ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Emmett - Ear surgeon
TED Fellow Susan Emmett studies global hearing health disparities in 15 countries and Indigenous groups around the world, in an effort to fight preventable hearing loss.

Why you should listen

Susan Emmett is an ear surgeon and public health expert who develops evidence-based solutions to address preventable hearing loss.  She studies novel pathways for prevention and applies digital innovations such as mobile screening and telemedicine to extend access to care to even the most remote communities. Collaboration across disciplines and countries is central to Emmett's research, fueling a global effort to address a neglected public health concern. 

Emmett serves as Assistant Professor of Surgery and Global Health at Duke University in Durham, NC, USA. She has been an invited speaker at more than 20 international and national conferences and has authored numerous articles on hearing health in leading medical journals. She consults for the World Health Organization and leads the advocacy efforts of the Coalition for Global Hearing Health. Emmett spends much of her time in remote communities in northwest Alaska, where she co-leads a randomized trial to address childhood hearing loss funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. While at home in North Carolina, she provides medical and surgical care to patients with hearing loss and trains the next generation of medical students, residents, and postdoctoral fellows in global hearing health research. She was named a TED Fellow in 2017.

More profile about the speaker
Susan Emmett | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2017

Susan Emmett: This simple test can help kids hear better

苏珊·埃米特: 这项简单检查能帮助儿童解决听力问题

Filmed:
1,245,476 views

生活在偏远地区的儿童很难找到医生——更不用说去听力专家诊所进行昂贵而复杂的听力检查了。太多的孩子会因此出现由耳部感染和其他可治愈或可预防的问题而引起的听力缺损。针对这个问题,耳科医生及TED研究员苏珊·埃米特正在与阿拉斯加乡村的15个社区展开合作,以创建一个只需要手机就能进行的简单、低成本的测试。一起来进一步了解她的工作,以及该项工作如何改变无法获得听力护理的儿童的生活。
- Ear surgeon
TED Fellow Susan Emmett studies global hearing health disparities in 15 countries and Indigenous groups around the world, in an effort to fight preventable hearing loss. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Listen to the sounds声音
of why hearing听力 matters事项
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请大家听听为什么,
听力对于阿拉斯加原住民
是非常重要的。
00:16
to the Alaskan阿拉斯加 Native本地人 people.
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00:18
Hearing听力 loss失利 makes品牌 it hard
to fish on the open打开 water,
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听力缺损使人们很难
在天然水域捕鱼、
难以捕猎驯鹿和采收浆果,
00:22
hunt打猎 caribou驯鹿 and harvest收成 berries浆果,
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而这些活动是阿拉斯加
原住民文化的核心。
00:25
activities活动 central中央
to Alaskan阿拉斯加 Native本地人 culture文化.
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00:30
Hearing听力 loss失利 isn't unique独特 to rural乡村 Alaska阿拉斯加州.
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听力缺损的问题并非
阿拉斯加农乡村独有。
它是全球性的问题。
00:33
It's global全球.
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00:35
The Global全球 Burden负担 of Disease疾病 Project项目
estimates估计 there are 1.1 billion十亿 people
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据“全球疾病负担项目”估计,
全世界有11亿人都有
不同程度的听力缺损。
00:41
living活的 with hearing听力 loss失利 worldwide全世界.
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00:44
That's more people than the entire整个
population人口 here in sub-Saharan撒哈拉以南 Africa非洲.
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这比非洲撒哈拉以南的
总人口数还多。
00:50
Over 80 percent百分 are in low-低-
and middle-income中等收入 countries国家,
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这些人里,有80%以上
生活在中低收入国家,
许多人得不到听力保健服务。
00:54
and many许多 have no access访问 to hearing听力 care关心.
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00:58
The impact碰撞 on people's人们 lives生活
is tremendous巨大.
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这对人们生活的影响是巨大的。
01:03
AnukAnuk is a three-year-old三十岁 boy男孩
I treated治疗 in Alaska阿拉斯加州.
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阿努克是我在阿拉斯加
治疗的一名三岁男孩。
01:07
Ear infections感染 started开始
when he was barely仅仅 four months个月 old.
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他四个月大时耳朵发生了感染。
01:11
His parents父母 brought him into clinic诊所,
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他的父母带他来诊所,
担心他和兄弟们相比说话太少。
01:14
worried担心 he didn't say much
compared相比 to his brothers兄弟.
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01:17
Sure enough足够, many许多 rounds of infections感染
had resulted导致 in hearing听力 loss失利.
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果然,多轮的感染
导致他出现了听力缺损。
01:23
Without没有 treatment治疗, Anuk'sAnuk 的 speech言语
will continue继续 to lag落后 behind背后.
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如果不治疗,阿努克的
语言能力发展将继续滞后。
他很可能在学校表现越来越差、
01:29
He's more likely容易 to do worse更差 in school学校,
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工作前景堪忧,
01:32
have worse更差 job工作 prospects前途
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还可能会经历社交孤立。
01:34
and experience经验 social社会 isolation隔离.
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01:37
