ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rébecca Kleinberger - Voice expert
Rébecca Kleinberger is a voice expert pursuing research as a PhD candidate in the MIT Media Lab’s Opera of the Future group.

Why you should listen

Rébecca Kleinberger creatively mixes science, engineering, design and art to explore ways to craft experiences for vocal connection. As part of this work, she designs unique experiences to help people connect with themselves and with others. She accomplishes this using approaches that include projection mapping, virtual reality, rapid prototyping, deep learning, real-time digital signal processing, lasers, wearable technologies and robotics. See examples ranging from a projection ball gown to a memory music box to assistive wearable devices for stutterers on her portfolio.

Throughout six years of work on self-reflection technologies, Kleinberger has developed unique expertise on the human voice as a means of self-connection as well as with others and between species. Her research spans a wide range of fields including neurology, human-computer interaction, psychology, cognitive sciences, physics, biology, clinical research, linguistics, communication theory and assistive technologies. With these tools, people discover more about themselves and the expression they project.

Kleinberger's work was featured on the cover of the Financial Times Magazine and has been shown at a wide range of events and venues including the Museum of Fine Art in Boston, Le Laboratoire in Paris, Siggraph Art exhibition in Los Angeles, the "Hacking Consciousness"exhibit at the Harvard Divinity School and EMF camp in the UK. She has collaborated with Microsoft Research UK and the Google Magenta team and has presented her research at a host of international conferences. Working with Tod Machover, head of the Opera of the Future group, and other group members, her research has also been deployed outside the MIT Media Lab as part of live shows and novel esthetic experiences at Maison Symphonique de Montreal, the Lucerne Festival in Switzerland and the Winspear Opera House in Dallas. Her work has also been featured in Engadget and "60 Minutes."

Kleinberger graduated from École National des Arts et Métiers in Paris with a Master's of Mechanical Engineering and from University College London with a Master of Research in Virtual Environments, Imaging and Visualization. She is also experienced in the art of shearing sheep and raising hedgehogs.

(Photo: Stephanie Ku) 

More profile about the speaker
Rébecca Kleinberger | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxBeaconStreet

Rébecca Kleinberger: Why you don't like the sound of your own voice

Rébecca Kleinberger: Zašto ne volite zvuk svog glasa?

Filmed:
3,169,320 views

Vaš glas odgovara načinu na koji vas drugi vide, ali vaš odnos prema vašem glasu nije tako jednostavan. Rébecca Kleinberger proučava kako koristimo i razumijemo naše glasove i glasove drugih. Objašnjava zašto možda ne volite čuti svoj glas na snimkama, razlike između vašeg vanjskog, unutrašnjeg i unutarnjeg glasa -- i nevjerojatne informacije koje šaljete, a da toga niste ni svjesni.
- Voice expert
Rébecca Kleinberger is a voice expert pursuing research as a PhD candidate in the MIT Media Lab’s Opera of the Future group. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

