TED2019
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy: How film transforms the way we see the world
Шармийн Обайд-Чиной: Как филмът трансформира начина, по който виждаме света.
Filmed:
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1,980,995 views
Филмът има силата да промени начина, по който мислим за себе си и за нашата култура. Документаристът и ТЕД колега Шармийн Обайд-Чиной използва филма, за да се пребори с насилието над жените, обръщайки камерата си към традиционните убийства за чест в Пакистан. В разгорещен разговор, тя споделя как е спечелила Оскар за филм, заснет на път на мобилно кино, посещавайки малки градове и села през Пакистан — пренасочвайки динамиката между жени, мъже и общество, по един екран наведнъж.
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy - Filmmaker
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy makes documentary films. She's the founder of the Citizens Archive of Pakistan, dedicated to preserving Pakistan's history. Full bio
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy makes documentary films. She's the founder of the Citizens Archive of Pakistan, dedicated to preserving Pakistan's history. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm a storyteller,
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Аз съм разказвач на истории
00:14
but I'm also a troublemaker.
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Но също така съм и проблемен човек
00:16
(Laughter)
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(Смях)
00:17
And I have a habit
of asking difficult questions.
of asking difficult questions.
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И имам навика да задавам трудни въпроси
00:21
It started when I was 10 years old,
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Всичко започна когато бях на 10 години,
00:23
and my mother, who was raising
six children, had no time for them.
six children, had no time for them.
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майка ми нямаше време за своите шест деца.
00:28
At 14, fed up with my increasingly
annoying questions,
annoying questions,
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На 14, слушайки досадните ми въпроси тя ми
00:33
she recommended that I begin writing
for the local English-language newspaper
for the local English-language newspaper
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препоръча да пиша за местния вестник
00:38
in Pakistan,
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в Пакистан,
00:40
to put my questions out
to the entire country, she said.
to the entire country, she said.
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да задам въпросите си на цялата държава
00:43
(Laughter)
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(Смях)
00:46
At 17, I was an undercover
investigative journalist.
investigative journalist.
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На 17, бях разследващ журналист под прикритие
00:50
I don't even think my editor knew
just how young I was
just how young I was
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Дори редакторът ми не знае колко млада бях
00:54
when I sent in a story
that named and shamed
that named and shamed
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когато пратих засрамваща история на името
00:58
some very powerful people.
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на много могъщи хора.
01:02
The men I'd written about
wanted to teach me a lesson.
wanted to teach me a lesson.
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Мъжът за когото писах искаше да ми отмъсти
01:06
They wanted to shame me and my family.
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Искаха да ме посрамят мен и семейството ми
01:11
They spray-painted my name
and my family's name
and my family's name
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Те напръскаха имената ни със спрей
01:14
with unspeakable profanities
across our front gate
across our front gate
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на входа на дома ни с неописуеми думи
01:18
and around our neighborhood.
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както и в целия ни квартал.
01:19
And they felt that my father,
who was a strict man of tradition,
who was a strict man of tradition,
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И те почувстваха, че стриктният ми баща
01:24
would stop me.
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ще ме спре.
01:26
Instead, my father stood
in front of me and said,
in front of me and said,
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Но баща ми застана пред мен и ми каза
01:29
"If you speak the truth,
I will stand with you,
I will stand with you,
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"Ако говориш истината, ще застана до теб,
01:32
and so will the world."
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така също и светът."
01:33
And then he got --
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И тогава той намери
01:34
(Applause)
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(Аплодисменти)
01:39
And then he got a group of people together
and they whitewashed the walls.
and they whitewashed the walls.
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намери група от хора и замазаха стените
01:43
(Laughter)
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(Смях)
01:44
I've always wanted my stories
to jolt people,
to jolt people,
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Искам историите ми да разстърсят хората,
01:48
to shake them into having
difficult conversations.
difficult conversations.
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за да имат трудни разговори.
01:52
And I felt that I would be more effective
if I did something visual.
if I did something visual.
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Почувствах, че ще е от по-голяма полза
ако направя нещо визуално. И така на 21,
01:57
And so at 21, I became
a documentary filmmaker,
a documentary filmmaker,
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се превърнах в документалист, който обърна
02:00
turning my camera
onto marginalized communities
onto marginalized communities
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камерата си към пренебрегнатите общности
02:04
on the front lines in war zones,
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на воените зони и евевнтуално в Пакистан,
02:06
eventually returning home to Pakistan,
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да документирам насилието над жените.
02:10
where I wanted to document
violence against women.
violence against women.
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02:14
Pakistan is home to 200 million people.
