ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shameem Akhtar - Writer, social worker
Shameem Akhtar is a teacher working to empower girls in Sindh, a province in the southeast of Pakistan.

Why you should listen

Shameem Akhtar is a dedicated and enthusiastic development professional, with special interest in the field of gender, education, social mobilization, emergency/relief, management and literature. She is also engaged in research studies in rural development, doing PhD work at the University of Sindh. She is a member of the Individual Land Organization (Friedrich Naumann Stiftung) and was selected by Acumen Pakistan Fellows 2015 for their one-year course.

Akhtar frequently contributes to print media and literary magazines, work that has brought her close to the study of important social issues like malnutrition, child labor, marginalization and other core problems of the province. She has been active in the training of teachers, children, women and other segments of society in the fields of education, health, livelihood and disaster management under the banner of prestigious organizations in the social service sector.

More profile about the speaker
Shameem Akhtar | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2017

Shameem Akhtar: To learn is to be free

Shameem Akhtar: Educação é liberdade

Filmed:
1,293,793 views

Shameem Akhtar se passou por menino na infância para poder usufruir de privilégios negados às meninas paquistanesas: brincar na rua e frequentar a escola. Em uma conversa reveladora, Akhtar conta como a oportunidade de ter uma educação mudou o rumo de sua vida e, por fim, transformou a cultura de sua vila, onde hoje todas as meninas frequentam a escola.
- Writer, social worker
Shameem Akhtar is a teacher working to empower girls in Sindh, a province in the southeast of Pakistan. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
A room full of boys.
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Uma sala cheia de meninos.
00:15
A girl child, hardly nine
or ten years old,
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Uma menina de nove ou dez anos,
00:19
she is sitting in the center
of the room, surrounded by books.
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está nessa sala, cercada de livros.
00:25
She is the only girl among boys,
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Ela é a única menina ali,
00:27
and is barely missing
her female cousins and friends,
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mas não sente falta das primas e amigas
00:32
who are inside the home
instead of the school,
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que estão em casa
em vez de estarem na escola,
00:37
because they are not allowed
to get an education alongside boys.
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porque meninas são proibidas
de ir à escola com os meninos.
00:44
There isn't a single functional
girls' school in her village.
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Não existe escola para as meninas na vila.
00:50
She was born in a Baloch
conservative tribe,
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Ela nasceu em uma tribo conservadora
00:54
where women and girls
are a matter of honor.
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em que mulheres e meninas
devem guardar a honra.
01:00
She is the eldest in her family,
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Ela é a criança mais velha na família.
01:02
and when she was about to be born,
her parents wanted a baby boy.
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Seus pais queriam um filho homem,
01:08
But they had bad luck;
a baby girl arrived.
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mas tiveram o azar de ter uma filha.
01:12
It was customary in her family
to keep girls inside the homes.
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A família costumava manter
as meninas dentro de casa.
01:18
But her uncle, who was
a university graduate,
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Mas seu tio, que se formou na universidade
01:22
he wanted to give her
an opportunity to see the world,
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queria que ela tivesse
a chance de ver o mundo
01:27
to be part of the society.
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e de fazer parte da sociedade.
01:30
Luckily, she has a name
that can be used for both men and women.
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Por sorte, o nome dela era unissex.
01:36
So he saw a chance
to change her course of life.
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E ele viu a chance de mudar a vida dela.
01:40
So he decided to raise her as a boy.
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Ele decidiu criá-la como menino.
01:44
At three months old,
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Aos três meses de vida
01:46
she went from being
a baby girl, to baby boy.
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ela passou a ser um menino.
01:51
She is given a boy's getup.
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Usa roupas de menino.
01:54
She is allowed to go outside
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Agora, ela pode sair à rua
01:57
and get an education alongside boys.
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e frequentar a escola com outros meninos.
01:59
She is free, she is confident.
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É livre e confiante.
02:03
She observes, she notes
small, everyday injustices
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Ela enxerga as pequenas injustiças
02:09
faced by women and girls in her village.
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que as mulheres e meninas da vila
enfrentam diariamente.
02:14
When newspapers arrive at her home,
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Quando a família recebe o jornal,
02:17
she watches as it passes
from the eldest man to the youngest man.
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ela vê que apenas os homens o leem,
do mais velho ao mais jovem.
02:24
By the time women get hold of the paper,
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Quando o jornal chega nas mulheres,
02:29
it is old news.
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as notícias já estão ultrapassadas.
02:31
She completes her eighth-grade year.
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Quando ela termina a oitava série,
02:35
Now fear starts to come in.
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começa a ficar assustada.
02:38
This will be the end of her education,
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Será o fim de sua educação
02:42
because the only option
for high school for further study
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já que a única escola secundária
02:47
is five kilometers away.
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fica a cinco quilômetros.
