TED2018
Steve Boyes: How we're saving one of Earth's last wild places
Steve Boyes: Kako čuvamo jedno od zadnjih divljih mjesta na Zemlji
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Navigirajući područjima gdje ima vrlo teritorijalnih nilskih konja i aktivnih minskih polja, TED Fellow Steve Boyes i tim znanstvenika su putovali kroz ušće Okavangoa, najveću preostalu afričku močvarnu divljinu, kako bi proučili i očuvali ovo iskonsko stanište od sve veće prijetnje koju donosi razvoj. U ovom očaravajućem govoru prepunom slika, dijeli svoj rad detaljnih znanstvenih istraživanja u nadi za očuvanjem ove ogromne, krhke divljine.
Steve Boyes - Conservation biologist
Steve Boyes is working to study and conserve the endangered Okavango Delta in Botswana. Full bio
Steve Boyes is working to study and conserve the endangered Okavango Delta in Botswana. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Visible from space,
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Vidljivo iz svemira
00:13
the Okavango Delta
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ušće Okavangoa
00:15
is Africa's largest remaining
intact wetland wilderness.
intact wetland wilderness.
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je najveća preostala afrička
netaknuta močvarna divljina.
netaknuta močvarna divljina.
00:20
This shining delta in landlocked Botswana
is the jewel of the Kalahari,
is the jewel of the Kalahari,
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Sjajno ušće u kopnenoj Bocvani
je dijamant Kalaharija,
je dijamant Kalaharija,
00:26
more valuable than diamonds
to the world's largest diamond producer
to the world's largest diamond producer
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vrjednije od dijamanata
najvećem svjetskom proizvođaču
najvećem svjetskom proizvođaču
00:30
and celebrated in 2014
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i 2014. je slavila
00:32
as our planet's 1000th
UNESCO World Heritage Site.
UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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kao tisućito mjesto na UNESCO-vom
popisu Svjetske Baštine.
popisu Svjetske Baštine.
00:36
Now, what you see here
are the two major tributaries,
are the two major tributaries,
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Ovo što vidite ovdje su dva glavna pritoka
00:39
the Cuito and the Cubango,
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Cuito i Cubango,
00:41
disappearing up north
into the little-known Angolan highlands.
into the little-known Angolan highlands.
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kako nestaju prema sjeveru
u slabo znana gorja Angole.
u slabo znana gorja Angole.
00:45
This is the largest undeveloped
river basin on the planet,
river basin on the planet,
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Ovo je najveći nerazvijeni
rječni bazen na svijetu,
rječni bazen na svijetu,
00:49
spanning an area larger than California.
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proteže se područjem većim od Kalifornije.
00:53
These vast, undeveloped Angolan
watersheds were frozen in time
watersheds were frozen in time
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Ova ogromna, nerazvijena angolska
razvođa su bila zamrznuta u vremenu
razvođa su bila zamrznuta u vremenu
00:57
by 27 years of civil war.
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zbog 27 godina građanskog rata.
00:59
In fact, Africa's largest tank battle
since World War II
since World War II
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Ustvari, najveća afrička bitka tenkovima
od Drugog svjetskog rada
od Drugog svjetskog rada
01:03
was fought over a bridge
crossing the Okavango's Cuito River.
crossing the Okavango's Cuito River.
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bila je zbog mosta koji prelazi
preko rijeke Cuito.
preko rijeke Cuito.
01:07
There on the right,
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Tamo desno,
01:08
disappearing off into the unknown,
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nestajući u nepoznato,
01:10
into the "Terra do fim do mundo" --
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u "zemlju s kraja svijeta"
01:12
the land at the end of the earth,
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zemlju na kraju svijeta,
01:14
as it was known by the first
Portuguese explorers.
Portuguese explorers.
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kao što je bilo znano prvim
portugalskim istraživačima.
portugalskim istraživačima.