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Пакистан е дом на 200 милиона хора.
02:17
And with its low levels of literacy,
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С ниските си нива на грамотност, един филм
02:20
film can change the way
people perceive issues.
people perceive issues.
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може да промени начина
на мислене на хората.
на мислене на хората.
02:26
An effective storyteller
speaks to our emotions,
speaks to our emotions,
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Ефективния разказвач говори на нашите
емоции, предизвиква емпатия и състрадание,
02:30
elicits empathy and compassion,
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02:33
and forces us to look
at things differently.
at things differently.
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като погледнем на нещата различно.
02:37
In my country, film had the potential
to go beyond cinema.
to go beyond cinema.
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Филмът има потенциала
да отиде отвъд киното.
да отиде отвъд киното.
02:42
It could change lives.
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Може да промени животи.
02:45
The issues that I've always
wanted to raise --
wanted to raise --
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Проблемът, който искам да повдигна
02:49
I've always wanted to hold up
a mirror to society --
a mirror to society --
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Да държа едно огледало на обществото
02:51
they've been driven
by my barometer of anger.
by my barometer of anger.
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били са подгонени от моя гневен барометър.
02:55
And my barometer of anger
led me, in 2014, to honor killings.
led me, in 2014, to honor killings.
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Този до убийствата на честта през 2014.
03:01
Honor killings take place
in many parts of the world,
in many parts of the world,
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Те се намират в различни части на света,
03:04
where men punish women
who transgress rules made by them:
who transgress rules made by them:
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а жените са наказвани от мъжки правила:
03:09
women who choose
to marry on their own free will;
to marry on their own free will;
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жени, които избират сами, за кого да се
03:12
or women who are looking for a divorce;
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омъжат или които искат да се разведат;
03:15
or women who are suspected
of having illicit relationships.
of having illicit relationships.
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жени, които са заподозрени за изневяра.
03:20
In the rest of the world, honor killings
would be known as murder.
would be known as murder.
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По целия свят това е прието за убийство.
03:27
I always wanted to tell that story
from the perspective of a survivor.
from the perspective of a survivor.
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Искам да разкажа историята през очите
на жертвата, но жените нямат щастлив край
03:33
But women do not live to tell their tale
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03:37
and instead end up in unmarked graves.
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вместо това попадат в неизвестни гробове.
03:40
So one morning when
I was reading the newspaper,
I was reading the newspaper,
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Една сутрин, когато си четях вестника
03:43
and I read that a young woman
had miraculously survived
had miraculously survived
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прочетох, че жена се е спасила по чудо
03:47
after being shot in the face
by her father and her uncle
by her father and her uncle
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след като е простреляна от баща и и чичо и
03:50
because she chose to marry a man
out of her free will,
out of her free will,
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защото сама решила за кого да се омъжи.
03:54
I knew I had found my storyteller.
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Осъзнах, че намерих своя разказвач.
03:58
Saba was determined to send
her father and her uncle to jail,
her father and her uncle to jail,
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Саба беше решена да прати баща си и чичо
04:02
but in the days after
leaving the hospital,
leaving the hospital,
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си в затвора, но след като излязла от
04:05
pressure mounted on her to forgive.
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болницата, бе натискът за прошка върху нея.
04:08
You see, there was a loophole in the law
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И там се намираше една вратичка в закона
04:10
that allowed for victims
to forgive perpetrators,
to forgive perpetrators,
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която позволява на жервите да простят на
04:14
enabling them to avoid jail time.
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своите нападатели и те да избегнат затвор
04:17
And she was told
that she would be ostracized
that she would be ostracized
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Казаха й, че тя ще бъде изоставена,
04:20
and her family, her in-laws,
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нейното семейство ще бъде избягвано от
04:23
they would all be shunned
from the community,
from the community,
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обществото, защото нейния баща беше в
04:25
because many felt that her father
had been well within his right,
had been well within his right,
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правото си, имайки предвид
04:29
given her transgression.
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нейното прегрешение.
04:32
She fought on --
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Тя се бори
04:35
for months.
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месеци.
04:36
But on the final day in court,
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Но последния ден в съда
04:39
she gave a statement forgiving them.
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тя даде изявление, на което им прощава.
04:44
As filmmakers, we were devastated,
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Като продуценти бяхме объркани, защото
04:46
because this was not the film
that we had set out to make.
that we had set out to make.
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това не беше филма, който искахме да правим
04:50
In hindsight, had she pressed charges,
fought the case and won,
fought the case and won,
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Ако беше продължила щеше да спечели делото
04:55
hers would have been an exception.
