ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Emmett - Ear surgeon
TED Fellow Susan Emmett studies global hearing health disparities in 15 countries and Indigenous groups around the world, in an effort to fight preventable hearing loss.

Why you should listen

Susan Emmett is an ear surgeon and public health expert who develops evidence-based solutions to address preventable hearing loss.  She studies novel pathways for prevention and applies digital innovations such as mobile screening and telemedicine to extend access to care to even the most remote communities. Collaboration across disciplines and countries is central to Emmett's research, fueling a global effort to address a neglected public health concern. 

Emmett serves as Assistant Professor of Surgery and Global Health at Duke University in Durham, NC, USA. She has been an invited speaker at more than 20 international and national conferences and has authored numerous articles on hearing health in leading medical journals. She consults for the World Health Organization and leads the advocacy efforts of the Coalition for Global Hearing Health. Emmett spends much of her time in remote communities in northwest Alaska, where she co-leads a randomized trial to address childhood hearing loss funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. While at home in North Carolina, she provides medical and surgical care to patients with hearing loss and trains the next generation of medical students, residents, and postdoctoral fellows in global hearing health research. She was named a TED Fellow in 2017.

More profile about the speaker
Susan Emmett | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2017

Susan Emmett: This simple test can help kids hear better

蘇珊艾美特: 這項簡單的檢驗就能協助孩童有更好的聽力

Filmed:
1,245,476 views

住在農村區域的兒童可能很難去看醫生——更不可能去聽力師的診所,做昂貴、複雜的檢測來檢查他們的聽力。結果就是,太多兒童因為耳朵感染和其他可治癒或預防的問題而產生聽力缺損。那就是為什麼耳外科醫生及 TED 成員蘇珊艾美特在和阿拉斯加農村的 15 個社區合作,創造一種簡單、低成本的檢測,只需要一支手機即可進行。來進一步了解她做了什麼,以及這如何能協助無法取得聽力照護的兒童,改變他們的人生。
- Ear surgeon
TED Fellow Susan Emmett studies global hearing health disparities in 15 countries and Indigenous groups around the world, in an effort to fight preventable hearing loss. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Listen to the sounds聲音
of why hearing聽力 matters事項
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聽見聲音對於阿拉斯加的
原住民而言很重要。
00:16
to the Alaskan阿拉斯加 Native本地人 people.
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00:18
Hearing聽力 loss失利 makes品牌 it hard
to fish on the open打開 water,
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聽力缺損會造成在開放水域捕魚、
獵殺北美馴鹿,
00:22
hunt打獵 caribou馴鹿 and harvest收成 berries漿果,
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以及採收莓類變得更困難,
00:25
activities活動 central中央
to Alaskan阿拉斯加 Native本地人 culture文化.
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這些活動對於阿拉斯加
原住民文化而言都很重要。
00:30
Hearing聽力 loss失利 isn't unique獨特 to rural鄉村 Alaska阿拉斯加州.
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並不是只有阿拉斯加農村的人
才有聽力缺損問題。
00:33
It's global全球.
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它是全球性的問題。
00:35
The Global全球 Burden負擔 of Disease疾病 Project項目
estimates估計 there are 1.1 billion十億 people
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「全球性疾病負擔研究」
估計全世界有 11 億人
00:41
living活的 with hearing聽力 loss失利 worldwide全世界.
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帶著聽力缺損在過生活。
00:44
That's more people than the entire整個
population人口 here in sub-Saharan撒哈拉以南 Africa非洲.
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這個數目比整個
撒哈拉以南非洲的人口還多。
00:50
Over 80 percent百分 are in low-低-
and middle-income中等收入 countries國家,
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這些人當中,超過 80%
都住在中低收入的國家,
00:54
and many許多 have no access訪問 to hearing聽力 care關心.
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許多人沒有辦法取得聽力照護。
00:58
The impact碰撞 on people's人們 lives生活
is tremendous巨大.
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他們的生活受到很大的衝擊。
01:03
AnukAnuk is a three-year-old三十歲 boy男孩
I treated治療 in Alaska阿拉斯加州.
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阿努克是我在阿拉斯加
治療的一位三歲男孩。
01:07
Ear infections感染 started開始
when he was barely僅僅 four months個月 old.
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當他才幾乎要四個月大時,
就開始出現耳朵感染。
01:11
His parents父母 brought him into clinic診所,
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他的父母帶他去診所,
01:14
worried擔心 he didn't say much
compared相比 to his brothers兄弟.
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擔心相對於他的兄弟,
他的話比較少,可能是有問題。
01:17
Sure enough足夠, many許多 rounds of infections感染
had resulted導致 in hearing聽力 loss失利.
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當然,許多次的感染
造成了聽力缺損。
01:23
Without沒有 treatment治療, Anuk'sAnuk 的 speech言語
will continue繼續 to lag落後 behind背後.
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在沒有治療的情況下,
阿努力的說話能力就會持續落後。
01:29
He's more likely容易 to do worse更差 in school學校,
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他在學校的表現很可能會比較差,
01:32
have worse更差 job工作 prospects前途
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工作的前景也比較不好,
01:34
and experience經驗 social社會 isolation隔離.
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還有可能會經歷到社會孤立的狀況。