01:18
In 2001, at the age of 22,
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2001., kada sam imao 22 godine,
01:21
I took a job as head of housekeeping
at Vundumtiki Camp
at Vundumtiki Camp
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prihvatio sam posao glavnog
kućepazitelja u kampu Vundumtiki
kućepazitelja u kampu Vundumtiki
01:25
in the Okavango Delta ...
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u ušću Okavangoa...
01:27
a patchwork mosaic of channels,
floodplains, lagoons
floodplains, lagoons
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krparija mozaika kanala,
naplavnih nizina, laguna
naplavnih nizina, laguna
01:32
and thousands upon thousands
of islands to explore.
of islands to explore.
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i na tisuće otoka
koji čekaju biti otkriveni.
koji čekaju biti otkriveni.
01:36
Home to the largest remaining
population of elephants on the planet.
population of elephants on the planet.
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Dom najvećoj preostaloj
populaciji slonova na ovom planetu.
populaciji slonova na ovom planetu.
01:40
Rhinos are airlifted in C130s
to find sanctuary in this wilderness.
to find sanctuary in this wilderness.
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Nosorozi su prevezeni avionom
kako bi pronašli mir u ovoj divljini.
kako bi pronašli mir u ovoj divljini.
01:46
Lion,
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Lav,
01:47
leopard,
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leopard,
01:48
hyena,
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hijena,
01:49
wild dog,
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divlji pas,
01:50
cheetah,
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gepard,
01:52
ancient baobab trees
that stand like cathedrals
that stand like cathedrals
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drevno drveće baobab
koje stoji poput katedrale
koje stoji poput katedrale
01:56
under the Milky Way.
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ispod Mliječne Staze.
01:57
Here, I discovered something obvious:
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Ovdje sam otkrio nešto očito:
02:01
wilderness is our natural habitat, too.
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divljina je i naše prirodno stanište.
02:04
We need these last wild places
to reconnect with who we really are.
to reconnect with who we really are.
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Trebamo ta zadnja divlja mjesta
da se povežemo s onime tko smo.
da se povežemo s onime tko smo.
02:10
We --
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Mi --
02:11
all seven billion of us --
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Svih sedam milijardi --
02:12
must never forget
we are a biological species
we are a biological species
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ne smijemo nikad zaboraviti
da smo biološka vrsta
da smo biološka vrsta
02:16
forever bound to this
particular biological world.
particular biological world.
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zauvijek vezana za ovaj biološki svijet.
02:19
Like the waves connected to the ocean,
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Kao što su valovi povezani oceanom,
02:21
we cannot exist apart from it --
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ne možemo postojati bez njega --
02:23
a constant flow of atoms and energy
between individuals and species
between individuals and species
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stalni protok atoma i energije
između pojedinaca i vrsta
između pojedinaca i vrsta
02:27
around the world in a day
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oko svijeta u jednom danu
02:29
and out into the cosmos.
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i u svemiru.
02:33
Our fates are forever connected
to the millions of species
to the millions of species
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Naše sudbine su zauvijek povezane
s milijunima vrsta
s milijunima vrsta
02:36
we rely on directly
and indirectly every day.
and indirectly every day.
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na koje se izravno i neizravno
oslanjamo svaki dan.
oslanjamo svaki dan.
02:42
Four years ago,
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Prije četiri godine
02:43
it was declared that 50 percent
of all wildlife around the world
of all wildlife around the world
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objavljeno je da je 50%
svih divljih životinja na svijetu
svih divljih životinja na svijetu
02:47
had disappeared in just 40 years.
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nestalo u samo 40 godina.
02:51
This is a mass drowning
of 15,000 wildebeests
of 15,000 wildebeests
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Ovo je masovno utapanje
15 tisuća gnuova
15 tisuća gnuova
02:54
that I witnessed
in the Maasai Mara two years ago.
in the Maasai Mara two years ago.
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kojem sam svjedočio
u Maasai Mari prije dvije godine.
u Maasai Mari prije dvije godine.
02:57
This is definitely our fault.
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Ovo je zasigurno naša krivica.
