ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eric Dyer - Artist, educator
Eric Dyer is an artist and educator who brings animation into the physical world with his sequential images, sculptures and installations.

Why you should listen

Eric Dyer spent years working at a computer to produce images for the screen. Longing to "get my hands back on the work," he returned to a tactile creative process. He began exploring the zoetrope, an early form of animation. The device, popular in the 19th century, consists of a slitted drum whose interior is lined with a sequence of images. When the object is spun, the viewer peers through the apertures in the drum and the forms appear to move. By replacing the drum with a fast-shutter digital video camera, Dyer invented the process of making films from spinning sculptures. He continues to innovate with new tools and applications, moving his work off the screen and into real spaces.

Dyer work has been widely exhibited at events and venues such as the Smithsonian National Gallery of Art, Ars Electronica, international animation festivals in numerous countries, the screens of Times Square, and the Cairo and Venice Biennales. He has been honored as a Fulbright Fellow, Sundance New Frontier Artist, Creative Capital Artist and Guggenheim Fellow. Dyer's fervent exploration of expression through motion has placed his work in books such as Re-imagining Animation: the Changing Face of the Moving Image, Pervasive Animation, Animation: A World History and A New History of Animation. He has been a visiting artist at institutions such as Carnegie Mellon University, ECNU in Shanghai, and CalArts. Dyer teaches visual arts and animation at UMBC in Baltimore, MD and is represented by Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York.

More profile about the speaker
Eric Dyer | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxCharlottesville

