TEDGlobal 2017
Joel Jackson: A vehicle built in Africa, for Africa
Joel Jackson: 一辆为非洲设计，在非洲制造的车
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Joel Jackson想要围绕着非洲消费者的需求重新想象交通。他设计了一款运动型多用途车，这种车足够坚固，可以在崎岖的路面上行驶很长一段时间，价格也足够便宜，最需要的人也能买得起。让我们来探索一下非洲的交通问题，非洲的制造业的问题，和一个当地的车造业对非洲的未来意味着什么。
Joel Jackson - Transport entrepreneur
TED Fellow Joel Jackson is the founder and CEO of Mobius Motors, set to launch a durable, low-cost SUV made in Africa. Full bio
TED Fellow Joel Jackson is the founder and CEO of Mobius Motors, set to launch a durable, low-cost SUV made in Africa. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Imagine if your daily commute
involved tens of kilometers
involved tens of kilometers
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来想象一下，你每天上下班要在
00:16
on these kinds of roads,
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这种路上开数十公里，
00:18
driving this kind of vehicle,
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你开的车是这样质量的车，
00:20
without any nearby service stations
or breakdown assistance.
or breakdown assistance.
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而且路上没有任何服务站或者修车站。
00:23
For millions of drivers in many parts
of Africa, this is the norm.
of Africa, this is the norm.
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这其实对几百万非洲车主来说，
最平常不过了。
最平常不过了。
00:28
Since over 90 percent
of passenger cars are imported,
of passenger cars are imported,
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他们用的车里超过 90% 的是进口车，
00:30
often used,
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常常是二手车，
00:32
they're just not designed for local usage.
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不是为当地用途而设计的。
00:34
High import duties
often compound the problem,
often compound the problem,
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进口税常使问题更严重，
00:37
sometimes doubling the price of a car.
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因为有时进口税和车价一样。
00:40
So most vehicles are either
too expensive or too unreliable
too expensive or too unreliable
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所以大多的车
00:44
for the average consumer.
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对一般的消费者来说不是
太贵就是太不可靠。
太贵就是太不可靠。
00:46
Well-designed vehicles are only part
of the transport challenge, though.
of the transport challenge, though.
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车的设计只是交通运输的众多挑战之一。
00:49
For every 100 adults in Africa,
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在非洲， 有车族只占
00:52
less than five people
actually own a vehicle.
actually own a vehicle.
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成人人口的 5%。
00:54
Public transport is available,
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公共交通是另外一个选择。
00:56
and in countries like Kenya,
it's often run by local entrepreneurs
it's often run by local entrepreneurs
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在肯尼亚等国家，
公共交通是由私营企业
公共交通是由私营企业
00:59
using minivans like this.
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用这样的面包车运作的。
01:00
But in most rural and peri-urban areas,
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但在大多数农村和市郊，
01:03
it's fragmented and unreliable.
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公共交通是支零破碎和不可靠的。
01:06
In more remote areas without transport,
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更偏远的地方完全没有公共交通，
01:08
people have to walk,
typically tens of kilometers,
typically tens of kilometers,
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人们只能走多至数十公里去
01:11
to get to school
or collect clean drinking water
or collect clean drinking water
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去上学或者取食用水
01:13
or buy supplies from nearby markets.
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或者买日用品。
01:16
Bad roads, disparate communities,
low average income levels
low average income levels
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路况糟糕，居住区分散，人均收入低，
01:19
and inadequate vehicles
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还有质量差的车辆
01:21
all impair the transport system
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都在削弱整个运输系统
01:22
and ultimately constrain economic output.
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并让经济产量止步不前。
01:26
Despite this constraint,
the Pan-African economy is booming.
the Pan-African economy is booming.
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尽管这样，非洲的经济还是日益繁荣。
01:29
Combined GDP is already
over two trillion dollars.
over two trillion dollars.
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它的综合生产总值已经超过2兆亿。
01:33
This is a massive commercial
and social opportunity,
and social opportunity,
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非洲是一个很巨大的经济和社会机会。
01:36
not a helpless continent.
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不是一个无助的大陆。
01:39
So why isn't there already
something better?
something better?