Ako pitate evolucijske biologe
00:12
If you askpitati evolutionaryevolucioni biologistsbiolozi
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00:15
when did humansljudi becomepostati humansljudi,
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kada su ljudi postali ljudi,
00:19
some of them will say that,
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neki će vam reći
00:21
well, at some pointtočka
we startedpočeo standingstajati on our feetnoge,
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onda kada smo počeli stajati na nogama,
00:24
becamepostao bipeddvonošca and becamepostao
the mastersmajstori of our environmentokolina.
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postali dvonošci i gospodari naše okoline.
00:28
OthersDrugi will say that because our brainmozak
startedpočeo growingrastući much biggerveći,
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Drugi će reći da zato
što su nam mozgovi postajali veći,
00:34
that we were ableu stanju to have
much more complexkompleks cognitivespoznajni processesprocesi.
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postali smo sposobni
za složenije kognitivne procese.
00:38
And othersdrugi mightmoć argueraspravljati
that it's because we developedrazvijen languagejezik
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Ostali će reći onda kada smo razvili jezik
00:43
that alloweddopušteno us to evolverazviti as a speciesvrsta.
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koji nam je omogućio
da evoluiramo kao vrsta.
00:46
InterestinglyZanimljivo, those threetri
phenomenapojave are all connectedpovezan.
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Zanimljivo, te tri stvari su povezane.
00:51
We are not sure how or in whichkoji ordernarudžba,
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Nismo sigurni kako ni kojim redoslijedom,
00:54
but they are all linkedpovezan
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ali povezane su
00:55
with the changepromijeniti of shapeoblik of a little bonekost
in the back of your neckvrat
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promjenom oblika male kosti
u stražnjem dijelu vašeg vrata,
01:00
that changedpromijenjen the anglekut
betweenizmeđu our headglava and our bodytijelo.
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koja je promijenila kut između
vaše glave i vašeg tijela.
01:04
That meanssredstva we were ableu stanju to standstajati uprightuspravan
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To znači da smo mogli uspravno stajati,
01:07
but alsotakođer for our brainmozak
to evolverazviti in the back
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ali i naš se mozak mogao razvijati
01:11
and for our voiceglas boxkutija to growrasti
from sevensedam centimeterscentimetara for primatesprimati
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i naš grkljan je narastao
za 7 cm kod primata,
01:16
to 11 and up to 17 centimetrescentimetara for humansljudi.
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preko 11 do 17 cm kod ljudi.
01:21
And this is calledzvao
the descentsilazak of the larynxgrkljana.
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To se zove spuštanje grkljana.
01:24
And the larynxgrkljana is the sitemjesto of your voiceglas.
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A grkljan je mjesto
gdje nastaje vaš glas.
01:28
When babydijete humansljudi are bornrođen todaydanas,
theirnjihov larynxgrkljana is not descendedspuštena yetjoš.
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Kada se bebe rode, njihov
grkljan se još nije spustio.
01:33
That only happensdogađa se
at about threetri monthsmjeseci oldstar.
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Do toga dolazi u trećem mjesecu starosti.
01:37
So, metaphoricallymetaforički, eachsvaki of us here
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Dakle, svatko od nas
ovdje je, metaforički,
01:39
has relivedrelived the evolutionevolucija
of our wholečitav speciesvrsta.
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proživio evoluciju cijele naše vrste.
01:44
And talkingkoji govori about babiesbebe,
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Kad smo već kod beba,
01:46
when you were startingpolazeći to developrazviti
in your mother'smamin wombutroba,
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kada se počnete razvijati
u majčinoj utrobi,
01:49
the first sensationosjećaj that you had
comingdolazak from the outsideizvan worldsvijet,
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prvi doživljaj vanjskog svijeta dobivate
01:53
at only threetri weeksTjedni oldstar,
when you were about the sizeveličina of a shrimpškampi,
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u trećem tjednu, kada ste
otprilike veličine škampa,
01:57
were throughkroz the tactiletaktilne sensationosjećaj
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preko osjeta dodira
02:00
comingdolazak from the vibrationsvibracije
of your mother'smamin voiceglas.
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koji dolazi od vibracija majčinog glasa.
02:04
So, as we can see, the humanljudski voiceglas
is quitedosta meaningfulznačajan and importantvažno
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Vidimo da je ljudski glas
jako značajan i važan
02:09
at the levelnivo of the speciesvrsta,
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na razini vrste,
02:12
at the levelnivo of the societydruštvo --
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na razini društva.
02:14
this is how we communicatekomunicirati
and createstvoriti bondsokovi,
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Tako komuniciramo i povezujemo se
02:16
and at the personalosobni
and interpersonalinterpersonalne levelsrazina --
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i na osobnoj i na međuljudskoj razini.
02:20
with our voiceglas, we sharePodjeli much more
than wordsriječi and datapodaci,
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Glasom dijelimo puno više
od samih riječi i podataka,
02:23
we sharePodjeli basicallyu osnovi who we are.
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dijelimo ono što jesmo.
02:25
And our voiceglas is indistinguishableNe razlikuje
from how other people see us.
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A nema razlike između našeg glasa
i načina na koji nas ljudi vide.
02:30