Eric Dyer: The forgotten art of the zoetrope

艾瑞克戴亞: 被遺忘的幻影箱藝術

Filmed:
1,087,963 views

藝術家艾瑞克戴亞花了數年時間在電腦前,製作螢幕影像。視力變差的他,出於回到工作的渴望,開始探索幻影箱。幻影箱是十九世紀很受歡迎的裝置,用來創造動態幻覺,遠在電影發明之前就有了。在這場活潑的演說中,他展現他的藝術發明:旋轉雕塑,這些作品喚起了美麗、如夢似幻的景象。(警告:本演說內有閃爍影像及燈光。建議對光敏感或會因閃光造成發病者不要觀賞。)
- Artist, educator
Eric Dyer is an artist and educator who brings animation into the physical world with his sequential images, sculptures and installations. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
A long time ago,
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很久以前,
00:14
I was a professional專業的 animator動畫製作者.
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我是職業動畫師。
00:18
(Music音樂)
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(音樂)
00:19
[Eric埃里克 Dyer戴爾]
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〔艾瑞克戴亞〕
00:21
[Animator動畫]
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〔動畫師〕
00:22
[Compositor排序]
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〔排版員〕
00:28
And at night,
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在晚上,
00:30
I would make my own擁有 experimental試驗 films影片.
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我會做我自己的實驗電影。
00:32
(Music音樂)
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(音樂)
00:33
And I was spending開支 a lot of time,
way too much time, in front面前 of a screen屏幕
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我花很多時間,
太多時間,在螢幕前,
00:38
for work that would be
presented呈現 on a screen屏幕,
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做要被呈現在螢幕上的作品,
00:40
and I had this great need
to get my hands back on the work again.
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我迫不及待要不停地工作。
00:46
Now, before "The Simpsons辛普森,"
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在「辛普森家庭」之前,
00:48
before "Gumby古比,"
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在「甘餅人」之前,
(註:美國知名黏土動畫)
00:49
before "Betty貝蒂 Boopboop,"
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在「貝蒂娃娃」之前,
00:51
before there was such這樣 a thing
as cinema電影 and television電視,
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在有電影和電視之前,
00:54
animation動畫 was hugely巨大 popular流行 in this form形成.
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這是一種非常普遍的動畫形式。
00:57
This is a zoetrope西洋鏡.
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這是「幻影箱」。
(註:也稱走馬燈、西洋鏡)
00:59
And you spin this drum,
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當你轉動這個鼓,
01:01
and you look through通過 the slits狹縫
into the inside of the drum,
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透過狹縫看鼓的內部,
01:04
and you see the animation動畫 pop流行的 to life.
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你就會看到動畫活起來。
01:06
This is animation動畫 in physical物理 form形成,
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這是實體形式的動畫,
01:09
and it's animation動畫 I could
get my hands on again.
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這是我可以再次繼續做的動畫。
01:13
I took these ideas思路 to Denmark丹麥.
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我把這些點子帶到丹麥。
01:15
I went there with my family家庭
on a Fulbright富布賴特 Fellowship獎學金.
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家人和我以傅爾布萊特獎學金去的。
01:19
That's my daughter女兒, Mia米婭.
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那是我女兒,米雅。
01:22
I rode騎著車 around the city on my bicycle自行車
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我在城市裡騎著腳踏車到處跑,
01:25
and shot射擊 all the interesting有趣
moving移動 elements分子 of Copenhagen哥本哈根:
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拍下了哥本哈根各種
會動的有趣元素:
01:31
the boaters划船 in the canals運河,
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水道上的划船遊玩者、
01:34
the colors顏色 that explode爆炸 in spring彈簧,
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春天爆發出來的顏色、
01:36
the free-use免費使用 city bikes自行車,
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免費使用的城市腳踏車、
01:38
love,
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愛、
01:40
textures紋理,
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構造紋理、
01:42
the healthy健康 cuisine烹飪 --
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健康的菜餚──
01:43
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:46
And I brought all that video視頻
back into the physical物理 world世界
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我把所有那些影片帶回了實體世界,
01:49
by printing印花 it out on these long
strips帶子 of ink-jet噴墨 paper
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做法是把它印在這種
長條的噴墨影印紙上,
01:52
and cutting切割 out the forms形式.
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再依形狀剪下來。
01:54
Now, I invented發明 my own擁有
form形成 of the zoetrope西洋鏡,
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我發明了我自己的一種幻影箱形式,
01:58
which哪一個 removes移除了 the drum
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不需要用鼓,
02:01
and replaces取代 the slits狹縫
with a video視頻 camera相機.
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用攝影機取代了狹縫。
02:08
And this was very exciting扣人心弦 for me,
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我感到非常興奮,
02:10
because it meant意味著 that I could
make these physical物理 objects對象,
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因為這表示,我可以
做出這些實體物品,
02:14
and I could make films影片 from those objects對象.
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且我可以用那些物品來製作電影。
02:18
That's me riding騎術 on my bicycle自行車.
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那是我在騎我的腳踏車。
02:20
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
02:27
I made製作 about 25 paper sculptures雕塑,
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我做了大約 25 個紙雕,
02:31
each the size尺寸 of a bicycle自行車 wheel.
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每個都和腳踏車輪子差不多大。
02:34
I brought them into the studio工作室,
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我把它們帶到工作室,
02:36
spun them
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轉動它們,
02:37
and shot射擊 them to make the film電影
"Copenhagen哥本哈根 Cycles週期."
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拍攝它們,製作了名為
「哥本哈根腳踏車」的影片。
02:41
(Music音樂)
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(音樂)
02:50
This project項目 not only allowed允許 me
to get my hands back on the work again
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這個專案不僅讓我能再回到工作,
02:53
but it helped幫助 me get my life back.