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那为什么它的运输系统仍没有改善呢？
01:42
Around the world, automotive
is quarter the manufacturing sector.
is quarter the manufacturing sector.
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汽车工业占了全世界制造业的四分之一。
01:45
But in Africa, it's generally
been overlooked by carmakers,
been overlooked by carmakers,
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但是汽车公司很少考虑非洲，
01:48
who are focused on larger,
established markets
established markets
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更多的时候他们都在关注
已经建立起来的市场，
已经建立起来的市场，
01:50
and emerging economies
like India and China.
like India and China.
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和印度和中国这些新兴经济。
01:53
This lack of industrialization,
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非洲本身缺少工业化，
01:55
which itself creates a vicious-cycle
barrier to the emergence of industry,
barrier to the emergence of industry,
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而工业化又是向新兴经济发展
必走的一步，
必走的一步，
01:58
has caused the dependence on imports.
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所以形成了依赖进口车的恶性循环。
02:01
There is a supply-demand disconnect,
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供和求的断开了，
02:03
with the vast majority of automotive
spending on the continent today,
spending on the continent today,
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过多的资源被用于购买进口车
02:06
essentially funding an international
network of car exporters
network of car exporters
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和发展车进口商的国际网络，
02:09
instead of fueling the growth
of local industry.
of local industry.
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而不是用于帮助本地工业的发展。
02:12
It's entirely possible to solve
this disconnect, though,
this disconnect, though,
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这个供和求的断开是可以解决的，
02:15
starting with products
that people actually want.
that people actually want.
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由开发人们真正需要的产品开始。
02:17
And this is what motivated me
to start Mobius,
to start Mobius,
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这就是我创立 Mobius 的动力，
02:20
to build a vehicle in Africa, for Africa.
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在非洲制造非洲需要的车。
02:25
To us, this meant reimagining the car
around the needs of the consumer,
around the needs of the consumer,
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这意味着围绕着消费者的需要
重新设计一辆车。
重新设计一辆车。
02:28
simplifying nonessential features
like interior fixtures
like interior fixtures
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简化不必要的产品特征，
比如车内的装修，
比如车内的装修，
02:31
and investing in performance-critical
systems like suspension
systems like suspension
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和重点投资性能系统， 比如悬架，
02:34
to create durable and affordable vehicles
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以此目的制造出
02:36
built for purpose.
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耐用和经济的车。
02:38
And built for purpose
is exactly where we started
is exactly where we started
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以此目的我们
02:41
with our first-generation
model, Mobius II,
model, Mobius II,
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开发出了第一代产品， Mobius II，
02:43
which was designed
as a really rugged, low-cost SUV,
as a really rugged, low-cost SUV,
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产品的定位是价位低，牢靠的 ，
02:47
able to handle heavy loads
and rough terrain reliably.
and rough terrain reliably.
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能够应付糟糕的路况和崎岖的地形的SUV。
02:50
This launched in 2015,
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这个车在2015年上市。
02:52
and we've now developed
the next-generation version
the next-generation version
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基于顾客的反馈，
02:55
based on customer feedback.
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我们已经开发了第二代的产品。
02:57
For high stress and heavy loading,
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为了更好地应付高压和重负，
02:59
we engineered a sturdy steel space frame.
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我们开发了一个更稳固的框架。
03:01
To handle acute vibration
from rough roads,
from rough roads,
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为了让车更好地应付崎岖的道路
引起的震动，
引起的震动，
03:04
we ruggedized the suspension.
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我们加固了悬架。
03:06
For potholes and uneven terrain,
high ground clearance was a no-brainer.
high ground clearance was a no-brainer.
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由于地面普遍坑洼，
车的高度必须调高。
车的高度必须调高。
03:10
And to make this something customers
could actually be proud to drive in,
could actually be proud to drive in,
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还要让顾客开车时有自豪感，
03:13
we designed an aspirational
body aesthetic.
body aesthetic.