It is a maskmaska that we wearnositi in societydruštvo.
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On je maska koju nosimo u javnosti.
02:34
But our relationshipodnos with our ownvlastiti voiceglas
is fardaleko from obviousočigledan.
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No, naš odnos s našim
glasom nije toliko jednostavan.
02:37
We rarelyrijetko use our voiceglas for ourselvessebe;
we use it as a giftdar to give to othersdrugi.
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Rijetko koristimo glas za sebe; koristimo
ga kao dar koji dajemo drugima.
02:42
It is how we touchdodir eachsvaki other.
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Na taj način dodirujemo jedni druge.
02:45
It's a dialecticaldijalektički groomingkonjušar.
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To je dijalektičko njegovanje.
02:47
But what do we think about our ownvlastiti voiceglas?
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No, što mislimo o vlastitom glasu?
02:50
So please raisepodići your handruka
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Molim vas dignite ruku
02:52
if you don't like the soundzvuk of your voiceglas
when you hearčuti it on a recordingsnimanje machinemašina.
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ako ne volite čuti svoj glas na snimkama?
02:56
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
02:57
Yeah, thank you, indeeddoista,
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Da, hvala vam, doista,
02:58
mostnajviše people reportizvješće not likingželjama
the soundzvuk of theirnjihov voiceglas recordingsnimanje.
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mnogo ljudi kaže da ne voli
svoj glas na snimkama.
03:02
So what does that mean?
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Što to znači?
03:03
Let's try to understandrazumjeti that
in the nextSljedeći 10 minutesminuta.
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Probajmo to shvatiti u
sljedećih 10 minuta.
03:06
I'm a researcherIstraživač at the MITMIT MediaMedija LabLaboratorij,
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Istraživač sam u MIT Media Laboratoriju,
03:09
partdio of the OperaOpera of the FutureBudućnost groupskupina,
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koji je dio grupe Opera budućnosti
03:12
and my researchistraživanje
focusesusredotočuje on the relationshipodnos
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i moje se istraživanje bavi odnosom
03:15
people have with theirnjihov ownvlastiti voiceglas
and with the voicesglasovi of othersdrugi.
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ljudi prema njihovom glasu
i prema glasovima drugih.
03:19
I studystudija what we can learnnaučiti
from listeningslušanje to voicesglasovi,
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Proučavam što možemo
naučiti slušajući glasove,
03:23
from the variousraznovrstan fieldspolja,
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i to na raznim poljima,
03:25
from neurologyneurologija to biologybiologija,
cognitivespoznajni sciencesznanosti, linguisticslingvistika.
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od neurologije do biologije,
kognitivnih znanosti, lingvistike.
03:30
In our groupskupina we createstvoriti
toolsalat and experiencesiskustva
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U našem timu stvaramo pomagala i iskustva
03:33
to help people gaindobit a better
appliedprimijenjen understandingrazumijevanje of theirnjihov voiceglas
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da pomognemo ljudima kako
bi bolje razumjeli svoj glas,
03:38
in ordernarudžba to reducesmanjiti the biasespredrasude,
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kako bismo smanjili predrasude,
03:41
to becomepostati better listenersslušatelja,
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naučili bolje slušati,
03:43
to createstvoriti more healthyzdrav relationshipsodnosa
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stvorili zdravije odnose
03:46
or just to understandrazumjeti themselvesse better.
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ili jednostavno bolje razumjeli sebe.
03:50
And this really has to come
with a holisticholistička approachpristup on the voiceglas.
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A to sve dolazi s holističkim
pristupom glasu.
03:55
Because, think about all
the applicationsaplikacije and implicationsimplikacije
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Razmislite o svim primjenama
i posljedicama
03:59
that the voiceglas maysvibanj have,
as we discoverotkriti more about it.
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koje glas može imati kako
naše istraživanje napreduje.
04:03
Your voiceglas is a very complexkompleks phenomenonfenomen.
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Vaš glas je jako kompliciran fenomen.
04:06
It requirestraži a synchronizationSinkronizacija
of more than 100 musclesmišići in your bodytijelo.
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Zahtjeva sinkronizaciju više
od 100 mišića u vašem tijelu.
04:10
And by listeningslušanje to the voiceglas,
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A slušanjem našeg glasa
04:12
we can understandrazumjeti possiblemoguće failuresneuspjeh
of what happensdogađa se insideiznutra.
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možemo razumjeti moguće nedostatke
onoga što se događa iznutra.
04:17
For exampleprimjer:
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Primjerice:
04:19
listeningslušanje to very specificspecifično
typesvrste of turbulencesturbulencije
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slušanjem vrlo specifičnih
vrsta turbulencija
04:23
and nonlinearitynelinearnost of the voiceglas
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i neravnomjernosti u glasu,
04:25
can help predictpredvidjeti
very earlyrano stagesfaze of Parkinson'sParkinsonove,
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mogu se predvidjeti počeci
Parkinsonove bolesti,
04:29
just throughkroz a phonetelefon call.
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i to već kroz telefonski razgovor.
04:31
ListeningSlušanje to the breathnessbreathness of the voiceglas
can help detectotkriti heartsrce diseasebolest.
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Osluškivanjem zadihanosti u glasu
mogu se otkriti srčane bolesti.
