TEDWomen 2017
Shameem Akhtar: To learn is to be free
Shameem Akhtar: Aprendre és ser lliure
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Shameem Akhtar va fingir ser un noi durant la seva infantesa al Pakistan per poder rebre els privilegis que rarament obtenen les nenes pakistaneses: jugar a fora i anar a l'escola. En una reveladora xerrada personal, Akhtar relata com la oportunitat de rebre una educació va canviar el curs de la seva vida - i finalment, va canviar la cultura de la seva població, en la qual avui en dia totes les nenes van a l'escola.
Shameem Akhtar - Writer, social worker
Shameem Akhtar is a teacher working to empower girls in Sindh, a province in the southeast of Pakistan. Full bio
Shameem Akhtar is a teacher working to empower girls in Sindh, a province in the southeast of Pakistan. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
A room full of boys.
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Una classe plena de nens.
00:15
A girl child, hardly nine
or ten years old,
or ten years old,
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Una nena, amb prou feines,
de nou o deu anys,
de nou o deu anys,
00:19
she is sitting in the center
of the room, surrounded by books.
of the room, surrounded by books.
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està asseguda al mig de la classe,
entre llibres.
entre llibres.
00:25
She is the only girl among boys,
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És l'única nena entre els nois,
00:27
and is barely missing
her female cousins and friends,
her female cousins and friends,
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a penes troba a faltar
les seves cosines i amigues
les seves cosines i amigues
00:32
who are inside the home
instead of the school,
instead of the school,
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que són a casa
en comptes de ser a l'escola,
en comptes de ser a l'escola,
00:37
because they are not allowed
to get an education alongside boys.
to get an education alongside boys.
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perquè no se les permet
rebre educació amb els nens.
rebre educació amb els nens.
00:44
There isn't a single functional
girls' school in her village.
girls' school in her village.
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No existeix cap escola de nenes
funcional en el seu poble.
funcional en el seu poble.
00:50
She was born in a Baloch
conservative tribe,
conservative tribe,
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Va néixer en una tribu
convervadora Balutxi,
convervadora Balutxi,
00:54
where women and girls
are a matter of honor.
are a matter of honor.
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on les dones i les nenes
són qüestió d'honor.
són qüestió d'honor.
01:00
She is the eldest in her family,
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És la més gran de la família,
01:02
and when she was about to be born,
her parents wanted a baby boy.
her parents wanted a baby boy.
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i tot just abans de néixer,
els pares volien un nen.
els pares volien un nen.
01:08
But they had bad luck;
a baby girl arrived.
a baby girl arrived.
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Van tenir mala sort
i els va néixer una nena.
i els va néixer una nena.
01:12
It was customary in her family
to keep girls inside the homes.
to keep girls inside the homes.
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Era habitual en la seva família
que les nenes es quedessin a casa.
que les nenes es quedessin a casa.
01:18
But her uncle, who was
a university graduate,
a university graduate,
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Però el seu oncle,
graduat universitari,
graduat universitari,
01:22
he wanted to give her
an opportunity to see the world,
an opportunity to see the world,
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volia donar-li la possibilitat
de veure el món,
de veure el món,
01:27
to be part of the society.
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de ser part de la societat.
01:30
Luckily, she has a name
that can be used for both men and women.
that can be used for both men and women.
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Per sort, la nena té un nom
que pot ser d'home o de dona.
que pot ser d'home o de dona.
01:36
So he saw a chance
to change her course of life.
to change her course of life.
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L'oncle va veure la possibilitat
de canviar el curs de la seva vida.
de canviar el curs de la seva vida.
01:40
So he decided to raise her as a boy.
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Així que la va criar com un nen.
01:44
At three months old,
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Als tres mesos d'edat,
01:46
she went from being
a baby girl, to baby boy.
a baby girl, to baby boy.
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va passar de ser nena
a ser nen.
a ser nen.
01:51
She is given a boy's getup.
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Se li dóna roba de nen.
01:54
She is allowed to go outside
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Se li permet sortir a fora
01:57
and get an education alongside boys.
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i rebre educació amb els nens.
01:59
She is free, she is confident.
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És lliure, segura.
02:03
She observes, she notes
small, everyday injustices
small, everyday injustices
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Observa, i nota les petites
injustícies de cada dia
injustícies de cada dia
02:09
faced by women and girls in her village.
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que pateixen les altres dones
i nenes del seu poble.
i nenes del seu poble.
02:14
When newspapers arrive at her home,
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Quan el diari arriva a casa,
02:17
she watches as it passes
from the eldest man to the youngest man.
from the eldest man to the youngest man.