02:49
Boys have bicycles, they are free.
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Meninos têm bicicletas e são livres.
02:53
But she knows
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Mas ela sabe
02:54
her father will not allow
her to travel on her own,
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que seu pai não a deixará ir sozinha,
03:00
even if she were posing as a boy.
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mesmo ela se passando por menino.
03:05
"I can't let you do that.
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"Não vou deixar você ir sozinha.
03:08
And I don't have the time
to walk you there and back.
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E não tenho tempo para te levar e buscar.
03:12
Sorry, it is impossible."
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Desculpa, mas é impossível."
03:15
She gets very upset.
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Ela fica bastante chateada.
03:18
But a miracle happened.
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Mas então acontece um milagre.
03:21
A long-distance relative
offers to teach her
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Um parente se oferece para ensinar
03:24
ninth- and tenth-grade curricula
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o material do segundo grau
03:27
during summer vacations.
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durante as férias de verão.
03:29
This is how she completed
her matriculation.
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Foi assim que ela completou sua educação.
03:34
The girl whom I am talking about to you
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A menina sobre quem estou falando
03:38
is me, Shameem,
who is talking before you now.
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sou eu, Shameem, aqui diante de vocês.
03:42
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
03:49
Throughout centuries, people
have been fighting for their identity.
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As pessoas lutam
por identidade há séculos.
03:53
People have been loved, privileged,
because of their identity,
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São amadas e privilegiadas
por causa de suas identidades,
03:58
their nationality, their ethnicity.
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nacionalidades ou etnias.
04:00
Again, people have been hated, denied,
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Elas também são odiadas ou negadas
04:04
because of their nationality,
their identity,
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por sua nacionalidade, identidade,
04:08
their race, their gender, their religion.
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por sua raça, gênero ou religião.
04:12
Identity determines your position
in society, wherever you live.
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A identidade determina a posição social.
04:17
So if you ask me, I would say
I hate this question of identity.
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Se me perguntarem, eu direi que odeio
essa questão de identidade.
04:23
Millions of girls in this world
are being denied their basic rights
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Milhões de meninas no mundo
têm seus direitos básicos negados
04:29
because of being female.
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apenas por serem mulheres.
04:31
I would have faced the same,
if I hadn't been raised as a boy.
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Seria assim comigo, se eu não tivesse
sido criada como menino.
04:38
I was determined to continue my studies,
to learn, to be free.
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Eu estava decidida a continuar
os estudos, a aprender, a ser livre.
04:44
After my schooling, even enrolling
in college was not easy for me.
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Não foi fácil conseguir
permissão para a faculdade.
04:50
I went on a three-day hunger strike.
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Fiz greve de fome por três dias.
04:53
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
04:54
Then, I got permission for college.
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Só então consegui permissão.
04:57
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
04:59
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
05:01
In that way, I completed my college.
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Foi assim que fiz a faculdade.
05:06
Two years later, when the time came
for me to go to university,
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Dois anos depois, quando eu iria
para a universidade,
05:11
my father turned his eyes,
his attention, to my younger brothers.
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meu pai se voltou para meus irmãos.
05:16
They need to be in school,
secure jobs and support the family.
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Eles precisavam de educação para conseguir
emprego e sustentar a família.
05:22
And as a woman, my place was to be home.
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Eu sou mulher, meu lugar era em casa.
05:27
But, I don't give up.
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Mas eu não desisti.
05:29
I sign up for a two-year program
to become a lady health visitor.
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Eu me inscrevi em um curso de dois anos
para agente comunitário de saúde.
05:34
Then I hear about Thardeep
Rural Development Program,
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Ouvi falar do Programa
de Desenvolvimento Rural em Thardeep,
05:38
a non-profit organization
working to empower rural communities.
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uma ONG que trabalhava
na capacitação das comunidades rurais.
05:44
I sneak away.
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Eu saí escondida
05:45
I travel five hours
to interview for a position.
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e viajei cinco horas
para uma entrevista de emprego.
05:51
It is the first time I am the farthest
from my home I have ever been.
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Era a primeira vez
que eu estava tão longe de casa.
05:56
I am closest to my freedom
I have ever been.
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Estava mais perto do que nunca
de conseguir minha liberdade.
06:00
Luckily, I got the job,
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Por sorte, consegui o emprego,
06:02
but the hardest part is facing my father.
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mas o mais difícil foi encarar meu pai.
06:06
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
06:08
Relatives are already scaring him
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Os parentes ficavam falando
06:12