04:37
And we alsotakođer know that the changespromjene of tempotempo
insideiznutra individualpojedinac wordsriječi
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A znamo i da je promjena
ritma unutar pojedinačnih riječi
04:42
is a very good markeroznaka of depressiondepresija.
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dobar pokazatelj depresije.
04:46
Your voiceglas is alsotakođer very linkedpovezan
with your hormonehormon levelsrazina.
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Vaš glas povezan je i s razinom hormona.
04:49
ThirdTreće partiesstranke listeningslušanje to femaležena voicesglasovi
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Kada su ispitanici slušali ženske glasove,
04:52
were ableu stanju to very accuratelytočno
placemjesto the speakerzvučnik
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mogli su vrlo precizno odrediti osobu
04:55
on theirnjihov menstrualmenstrualan cycleciklus.
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vezano za menstrualni ciklus.
04:57
Just with acousticakustički informationinformacija.
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Samo pomoću zvučnih podataka.
05:00
And now with technologytehnologija
listeningslušanje to us all the time,
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A danas kada nas tehnologija stalno sluša,
05:04
AlexaAlexa from AmazonAmazon EchoEcho
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Alexa iz Amazona
05:07
mightmoć be ableu stanju to predictpredvidjeti
if you're pregnanttrudna
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mogla bi predvidjeti jeste li trudni
05:09
even before you know it.
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prije negoli vi to sami znate.
05:11
So think about --
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Razmislite o...
05:12
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
05:14
Think about the ethicaletički
applicationprimjena of that.
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Razmislite o etičkoj primjeni.
05:17
Your voiceglas is alsotakođer very linkedpovezan
to how you createstvoriti relationshipsodnosa.
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Vaš glas vrlo je povezan
s time kakve odnose stvarate.
05:20
You have a differentdrugačiji voiceglas
for everysvaki personosoba you talk to.
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Imate drugačiji glas za svaku
osobu s kojom razgovarate.
05:24
If I take a little snippetIsječak
of your voiceglas and I analyzeanalizirati it,
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Da uzmem djelić vašeg
glasa i analiziram ga,
05:27
I can know whetherda li you're talkingkoji govori
to your mothermajka, to your brotherbrat,
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mogu znati razgovarate li
s majkom, bratom,
05:31
your friendprijatelj or your bossšef.
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prijateljem ili sa svojim šefom.
05:32
We can alsotakođer use, as a predictorprediktor,
the vocalvokalne posturedržanje.
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Kao pokazatelja možemo
koristiti i postavu glasa.
05:38
MeaningZnačenje, how you decideodlučiti to placemjesto
your voiceglas when you talk to someonenetko.
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Znači, kako odlučite postaviti svoj
glas kada razgovarate s nekim.
05:41
And you vocalvokalne posturedržanje,
when you talk to your spousesuprug,
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A vaša postava glasa kada
razgovarate s partnerom
05:45
can help predictpredvidjeti not only if,
but alsotakođer when you will divorcerazvod.
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može predvidjeti ne samo ako,
već i kada ćete se razvesti.
05:50
So there is a lot to learnnaučiti
from listeningslušanje to voicesglasovi.
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Dakle, možemo puno
naučiti slušajući glasove.
05:54
And I believe this has to startpočetak
with understandingrazumijevanje
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Mislim da to mora početi razumijevanjem
05:56
that we have more than one voiceglas.
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da imamo više od jednog glasa.
05:58
So, I'm going to talk
about threetri voicesglasovi that mostnajviše of us possesposjeduju,
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Govorit ću o tri glasa
koje većina nas ima,
06:02
in a modelmodel of what I call the maskmaska.
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prema uzorku kojeg nazivam maskom.
06:05
So when you look at the maskmaska,
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Kada pogledate masku,
06:07
what you see is a projectionprojekcija
of a characterlik.
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vidite projekciju karaktera.
06:10
Let's call that your outwardprema van voiceglas.
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Nazovimo to vašim vanjskim glasom.
06:12
This is alsotakođer the mostnajviše classicklasik way
to think about the voiceglas,
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To je, također, i najčešći
način razmišljanja o glasu,
06:15
it's a way of projectingstrše
yourselfsami in the worldsvijet.
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način na koji se prikazujete svijetu.
06:18
The mechanismmehanizam for this projectionprojekcija
is well understoodrazumjeti.
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Mehanizam za tu projekciju je vrlo jasan.
06:21
Your lungspluća contractugovor your diaphragmdijafragme
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Vaša pluća stežu vašu dijafragmu
06:23
and that createsstvara a self-sustainedisti-neprekidan
vibrationvibracija of your vocalvokalne foldpreklopiti,
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i to stvara neovisnu
vibraciju vaših glasnica,
06:27
that createsstvara a soundzvuk.
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što stvara zvuk.
06:28
And then the way you openotvoren and closeblizu
the cavitiesšupljine in you mouthusta,
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A i način na koji otvarate
i zatvarate šupljine u ustima
06:31
your vocalvokalne tractrasprava is going to
transformtransformirati the soundzvuk.
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odredit će kako će vokalni
trakt oblikovati zvuk.
06:34
So everyonesvatko has the sameisti mechanismmehanizam.