03:01
By 2020, global wildlife populations
are projected to have fallen
are projected to have fallen
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Predviđa se da će do 2020.
svjetska naseljenost divljim vrstama
svjetska naseljenost divljim vrstama
03:05
by a staggering two-thirds.
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pasti za zapanjujuće dvije trećine.
03:07
We are the sixth extinction
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Mi smo šesto istrebljenje
03:10
because we left no safe space
for millions of species
for millions of species
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jer nismo ostavili siguran prostor
milijunima vrsta
milijunima vrsta
03:13
to sustainably coexist.
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da žive u održivu suživotu.
03:16
Now, since 2010, I have poled myself
eight times across the Okavango Delta
eight times across the Okavango Delta
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Od 2010., osam puta sam uz ušće Okavango
03:22
to conduct detailed scientific surveys
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provodio detaljna znanstvena istraživanja
03:24
along a 200-mile,
18-day research transect.
18-day research transect.
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uzduž 300 km i 18 dana
dugačkog istraživačkog presjeka.
dugačkog istraživačkog presjeka.
03:28
Now, why am I doing this?
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Zašto ja ovo radim?
Zašto riskiram svoj život svake godine?
03:29
Why am I risking my life each year?
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Ovo radim jer su nam
ove informacije potrebne
ove informacije potrebne
03:31
I'm doing this because
we need this information
we need this information
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03:33
to benchmark this near-pristine wilderness
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za označivanje te izvorne divljine
03:35
before upstream development happens.
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prije nego uzvodno dođe do razvoja.
03:37
These are the Wayeyi river bushmen,
the people of the Okavango Delta.
the people of the Okavango Delta.
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Ovo su bušmani rijeke Wayeyi,
ljudi ušća Okavango.
ljudi ušća Okavango.
03:43
They have taught me all I know
about the Mother Okavango --
about the Mother Okavango --
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Oni su me naučili sve što znam
o Majci Okavango --
o Majci Okavango --
03:46
about presence in the wild.
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o prisutnosti u divljini.
03:47
Our shared pilgrimage across
the Okavango Delta each year
the Okavango Delta each year
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Naše zajedničko hodočašće
preko ušća Okavango svake godine
preko ušća Okavango svake godine
03:51
in our mokoros or dugout canoes --
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u našim mokoroima ili drvenim kanuima --
03:53
remembers millenia living in the wild.
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prisjeća se tisućljeća života u divljini.
03:57
Ten thousand years ago,
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Prije deset tisuća godina,
03:59
our entire world was wilderness.
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naš cijeli svijet je bio divljina.
04:02
Today, wilderness is all that remains
of that world, now gone.
of that world, now gone.
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Danas, divljina je postala samo
ostatak tog svijeta koji je nestao.
ostatak tog svijeta koji je nestao.
04:09
Ten thousand years ago,
we were as we are today:
we were as we are today:
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Prije deset tisuća godina
bili smo kao i danas:
bili smo kao i danas:
04:13
a modern, dreaming intelligence
unlike anything seen before.
unlike anything seen before.
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moderna, sanjarujuća inteligencija
nikada prije viđena.
nikada prije viđena.
04:17
Living in the wilderness
is what taught us to speak,
is what taught us to speak,
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Život u divljini nas je naučio pričati,
04:19
to seek technologies
like fire and stone, bow and arrow,
like fire and stone, bow and arrow,
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tražiti tehnologije
poput vatre i stijene, luka i strijele,
poput vatre i stijene, luka i strijele,
04:23
medicine and poison,
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lijeka i otrova,
04:24
to domesticate plants and animals
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pripitomiti biljke i životinje,
04:27
and rely on each other
and all living things around us.
and all living things around us.
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osloniti se jedni na druge
i na sve živuće stvari oko nas.
i na sve živuće stvari oko nas.
04:30
We are these last wildernesses --
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Mi smo ta zadnja divljina --
04:32
every one of us.
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svatko od nas.