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我们为车设计了适合
仰慕群体的美学的外形。
仰慕群体的美学的外形。
03:16
Underpinning all of this, we simplified
or eliminated components
or eliminated components
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从根本上， 我们尽量简化和
取消了很多部分，
取消了很多部分，
03:19
like parking sensors and automatic windows
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比如停车传感器和自动车窗。
03:22
wherever we could,
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为了就是
03:23
to keep costs low
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把成本降到最低，
03:24
and sell this at half the price
of a five-year-old SUV in Kenya today.
of a five-year-old SUV in Kenya today.
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和把价位定到一辆有五年车龄
旧车的价格的一半。
旧车的价格的一半。
03:30
The new --
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新的
03:31
(Applause)
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（掌声）
03:35
The new Mobius II launches in 2018.
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第二代车将在2018 上市。
03:38
And while durable, affordable
vehicles like this are vital,
vehicles like this are vital,
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性能和价位很重要，
03:41
a broader solution to immobility
needs to go further.
needs to go further.
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但我们需要拓展
我们解决交通问题的方式。
我们解决交通问题的方式。
03:45
Over the last decade,
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过去十年里，
03:46
a transport-centric, shared economy
has connected people across Africa
has connected people across Africa
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一个以交通为中心的分享经济开始
03:49
with minivans, auto rickshaws and sedans.
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用面包车，自动人力车和轿子
把全非洲的人连接。
把全非洲的人连接。
03:52
It's just not operated
very effectively or efficiently.
very effectively or efficiently.
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但它在运作上并无多大成效。
03:55
Enabling better access to transport
is all about strengthening
is all about strengthening
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让人们更方便地使用交通工具，
03:58
this public transit network,
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就需要加强这个公共交通网络
04:00
empowering local entrepreneurs
who already offer similar services
who already offer similar services
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使当地的提供
04:03
in their communities
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相似服务的创业者
04:04
to operate these services
more profitably and more widely.
more profitably and more widely.
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获得更高的利润和开拓业务。
04:08
With this aim, we're taking
human-centered design a step further
human-centered design a step further
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以这个为目标，
我们把以人为中心的设计推进一步，
我们把以人为中心的设计推进一步，
04:11
and developing a transport platform model,
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成立了一个
04:13
which enables owners
to plug in different modules,
to plug in different modules,
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让车主即插即用的交通平台，
04:16
like a goods cage or ambulance unit,
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比如载货车或者救护车，
04:18
and run other services
like goods delivery or medical transport,
like goods delivery or medical transport,
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或者提供其他送货和医疗运输的服务，
04:21
as well as public transport.
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和公共交通。
04:23
Transportation services
like this are the fundamental driver
like this are the fundamental driver
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这种交通服务是
04:26
of logistics, trade, social services,
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后勤， 商业， 社会服务，
04:29
access to education,
health care and employment.
health care and employment.
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教育， 医疗和就业的基本。
04:32
The transportation grid
to physical economies
to physical economies
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运输网络对物质经济
04:34
is akin to the internet
to virtual economies.
to virtual economies.
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如同互联网对虚拟经济。
04:36
And the impact of increased mobility
is only part of the potential here.
is only part of the potential here.
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增加的可动性只是潜力的一部分。
04:41
Since the late 1700s,
the Industrial Revolution has catapulted
the Industrial Revolution has catapulted
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从18 世纪末期起，工业革命已经
推动了全世界的经济的发展。
04:45
the development of economies
around the world
around the world
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04:47
into thriving societies.
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04:49
Today, manufacturing is still the engine
of economic growth and stability,
of economic growth and stability,
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现在，制造业仍旧是
经济发展和稳定的引擎，
经济发展和稳定的引擎，
04:52
even as new technologies have inevitably
transformed the way we live.
transformed the way we live.
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尽管新技术已经
改变我们的生活方式。
改变我们的生活方式。
04:56
Making stuff is important,
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制造业很重要，
04:58
especially for nation-states wanting
to boost employment,
to boost employment,
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尤其对一个需要增加就业率的
05:01
increase skills and reduce
import dependence.
import dependence.
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增加国民技术，
减少对进口物资的依赖的国家而言。
减少对进口物资的依赖的国家而言。
05:03
But while few countries can skip
this industrialized stage,
this industrialized stage,
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虽然少数国家可以
完全跳过工业化的阶段，
完全跳过工业化的阶段，
05:06
many have negligible manufacturing output.