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Dakle, svatko ima isti mehanizam.
06:36
But voicesglasovi are quitedosta uniquejedinstvena.
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No, glasovi su jedinstveni.
06:38
It's because very subtlefin differencesRazlike
in sizeveličina, physiologyfiziologija, in hormonehormon levelsrazina
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Zato jer će i najmanja razlika u
veličini, fiziologiji, razini hormona,
06:44
are going to make very subtlefin
differencesRazlike in your outwardprema van voiceglas.
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proizvesti jako male razlike
u vašem vanjskom glasu.
06:48
And your brainmozak is very good
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A vaš mozak je jako dobar
06:50
at pickingbranje up those subtlefin differencesRazlike
from other people'snarodno outwardprema van voicesglasovi.
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u primjećivanju tih malih razlika u
vanjskim glasovima drugih ljudi.
06:55
In our lablaboratorija, we are workingrad
on teachingnastava machinesstrojevi
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U našem laboratoriju radimo
na tome da strojeve naučimo
06:59
to understandrazumjeti those subtlefin differencesRazlike.
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kako razumjeti te male razlike.
07:01
And we use deepduboko learningučenje to createstvoriti
a real-timestvarno vrijeme speakerzvučnik identificationIdentifikacija systemsistem
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Koristimo duboko učenje da stvorimo sustav
identifikacije govornika u realnom vremenu
07:07
to help raisepodići awarenesssvijest
on the use of the sharedpodijeljen vocalvokalne spaceprostor --
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kako bismo osvijestili upotrebu
djeljivog vokalnog prostora -
07:12
so who talksrazgovori and who never
talksrazgovori duringza vrijeme meetingssastanci --
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tko govori, a tko nikada
ne govori na sastancima -
07:15
to increasepovećati groupskupina intelligenceinteligencija.
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za povećanje grupne inteligencije.
07:17
And one of the difficultiespoteškoće with that
is that your voiceglas is alsotakođer not staticstatički.
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Jedan od problema kod toga je
i taj što vaš glas nije statičan.
07:23
We alreadyveć said that it changespromjene
with everysvaki personosoba you talk to
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Već smo rekli da se mijenja
ovisno s kime razgovarate,
07:26
but it alsotakođer changespromjene generallyobično
throughoutkroz your life.
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ali se općenito mijenja i tijekom života.
07:29
At the beginningpočetak
and at the endkraj of the journeyputovanje,
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Na početku i na kraju putovanja,
07:31
malemuški and femaležena voicesglasovi are very similarsličan.
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muški i ženski glasovi su jako slični.
07:34
It's very hardteško to distinguishrazlikovati
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Vrlo je teško razlikovati
07:35
the voiceglas of a very your girldjevojka
from the voiceglas of a very youngmladi boydječak.
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glas male djevojčice od
glasa malog dječaka.
07:40
But in betweenizmeđu, your voiceglas
becomespostaje a markeroznaka of your fluidtekućine identityidentitet.
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No između, vaš glas postaje pokazatelj
vašeg promjenjivog identiteta.
07:45
GenerallyOpćenito, for malemuški voicesglasovi
there's a bigvelika changepromijeniti at pubertypubertet.
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Općenito, muški glasovi jako
se mijenjaju u pubertetu.
07:49
And then for femaležena voicesglasovi,
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A kod žena
07:50
there is a changepromijeniti at eachsvaki pregnancyTrudnoća
and a bigvelika changepromijeniti at menopausemenopauza.
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dolazi do velike promjene tijekom
svake trudnoće i u menopauzi.
07:55
So all of that is the voiceglas
other people hearčuti when you talk.
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Dakle, to je sve glas koji
drugi čuju kada govorite.
07:59
So why is it that we're so
unfamiliarnepoznato with it?
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Pa zašto nam je onda toliko nepoznat?
08:03
Why is it that it's not
the voiceglas that we hearčuti?
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Zašto to nije glas koji mi čujemo?
08:07
So, let's think about it.
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Razmislimo o tome.
08:08
When you wearnositi a maskmaska,
you actuallyzapravo don't see the maskmaska.
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Kada nosite masku,
zapravo ne vidite masku.
08:12
And when you try to observepromatrati it,
what you will see is insideiznutra of the maskmaska.
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A kada je pokušate proučiti,
vidjet ćete samo unutarnju stranu.
08:17
And that's your inwardprema unutra voiceglas.
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I to je vaš glas iznutra.
08:20
So to understandrazumjeti why it's differentdrugačiji,
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Da bismo razumjeli zašto je drugačiji,
08:22
let's try to understandrazumjeti the mechanismmehanizam
of perceptionpercepcija of this inwardprema unutra voiceglas.
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pokušajmo razumjeti mehanizme
percepcije tog unutrašnjeg glasa.
08:27
Because your bodytijelo has manymnogi waysnačine
of filteringfiltriranje it differentlyrazličito
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Vaše tijelo na mnoge načine
taj glas filtrira drugačije
08:30
from the outwardprema van voiceglas.
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od vanjskog glasa.
08:32
So to perceivedoživljavaju this voiceglas,
it first has to travelputovati to your earsuši.
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Kako biste uočili taj glas, on prvo
mora putovati do vaših ušiju.
08:36
And your outwardprema van voiceglas
travelsputovanja throughkroz the airzrak