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veu com es passa
de l'home més gran al més jove.
de l'home més gran al més jove.
02:24
By the time women get hold of the paper,
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Quan les dones, per fi, agafen el diari,
02:29
it is old news.
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ja són notícies passades.
02:31
She completes her eighth-grade year.
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Acaba el segon curs de secundària.
02:35
Now fear starts to come in.
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I comença a arribar la por.
02:38
This will be the end of her education,
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Aquest serà el final de la seva educació,
02:42
because the only option
for high school for further study
for high school for further study
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perquè l'única opció
de continuar els estudis
de continuar els estudis
02:47
is five kilometers away.
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és a cinc kilòmetres de distància.
02:49
Boys have bicycles, they are free.
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Els nens tenen bicicletes.
Són lliures.
Són lliures.
02:53
But she knows
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Sap que
02:54
her father will not allow
her to travel on her own,
her to travel on her own,
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el seu pare no li permetrà
viatjar sola,
viatjar sola,
03:00
even if she were posing as a boy.
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encara que fingeixi ser un noi.
03:05
"I can't let you do that.
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"No t'ho puc permetre.
03:08
And I don't have the time
to walk you there and back.
to walk you there and back.
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I no tinc temps de portar-te
amunt i avall.
amunt i avall.
03:12
Sorry, it is impossible."
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Ho sento. No és possible."
03:15
She gets very upset.
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Ella s'entristeix.
03:18
But a miracle happened.
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Però ocorre un miracle.
03:21
A long-distance relative
offers to teach her
offers to teach her
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Un parent llunyà
s'ofereix a fer-li les classes
s'ofereix a fer-li les classes
03:24
ninth- and tenth-grade curricula
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dels dos cursos següents
03:27
during summer vacations.
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durant les vacances d'estiu.
03:29
This is how she completed
her matriculation.
her matriculation.
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I així va poder completar
els estudis.
els estudis.
03:34
The girl whom I am talking about to you
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La nena de qui us estic parlant
03:38
is me, Shameem,
who is talking before you now.
who is talking before you now.
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sóc jo, Shameem,
qui us parla ara a vosaltres.
qui us parla ara a vosaltres.
03:42
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
03:49
Throughout centuries, people
have been fighting for their identity.
have been fighting for their identity.
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Al llarg dels segles, la gent
ha lluitat per la seva identitat.
ha lluitat per la seva identitat.
03:53
People have been loved, privileged,
because of their identity,
because of their identity,
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La gent ha estat estimada, privilegiada
gràcies a la seva identitat,
gràcies a la seva identitat,
03:58
their nationality, their ethnicity.
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nacionalitat, etnicitat.
04:00
Again, people have been hated, denied,
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Una vegada més, s'ha odiat i negat a gent
04:04
because of their nationality,
their identity,
their identity,
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degut a la seva nacionalitat,
identitat,
identitat,
04:08
their race, their gender, their religion.
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raça, gènere i religió.
04:12
Identity determines your position
in society, wherever you live.
in society, wherever you live.
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La identitat determina la teva posició
a la societat, no importa on visquis.
a la societat, no importa on visquis.
04:17
So if you ask me, I would say
I hate this question of identity.
I hate this question of identity.
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Si se'm pregunta, diria que odio
aquesta qüestió d'identitat.
aquesta qüestió d'identitat.
04:23
Millions of girls in this world
are being denied their basic rights
are being denied their basic rights
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A milions de nenes en aquest món
se'ls neguen els seus drets bàsics
se'ls neguen els seus drets bàsics
04:29
because of being female.
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pel fet de ser dones.
04:31
I would have faced the same,
if I hadn't been raised as a boy.
if I hadn't been raised as a boy.
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M'hi hauria trobat jo mateixa
si no m'haguessin criat com un nen.
si no m'haguessin criat com un nen.
04:38
I was determined to continue my studies,
to learn, to be free.
to learn, to be free.
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Estava convençuda de continuar
els estudis, aprendre, ser lliure.
els estudis, aprendre, ser lliure.
04:44
After my schooling, even enrolling
in college was not easy for me.
in college was not easy for me.
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Després de l'escolarització,
entrar a l'institut no va ser fàcil.
entrar a l'institut no va ser fàcil.
04:50
I went on a three-day hunger strike.
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Vaig fer una vaga de fam de tres dies.
04:53
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
04:54
Then, I got permission for college.
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I se'm va donar permís
per anar a l'institut.
per anar a l'institut.
04:57
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
04:59
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
05:01
In that way, I completed my college.
