Vancouver
would be arriving in Vancouver
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我們接到通知：我們的家庭
不到六個星期之後將抵達溫哥華。
05:58
in less than six weeks.
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06:00
They had four sons and a daughter,
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他們有四個兒子和一個女兒，
06:03
so we raced to find them a place to live.
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於是我們快馬加鞭去為他們找住所。
06:06
We were very lucky to find them a house,
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很幸運我們幫他們找到一棟房子，
06:09
but it needed quite a bit of work.
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但要整修不少地方。
06:11
So my friends came out
on evenings and weekends
on evenings and weekends
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所以，我的朋友在晚上和週末出來
06:13
and painted and cleaned
and assembled furniture.
and assembled furniture.
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幫忙油漆、清洗和組裝家具。
06:17
When the big day came,
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當那一天到來，
06:19
we filled their fridge
with milk and fresh fruit
with milk and fresh fruit
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我們在冰箱裝滿牛奶和新鮮水果，
06:22
and headed to the airport
to meet our family.
to meet our family.
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然後去機場迎接我們的家庭。
06:26
It was a little overwhelming for everyone,
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那場面讓每個人都有點難以承受，
06:30
especially the four-year-old.
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尤其是那四歲的兒子。
06:32
His mother was reunited with her sister
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他的母親得以與她的妹妹團聚，
06:35
who had come to Canada earlier
through the same program.
through the same program.
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而她妹妹也是早些時候透過
相同的程序來到加拿大。
相同的程序來到加拿大。
06:39
They hadn't seen each other in 15 years.
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他們已經 15 年沒見面。
06:43
When you hear that more than
5.6 million refugees have fled Syria,
5.6 million refugees have fled Syria,
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當你聽到有超過 560 萬
難民逃離敘利亞，
難民逃離敘利亞，
06:50
you're faced with this tragedy
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你面對這樣的悲劇
06:52
that the human brain hasn't really
evolved to comprehend.
evolved to comprehend.
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而人類大腦並沒有
真正進化到能理解。
真正進化到能理解。
06:57
It's so abstract.
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它是如此地抽象。
07:00
Before, if any of us had been asked
to donate 15 hours a month
to donate 15 hours a month
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在這之前，如果要我們之中的
任何一人每個月奉獻 15 小時
任何一人每個月奉獻 15 小時
07:03
to help out with the refugee crisis,
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去幫助難民危機，
07:06
we probably would have said no.
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我們可能會拒絕。
07:09
But as soon as we took our family
to their new home in Vancouver,
to their new home in Vancouver,
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但帶了我們的家庭到
他們溫哥華的新家之後，
他們溫哥華的新家之後，
07:13
we all had the same realization:
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我們都有了一致的認知：
07:15
we were just going to do whatever it took
to help them be happy.
to help them be happy.
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我們將要盡一切可能，
幫助他們快樂。
幫助他們快樂。
07:19
This experience made me think
a little more deeply about my research.
a little more deeply about my research.
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這一經歷使我更深入地
思考我的研究。
思考我的研究。
07:25
Back in my lab,
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在我的實驗室，
07:27
we'd seen the benefits of giving spike
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我們會看到給予的好處上揚，
07:30
when people felt a real sense
of connection with those they were helping
of connection with those they were helping
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只要人們覺得與受他們幫助的
人之間建立了真的聯繫，
人之間建立了真的聯繫，
07:34
and could easily envision
the difference they were making
the difference they were making
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並可以輕易想像他們真的
在這些人的生活中幫上了忙。
07:36
in those individuals' lives.
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07:39
For example, in one experiment,
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例如，在一個實驗中，
07:41
we gave participants an opportunity
to donate a bit of money
to donate a bit of money
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我們給參與者有機會捐一點錢
07:44
to either UNICEF or Spread the Net.
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給「聯合國兒童基金會」
或「廣發蚊帳」兩者之一。
或「廣發蚊帳」兩者之一。
07:46
We chose these charities intentionally,
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我們故意選擇這兩個慈善機構，
07:49
because they were partners and shared
the same critically important goal
the same critically important goal
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因為他們是合作夥伴，
有著相同的重要目標，
有著相同的重要目標，
07:52
of promoting children's health.
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就是促進兒童健康。
07:55
But I think UNICEF is just
such a big, broad charity
such a big, broad charity
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但我認為，「聯合國兒童基金會」
是個大而廣泛的慈善事業，
是個大而廣泛的慈善事業，
08:00
that it can be a little hard to envision
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會讓你難以想像
08:02
how your own small donation
will make a difference.
will make a difference.