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Vaš vanjski glas putuje zrakom,
08:38
while your inwardprema unutra voiceglas
travelsputovanja throughkroz your boneskosti.
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a vaš unutrašnji glas putuje kroz kosti.
08:42
This is calledzvao bonekost conductionprovođenje.
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To se zove koštana provodljivost.
08:44
Because of this, your inwardprema unutra voiceglas
is going to soundzvuk in a lowerdonji registerRegistrirajte se
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Zbog toga će vaš
glas iznutra zvučati dublje
08:49
and alsotakođer more musicallyglazbeno harmonicalHarmonijska
than your outwardprema van voiceglas.
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i melodioznije nego vaš glas izvana.
08:55
OnceJednom it travelsputovanja there,
it has to accesspristup your innerunutrašnji earuho.
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Jednom kada doputuje,
mora ući u vaše unutarnje uho.
08:59
And there's this other mechanismmehanizam
takinguzimanje placemjesto here.
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Ovdje je na djelu drugi mehanizam.
09:01
It's a mechanicalmehanički filterfilter,
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To je mehanički filter,
09:03
it's a little partitiondijeljenje
that comesdolazi and protectsštiti your innerunutrašnji earuho
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mala pregrada koja štiti
vaše unutarnje uho
09:07
eachsvaki time you produceproizvoditi a soundzvuk.
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svaki puta kada proizvedete zvuk.
09:10
So it alsotakođer reducessmanjuje what you hearčuti.
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Dakle, umanjuje ono što čujete.
09:13
And then there is a thirdtreći filterfilter,
it's a biologicalbiološki filterfilter.
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Postoji i treći filter, biološki filter.
09:16
Your cochleapužnice -- it's a partdio of your
innerunutrašnji earuho that processesprocesi the soundzvuk --
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Vaša pužnica - dio vašeg unutarnjeg
uha koji procesira zvuk -
09:21
is madenapravljen out of livingživot cellsStanice.
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sastoji se od živih stanica.
09:23
And those livingživot cellsStanice
are going to triggerokidač differentlyrazličito
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Te žive stanice aktivirat će se drugačije,
09:26
accordingpo to how oftenčesto
they hearčuti the soundzvuk.
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s obzirom na to kako često čuju zvuk.
09:28
It's a habituationnavikavanje effectposljedica.
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To je efekt navikavanja.
09:31
So because of this,
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Zbog toga,
09:32
as your voiceglas is the soundzvuk
you hearčuti the mostnajviše in your life,
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kako je vaš glas zvuk kojeg
čujete najčešće tijekom života,
09:36
you actuallyzapravo hearčuti it lessmanje
than other soundszvukovi.
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zapravo ga čujete manje
nego ostale zvukove.
09:39
FinallyKonačno, we have a fourthČetvrta filterfilter.
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Konačno imamo i četvrti filter.
09:41
It's a neurologicalneurološki filterfilter.
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To je neurološki filter.
09:43
NeurologistsNeurolozi foundpronađeno out recentlynedavno
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Neurolozi su nedavno otkrili
09:46
that when you openotvoren your mouthusta
to createstvoriti a soundzvuk,
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da kada otvorite usta da proizvedete zvuk,
09:49
your ownvlastiti auditorygledaoci cortexkorteks shutsZatvori down.
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vaša se slušna moždana kora gasi.
09:54
So you hearčuti your voiceglas
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Dakle, čujete svoj glas,
09:57
but your brainmozak actuallyzapravo never listenssluša
to the soundzvuk of your voiceglas.
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ali vaš mozak, zapravo,
nikada ne sluša zvuk vašeg glasa.
10:04
Well, evolutionarilyevolucijski
that mightmoć make senseosjećaj,
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Evolucijski to možda ima smisla,
10:06
because we know cognitivelykognitivno
what we are going to soundzvuk like
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jer znamo kako ćemo zvučati
10:09
so maybe we don't need
to spendprovesti energyenergija analyzingAnalizirajući the signalsignal.
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pa možda ne trebamo trošiti
energiju na analiziranje signala.
10:13
And this is calledzvao a corollaryposljedica dischargeiscjedak
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To se zove posljedično pražnjenje
10:17
and it happensdogađa se for everysvaki motionpokret
that your bodytijelo does.
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i događa se za svaki pokret
kojeg radi vaše tijelo.
10:19
The exacttočno definitiondefinicija
of a corollaryposljedica dischargeiscjedak
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Točna definicija
posljedičnog pražnjenja je
10:22
is a copykopirati of a motormotor commandnaredba
that is sentposlao by the brainmozak.
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"kopija motoričke
naredbe koju šalje mozak."
10:27
This copykopirati doesn't createstvoriti any motionpokret itselfsebe
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Ta kopija ne stvara pokret,
10:30
but insteadumjesto is sentposlao
to other regionsregije of the brainmozak
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već se šalje u ostala područja mozga
10:34
to informobavijestiti them of the impendingnadnesen motionpokret.
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da ih obavijesti o sljedećem pokretu.
10:38
And for the voiceglas, this corollaryposljedica
dischargeiscjedak alsotakođer has a differentdrugačiji nameime.
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Za glas, to posljedično
pražnjenje ima drugačiji naziv.
10:42
It is your innerunutrašnji voiceglas.
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To je vaš unutarnji glas.
10:44