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很多国家的制造业有微不足道的产量。
05:09
There are various reasons for this,
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原因有很多，
05:11
but one reason is universal:
hardware is hard.
hardware is hard.
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当一个普遍的原因是，硬件是很难的。
05:14
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:16
So what are the challenges to industry,
and how are we approaching them?
and how are we approaching them?
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那么对工业的挑战有哪些，
而我们应该如何应对？
而我们应该如何应对？
05:20
The first issue many people think of
is a lack of skilled labor.
is a lack of skilled labor.
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人们首先会想到技术工的短缺。
05:23
In areas where access to good primary
and secondary education are limited
and secondary education are limited
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在小学和中学教育有限的，
05:27
and employment opportunities are scarce,
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和就业机会不足的地方，
05:29
a small skill base is inevitable.
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技术工基础过小是不可避免的。
05:31
But that doesn't mean it's immutable.
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但这不是不可改变的。
05:33
There's an abundance of smart, hardworking
and ambitious people in Africa,
and ambitious people in Africa,
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很显然，非洲充满了聪明的， 勤劳的，
05:37
obviously.
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和有雄心的人。
05:38
What's really lacking are good jobs
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真正短缺的是好的
05:40
that offer a path not just to employment
but also professional growth.
but also professional growth.
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而且帮助员工成长的工作。
05:44
The first person we employed
at Mobius over six years ago
at Mobius over six years ago
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六年前，第一个被Mobius 雇佣的
05:47
was a mechanic named Kazungu.
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人是一个叫 Kazungu 的机械工。
05:48
Kazungu had gone to school
up to the age of 18
up to the age of 18
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Kazungu在18岁之前一直在读书，
05:51
and worked as an odd-job mechanic.
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并打机械方面的零工。
05:53
Joining the company at the time
was a near-vertical learning curve.
was a near-vertical learning curve.
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在 Mobius，他的学习曲线几乎是直的，
05:56
But he rose to the challenge,
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但是他成功地应对了挑战，
05:57
and with more technical guidance
from an expanding engineering team,
from an expanding engineering team,
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在工程队的引导下，
06:01
he's grown over the years
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他在这几年里
06:02
to lead a group of mechanics
in R&D prototyping.
in R&D prototyping.
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发展成了研发样板的机械工队伍领导人。
06:04
A thirst for learning and the work ethic
to step up to a challenge
to step up to a challenge
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对知识的渴望，工作道德和接受挑战
06:08
are values we now recruit on.
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是我们招聘员工的条件。
06:09
Pairing innate values like this
with on-the-job training and systems
with on-the-job training and systems
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把这些内在品质和在职培训结合在一起
06:13
has strengthened our skill base.
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帮助我们增强我们的技术基础。
06:14
This works really well
on the production line,
on the production line,
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这在生产线上有很好的体现，
06:17
where work can be systematized
around clear procedural instructions
around clear procedural instructions
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因为工作是系统性地
围绕着清楚的程序进行的，
围绕着清楚的程序进行的，
06:20
and then reinforced through training.
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和在在职培训里加强的。
06:23
In our experience, it is possible
to build a skilled workforce,
to build a skilled workforce,
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以我们的经验，
这样我们可以雇佣几百人来
这样我们可以雇佣几百人来
06:26
and we plan to hire hundreds more people
using this approach.
using this approach.
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建造一个有技术的劳工基础。
06:30
A second challenge is a lack of suppliers.
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第二个问题是，没有供应商。
06:33
In countries like Kenya, there are only
a handful of automotive suppliers
a handful of automotive suppliers
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像肯尼亚这样的国家，
电线束，车座和玻璃供应商只有几个。
06:36
manufacturing parts like electrical
harnesses, seats and glass.
harnesses, seats and glass.
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06:39
It's a burgeoning group,
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这个群体在萌芽状态，
06:41
and without much demand from industry,
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但是没有市场的需求，
06:43
most of these suppliers
have no impetus to grow.
have no impetus to grow.