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也協助我找回人生。
02:56
Instead代替 of spending開支 12, 15 hours小時 a day
with my face面對 plastered抹灰 to a screen屏幕,
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我不再花 12、15 小時
把臉緊貼在螢幕上,
03:01
I was having these little adventures冒險
with our new family家庭
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而是和我的新家庭
展開這些小小冒險,
03:05
and shooting射擊 video視頻 along沿 the way,
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在路上順便拍攝影片,
03:08
and it was kind of a symbiosis合作關係
of art藝術 and life.
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有點像是藝術和人生的共生。
03:11
And I think that it's no mistake錯誤
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我想,幻影箱的確可以
03:13
that zoetrope西洋鏡 translates轉換
into "wheel of life."
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直譯成「生命之輪」。
03:17
(Music音樂)
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(音樂)
03:23
But film電影 and video視頻 does flatten弄平 sculpture雕塑,
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但電影和影片確實會讓雕塑變平面,
03:25
so I tried試著 to imagine想像
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所以我嘗試想像
03:27
a way that animated動畫 sculpture雕塑
could be experienced有經驗的 as such這樣,
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有什麼方法可以讓動畫雕塑
被確切地經歷和體驗,
03:31
and also a completely全然 immersive身臨其境
kind of animated動畫 sculpture雕塑.
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能成為一種完全
身歷其境的動畫雕塑。
03:35
And that's where I came來了 up with the idea理念
for the zoetrope西洋鏡 tunnel隧道.
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於是我想出了這個點子:
幻影箱隧道。
03:39
You walk步行 through通過 with a handheld手持 strobe頻閃,
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你手持著頻閃觀測儀走進隧道,
03:41
and wherever哪裡 you point the flashlight手電筒,
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不管你將閃光指向哪裡,
03:44
the animation動畫 pops持久性有機污染物 to life.
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哪裡的動畫就會活過來。
03:46
I plan計劃 to finish this project項目
in the next下一個 30 to 40 years年份.
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我打算在接下來的三、四十年
完成這個專案。
03:49
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:52
But I did build建立 a half-scale半量程 prototype原型.
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但我確實做了一個規模
只有一半的原型樣品。
03:56
It's covered覆蓋 in Velcro尼龍搭扣,
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它用魔鬼氈包著,
03:58
and I could lay鋪設 inside on this bridge
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我可以躺在裡面的這座橋上,
04:01
and stick animated動畫 sequences序列 to the walls牆壁
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把動畫串貼在牆壁上,
04:05
and test測試 stuff東東 out.
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來測試效果。
04:07
People would comment評論
that it reminded提醒 them of an MRIMRI.
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人們的評論是,這讓他們想到
MRI(核磁共振攝影)。
04:13
And that medical connection連接 spoke to me,
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那和醫療的連結,讓我有了想法,
04:16
because at the age年齡 of 14,
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因為在 14 歲的時候,
04:17
I was diagnosed確診 with
a degenerative退行性 retinal視網膜 condition條件
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我被診斷出視網膜退化病變,
04:20
that's slowly慢慢地 taking服用 my vision視力 away,
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會讓我逐漸失明,
04:23
and I'd never responded回應
to that in my work.
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但我從未在作品中回應那件事。
04:26
So I responded回應 to it
in this piece called, "Implant植入."
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所以我在「植入」
這件作品中做了回應。
04:31
It is an imaginary假想,
super-magnified超級放大 medical device設備
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它是一個想像的、繞著視神經的,
並被放大到超級大的醫療裝置。
04:34
that fits適合 around the optic視神經 nerve神經.
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04:38
And the public上市 is, in a sense,
miniaturized小型化 to experience經驗 it.
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而在某種意義上,大眾
就像是被縮小之後來體驗它。
04:48
With a handheld手持 strobe頻閃,
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手持著頻閃觀測儀,
04:49
they can explore探索 the sculpture雕塑,
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他們就可以探索這個雕塑,
04:53
and discover發現 thousands數千
of cell-sized細胞大小 robots機器人
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並發現數以千計細胞大小的機器人,
04:58
hard at work, leaping跳躍
in and out of the optic視神經 nerve神經,
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努力工作,一下跳進、
一下跳出視神經,
05:01
being存在 deployed部署 to the retina視網膜
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被部署到視網膜上,
05:02
to repair修理 it.
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去修復它。
05:04
It's my science科學 fiction小說 fantasy幻想 cure治愈
of my own擁有 incurable不可救藥 disorder紊亂.
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對於我這無法治療的病,
這是我的科幻奇幻療法。
05:08
(Machine buzzes嗡嗡聲)
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(機器唧唧響)
05:11
Now, in the real-world真實世界 gene基因 therapy治療
and gene基因 therapy治療 research研究,
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在真實世界的基因療法
和基因療法研究中,
05:15
healthy健康 genes基因 are being存在 administered管理
to unhealthy不良 cells細胞 using運用 viruses病毒.
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會用病毒把健康的基因
傳給不健康的細胞。
05:21
There's a lot of colorful華美,
fluffy蓬鬆 hope希望 in this,
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在這兒有許多顏色豐富
且鬆軟的希望在其中,
05:25
and there's also some creepy爬行,
threatening危險的 idea理念
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還有一些很令人毛骨悚然、
威脅性的的點子,
05:28
of viruses病毒 maybe becoming變得
an invasive侵入的 species種類 in your body身體.
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比如在你的身體內,
病毒變成了侵略性的物種。
05:36
Vision視力 loss失利 has helped幫助
to take me away from the things
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喪失視力協助我遠離
那些切斷我與世界連結的事物。
05:40
that disconnect斷開 me from the world世界.
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05:43
Instead代替 of being存在 sealed密封 off
in an automobile汽車,
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我不坐在封閉在汽車當中,
05:45
I ride my bike自行車,
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而是騎著腳踏車,
05:47
take buses公共汽車 and trains火車
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坐公車和火車,
05:48
and walk步行 a lot.
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也常常步行。