So let's recapitulaterekapitulirati.
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Pa ponovimo.
10:46
We have the maskmaska, the outwardprema van voiceglas,
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Imamo masku, vanjski glas,
10:48
the insideiznutra of the maskmaska, your inwardprema unutra voiceglas,
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unutarnji dio maske, unutrašnji glas
10:51
and then you have your innerunutrašnji voiceglas.
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i imamo unutarnji glas.
10:53
And I like to see this one
as the puppeteerlutkar
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Na taj gledam kao na lutkara
10:55
that holdsdrži the stringsžice
of the wholečitav systemsistem.
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koji drži konce cijelog sustava.
10:59
Your innerunutrašnji voiceglas is
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Vaš unutarnji glas je
11:01
the one you hearčuti
when you readčitati a texttekst silentlyTiho,
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onaj koji čujete kada čitate u sebi,
11:05
when you rehearsevježbati
for an importantvažno conversationrazgovor.
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kada vježbate za važan razgovor.
11:08
SometimesPonekad is hardteško to turnskretanje it off,
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Nekada ga je teško isključiti,
11:10
it's really hardteško to look at the texttekst
writtennapisan in your nativedomaći languagejezik,
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teško je pročitati tekst na
vašem materinjem jeziku,
11:14
withoutbez havingima this innerunutrašnji voiceglas readčitati it.
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a da ga ne čita taj unutarnji glas.
11:17
It's alsotakođer the voiceglas
that refuseodbiti to stop singingpjevanje
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To je i glas koji odbija prestati pjevati
11:20
the stupidglup songpjesma you have in your headglava.
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onu glupu pjesmu koja vam je u glavi.
11:22
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
11:25
And for some people
it's actuallyzapravo impossiblenemoguće to controlkontrolirati it.
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Nekim ljudima ga je, zapravo,
nemoguće kontrolirati.
11:29
And that's the casespis
of schizophrenicshizofreničar patientspacijenti,
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I to je slučaj kod
oboljelih od šizofrenije,
11:31
who have auditorygledaoci hallucinationshalucinacije.
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koji imaju slušne halucinacije.
11:33
Who can't distinguishrazlikovati at all
betweenizmeđu voicesglasovi comingdolazak from insideiznutra
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Oni ne mogu razlikovati
glasove koji dolaze izvana
11:37
and outsideizvan theirnjihov headglava.
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od onih koji su im u glavi.
11:38
So in our lablaboratorija, we are alsotakođer
workingrad on smallmali devicesuređaji
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U našem laboratoriju
razvijamo male uređaje
11:42
to help those people
make those distinctionsrazlike
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koji će pomoći takvim
osobama da shvate razlike
11:44
and know if a voiceglas
is internalinterni or externalvanjski.
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i prepoznaju je li glas
unutarnji ili vanjski.
11:48
You can alsotakođer think about the innerunutrašnji voiceglas
as the voiceglas that speaksgovori in your dreamsan.
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Unutarnji glas je i onaj glas
koji govori u vašim snovima.
11:53
This innerunutrašnji voiceglas can take manymnogi formsobrasci.
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Taj unutarnji glas ima mnogo oblika.
11:55
And in your dreamssnovi, you actuallyzapravo unleashosloboditi
the potentialpotencijal of this innerunutrašnji voiceglas.
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U snovima, zapravo, oslobađate
potencijal tog unutarnjeg glasa.
11:59
That's anotherjoš work
we are doing in our lablaboratorija:
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Na tome isto radimo u laboratoriju:
12:01
tryingtežak to accesspristup
this innerunutrašnji voiceglas in dreamssnovi.
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pokušavamo pristupiti tom
unutarnjem glasu u snovima.
12:06
So even if you can't always controlkontrolirati it,
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Čak i ako ga ne možete
uvijek kontrolirati,
12:08
the innerunutrašnji voiceglas --
you can always engageangažirati with it
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unutarnji glas - možete
ga uvijek iskoristiti
12:11
throughkroz dialoguedijalog, throughkroz innerunutrašnji dialoguesdijalozi.
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kroz dijalog, kroz unutarnje dijaloge.
12:13
And you can even see this innerunutrašnji voiceglas
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Možete taj unutarnji glas vidjeti
12:15
as the missingnedostaje linkveza
betweenizmeđu thought and actionsakcije.
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i kao kariku koja nedostaje
između misli i radnji.
12:20
So I hopenada I've left you
with a better appreciationzahvalnost,
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Nadam se da ćete sada više cijeniti,
12:23
a newnovi appreciationzahvalnost of all of your voicesglasovi
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nanovo cijeniti, sve vaše glasove
12:27
and the roleuloga it playsigra
insideiznutra and outsideizvan of you --
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i ulogu koju imaju u vama i izvan vas -
12:29
as your voiceglas is a very criticalkritično
determinantdeterminanta of what makesmarke you humansljudi
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jer vaš glas je odlučujući faktor u
tome što vas čini ljudskim bićem
12:34
and of how you interactinterakcija with the worldsvijet.
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i načinu na koji komunicirate sa svijetom.
12:37
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
12:38
(ApplausePljesak)
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(Pljesak)
Translated by Lidija Funtek
Reviewed by Sanda Liker