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D'aquesta manera,
vaig completar els meus estudis.
vaig completar els meus estudis.
05:06
Two years later, when the time came
for me to go to university,
for me to go to university,
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Dos anys més tard, quan va arribar
el moment d'anar a la universitat,
el moment d'anar a la universitat,
05:11
my father turned his eyes,
his attention, to my younger brothers.
his attention, to my younger brothers.
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el meu pare va posar tota l'atenció
als meus germans petits.
als meus germans petits.
05:16
They need to be in school,
secure jobs and support the family.
secure jobs and support the family.
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Necessiten anar a l'escola,
trobar feina, ajudar a la familia.
trobar feina, ajudar a la familia.
05:22
And as a woman, my place was to be home.
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Com a dona, el meu lloc era a casa.
05:27
But, I don't give up.
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Però no em rendeixo.
05:29
I sign up for a two-year program
to become a lady health visitor.
to become a lady health visitor.
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M'apunto a un programa de dos anys
per ser assistenta sanitària.
per ser assistenta sanitària.
05:34
Then I hear about Thardeep
Rural Development Program,
Rural Development Program,
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Em vaig assabentar del programa
de desenvolupament rural Thardeep,
de desenvolupament rural Thardeep,
05:38
a non-profit organization
working to empower rural communities.
working to empower rural communities.
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una organització sense ànims de lucre
que empodera comunitats rurals.
que empodera comunitats rurals.
05:44
I sneak away.
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Em vaig escapar.
05:45
I travel five hours
to interview for a position.
to interview for a position.
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Vaig viatjar 5 hores
per l'entrevista.
per l'entrevista.
05:51
It is the first time I am the farthest
from my home I have ever been.
from my home I have ever been.
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És la primera vegada que
sóc tan lluny de casa.
sóc tan lluny de casa.
05:56
I am closest to my freedom
I have ever been.
I have ever been.
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Mai he estat tan a prop
de la meva llibertat.
de la meva llibertat.
06:00
Luckily, I got the job,
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Per sort, em van donar la feina,
06:02
but the hardest part is facing my father.
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però la dificultat és encarar-me
al meu pare.
al meu pare.
06:06
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
06:08
Relatives are already scaring him
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Els parents ja l'espanten
06:12
about his daughter wandering off,
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dient que la seva filla marxarà,
06:16
teasing him with talk
of his daughter crossing the border.
of his daughter crossing the border.
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bromegen dient que creuarà
la frontera.
la frontera.
06:21
When I return home,
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Quan arribo a casa,
06:23
I want nothing more than just
to accept the position in Thardeep.
to accept the position in Thardeep.
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no vull res més que acceptar
la plaça a Thardeep.
la plaça a Thardeep.
06:29
So that night, I packed
all my things in a bag,
all my things in a bag,
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Aquella mateixa nit,
vaig fer les maletes,
vaig fer les maletes,
06:34
and I walked into
my father's room and told him,
my father's room and told him,
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vaig anar a l'habitació del meu pare
i li vaig dir,
i li vaig dir,
06:40
"Tomorrow morning,
the bus is going to come in.
the bus is going to come in.
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"Demà al matí arribarà el bus.
06:43
If you believe in me,
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Si creus en mi,
06:44
if you believe in me,
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si creus en mi,
06:46
you will wake me up
and take me to the bus station.
and take me to the bus station.
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em despertaràs
i em portaràs a l'estació de bus.
i em portaràs a l'estació de bus.
06:52
If you don't, I'll understand."
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Si no, ho entendré."
06:55
Then I went to sleep.
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Vaig anar a dormir.
06:57
The next morning, my father
was standing beside me
was standing beside me
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Al matí, el meu pare
estava al meu costat
estava al meu costat
07:02
to take me to the bus stop.
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per portar-me a l'estació.
07:04
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
07:08
That day, I understood
the importance of words.
the importance of words.
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Aquell dia vaig entendre
la importància de les paraules.
la importància de les paraules.
07:13
I understood how words affect our hearts,
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Vaig entendre com les paraules
poden afectar els nostres cors,
poden afectar els nostres cors,
07:17
how words play
an important role in our lives.
an important role in our lives.
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com les paraules tenen un paper important
a les nostres vides.
a les nostres vides.
07:22
I understood words
are more powerful than fighting.
are more powerful than fighting.
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Vaig entendre que les paraules
poden ser més fortes que les lluites.
poden ser més fortes que les lluites.
07:27
At TRDP, I saw there was a Pakistan
which I didn't know,
which I didn't know,
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En el programa, vaig veure un Pakistan
que no coneixia,
que no coneixia,
07:33
a country much more complex
than I had realized.
than I had realized.