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自己的小小捐贈能有多大作為。
08:06
In contrast, Spread the Net
offers donors a concrete promise:
offers donors a concrete promise:
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相比之下，「廣發蚊帳」
給了捐助者具體的承諾：
給了捐助者具體的承諾：
08:11
for every 10 dollars donated,
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每捐贈 10 元，
08:12
they provide one bed net
to protect a child from malaria.
to protect a child from malaria.
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他們就提供一頂蚊帳
來保護兒童遠離瘧疾。
來保護兒童遠離瘧疾。
08:17
We saw that the more money
people gave to Spread the Net,
people gave to Spread the Net,
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我們看到他們捐給
「廣發蚊帳」更多錢，
「廣發蚊帳」更多錢，
08:20
the happier they reported
feeling afterward.
feeling afterward.
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就自覺更快樂。
08:24
In contrast, this emotional
return on investment
return on investment
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相形之下，當人們捐錢給
「聯合國兒童基金會」，
「聯合國兒童基金會」，
08:28
was completely eliminated
when people gave money to UNICEF.
when people gave money to UNICEF.
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便感受不到這種情感回報。
08:33
So this suggests that just
giving money to a worthwhile charity
giving money to a worthwhile charity
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這表明，僅僅捐錢給好的慈善機構
08:38
isn't always enough.
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並不一定夠。
08:39
You need to be able to envision
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你需要能夠預見
08:42
how, exactly, your dollars
are going to make a difference.
are going to make a difference.
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你的錢會如何發揮功效。
08:46
Of course, the Group of Five program
takes this idea to a whole new level.
takes this idea to a whole new level.
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當然，「五人組」又將這想法
帶上一個全新的高度。
帶上一個全新的高度。
08:51
When we first took on this project,
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當我們開始做這個計畫，
我們會談論「難民們」何時將到達。
08:53
we would talk about when
the refugees would arrive.
the refugees would arrive.
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08:57
Now, we just refer to them as our family.
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現在，我們只稱他們為
「我們的家庭」。
「我們的家庭」。
09:00
Recently, we took the kids ice skating,
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近日，我們帶著孩子們溜冰，
09:03
and later that day,
my six-year-old, Oliver, asked me,
my six-year-old, Oliver, asked me,
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而當天晚些時候，
我六歲的兒子奧利弗問我，
我六歲的兒子奧利弗問我，
09:07
"Mommy, who is the oldest
kid in our family?"
kid in our family?"
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「媽媽，誰是我們家最大的孩子？」
09:10
I assumed he was talking
about his plethora of cousins,
about his plethora of cousins,
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他的堂表兄弟姊妹眾多，
09:14
and he was talking about them,
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我以為他問的就是他們，
09:16
but also about our Syrian family.
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而他也包括了我們的敘利亞家庭。
09:19
Since our family arrived,
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在我們的家庭來了之後，
09:21
so many people and organizations
have offered to help,
have offered to help,
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有好多人和組織提供幫助，
09:25
providing everything
from free dental fillings
from free dental fillings
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免費提供一切，從補牙
09:29
to summer camps.
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到夏令營。
09:32
It's made me see the goodness
that exists in our community.
that exists in our community.
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這件事讓我看到了我們社區中的良善。
09:36
Thanks to one donation,
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多虧了一個捐助，
09:38
the kids got to go to bike camp,
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孩子們得以去自行車訓練營，
09:41
and every day of the week,
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而且那週的每一天，
09:42
some member of our group
tried to be there to cheer for them.
tried to be there to cheer for them.
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我們組都有人去為他們加油。
09:46
I happened to be there
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我去的那天碰巧是
09:47
the day the training wheels
were supposed to come off,
were supposed to come off,
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孩子要拆下訓練輪子，開始騎兩輪，
09:50
and let me tell you, the four-year-old
did not think this was a good idea.
did not think this was a good idea.
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而那四歲小孩就是不幹。
09:55
So I went over and talked to him
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於是我走過去與他談
09:57
about the long-term benefits
of riding without training wheels.
of riding without training wheels.
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關於騎兩輪的長遠利益。
10:01
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
10:03
Then I remembered that he was four
and barely spoke English.
and barely spoke English.
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然後我想起他只有四歲，
才勉強能講點英語。
才勉強能講點英語。
10:07
So I reverted to two words
he definitely knew:
he definitely knew:
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所以我不講大道理了，
只回歸到他肯定懂的幾個字：
只回歸到他肯定懂的幾個字：
10:11
ice cream.