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а нейното би било изключение.
04:58
When such a strong woman is silenced,
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Когато толкова силна жена замълчи
05:01
what chance did other women have?
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какви са шансовете на другите жени?
05:05
And we began to think about using our film
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И започнахме да мислим да използваме филма
05:07
to change the way people
perceived honor killings,
perceived honor killings,
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да променим начина, по който хората
05:12
to impact the loophole in the law.
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възприемат убийствата и да променим закона
05:15
And then our film was nominated
for an Academy Award,
for an Academy Award,
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И тогава филмът ни беше номиниран
05:18
and honor killings became headline news,
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и убийствата на честта бяха вече новина
05:22
and the prime minister,
while sending his congratulations,
while sending his congratulations,
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министър-прецедателя ни поздрави,
05:26
offered to host the first screening
of the film at his office.
of the film at his office.
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предложи да излъчим филма в неговия офис.
05:30
Of course, we jumped at the chance,
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Естествено ние грабнахме този шанс,
05:31
because no prime minister in the history
of the country had ever done so.
of the country had ever done so.
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защото никога не беше се случвала досега.
05:36
And at the screening,
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И на прожекцията, която
05:37
which was carried live
on national television,
on national television,
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беше излъчвана по националната телевизия,
05:40
he said something that reverberated
throughout the country:
throughout the country:
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каза нещо на цялата държава:
05:44
"There is no honor
in honor killings," he said.
in honor killings," he said.
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"Няма никаква чест в убийствата на честта"
05:48
(Applause)
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(Аплодисметни)
05:55
At the Academy Awards in LA,
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В ЛА, в Академията на наградите,
05:59
many of the pundits had written us off,
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много от експертите ни бяха отписали, но
06:01
but we felt that in order
for the legislative push to continue,
for the legislative push to continue,
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продължихме натискът за законова промяна
06:05
we needed that win.
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имахме нужда да спечелим.
06:07
And then, my name was announced,
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Тогава обявиха името ми,
06:10
and I bounded up the steps in flip-flops,
because I didn't expect to be onstage.
because I didn't expect to be onstage.
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качих се на сцената по джапанки,
защото не очаквах да спечеля.
защото не очаквах да спечеля.
06:14
(Laughter)
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(Смях)
06:16
And I accepted the statue,
telling a billion people watching
telling a billion people watching
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Взех статуетката и казах на милиарди хора
06:20
that the prime minister of Pakistan
had pledged to change the law,
had pledged to change the law,
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министър-прецедателя на Пакистан обеща да
06:24
because, of course, that's one way
of holding the prime minister accountable.
of holding the prime minister accountable.
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промени закона, той е отговорен.
06:27
(Laughter)
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(Смях)
06:29
And --
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И
06:30
(Applause)
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(Аплодисменти)
06:35
Back home, the Oscar win
dominated headline news,
dominated headline news,
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Обратно у дома спечеления Оскар беше
06:40
and more people joined the fray,
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навсякъде по новините, а хората се
06:42
asking for the loophole
in the law to be closed.
in the law to be closed.
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присъединиха в затварянето на вратичката.
06:46
And then in October 2016,
after months of campaigning,
after months of campaigning,
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През октомври 2016, след месеци протести
06:50
the loophole was indeed closed.
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вратичката в закона беше затворена.
06:53
(Applause)
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(Аплодисменти)
06:57
And now men who kill women
in the name of honor
in the name of honor
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Сега, когато мъже убиват жени в името на
07:00
receive life imprisonment.
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честта ще бъдат осъдени.
07:03
(Applause)
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(Аплодисменти)
07:08
Yet, the very next day,
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Независимо това на следващия ден
07:11
a woman was killed in the name of honor,
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жена беше убита в името на честта,
07:13
and then another and another.
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а след това още една и още една.
07:17
We had impacted legislation,
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Имахме влияние въху законодателството
07:20
but that wasn't enough.
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но това не беше достатъчно.
07:22
We needed to take the film
and its message to the heartland,
and its message to the heartland,
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Трябваше да отведем филмът към сърцето
07:27
to small towns and villages
across the country.
across the country.
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на хората в малки градове и села.
07:31
You see, for me, cinema can play
a very positive role
a very positive role
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За мен киното може да играе позитивна роля
07:37
in changing and molding society
in a positive direction.
in a positive direction.
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променяйки обществото към позитивна страна
07:43
But how would we get to these places?
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Но как да стигнем до тези места?
07:47
How would we get to
these small towns and villages?
these small towns and villages?