But it doesn't have to be this way.
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但我们对此并非毫无办法。
01:40
The World世界 Health健康 Organization组织 estimates估计
that half of all global全球 hearing听力 loss失利
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世界卫生组织估计,
全球听力缺损中,有一半
是可以预防的。
01:45
can be prevented防止.
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01:47
If Anuk'sAnuk 的 hearing听力 loss失利
is identified确定 and treated治疗 promptly及时,
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如果阿努克的听力缺损
被及时发现和治疗,
他的生活和他长大后
所拥有的机会
01:52
his life and the opportunities机会
he has as he grows成长 up
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应该会有很大改观。
01:57
could look vastly大大 different不同.
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01:59
I'm an ear surgeon外科医生 working加工
with partners伙伴 around the world世界
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我是一名耳科医生,
与世界各地的伙伴合作,
探索预防听力缺损的新途径。
02:03
on new pathways途径
for hearing听力 loss失利 prevention预防.
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02:06
This solution comes from my collaboration合作
with a tribal部落的 health健康 organization组织
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这个解决方案来自我与
一个部落健康组织——
“诺顿湾健康公司”的合作。
02:11
called the Norton诺顿 Sound声音
Health健康 Corporation公司.
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传统的听力缺损评估需要
听力师在隔音室
02:14
Hearing听力 loss失利 evaluation评测 traditionally传统
requires要求 testing测试 by an audiologist听力师
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02:18
in a soundproof隔音 room房间,
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进行测试,
还需要很多固定设备。
02:20
with a lot of permanent常驻 equipment设备.
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02:23
An ear surgeon外科医生 then examines
Anuk'sAnuk 的 ears耳朵 under a microscope显微镜
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然后耳科医生在显微镜下
检查阿努克的耳朵,
再决定治疗方案。
02:26
and decides决定 a treatment治疗 plan计划.
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02:29
These resources资源 simply只是 aren't
available可得到 in remote远程 settings设置.
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而偏远地区根本不具备
这样的医疗条件。
02:33
In a state where 75 percent百分 of communities社区
aren't connected连接的 to a hospital醫院
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在这个州,75%的居民区没有公路
02:37
by road,
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能通向医院,
需要费用高昂的飞行交通。
02:38
an expensive昂贵 flight飞行 is required需要.
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02:42
To overcome克服 these barriers障碍,
Alaska阿拉斯加州 has developed发达
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为了克服这些障碍,
阿拉斯加开发了
一个最先进的远程医疗系统,
02:45
a state-of-the-art最先进的 telemedicine远程医疗 system系统
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将250多个乡村诊所连接到
02:48
that connects所连接 over 250
village health健康 clinics诊所
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对各类健康问题进行分诊的专家。
02:51
with specialists专家 who triage分流
all types类型 of health健康 concerns关注.
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02:55
My colleagues同事 have validated验证
that ear-related耳相关 telemedicine远程医疗 consults咨询
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我的同事已经验证,
与耳科相关的远程医疗咨询
和面对面检测的效果相当。
02:59
are equivalent当量 to an in-person亲自 exam考试.
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03:03
In 2016, travel旅行 was prevented防止
for 91 percent百分 of patients耐心
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在2016年,诺顿湾地区
接受专业远程医疗的患者中,
有91%不再需要去医院就医。
03:08
receiving接收 specialty专业 telemedicine远程医疗
in the Norton诺顿 Sound声音 region地区.
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03:12
Telemedicine远程 has saved保存 over 18 million百万
in travel旅行 costs成本 in this single region地区
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在过去15年里,远程医疗
仅在这一地区就节省了
1800多万的差旅花费。
03:17
over the past过去 15 years年份.
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03:20
Our team球队 is taking服用 the power功率
of telemedicine远程医疗 to a new level水平,
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我们的团队正在让
远程医疗迈上新台阶,
这是由一家
03:24
through通过 a project项目
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患者导向的医疗效果
研究所资助的项目。
03:25
funded资助 by the Patient-Centered以病人为中心
Outcomes成果 Research研究 Institute研究所.
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我们首次将远程医疗与
03:28
For the first time,
we are merging合并 telemedicine远程医疗
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03:31
with mobile移动 screening筛查 technology技术
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移动筛查技术相结合,
将专家分诊的范围扩大到
医疗诊治的环境之外。
03:34
that extends扩展 the reach达到 of expert专家 triage分流
beyond health健康 care关心 settings设置.
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03:39
This cell-based细胞为主 screen屏幕,
developed发达 in South Africa非洲,
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这种基于手机的筛查
是在南非开发的,
花费不到传统设备的十分之一,
03:42
costs成本 over 10 times less
than traditional传统 equipment设备
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且不需要高级培训。
03:46
and does not require要求 advanced高级 training训练.
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03:49
If I were screening筛查 AnukAnuk at school学校,