04:34
Over 80 percent
of our planet's land surface
of our planet's land surface
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Preko 80% kopnene površine našeg planeta
04:36
is now experiencing
measurable human impact:
measurable human impact:
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trenutno doživljava
značajan ljudski utjecaj:
značajan ljudski utjecaj:
04:40
habitat destruction
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uništavanje staništa
04:41
and illegal wildlife trade are decimating
global wildlife populations.
global wildlife populations.
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i ilegalno trgovanje divljim životinjama
desetkuju globalnu naseljenost divljina.
desetkuju globalnu naseljenost divljina.
04:45
We urgently need to create
safe space for these wild animals.
safe space for these wild animals.
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Hitno trebamo stvoriti
sigurne zone za ove divlje životinje.
sigurne zone za ove divlje životinje.
04:49
So in late 2014,
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Tako smo krajem 2014.
04:51
we launched an ambitious
project to do just that:
project to do just that:
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pokrenuli ambiciozni projekt
kako bismo učinili baš to:
kako bismo učinili baš to:
04:54
explore and protect.
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istraživali i zaštitili.
04:56
By mid-May 2015,
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Do sredine svibnja 2015. godine
04:58
we had pioneered access
through active minefields
through active minefields
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prokrčili smo prilaz
preko aktivnih minskih polja
preko aktivnih minskih polja
05:00
to the undocumented source lake
of the Cuito River --
of the Cuito River --
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do nedokumentiranog izvora
jezera rijeke Cuito --
jezera rijeke Cuito --
05:03
this otherworldly place;
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ovo nadzemaljsko mjesto;
05:05
an ancient, untouched wilderness.
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drevna, netaknuta divljina.
05:08
By the 21st of May,
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Do 21. svibnja,
05:09
we had launched
the Okavango megatransect ...
the Okavango megatransect ...
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pokrenuli smo Okavango mega presjek ...
05:13
in seven dugout canoes;
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u sedam izdubljenih kanua;
05:14
1,500 miles, 121 days later,
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2400 km, 121 dan kasnije,
svo naše probijanje, veslanje
i temeljito istraživanje
i temeljito istraživanje
05:18
all of the poling, paddling
and intensive research
and intensive research
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05:21
got us across the entire river basin
to Lake Xau in the Kalahari Desert,
to Lake Xau in the Kalahari Desert,
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dovelo nas je preko cijelog rječnog korita
do jezera Xau u pustinji Kalahari,
do jezera Xau u pustinji Kalahari,
05:25
480 kilometers past the Okavango Delta.
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480 kilometara od Okavango ušća.
05:29
My entire world became the water:
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Moj cijeli svijet je postala voda:
05:31
every ripple, eddy,
lily pad and current ...
lily pad and current ...
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svako mreškanje, vir, lopoč i bujica...
05:36
any sign of danger,
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svaki predznak opasnosti,
05:38
every sign of life.
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svaki znak života.
Sada zamislite milijune znojnih pčelica
kako grcaju zrak oko vas,
kako grcaju zrak oko vas,
05:40
Now imagine millions of sweat bees
choking the air around you,
choking the air around you,
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05:43
flesh-eating bacteria,
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bakterije koje jedu meso,
05:45
the constant threat
of a landmine going off
of a landmine going off
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stalne prijetnje mina
koje će eksplodirati,
koje će eksplodirati,
ili nilski konj kojeg ne opazite
i prevrne vam kanu.
i prevrne vam kanu.
05:48
or an unseen hippo capsizing your mokoro.
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05:50
These are the scenes
moments after a hippo did just that --
moments after a hippo did just that --
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Ovo su trenuci nakon što je
nilski konj učinio upravo to --
nilski konj učinio upravo to --
05:53
thrusting its tusks
through the hull of my boat.
through the hull of my boat.
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zabijajući svoje kljove
kroz trup mog broda.
kroz trup mog broda.
Možete vidjeti dvije rupe --
05:56
You can see the two holes --
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05:57
puncture wounds in the base of the hull --
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probodne rane u dnu trupa broda --
06:00
absolutely terrifying
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apsolutno užasavajuće
06:01
and completely my fault.
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i sasvim moja krivica.