about his daughter wandering off,
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sobre como eu saí sozinha,
06:16
teasing him with talk
of his daughter crossing the border.
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dizendo que eu tinha cruzado a fronteira.
06:21
When I return home,
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Quando voltei para casa,
06:23
I want nothing more than just
to accept the position in Thardeep.
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tudo que eu queria era aceitar
o trabalho em Thardeep.
06:29
So that night, I packed
all my things in a bag,
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Naquela noite, fiz minha mala,
06:34
and I walked into
my father's room and told him,
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entrei no quarto do meu pai e disse:
06:40
"Tomorrow morning,
the bus is going to come in.
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"Amanhã cedo o ônibus vai passar.
06:43
If you believe in me,
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Se você tem fé em mim,
06:44
if you believe in me,
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se você acredita em mim,
06:46
you will wake me up
and take me to the bus station.
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você vai me acordar
e me levar ao ponto de ônibus.
06:52
If you don't, I'll understand."
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Se não, eu vou entender".
06:55
Then I went to sleep.
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E fui dormir.
06:57
The next morning, my father
was standing beside me
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Na manhã seguinte,
meu pai estava do meu lado,
07:02
to take me to the bus stop.
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andando comigo até o ponto de ônibus.
07:04
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
07:08
That day, I understood
the importance of words.
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Naquele dia eu entendi
a importância das palavras.
07:13
I understood how words affect our hearts,
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Entendi como as palavras
afetam nossos corações,
07:17
how words play
an important role in our lives.
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e como são importantes em nossas vidas.
07:22
I understood words
are more powerful than fighting.
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Entendi que palavras são
mais poderosas do que a violência.
07:27
At TRDP, I saw there was a Pakistan
which I didn't know,
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Em Thardeep, vi um Paquistão
que eu não conhecia,
07:33
a country much more complex
than I had realized.
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um país bem mais complexo
do que eu imaginava.
07:38
Until that, I thought
I had a difficult life.
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Até então, eu achava
que minha vida tinha sido difícil.
07:41
But here, I saw what women in other parts
of Pakistan were experiencing.
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Mas ali, vi a situação de mulheres
de outras partes do país.
07:49
It really opened my eyes.
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Isso abriu meus olhos.
07:51
Some women had 11 children
but nothing to feed them.
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Algumas mulheres tinham 11 filhos
e nenhuma comida para eles.
07:57
For getting water, they would walk
three hours every day to wells.
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Tinham que andar três horas todos os dias
até um poço para pegar água.
08:03
The nearest hospital was at least
32 kilometers away.
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O hospital mais próximo
ficava a 32 quilômetros.
08:08
So if a woman is in labor,
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Uma mulher em trabalho de parto
08:10
she travels by camel
to get to the hospital.
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tem que ir de camelo até o hospital.
08:15
The distance is great;
she may die on her way.
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A distância é grande
e ela pode morrer no caminho.
08:19
So now, this became
more than just a job for me.
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Isso se tornou mais do que um trabalho.
08:24
I discovered my power.
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Descobri meu poder.
08:28
Now, as I was getting salary,
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Agora que eu tinha um salário,
08:30
I started sending back money to my home.
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comecei a mandar dinheiro para casa.
08:33
Relatives and neighbors
were noticing this.
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Parentes e vizinhos começaram a notar.
08:36
Now they started to understand
the importance of education.
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E começaram a entender
a importância da educação.
08:42
By that time, some other parents
started sending their daughters to school.
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Então, outros pais começaram
a mandar suas filhas para a escola.
08:50
Slowly, it became easier and acceptable
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Com o tempo, foram aceitando
08:54
for young women to be in college.
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que mulheres fizessem faculdade.
08:57
Today, there isn't a single girl
out of school in my village.
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Hoje, na minha vila,
não há meninas fora da escola.
09:03
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
09:08
Girls are doing jobs
in health sites, even in police.
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Mulheres estão trabalhando
na saúde e até na polícia.
09:13
Life was good.
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A vida estava ótima.
09:15
But somewhere in my heart,
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Mas, no meu coração,
09:17
I realized that my region,
beyond my village
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percebi que a região além da minha vila
09:23
needs further change.
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precisava mudar.
09:26
This was also the time
when I joined Acumen Fellowship.
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Foi nessa época que entrei
para o programa Acumen Fellowship.
09:30
There, I met leaders like me
across the country.
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Lá, conheci líderes de todo o país.
09:35
And I saw they are taking
risks in their lives.
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E vi que eles assumiam riscos.
09:40
I started to understand
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Comecei a entender
09:44
what leadership really means.
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o que significa ser um líder.