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rébecca Kleinberger - Voice expert
Rébecca Kleinberger is a voice expert pursuing research as a PhD candidate in the MIT Media Lab’s Opera of the Future group.

Why you should listen

Rébecca Kleinberger creatively mixes science, engineering, design and art to explore ways to craft experiences for vocal connection. As part of this work, she designs unique experiences to help people connect with themselves and with others. She accomplishes this using approaches that include projection mapping, virtual reality, rapid prototyping, deep learning, real-time digital signal processing, lasers, wearable technologies and robotics. See examples ranging from a projection ball gown to a memory music box to assistive wearable devices for stutterers on her portfolio.

Throughout six years of work on self-reflection technologies, Kleinberger has developed unique expertise on the human voice as a means of self-connection as well as with others and between species. Her research spans a wide range of fields including neurology, human-computer interaction, psychology, cognitive sciences, physics, biology, clinical research, linguistics, communication theory and assistive technologies. With these tools, people discover more about themselves and the expression they project.

Kleinberger's work was featured on the cover of the Financial Times Magazine and has been shown at a wide range of events and venues including the Museum of Fine Art in Boston, Le Laboratoire in Paris, Siggraph Art exhibition in Los Angeles, the "Hacking Consciousness"exhibit at the Harvard Divinity School and EMF camp in the UK. She has collaborated with Microsoft Research UK and the Google Magenta team and has presented her research at a host of international conferences. Working with Tod Machover, head of the Opera of the Future group, and other group members, her research has also been deployed outside the MIT Media Lab as part of live shows and novel esthetic experiences at Maison Symphonique de Montreal, the Lucerne Festival in Switzerland and the Winspear Opera House in Dallas. Her work has also been featured in Engadget and "60 Minutes."

Kleinberger graduated from École National des Arts et Métiers in Paris with a Master's of Mechanical Engineering and from University College London with a Master of Research in Virtual Environments, Imaging and Visualization. She is also experienced in the art of shearing sheep and raising hedgehogs.

(Photo: Stephanie Ku) 

More profile about the speaker
Rébecca Kleinberger | Speaker | TED.com