01:37
But it doesn't have to be this way.
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但不見得一定要如此。
01:40
The World世界 Health健康 Organization組織 estimates估計
that half of all global全球 hearing聽力 loss失利
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世界衛生組織估計,
全球的聽力缺損中,
有一半是可預防的。
01:45
can be prevented防止.
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01:47
If Anuk'sAnuk 的 hearing聽力 loss失利
is identified確定 and treated治療 promptly及時,
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如果阿努克的聽力缺損
即時被發現和治療,
01:52
his life and the opportunities機會
he has as he grows成長 up
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他在成長過成中的生活和機會
01:57
could look vastly大大 different不同.
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都會有很大的不同。
01:59
I'm an ear surgeon外科醫生 working加工
with partners夥伴 around the world世界
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我是位耳外科醫生,
和全世界的夥伴合作,
02:03
on new pathways途徑
for hearing聽力 loss失利 prevention預防.
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想找到新的方式來預防聽力缺損。
02:06
This solution comes from my collaboration合作
with a tribal部落的 health健康 organization組織
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這個解決方案是我和一個
部落的健康組織合作的結果,
02:11
called the Norton諾頓 Sound聲音
Health健康 Corporation公司.
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這個組織叫諾頓灣健康公司。
02:14
Hearing聽力 loss失利 evaluation評測 traditionally傳統
requires要求 testing測試 by an audiologist聽力師
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傳統上,若要做聽力缺損的評估,
需要在一間隔音室中
02:18
in a soundproof隔音 room房間,
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由聽力師做測試,
02:20
with a lot of permanent常駐 equipment設備.
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裡面還要有許多固定式設備。
02:23
An ear surgeon外科醫生 then examines
Anuk'sAnuk 的 ears耳朵 under a microscope顯微鏡
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耳外科醫生接著會在顯微鏡下
檢視阿努克的耳朵,
02:26
and decides決定 a treatment治療 plan計劃.
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判斷要用什麼治療計畫。
02:29
These resources資源 simply只是 aren't
available可得到 in remote遠程 settings設置.
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而偏遠的地方不可能有這些資源。
02:33
In a state where 75 percent百分 of communities社區
aren't connected連接的 to a hospital醫院
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在這個州,75% 的社區和醫院間
沒有道路連結,
02:37
by road,
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02:38
an expensive昂貴 flight飛行 is required需要.
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於是會需要昂貴的飛行費用。
02:42
To overcome克服 these barriers障礙,
Alaska阿拉斯加州 has developed發達
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為了要克服這些障礙,
阿拉斯加開發了
一個先進的遠程醫療系統,
02:45
a state-of-the-art最先進的 telemedicine遠程醫療 system系統
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02:48
that connects所連接 over 250
village health健康 clinics診所
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連結超過 250 個村落健康診所,
02:51
with specialists專家 who triage分流
all types類型 of health健康 concerns關注.
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並且配有將病人依各種健康問題
做快速分類的專家。
02:55
My colleagues同事 have validated驗證
that ear-related耳相關 telemedicine遠程醫療 consults諮詢
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我同事已經驗證,
和耳朵相關的遠程醫療諮詢
02:59
are equivalent當量 to an in-person親自 exam考試.
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和面對面的檢驗有相同的效果。
03:03
In 2016, travel旅行 was prevented防止
for 91 percent百分 of patients耐心
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2016 諾頓灣地區
接受專業遠程醫療的病人,
03:08
receiving接收 specialty專業 telemedicine遠程醫療
in the Norton諾頓 Sound聲音 region地區.
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91% 省去了親自跑一趟的麻煩。
03:12
Telemedicine遠端 has saved保存 over 18 million百萬
in travel旅行 costs成本 in this single region地區
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光在這個區域,在過去 15 年間,
遠程醫療就協助省下了
1800 萬美金的旅費成本。
03:17
over the past過去 15 years年份.
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03:20
Our team球隊 is taking服用 the power功率
of telemedicine遠程醫療 to a new level水平,
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我們的團隊要讓
遠程醫療的力量再更上一層樓,
03:24
through通過 a project項目
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靠的就是一個由患者導向
醫療效果研究所資助的計畫。
03:25
funded資助 by the Patient-Centered以病人為中心
Outcomes成果 Research研究 Institute研究所.
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03:28
For the first time,
we are merging合併 telemedicine遠程醫療
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這是第一次,我們將遠程醫療
03:31
with mobile移動 screening篩查 technology技術
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與行動篩檢技術結合,
這種技術能將
03:34
that extends擴展 the reach達到 of expert專家 triage分流
beyond health健康 care關心 settings設置.
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專家所做的病人快速分類
延伸到健康照護環境以外的地方。
03:39
This cell-based細胞為主 screen屏幕,
developed發達 in South Africa非洲,
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這種以細胞為基礎的篩檢
是在南非開發出來的,
03:42
costs成本 over 10 times less
than traditional傳統 equipment設備
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它的成本不到
傳統設備的十分之一,
03:46
and does not require要求 advanced高級 training訓練.
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且不需要進階的訓練。
03:49