09:47
So I decided to go back to my region
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Então, decidi voltar para minha região
09:51
and take a position as a teacher
in a remote school,
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e trabalhar como professora
em uma escola afastada.
09:56
a school that I have to reach by bus --
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Para chegar à escola, viajo duas horas
10:00
two hours traveling,
every morning and evening.
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todos os dias, ida e volta.
10:05
Though it was hard, on my first day I knew
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Embora seja difícil,
eu soube no primeiro dia
10:10
I made the right decision.
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que fiz a escolha certa.
10:13
The first day I walked into the school,
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No meu primeiro dia na escola,
10:16
I saw all these little Shameems
staring back at me --
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vi todas aquelas Shameens olhando pra mim.
10:20
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
10:22
with dreams in their eyes,
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Vi os sonhos nos olhos delas,
10:24
the same dream of freedom
which I had in my childhood.
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o mesmo sonho de liberdade.
10:29
So the girls are eager to learn,
but the school is understaffed.
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As meninas querem aprender,
mas a escola tem poucos funcionários.
10:34
Girls sit hopeful,
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Se as meninas se sentam, esperançosas,
10:38
learn nothing,
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e não aprendem nada,
10:39
and they leave.
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elas vão embora.
10:40
I can't bear to see this happening.
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Não quero que isso aconteça.
10:43
There was no turning back.
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Não vou desistir.
10:46
I found my purpose.
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Encontrei meu propósito.
10:49
I enlisted a few of my friends
to help me to teach.
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Pedi ajuda para alguns amigos.
10:54
I'm introducing my girls
to the outside world
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Estou mostrando o mundo
para as minhas meninas
10:58
by extracurricular activities and books.
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através de livros
e atividades extracurriculares.
11:02
I share with them the profiles
of the world's best leaders,
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Ensino sobre os maiores líderes mundiais,
11:06
like Martin Luther King
and Nelson Mandela.
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como Martin Luther King e Nelson Mandela.
11:10
Last year, a few of our students
went to college.
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No ano passado, algumas das nossas alunas
entraram para a faculdade.
11:15
For me, I never stop studying.
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Eu nunca parei de estudar.
11:19
Today, I'm working to complete
my PhD in education --
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Estou terminando meu PhD em educação
11:24
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
11:27
which will allow me to gain
a management position
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para poder trabalhar
na administração escolar.
11:32
in the school system,
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11:34
and I will be able to make more decisions
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Assim posso participar das decisões
11:37
and play a pivotal role in the system.
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e ter um papel importante no sistema.
11:42
I believe that without
educating the girls,
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Eu não acredito que chegaremos à paz
11:46
we may not make world peace.
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se não educarmos as meninas.
11:49
We may not reduce child marriage.
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Não conseguiremos reduzir
os casamentos infantis.
11:52
We may not reduce infant mortality rate.
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Não conseguiremos reduzir
a taxa de mortalidade infantil.
11:56
We may not reduce maternal mortality rate.
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Nem reduzir a taxa de mortalidade materna.
12:00
For this, we have to continuously
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Para isso precisamos trabalhar juntos
12:04
and collectively work together.
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continuamente.
12:08
At least I am playing my role,
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Mas estou fazendo minha parte,
12:11
though the destination is not close.
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apesar do objetivo ainda estar longe.
12:15
The road is not easy.
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A estrada não é fácil.
12:16
But I have dreams in my eyes,
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Mas tenho sonhos nos meus olhos
12:19
and I am not going to look back now.
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e não vou desistir.
12:24
Thank you.
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Obrigada.
12:25
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
Translated by Tailine Vendramini
Reviewed by Cláudia Sander

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shameem Akhtar - Writer, social worker
Shameem Akhtar is a teacher working to empower girls in Sindh, a province in the southeast of Pakistan.

Why you should listen

Shameem Akhtar is a dedicated and enthusiastic development professional, with special interest in the field of gender, education, social mobilization, emergency/relief, management and literature. She is also engaged in research studies in rural development, doing PhD work at the University of Sindh. She is a member of the Individual Land Organization (Friedrich Naumann Stiftung) and was selected by Acumen Pakistan Fellows 2015 for their one-year course.

Akhtar frequently contributes to print media and literary magazines, work that has brought her close to the study of important social issues like malnutrition, child labor, marginalization and other core problems of the province. She has been active in the training of teachers, children, women and other segments of society in the fields of education, health, livelihood and disaster management under the banner of prestigious organizations in the social service sector.

More profile about the speaker
Shameem Akhtar | Speaker | TED.com