06:03
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:05
Many, many portages,
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Puno, puno prenošenja,
06:07
tree blockages
and capsizes in rocky rapids.
and capsizes in rocky rapids.
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blokade drveća i prevrtanja
broda na brzacima.
broda na brzacima.
06:12
You're living on rice and beans,
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Živite na riži i grahu,
06:15
bathing in a bucket of cold water
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kupate se u kanti hladne vode
06:16
and paddling a marathon
six to eight hours every single day.
six to eight hours every single day.
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i veslate maraton
šest do osam sati svaki dan.
šest do osam sati svaki dan.
06:19
After 121 days of this,
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Nakon 121 dana ovoga,
06:21
I'd forgotten the PIN numbers
to my bank accounts
to my bank accounts
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zaboravio sam PIN-ove
svojih bankovnih računa
svojih bankovnih računa
06:24
and logins for social media --
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i lozinke za društvene mreže,
06:25
a complete systems reboot.
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kompletni reboot sistema.
06:28
You ask me now if I miss it,
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Ako me sada pitate nedostaje li mi,
06:30
and I will tell you I am still there.
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reći ću vam da sam još tamo.
06:33
Now why do we need to save
places we hardly ever go?
places we hardly ever go?
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Zašto moramo spasiti mjesta
koja jedva posjećujemo?
koja jedva posjećujemo?
06:36
Why do we need to save places
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Zašto moramo spasiti ta mjesta
gdje morate riskirati život
da biste bili tamo?
da biste bili tamo?
06:38
where you have to risk
your life to be there?
your life to be there?
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06:40
Now, I'm not a religious
or particularly spiritual person,
or particularly spiritual person,
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Naime, ja nisam religiozna
ili posebno duhovna osoba,
ili posebno duhovna osoba,
06:44
but in the wild,
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ali u divljini,
06:46
I believe I've experienced
the birthplace of religion.
the birthplace of religion.
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vjerujem da sam osjetio
rodno mjesto religije.
rodno mjesto religije.
06:50
Standing in front of an elephant
far away from anywhere
far away from anywhere
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Stojeći ispred slona daleko od svega,
06:53
is the closest I will ever get to God.
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najbliže je što ću ikad biti Bogu.
06:57
Moses, Buddha, Muhammad, Jesus,
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Mojsije, Budha, Muhamed, Isus,
06:59
the Hindu teachers, prophets and mystics,
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Hindu učitelji, proroci i mistici,
07:01
all went into the wilderness --
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svi su išli u divljinu --
07:03
up into the mountains, into the desert,
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u planine, u pustinju,
07:05
to sit quietly and listen
for those secrets
for those secrets
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kako bi mirno sjedili i slušali te tajne
07:07
that were to guide
their societies for millennia.
their societies for millennia.
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koje će voditi njihova
društva tisućljećima.
društva tisućljećima.
07:10
I go into the Okavango on my mokoro.
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Ušao sam na Okavango na svom kanuu.
07:13
You must join me one day.
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Morate mi se jednom pridružiti.
07:16
Over 50 percent of the remaining
wilderness is unprotected.
wilderness is unprotected.
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Preko 50% preostale
divljine je nezaštićeno.
divljine je nezaštićeno.
07:19
A huge opportunity --
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Ogromna mogućnost --
07:21
a chance for us all.
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prilika za sve nas.
07:25
We need to act with great urgency.
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Trebamo brzo reagirati.
07:27
Since the 2015 megatransect,
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Od mega-razdvajanja 2015.
07:30
we have explored all major rivers
of the Okavango River basin,
of the Okavango River basin,
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proučili smo sve glavne rijeke
rječnog korita Okavango,
rječnog korita Okavango,
07:33
covering a life-changing 4,000 miles
of detailed research transects
of detailed research transects
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koje prekriva 6400 km
detaljno proučenih presjeka
detaljno proučenih presjeka
07:37
on our dugout canoes
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na našim izdubljenim kanuima
07:38
and our fat-tire mountain bikes.
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i brdskim biciklima širokih guma.