If I were screening篩查 AnukAnuk at school學校,
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如果我在學校裡為阿努克做篩檢,
03:51
sound-attenuating聲音衰減 headphones頭戴耳機
and noise噪聲 monitoring監控
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減噪耳機和噪音監控
03:54
would take the place地點 of a sound聲音 booth,
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就會取代隔音間,
03:57
and I would use a phone電話 adapter配接器
instead代替 of a microscope顯微鏡
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我就會用手機轉接器而不是顯微鏡
03:59
to examine檢查 his ears耳朵.
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來檢測他的耳朵。
04:02
In a matter of minutes分鐘,
screening篩查 and images圖片 are doneDONE.
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只要幾分鐘的時間,
篩檢和影像就完成了。
04:06
We then apply應用 Alaska阿拉斯加州
telemedicine遠程醫療 technology技術
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接著,我們應用
阿拉斯加電視醫療技術
04:08
to transmit發送 the data數據 to specialists專家,
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將資料傳輸給專家,
04:11
who connect AnukAnuk
to the treatment治療 he needs需求.
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他們會將阿努克
和他所需要的治療做連結。
04:14
Our team球隊 is launching發射 a randomized隨機 trial審訊
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我們的團隊在白令海
沿岸 15 個社區
開始進行隨機試驗,
04:17
in 15 communities社區 along沿 the Bering白令 Sea
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04:20
to study研究 how well this intervention介入 works作品.
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來研究這種干預治療方式的效果。
04:24
Our goal目標 is to prevent避免 childhood童年
hearing聽力 loss失利 across橫過 the state of Alaska阿拉斯加州.
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我們的目標是要在阿拉斯加州
預防童年聽力缺損。
04:29
But the concept概念 is bigger
than a single state.
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比如,在馬拉威,只有
2 位耳外科醫生和 11 位聽力師,
04:32
The impact碰撞 is global全球.
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人口卻有 1700 萬人。
04:35
Mobile移動 telemedicine遠程醫療
can revolutionize革命化 access訪問 to care關心.
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這項技術能夠在馬拉威這類地方,
讓老師及社區健康工作者
04:40
In Malawi馬拉維, for example, there are only
two ear surgeons外科醫生 and 11 audiologists聽覺
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有能力協助兒童取得照護。
04:45
for a population人口 of 17 million百萬.
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若能擴及全球,
就能協助以前從來沒有辦法
04:48
This technology技術 could empower授權 teachers教師
and community社區 health健康 workers工人
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取得聽力治療的兒童,
改善他們的生活,
04:52
to provide提供 access訪問 to care關心
to children孩子 in places地方 like Malawi馬拉維.
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只需要用一支手機的力量
就可以做到這點。
04:57
Scaling縮放 up globally全球
could change更改 children's兒童 lives生活
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該是為可預防之聽力缺損
帶來改變的時候了。
05:01
who have never had access訪問
to hearing聽力 care關心 before,
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阿努克和無數像他一樣的兒童
都要仰賴我們。
05:04
using運用 just the power功率 of a cell細胞 phone電話.
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謝謝。
(掌聲)
05:08
It's time to change更改 the course課程
of preventable預防的 hearing聽力 loss失利.
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05:12
AnukAnuk and countless無數 children孩子 like him
are depending根據 on us.
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05:16
Thank you.
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05:17
(Applause掌聲)
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Translated by Lilian Chiu
Reviewed by Yulei Cao

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Emmett - Ear surgeon
TED Fellow Susan Emmett studies global hearing health disparities in 15 countries and Indigenous groups around the world, in an effort to fight preventable hearing loss.

Why you should listen

Susan Emmett is an ear surgeon and public health expert who develops evidence-based solutions to address preventable hearing loss.  She studies novel pathways for prevention and applies digital innovations such as mobile screening and telemedicine to extend access to care to even the most remote communities. Collaboration across disciplines and countries is central to Emmett's research, fueling a global effort to address a neglected public health concern. 

Emmett serves as Assistant Professor of Surgery and Global Health at Duke University in Durham, NC, USA. She has been an invited speaker at more than 20 international and national conferences and has authored numerous articles on hearing health in leading medical journals. She consults for the World Health Organization and leads the advocacy efforts of the Coalition for Global Hearing Health. Emmett spends much of her time in remote communities in northwest Alaska, where she co-leads a randomized trial to address childhood hearing loss funded by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. While at home in North Carolina, she provides medical and surgical care to patients with hearing loss and trains the next generation of medical students, residents, and postdoctoral fellows in global hearing health research. She was named a TED Fellow in 2017.

More profile about the speaker
Susan Emmett | Speaker | TED.com