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冰淇淋。
10:13
You try without training wheels,
I'll buy you ice cream.
I'll buy you ice cream.
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你試試不要訓練輪子，
我就給你買冰淇淋。
我就給你買冰淇淋。
10:17
Here's what happened next.
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接下來發生的是這樣。
10:19
(Video) ED: Yes. Yeah!
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（影片）ED：好。很好！
10:22
Kid: I'm gonna try.
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孩子：我試看看。
10:23
ED: Oh my God! Look at you go!
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ED：噢，我的天！看看你騎的！
10:25
(Squealing) Look at you go!
You're doing it all by yourself!
You're doing it all by yourself!
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（尖叫）看看你騎的！
你自己會騎了！
你自己會騎了！
10:28
(Audience) (Laughter)
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（觀眾）（笑聲）
10:29
(Video) ED: Good job!
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（影片）ED：幹得好！
10:32
(Audience) (Laughter)
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（觀眾）（笑聲）
10:33
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
10:38
ED: So this is the kind of helping
that human beings evolved to enjoy,
that human beings evolved to enjoy,
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ED：所以這是一種人類已經
進化到可以享受的助人行為，
進化到可以享受的助人行為，
10:44
but for 40 years,
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但有 40 年之久，
10:46
Canada was the only country in the world
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加拿大是世界上唯一
10:48
that allowed private citizens
to sponsor refugees.
to sponsor refugees.
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允許公民私人贊助難民的國家。
10:52
Now -- Canada!
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現在 —— 加拿大！
10:54
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
10:56
It's pretty great.
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這是非常偉大的。
10:59
Now Australia and the UK
are starting up similar programs.
are starting up similar programs.
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現在，澳洲和英國
也開始了類似的做法。
也開始了類似的做法。
11:03
Just imagine how different
the refugee crisis could look
the refugee crisis could look
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試想難民危機會有多不一樣，
11:07
if more countries made this possible.
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如果有更多的國家也這麼做。
11:10
Creating these kinds of meaningful
connections between individuals
connections between individuals
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在個體間創建這種有意義的連接
11:14
provides an opportunity
to deal with challenges
to deal with challenges
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提供了應對高難度挑戰的機會。
11:17
that feel overwhelming.
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11:20
One of those challenges lies just blocks
from where I'm standing right now,
from where I'm standing right now,
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其中的一個挑戰，離我現在
站的這裡只有幾個街區，
站的這裡只有幾個街區，
11:25
in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver.
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在溫哥華市中心東區。
11:28
By some measures, it's the poorest
urban postal code in Canada.
urban postal code in Canada.
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以某些方面衡量，這是加拿大
最貧窮的城市郵政區號。
最貧窮的城市郵政區號。
11:32
We actually debated whether
to bring over a family of refugees,
to bring over a family of refugees,
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實際上，我們曾經為了是否將
一個難民家庭搬進那區而辯論，
一個難民家庭搬進那區而辯論，
11:35
because there are so many people
right here already struggling.
right here already struggling.
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因為這裡已經有這麼多人在掙扎求生。
11:39
My friend Evan told me
that when he was a kid
that when he was a kid
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我的朋友埃文告訴我，他小的時候
11:42
and his parents drove
through this neighborhood,
through this neighborhood,
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和他的父母開車經過這附近，
11:44
he would duck down in the back seat.
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他都會彎下身躲在後座。
11:48
But Evan's parents
never would have guessed
never would have guessed
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但埃文的父母從來也猜不到
11:50
that when he grew up,
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當他長大後，
11:52
he would open up the doors
of a local restaurant
of a local restaurant
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他會讓當地的餐館敞開門
11:55
and invite this community inside
to enjoy three-course dinners.
to enjoy three-course dinners.
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邀請社區居民去享用全套晚餐。
11:59
The program that Evan helped build
is called "Plenty of Plates,"
is called "Plenty of Plates,"
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埃文幫助建立的計劃叫「盤多多」，
12:03
and the goal is not just
to provide free meals
to provide free meals
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其目標不僅是提供免費餐食，
12:06
but to create moments of connection
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也要讓那些平時目光不會相對的人
12:08
between people who otherwise
might never make eye contact.
might never make eye contact.
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可以有機會交流。
12:12
Each night, a local business
sponsors the dinner
sponsors the dinner
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每天晚上，一家當地企業贊助晚宴
12:15
and sends a team of volunteers
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並派一批志工
12:17
who help make and serve the meal.