05:50
And instead代替 of a visually視覺 intensive集約
process處理 in the studio工作室, primarily主要,
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我不再把時間都花在工作室中
非常耗費視力的工作流程上,
05:55
I'm also getting得到 outdoors在戶外 a lot more
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而是更常外出,
05:58
and using運用 more of my senses感官.
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多用我的感官。
06:01
This landscape景觀 is a couple一對 hours小時 east
of San Diego迭戈, California加州.
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這景觀位在加州聖地牙哥東邊
大約幾個小時車程的地方。
06:05
My brother哥哥 lives生活 out that way.
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我的哥哥住在那邊。
06:08
He and I went camping露營 there for four days.
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我和他在那裡露營了四天,
06:12
And I grabbed抓起 my camera相機,
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我拿起我的相機,
06:14
and I walked through通過 the canyons峽谷.
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走到峽谷當中,
06:16
And I tried試著 to imagine想像 and figure數字 out
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我嘗試想像和思考
06:19
what kind of motion運動 would be present當下
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要在這個非常的靜態、
06:22
in this place地點 that was so still
and so devoid沒有 of motion運動.
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完全沒有動態地方,
呈現出什麼樣的動感。
06:27
I think it's the stillest他平靜
place地點 I've ever been.
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我想這是我去過最靜態的地方了。
06:30
And I realized實現 that it was the movement運動
of my own擁有 body身體 through通過 the landscape景觀
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我了解到,是我自己的身體
走過這個地景的移動,
06:35
that was creating創建 the animation動畫.
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創造出了動畫。
06:37
It was the motion運動 of changing改變 perspective透視.
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是變化視角的動態。
06:40
So I created創建 this piece called "Mud Caves洞穴"
from those photographs照片.
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所以我用那些照片創作了
這個作品,名為「泥洞」。
06:44
It's a multilayered多層 print打印 piece,
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它是個多層次的平面作品,
06:46
and you can think of it as
a zoetrope西洋鏡 laid鋪設 flat平面.
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你可以把它想成是攤平的幻影箱。
06:50
It's kind of my western西
landscape景觀 panorama全景.
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算是我的西部景觀全景。
06:54
And next下一個 to the print打印 piece
there's a video視頻 monitor監控
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在這平面作品的旁邊,
有一個影片顯示器,
06:57
that shows節目 the animation動畫
hidden within the artwork藝術品.
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呈現隱藏在這藝術作品中的動畫。
07:01
I think one of the best最好 parts部分
about this project項目 for me
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我想,對我而言,
這個專案最棒的地方是
07:04
was that I got to hang out
with my brother哥哥 a lot,
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我得以和我哥哥一起消磨大把時間,
07:06
who lives生活 2,500 miles英里 away from me.
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他住的地方離我有 2,500 英哩遠。
07:09
And we would just sit
in this seemingly似乎 eternal永恆 landscape景觀
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我們就坐在這個
看似永恆的風景當中,
07:14
sculpted雕刻 by water over millions百萬 of years年份
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被水雕塑了數百萬年而成的風景中,
07:17
and talk.
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聊聊天。
07:18
We'd星期三 talk about our kids孩子 growing生長 up
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聊我們的孩子漸漸長大,
07:21
and the slowing減緩 pace步伐 of our parents父母,
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我們的父母步伐漸慢,
07:23
and our dad who's誰是 suffering痛苦 from leukemia白血病,
memory記憶 loss失利 and infection感染.
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我們的爸爸身受白血病、
記憶喪失、及感染之苦。
07:29
And it struck來襲 me that, as individuals個人,
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我突然想到,以個人來看,
07:32
we're finite有限,
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我們是有限的。
07:34
but as a family家庭,
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但以家庭來看,
07:35
we are an ongoing不斷的 cycle週期 --
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我們是個持續不斷的循環,
07:37
a kind of wheel of life.
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是一種生命之輪。
07:40
Now, I want to leave離開 you with a tribute
to one of my mentors導師.
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最後,我想以一件作品
對一位導師致敬,來做作結。
07:45
She reminds提醒 me that physical物理
presence存在 is important重要
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她提醒我,實體呈現的重要,
07:51
and that play is not a luxury豪華,
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玩樂並不是奢侈品,
07:54
but a necessity必要性.
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而是必需品。
08:02
She's Pixie精靈,
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她名叫小精靈,
08:04
and she's our family家庭 dog.
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是我們家的狗。
08:10
And she loves to jump.
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她喜歡跳來跳去。
08:12
(Dog barking叫聲)
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(狗吠聲)
08:14
(Dog barking叫聲 and spring彈簧 boingingboinging)
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(狗吠聲與彈簧聲)
08:20
And this is a new kind of zoetrope西洋鏡
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這是一種新的幻影箱,
08:23
that I developed發達
at the Imaging成像 Research研究 Center中央
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是我在馬里蘭大學巴爾的摩分校的
08:25
at UMBCUMBC in Baltimore巴爾的摩.
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「影像研究中心」發展出來的。
08:29
And I call it a "real-time即時的 zoetrope西洋鏡."
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我稱它為「即時幻影箱」。
08:31
(Dog barking叫聲)
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(狗吠聲)
08:33
(Dog barking叫聲 and spring彈簧 boingingboinging)
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(狗吠聲與彈簧聲)
08:37
Thank you.
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謝謝。
08:38
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Lilian Chiu
Reviewed by Helen Chang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eric Dyer - Artist, educator
Eric Dyer is an artist and educator who brings animation into the physical world with his sequential images, sculptures and installations.