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这个群体没有增长的动力。
06:46
We've worked hard with a few of them
to develop the capacity
to develop the capacity
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我们努力地帮他们扩展他们的容量，
06:49
to consistently manufacture components
at the quality levels we need,
at the quality levels we need,
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和改善质量。
06:52
like this supplier in Nairobi,
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比如这个在内罗毕的供应商，
06:54
who are helping to reduce
the production cost of metal brackets
the production cost of metal brackets
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我们帮他们减低生产成本，
06:57
and improve their ability
to build conformant parts
to build conformant parts
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提高他们按照我们的图纸生产
06:59
to our engineering drawings.
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和规格的零件。
07:01
Supply and development is standard
practice in automotive globally,
practice in automotive globally,
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供货和发展是全球汽车
制造业的标准常规，
制造业的标准常规，
07:04
but it needs to be applied
from the ground up
from the ground up
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我们需要把它应用到
07:07
with a vast majority of local suppliers
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大多数的本地供应商上
07:08
to properly bolster the ecosystem.
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来增强生态系统。
07:11
And as production volumes rise,
these suppliers can employ more staff,
these suppliers can employ more staff,
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当产量上升后，
这些供应商会雇佣更多的员工，
这些供应商会雇佣更多的员工，
07:14
invest in better equipment
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投资买更好的设备，
07:16
and continue to develop
new manufacturing techniques
new manufacturing techniques
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和继续发展新的制造技术，
07:19
to further increase output.
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以增加产量。
07:21
Building up skills and suppliers
are not the only hurdles
are not the only hurdles
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在地方工业化的期间，
07:24
to local industrialization,
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我们遇到的阻碍还不止
培养技术和供应商，
培养技术和供应商，
07:26
but they're good examples
of how we think about the challenge.
of how we think about the challenge.
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但是他们是让我们考虑挑战的好例子。
07:29
You see, we're not just
reimagining the car,
reimagining the car,
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你看， 我们不止于要重新想象车，
07:31
we're reimagining our entire value chain.
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我们要重新想象整个供应链。
07:35
None of this has been easy,
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没有一样是容易的，
07:36
and we're only just getting started.
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而我们才刚刚开始。
07:38
But once African industry starts to scale,
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非洲工业开始矿大规模后，
07:40
the potential is huge.
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潜力是很大的。
07:42
Better products,
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更好的产品，
07:44
costing less,
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更低的成本，
07:45
built locally,
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当地生产，
07:47
together creating millions of jobs.
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制造上百万的就业机会。
07:49
Frugal innovation offers a path
to economic acceleration
to economic acceleration
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节俭的创新是可以加速
07:52
across many industries,
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很多工业的增长的，
07:54
and the future of this continent
depends on it.
depends on it.
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而且非洲大陆的未来就靠它了。
07:57
The Africa 2.0 I believe in
can apply locally relevant design
can apply locally relevant design
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我相信，非洲2.0
可以应用到适合每个区域的设计，
可以应用到适合每个区域的设计，
08:01
and a commitment to solving
its industrial challenges
its industrial challenges
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解决工业挑战的承诺，
08:04
to create a more connected,
more prosperous future,
more prosperous future,
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和建设一个更连接的和更繁荣的未来
08:07
not just for the privileged few,
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并不只属于有特权的少数人，
08:09
but for everyone.
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而属于所有人。
08:10
Thank you.
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谢谢。
08:12
(Applause)
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（掌声）。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joel Jackson - Transport entrepreneurTED Fellow Joel Jackson is the founder and CEO of Mobius Motors, set to launch a durable, low-cost SUV made in Africa.
Why you should listen
Joel Jackson was working on business strategy with farmers in rural Kenya when he faced a challenge shared by millions of people on the African continent: poor access to transport. Cars and trucks can be hard to afford in Africa, and road conditions require extra-tough vehicles, especially in rural areas.
Inspired, Jackson raised the funding to start Mobius Motors, a company that has already rolled out its first-generation vehicle. Their next-generation vehicle, Mobius II, is a simplified and ruggedized SUV set to retail for about 1,300,000 KES (Kenyan shillings), or about US$12,600 when it launches in 2018.
Joel Jackson | Speaker | TED.com