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Как ще стигнем до малките градове и села?
07:52
We built a mobile cinema,
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Ние построихме мобилно кино.
07:54
a truck that would roll through
the length and breadth of the country,
the length and breadth of the country,
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Камион, който щеше да премине
през страната
през страната
07:59
that would stop
in small towns and villages.
in small towns and villages.
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който щеше да спре в малки градове и села.
08:03
We outfitted it with a large screen
that would light up the night sky,
that would light up the night sky,
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Сложихме му големи светещи екрани
08:07
and we called it "Look But With Love."
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и го кръстихме "Гледай, но с любов".
08:10
It would give the community
an opportunity to come together
an opportunity to come together
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Щеше да даде шанс на обществото да дойде
08:13
and watch films in the evening.
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заедно и да гледа филми вечерта.
08:15
We knew we could attract men and children
in the mobile cinema.
in the mobile cinema.
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Знаехме, че ще привлечем вниманието
на деца и мъже.
на деца и мъже.
08:20
They would come out and watch.
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Те щяха да излизат навън и да гледат.
08:22
But what about women?
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Но какво става с жените?
08:23
In these small, rural communities
that are segregated,
that are segregated,
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В малките изолирани общности
08:27
how would we get women to come out?
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как щяха жените да излязат навън?
08:29
We had to work with prevailing
cultural norms in order to do so,
cultural norms in order to do so,
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Трябше да работим с културните им норми,
08:33
and so we built a cinema
inside the cinema,
inside the cinema,
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за това построихме кино в киното, сложихме
08:36
outfitting it with seats and a screen
where women could go inside and watch
where women could go inside and watch
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седалки и екрани, където жените да влязат и
08:40
without fearing
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да гледат без да се страхуват
08:42
or being embarrassed
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или да се чувстват засрамени
08:43
or harassment.
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или тормозени.
08:46
We began to introduce everyone
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Започнахме да запознаваме хората с
08:49
to films that opened up their minds
to competing worldviews,
to competing worldviews,
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филми, които отварят умовете им,
насърчихме
насърчихме
08:54
encouraging children
to build critical thinking
to build critical thinking
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децата да изградят критично мислене, за да
08:57
so that they could ask questions.
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могат да задават своите въпроси.
08:59
And we expanded our scope
beyond honor killings,
beyond honor killings,
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И разширихме обхвата си извън
тези убийства
тези убийства
09:03
talking about income inequality,
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говорейки за неравенството на доходите,
09:06
the environment,
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околната среда, етническите
09:07
talking about ethnic relations,
religious tolerance and compassion.
religious tolerance and compassion.
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отношения, религиозната търпимост
09:12
And inside, for women,
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А вътре, при жените показахме
09:14
we showed them films
in which they were heroes, not victims,
in which they were heroes, not victims,
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филми, където те са герои, а не жертви, че
09:17
and we told them how they could navigate
the court system, the police system,
the court system, the police system,
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те могат да се движат в държавната система
09:21
educating them about their rights,
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показахме им правата, които имат,
09:23
telling them where they could seek refuge
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къде те могат да намерят убежище
09:25
if they were victims of domestic violence,
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Ако те са жертви на домашно насилие,
09:29
where they could go and get help.
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къде могат да намерят помощ
09:32
We were surprised that we were
welcomed in so many of the places
welcomed in so many of the places
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Бяхме изненадани по начина по който
09:36
that we went to.
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повечето ни посрещаха.
09:40
Many of the towns had never seen
television or social media,
television or social media,
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Повечето от тях не бяха виждали телевизия
09:44
and they were eager
for their children to learn.
for their children to learn.
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бяха нетърпеливи децата им да се научат.
09:47
But there was also pushback and blowback
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Но също така ни отблъскваха заради идеите,
09:49
with the ideas that
we were bringing with us.
we were bringing with us.
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които носехме със себе си.
09:53
Two members of our mobile
cinema team resigned
cinema team resigned
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Двама членове от нашето мобилно кино
напуснаха поради заплахи от селата.
09:57
because of threats from villages.
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10:00
And in one of the villages
that we were screening in,
that we were screening in,
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В едно от селата, в които имаше прожекция
10:02
they shut it down
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ни затвориха, защото не
10:04
and said they didn't want the women
to know about their rights.
to know about their rights.
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искали жените им
да разбират за правата си.
да разбират за правата си.