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un país molt més complexe
del que m'havia pensat.
del que m'havia pensat.
07:38
Until that, I thought
I had a difficult life.
I had a difficult life.
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Fins llavors, pensava que havia tingut
una vida difícil.
una vida difícil.
07:41
But here, I saw what women in other parts
of Pakistan were experiencing.
of Pakistan were experiencing.
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Però allí vaig veure el que patien
les dones d'altres parts de Pakistan.
les dones d'altres parts de Pakistan.
07:49
It really opened my eyes.
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Em va fer obrir els ulls.
07:51
Some women had 11 children
but nothing to feed them.
but nothing to feed them.
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Algunes dones tenien 11 criatures
i no les podien alimentar.
i no les podien alimentar.
07:57
For getting water, they would walk
three hours every day to wells.
three hours every day to wells.
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Havien de caminar tres hores diàries
per aconseguir aigua dels pous.
per aconseguir aigua dels pous.
08:03
The nearest hospital was at least
32 kilometers away.
32 kilometers away.
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L'hospital més proper
estava a 32 kilómetres.
estava a 32 kilómetres.
08:08
So if a woman is in labor,
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Si una dona va de part,
08:10
she travels by camel
to get to the hospital.
to get to the hospital.
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viatja en camell per arribar a l'hospital.
08:15
The distance is great;
she may die on her way.
she may die on her way.
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Hi ha molta distància;
pot morir durant el camí.
pot morir durant el camí.
08:19
So now, this became
more than just a job for me.
more than just a job for me.
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Per mi, ara això s'ha convertit
en més que un treball.
en més que un treball.
08:24
I discovered my power.
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He descobert el meu potencial.
08:28
Now, as I was getting salary,
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Ara que tenia ingressos,
08:30
I started sending back money to my home.
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enviava diners a casa meva.
08:33
Relatives and neighbors
were noticing this.
were noticing this.
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Els familiars i veïns
ho van veure.
ho van veure.
08:36
Now they started to understand
the importance of education.
the importance of education.
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I van començar a entendre
la importància de l'educació.
la importància de l'educació.
08:42
By that time, some other parents
started sending their daughters to school.
started sending their daughters to school.
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En aquell moment, alguns pares
ja enviaven les filles a l'escola.
ja enviaven les filles a l'escola.
08:50
Slowly, it became easier and acceptable
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A poc a poc, era més fàcil i acceptable
08:54
for young women to be in college.
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que les noies anessin a l'institut.
08:57
Today, there isn't a single girl
out of school in my village.
out of school in my village.
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Avui, no hi ha cap nena que no vagi
a l'escola al meu poble.
a l'escola al meu poble.
09:03
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
09:08
Girls are doing jobs
in health sites, even in police.
in health sites, even in police.
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Les noies treballen a la sanitat
fins i tot a la policia.
fins i tot a la policia.
09:13
Life was good.
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Era una bona vida.
09:15
But somewhere in my heart,
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But en algun lloc del meu cor,
09:17
I realized that my region,
beyond my village
beyond my village
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veia que la meva regió,
més enllà del meu poble
més enllà del meu poble
09:23
needs further change.
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necessitava encara més canvis.
09:26
This was also the time
when I joined Acumen Fellowship.
when I joined Acumen Fellowship.
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Va ser el moment que vaig unir-me
a l'organització Acumen.
a l'organització Acumen.
09:30
There, I met leaders like me
across the country.
across the country.
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Allà vaig conèixer líders com jo
d'arreu del país.
d'arreu del país.
09:35
And I saw they are taking
risks in their lives.
risks in their lives.
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I vaig veure que arriscaven
les seves vides.
les seves vides.
09:40
I started to understand
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Vaig començar a entendre
09:44
what leadership really means.
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què significa realment el lideratge.
09:47
So I decided to go back to my region
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Vaig decidir tornar a la meva regió
09:51
and take a position as a teacher
in a remote school,
in a remote school,
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i vaig començar com a professora
en una escola llunyana,
en una escola llunyana,
09:56
a school that I have to reach by bus --
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hi he d'anar amb bus,
10:00
two hours traveling,
every morning and evening.
every morning and evening.
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dues hores de viatge,
matí i tarda.
matí i tarda.
10:05
Though it was hard, on my first day I knew
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Tot i que era dur,
el primer dia vaig veure
el primer dia vaig veure
10:10
I made the right decision.
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que havia pres la decisió correcta.