Why you should listen

Eric Dyer spent years working at a computer to produce images for the screen. Longing to "get my hands back on the work," he returned to a tactile creative process. He began exploring the zoetrope, an early form of animation. The device, popular in the 19th century, consists of a slitted drum whose interior is lined with a sequence of images. When the object is spun, the viewer peers through the apertures in the drum and the forms appear to move. By replacing the drum with a fast-shutter digital video camera, Dyer invented the process of making films from spinning sculptures. He continues to innovate with new tools and applications, moving his work off the screen and into real spaces.

Dyer work has been widely exhibited at events and venues such as the Smithsonian National Gallery of Art, Ars Electronica, international animation festivals in numerous countries, the screens of Times Square, and the Cairo and Venice Biennales. He has been honored as a Fulbright Fellow, Sundance New Frontier Artist, Creative Capital Artist and Guggenheim Fellow. Dyer's fervent exploration of expression through motion has placed his work in books such as Re-imagining Animation: the Changing Face of the Moving Image, Pervasive Animation, Animation: A World History and A New History of Animation. He has been a visiting artist at institutions such as Carnegie Mellon University, ECNU in Shanghai, and CalArts. Dyer teaches visual arts and animation at UMBC in Baltimore, MD and is represented by Ronald Feldman Fine Arts, New York.

More profile about the speaker
Eric Dyer | Speaker | TED.com