10:07
But on the flip side, in another village
when a screening was shut down,
when a screening was shut down,
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Но от друга страна, в друго село един
10:11
a plainclothes policeman got up
and ordered it back on,
and ordered it back on,
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полицай се изправи и нареди да го пуснат
10:15
and stood by, protecting our team,
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и застана до нас, да защити отбора ни
10:17
telling everyone that it was his duty
to expose the young minds
to expose the young minds
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негов дълг бе да изложи младите умове
10:21
to an alternative worldview
and to this content.
and to this content.
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на алтернативен светоглед.
10:25
He was an ordinary hero.
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Той беше обикновен герой.
10:26
But we've come across
so many of these heroes on our journey.
so many of these heroes on our journey.
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Срещнахме по пътя си толкова много герои.
10:31
In another town, where the men said
that only they could watch
that only they could watch
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В друг град, мъж каза,
че само те можели да
че само те можели да
10:34
and the women had to stay home,
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гледат, а жените трябвало да
10:36
a community elder got up,
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останат у дома,
старейшината в обществото
старейшината в обществото
10:38
got a group of people together,
had a discussion,
had a discussion,
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събра група от хора за да го обсъдят и
10:41
and then both men and women
sat down to watch together.
sat down to watch together.
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жените и мъжете седнаха заедно да гледат.
10:47
We are documenting what we are doing.
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Ние документираме това, което правим.
10:50
We talk to people.
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Говорим на хората.
10:52
We adapt.
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Адаптираме се.
10:53
We change the lineup of films.
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Променяме подреждането на филмите.
10:56
When we show men films
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Когато показваме филмите на мъжете, където
10:59
that show perpetrators
of violence behind bars,
of violence behind bars,
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са извършителите на насилие зад решетките
11:02
we want to hit home the fact
that if men are violent,
that if men are violent,
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искаме да покажем,
че ако мъжът е агресивен
че ако мъжът е агресивен
11:05
there will be repercussions.
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то ще има последствия.
11:07
But we also show films where men
are seen as championing women,
are seen as championing women,
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Показваме им, където мъжете са защитници
11:13
because we want to encourage them
to take on those roles.
to take on those roles.
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защото искаме да поемат тези роли.
11:18
For women, when we show them films
in which they are heads of state
in which they are heads of state
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На жените им показваме филми, където са
11:22
or where they are lawyers
and doctors and in leadership positions,
and doctors and in leadership positions,
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адвокати или доктори или лидери
11:26
we talk to them and encourage them
to step into those roles.
to step into those roles.
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окуражаваме ги да те да поемат тези роли.
11:30
We are changing the way
people in these villages interact,
people in these villages interact,
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Ние променяме начина, по който хората в
тези села общуват, както и на други места
11:35
and we're taking our learnings
into other places.
into other places.
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11:38
Recently, a group contacted us
and wants to take our mobile cinema
and wants to take our mobile cinema
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Скоро, група ни се обади и иска да отведем
11:43
to Bangladesh and Syria,
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мобилното кино до Бангладеш и Сирия
за да споделим своите познания.
11:44
and we're sharing our learnings with them.
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Това е много важно за нас да разпространим
11:47
We feel it's really important
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по целия свят какво правим.
11:50
to take what we are doing
and spread it across the world.
and spread it across the world.
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В малки градове и села покрай Пакистан
11:55
In small towns and villages
across Pakistan,
across Pakistan,
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мъжете променят отнешението си към жените
11:58
men are changing the way
they interact with women,
they interact with women,
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12:01
children are changing
the way they see the world,
the way they see the world,
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децата променят начина,
по който виждат света
по който виждат света
12:04
one village at a time, through cinema.
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едно село, чрез киното.
Благодаря ви.
12:07
Thank you.
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(Аплодисменти)
12:08
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy - FilmmakerSharmeen Obaid-Chinoy makes documentary films. She's the founder of the Citizens Archive of Pakistan, dedicated to preserving Pakistan's history.
Why you should listen
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy is a film producer and journalist who has worked on 14 films for major networks in the United States and Britain. Her films include Children of the Taliban (with Dan Edge), The Lost Generation (about Iraqi exiles) and Afghanistan Unveiled. Her work has taken her around the world, where she has filmed and worked with refugees, women’s advocacy groups and human rights defenders. By bringing their voices to the outside world, she has often helped them bring about a critical change in their community.
Obaid-Chinoy helped found the Citizens Archive of Pakistan, a nonprofit, volunteer organization that fosters and promotes community-wide interest in the culture and history of Pakistan. Citizens Archive works with thousands of children, teaching critical thinking skills and instilling a sense of pride about their history and identity.
Obaid-Chinoy is a TED2010 Fellow.
Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy | Speaker | TED.com