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假如我在阿努克的学校
给他做筛查,
降噪耳机和噪音监测
03:51
sound-attenuating声音衰减 headphones头戴耳机
and noise噪声 monitoring监控
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将取代隔音室,
03:54
would take the place地点 of a sound声音 booth,
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03:57
and I would use a phone电话 adapter适配器
instead代替 of a microscope显微镜
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我能使用手机转接器
直接来检查他的耳朵,
而不再需要借助显微镜。
03:59
to examine检查 his ears耳朵.
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04:02
In a matter of minutes分钟,
screening筛查 and images图片 are doneDONE.
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只要几分钟,筛查和拍照就完成了。
然后我们应用阿拉斯加远程医疗技术
04:06
We then apply应用 Alaska阿拉斯加州
telemedicine远程医疗 technology技术
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将数据传输给专科医生,
04:08
to transmit发送 the data数据 to specialists专家,
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专家将为阿努克
选择适合他的治疗方案。
04:11
who connect AnukAnuk
to the treatment治疗 he needs需求.
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04:14
Our team球队 is launching发射 a randomized随机 trial审讯
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我们的团队正在
白令海沿岸的15个社区
04:17
in 15 communities社区 along沿 the Bering白令 Sea
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展开一项随机试验,
研究这项干预治疗的效果。
04:20
to study研究 how well this intervention介入 works作品.
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04:24
Our goal目标 is to prevent避免 childhood童年
hearing听力 loss失利 across横过 the state of Alaska阿拉斯加州.
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我们的目标,是在整个阿拉斯加州
预防儿童听力缺损。
04:29
But the concept概念 is bigger
than a single state.
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但这个概念背后的意义
远大过一个州。
它的影响是全球性的。
04:32
The impact碰撞 is global全球.
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移动远程医疗可以彻底改变
人们的就诊体验。
04:35
Mobile移动 telemedicine远程医疗
can revolutionize革命化 access访问 to care关心.
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例如,在有1700万人口的马拉维,
04:40
In Malawi马拉维, for example, there are only
two ear surgeons外科医生 and 11 audiologists听觉
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只有两名耳科医生和11名听力师。
04:45
for a population人口 of 17 million百万.
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04:48
This technology技术 could empower授权 teachers教师
and community社区 health健康 workers工人
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这项技术可以让教师和
社区卫生工作者
有能力为马拉维等地的儿童
提供获得诊疗的机会。
04:52
to provide提供 access访问 to care关心
to children孩子 in places地方 like Malawi马拉维.
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在全球范围内的应用,可以让
从未享受过听力保健的儿童的
04:57
Scaling缩放 up globally全球
could change更改 children's儿童 lives生活
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生活发生彻底的改变,
05:01
who have never had access访问
to hearing听力 care关心 before,
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05:04
using运用 just the power功率 of a cell细胞 phone电话.
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这一切只需要借助
手机就可以实现。
05:08
It's time to change更改 the course课程
of preventable预防的 hearing听力 loss失利.
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是时候改变可预防性
听力缺损的现状了。
05:12
AnukAnuk and countless无数 children孩子 like him
are depending根据 on us.
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阿努克和无数像他这样的孩子
都在等着我们。
谢谢。
05:16
Thank you.
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05:17
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Yan Gao
Reviewed by Yinchun Rui

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Emmett - Ear surgeon
TED Fellow Susan Emmett studies global hearing health disparities in 15 countries and Indigenous groups around the world, in an effort to fight preventable hearing loss.

Why you should listen

Susan Emmett is an ear surgeon and public health expert who develops evidence-based solutions to address preventable hearing loss.  She studies novel pathways for prevention and applies digital innovations such as mobile screening and telemedicine to extend access to care to even the most remote communities. Collaboration across disciplines and countries is central to Emmett's research, fueling a global effort to address a neglected public health concern. 

Emmett serves as Assistant Professor of Surgery and Global Health at Duke University in Durham, NC, USA. She has been an invited speaker at more than 20 international and national conferences and has authored numerous articles on hearing health in leading medical journals. She consults for the World Health Organization and leads the advocacy efforts of the Coalition for Global Hearing Health. Emmett spends much of her time in remote communities in northwest Alaska, where she co-leads a randomized trial to address childhood hearing loss funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. While at home in North Carolina, she provides medical and surgical care to patients with hearing loss and trains the next generation of medical students, residents, and postdoctoral fellows in global hearing health research. She was named a TED Fellow in 2017.

More profile about the speaker
Susan Emmett | Speaker | TED.com