10:13
The first day I walked into the school,
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El primer dia
que vaig entrar a l'escola,
que vaig entrar a l'escola,
10:16
I saw all these little Shameems
staring back at me --
staring back at me --
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vaig veure tot de petites Shameems
mirant-me
mirant-me
10:20
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
10:22
with dreams in their eyes,
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amb somnis als ulls,
10:24
the same dream of freedom
which I had in my childhood.
which I had in my childhood.
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el mateix somni de llibertat
que tenia de petita.
que tenia de petita.
10:29
So the girls are eager to learn,
but the school is understaffed.
but the school is understaffed.
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Les nenes volen aprendre,
però falta personal a l'escola.
però falta personal a l'escola.
10:34
Girls sit hopeful,
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Les nenes s'asseuen esperançades,
10:38
learn nothing,
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no aprenen res,
10:39
and they leave.
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i marxen.
10:40
I can't bear to see this happening.
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No puc suportar que passi això.
10:43
There was no turning back.
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No hi havia marxa enrere.
10:46
I found my purpose.
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Vaig trobar el meu objectiu.
10:49
I enlisted a few of my friends
to help me to teach.
to help me to teach.
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Vaig aconseguir que alguns amics meus
m'ajudessin amb les classes.
m'ajudessin amb les classes.
10:54
I'm introducing my girls
to the outside world
to the outside world
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Introdueixo a les meves nenes
al món exterior
al món exterior
10:58
by extracurricular activities and books.
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amb activitats extracurriculars
i llibres.
i llibres.
11:02
I share with them the profiles
of the world's best leaders,
of the world's best leaders,
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Els ensenyo els perfils
dels millors líders mundials,
dels millors líders mundials,
11:06
like Martin Luther King
and Nelson Mandela.
and Nelson Mandela.
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com Martin Luther King
i Nelson Mandela.
i Nelson Mandela.
11:10
Last year, a few of our students
went to college.
went to college.
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L'any passat, algunes de les estudiants
van anar a l'institut.
van anar a l'institut.
11:15
For me, I never stop studying.
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Jo mai he acabat d'estudiar.
11:19
Today, I'm working to complete
my PhD in education --
my PhD in education --
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Avui, estic fent
un doctorat en educació
un doctorat en educació
11:24
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
11:27
which will allow me to gain
a management position
a management position
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que em permetrà tenir
una funció directiva
una funció directiva
11:32
in the school system,
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en el sistema escolar,
11:34
and I will be able to make more decisions
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i podré prendre més decisions
11:37
and play a pivotal role in the system.
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i tenir un paper clau en el sistema.
11:42
I believe that without
educating the girls,
educating the girls,
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Crec que sense educar les nenes,
11:46
we may not make world peace.
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no hi haurà pau mundial.
11:49
We may not reduce child marriage.
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No reduirem el matrimoni infantil.
11:52
We may not reduce infant mortality rate.
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No reduirem
la taxa de mortalitat infantil.
la taxa de mortalitat infantil.
11:56
We may not reduce maternal mortality rate.
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No reduirem
la taxa de mortalitat maternal.
la taxa de mortalitat maternal.
12:00
For this, we have to continuously
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Per això, continuament
12:04
and collectively work together.
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i de manera col·lectiva,
hem de treballar junts.
hem de treballar junts.
12:08
At least I am playing my role,
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Almenys faig el meu paper,
12:11
though the destination is not close.
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tot i que la destinació és llunyana.
12:15
The road is not easy.
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El camí no es fàcil.
12:16
But I have dreams in my eyes,
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Però tinc somnis als meus ulls,
12:19
and I am not going to look back now.
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i ara no miraré enrere.
12:24
Thank you.
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Gràcies.
12:25
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shameem Akhtar - Writer, social workerShameem Akhtar is a teacher working to empower girls in Sindh, a province in the southeast of Pakistan.
Why you should listen
Shameem Akhtar is a dedicated and enthusiastic development professional, with special interest in the field of gender, education, social mobilization, emergency/relief, management and literature. She is also engaged in research studies in rural development, doing PhD work at the University of Sindh. She is a member of the Individual Land Organization (Friedrich Naumann Stiftung) and was selected by Acumen Pakistan Fellows 2015 for their one-year course.
Akhtar frequently contributes to print media and literary magazines, work that has brought her close to the study of important social issues like malnutrition, child labor, marginalization and other core problems of the province. She has been active in the training of teachers, children, women and other segments of society in the fields of education, health, livelihood and disaster management under the banner of prestigious organizations in the social service sector.
Shameem Akhtar | Speaker | TED.com