07:40
We now have 57 top scientists
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Sada imamo 57 vrhunskih znanstvenika
07:43
rediscovering what we call
the Okavango-Zambezi water tower --
the Okavango-Zambezi water tower --
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koji ponovo otkrivaju ono što nazivamo
Okavango-Zambezi vodeni toranj --
Okavango-Zambezi vodeni toranj --
07:47
this vast, post-war wilderness
with undocumented source lakes,
with undocumented source lakes,
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ova ogromna, posljeratna divljina
s nezabilježenim izvorima jezera,
s nezabilježenim izvorima jezera,
07:53
unnamed waterfalls in what is Africa's
largest remaining Miombo woodland.
largest remaining Miombo woodland.
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bezimenim vodopadima u najvećoj preostaloj
afričkoj šumi Miombo.
afričkoj šumi Miombo.
07:59
We've now discovered
24 new species to science
24 new species to science
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Sada smo znanosti otkrili 24 nove vrste
08:02
and hundreds of species
not known to be there.
not known to be there.
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i stotine vrsta koje nismo tamo očekivali.
08:05
This year, we start the process,
with the Angolan government,
with the Angolan government,
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Ove godine počinjemo proces
s vladom Angole,
s vladom Angole,
08:08
to establish one of the largest systems
of protected areas in the world
of protected areas in the world
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kako bismo uspostavili jedan od najvećih
sustava zaštićenih područja na svijetu,
sustava zaštićenih područja na svijetu,
08:12
to preserve the
Okavango-Zambezi water tower
Okavango-Zambezi water tower
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kako bismo očuvali
Okavango-Zambezi vodeni toranj
Okavango-Zambezi vodeni toranj
08:14
we have been exploring.
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koji smo proučavali.
08:15
Downstream, this represents
water security for millions of people
water security for millions of people
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Nizvodno, ovo predstavlja
sigurnost vode za milijune ljudi
sigurnost vode za milijune ljudi
08:19
and more than half of the elephants
remaining on this planet.
remaining on this planet.
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i za preko pola preostalih
slonova na svijetu.
slonova na svijetu.
08:23
There is no doubt this is the biggest
conservation opportunity in Africa
conservation opportunity in Africa
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Nema sumnje da je ovo najveća
prilika za zaštitu u Africi
prilika za zaštitu u Africi
u zadnjim desetljećima.
08:27
in decades.
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Tijekom sljedećih 10 do 15 godina,
08:28
Over the next 10 to 15 years,
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08:29
we need to make
an unprecedented investment
an unprecedented investment
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moramo neviđeno ulagati
08:32
in the preservation
of wilderness around the world.
of wilderness around the world.
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u očuvanje divljine diljem svijeta.
08:35
To me,
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Za mene,
08:36
preserving wilderness is far more
than simply protecting ecosystems
than simply protecting ecosystems
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očuvanje divljine je puno više
od samog očuvanja ekosustava,
od samog očuvanja ekosustava,
08:41
that clean the water we drink
and create the air we breathe.
and create the air we breathe.
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više od čiste vode koju pijemo
i stvaranja zraka koji udišemo.
i stvaranja zraka koji udišemo.
08:44
Preserving wilderness protects
our basic human right to be wild --
our basic human right to be wild --
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Očuvanje divljine čuva naše
osnovno ljudsko pravo da budemo divlji --
osnovno ljudsko pravo da budemo divlji --
08:48
our basic human rights to explore.
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naše osnovno,
ljudsko pravo na istraživanje.
ljudsko pravo na istraživanje.
08:52
Thank you.
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Hvala.
08:53
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Steve Boyes - Conservation biologistSteve Boyes is working to study and conserve the endangered Okavango Delta in Botswana.
Why you should listen
South African conservation biologist Steve Boyes explores and studies remote wildernesses in Africa, including the endangered Okavango Delta, to protect and restore them. Trained as an ornithologist, he is the Executive Director of the Wild Bird Trust and a Fellow at the National Geographic Society.
Steve Boyes | Speaker | TED.com