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去幫忙做菜和服務。
12:19
Afterward, the leftovers get distributed
to people who are out on the street,
to people who are out on the street,
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餐後將剩菜分給街友，
12:24
and importantly, there's enough money left
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更重要的是，在這之後
都還有足夠的餘錢
都還有足夠的餘錢
12:26
to provide a thousand free lunches
for this community
for this community
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可以在其後數天為社區
提供一千份免費午餐。
提供一千份免費午餐。
12:29
in the days that follow.
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12:31
But the benefits of this program
extend beyond food.
extend beyond food.
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但這個計劃提供的好處不只是食物。
12:35
For the volunteers, it provides
an opportunity to engage with people,
an opportunity to engage with people,
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對於志工而言，它提供了
一個與人接觸的機會，
一個與人接觸的機會，
12:40
to sit down and hear their stories.
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能坐下來聽他們的故事。
12:43
After this experience,
one volunteer changed his commute
one volunteer changed his commute
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有了這個經驗，一名志工
改變了他的上下班路徑，
改變了他的上下班路徑，
12:47
so that instead of avoiding
this neighborhood,
this neighborhood,
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不再迴避這附近，
而是走過它，
12:50
he walks through it,
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12:52
smiling or making eye contact
as he passes familiar faces.
as he passes familiar faces.
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對途中的熟悉面孔微笑或四目接觸。
12:57
All of us are capable
of finding joy in giving.
of finding joy in giving.
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所有的人都能夠在給予中找到快樂。
13:01
But we shouldn't expect this
to happen automatically.
to happen automatically.
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但是，我們不應該指望這會自動發生。
13:05
Spending money helping others
doesn't necessarily promote happiness.
doesn't necessarily promote happiness.
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花錢助人並不一定
讓我們覺得更快樂。
讓我們覺得更快樂。
13:09
Instead, it matters how we do it.
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而是要看我們所做的方式。
13:13
And if we want people to give more,
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如果我們希望人們給更多一點，
13:15
we need to subvert the way we think
about charitable giving.
about charitable giving.
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我們需要顛覆對
慈善捐贈的思考方式。
慈善捐贈的思考方式。
13:20
We need to create opportunities to give
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我們要創造機會讓人在捐助的時候
13:22
that enable us to appreciate
our shared humanity.
our shared humanity.
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能體會到我們共同的人性。
13:26
If any of you work for a charity,
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如果你們是在慈善機構工作，
13:29
don't reward your donors
with pens or calendars.
with pens or calendars.
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不要用筆或月曆那種贈品
去獎勵您的捐助者。
去獎勵您的捐助者。
13:33
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
13:37
Reward them with the opportunity
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獎勵的方式，是讓他們有機會
13:39
to see the specific impact
that their generosity is having
that their generosity is having
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看到他們的慷慨所造成的具體影響，
13:43
and to connect with the individuals
and communities they're helping.
and communities they're helping.
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並將他們與受幫助的
個人及社區間連結起來。
個人及社區間連結起來。
13:49
We're used to thinking about giving
as something we should do.
as something we should do.
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我們習慣於將給予
視為我們應該做的事。
視為我們應該做的事。
那是沒錯。
13:54
And it is.
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13:56
But in thinking about it this way,
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但如果光那樣想，
13:59
we're missing out on one of
the best parts of being human:
the best parts of being human:
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我們就錯失了作為人
最大的好處之一：
最大的好處之一：
14:03
that we have evolved to find joy
in helping others.
in helping others.
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我們已經進化到可以
經由助人來找到快樂。
經由助人來找到快樂。
14:09
Let's stop thinking about giving
as just this moral obligation
as just this moral obligation
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我們不要再把助人僅僅視為道德義務
而是要開始將它看作快樂的源泉。
14:14
and start thinking of it
as a source of pleasure.
as a source of pleasure.
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謝謝。
14:18
Thank you.
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（掌聲）
14:20
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Elizabeth Dunn - Happiness researcherElizabeth Dunn discovers ways that people can optimize their use of time, money and technology in order to maximize their own happiness.
Why you should listen
When Elizabeth Dunn got her first job, she wondered what to do with the money that was suddenly appearing in her bank account. So she teamed up with her friend Mike Norton (at Harvard) to figure out how people could use money to buy the most happiness. She and Norton wrote a book called Happy Money, which presents five research-based principles designed to help individuals and organizations use their money in happier ways. It was selected by the Washington Post as one of the "top 20 books every leader should read."
Recently, her work has focused on how people navigate trade-offs between time and money, and how mobile technology can both support and undermine human happiness. Dunn is an avid skier and surfer, and she survived a shark attack.
Elizabeth Dunn | Speaker | TED.com