TEDWomen 2017
Dixon Chibanda: Why I train grandmothers to treat depression
Dikson Čibanda (Dixon Chibanda): Zašto obučavam bake da leče depresiju
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2,597,684 views
Dikson Čibanda je jedan od 12 psihijatara u Zimbabveu - za populaciju koja broji više od 16 miliona. Shvatajući da njegova zemlja nikada neće biti u mogućnosti da uspostavi tradicionalne metode lečenja mentalnih zdravstvenih problema, Čibanda je pomogao da se razvije prelepo rešenje koje pokreće neograničeni resurs: bake. U ovom izvanrednom, inspirativnom govoru, saznajte više o programu prijateljske klupe, koji obučava bake terapiji kroz razgovor koja je zasnovana na dokazima, i pruža negu i nadu onima kojima je to potrebno.
Dixon Chibanda - Psychiatrist
Dixon Chibanda is passionate about the human brain, how it influences our behavior and what we can do to make everybody happy. Full bio
Dixon Chibanda is passionate about the human brain, how it influences our behavior and what we can do to make everybody happy. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
On a warm August morning in Harare,
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Jednog toplog avgustovskog jutra
u Harareu,
u Harareu,
00:16
Farai,
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Faraj,
00:18
a 24-year-old mother of two,
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24-godišnja majka dvoje dece,
00:21
walks towards a park bench.
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šeta prema klupi u parku.
00:24
She looks miserable and dejected.
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Izgleda jadno i utučeno.
00:28
Now, on the park bench
sits an 82-year-old woman,
sits an 82-year-old woman,
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Na klupi u parku sedi žena od 82 godine,
00:33
better known to the community
as Grandmother Jack.
as Grandmother Jack.
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poznatija zajednici kao baka Džek.
00:39
Farai hands Grandmother Jack
an envelope from the clinic nurse.
an envelope from the clinic nurse.
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Faraj predaje baki Džek
kovertu od medicinske sestre.
kovertu od medicinske sestre.
00:47
Grandmother Jack invites Farai to sit down
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Baka Džek poziva Faraj da sedne
00:50
as she opens the envelope and reads.
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dok otvara kovertu i čita.
00:53
There's silence for three minutes
or so as she reads.
or so as she reads.
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Nastupa tišina koja traje
oko tri minuta dok ona čita.
oko tri minuta dok ona čita.
00:58
And after a long pause,
Grandmother Jack takes a deep breath,
Grandmother Jack takes a deep breath,
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Nakon duže pauze,
baka Džek duboko uzdahne,
baka Džek duboko uzdahne,
01:02
looks at Farai and says,
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pogleda u Faraj i kaže:
01:06
"I'm here for you.
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„Tu sam za tebe.
01:10
Would you like to share
your story with me?"
your story with me?"
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Da li bi želela da podeliš
svoju priču sa mnom?“
svoju priču sa mnom?“
01:13
Farai begins,
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Faraj počinje,
01:15
her eyes swelling with tears.
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njene oči su otečene od suza.
01:19
She says, "Grandmother Jack,
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Ona kaže: „Bako Džek,
01:22
I'm HIV-positive.
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ja sam HIV pozitivna.
01:24
I've been living with HIV
for the past four years.
for the past four years.
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Živim sa HIV-om protekle četiri godine.
01:28
My husband left me a year ago.
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Moj muž me je ostavio prošle godine.
01:30
I have two kids
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Imam dvoje dece
01:32
under the age of five.
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ispod pet godina.
01:34
I'm unemployed.
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Nezaposlena sam.
01:35
I can hardly take care of my children."
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Jedva mogu da se brinem o svojoj deci.“
01:40
Tears are now flowing down her face.
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Suze se sada slivaju niz njeno lice.
01:43
And in response,
Grandmother Jack moves closer,
Grandmother Jack moves closer,
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Kao odgovor na to, baka Džek se primakne,
01:47
puts her hand on Farai,
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stavi svoju ruku na Faraj
01:49
and says, "Farai, it's OK to cry.
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i kaže: „Faraj, u redu je plakati.
01:53
You've been through a lot.
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Prošla si mnogo toga.
01:56
Would you like to share more with me?"
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Da li bi želela da podeliš
još stvari sa mnom?“
još stvari sa mnom?“
01:59
And Farai continues.
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Faraj nastavlja:
02:02
"In the last three weeks,
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„U poslednje tri nedelje,
02:04
I have had recurrent thoughts
of killing myself,
of killing myself,
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stalno su mi se ponavljale
misli da se ubijem
misli da se ubijem
02:09
taking my two children with me.
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i da povedem svoje dvoje dece sa sobom.
02:12
I can't take it anymore.
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Ne mogu da izdržim više.
02:15
The clinic nurse sent me to see you."
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Medicinska sestra me je poslala kod tebe.“
02:20
There's an exchange between the two,
which lasts about 30 minutes.
which lasts about 30 minutes.
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Nastaje razmena između njih dve,
koja traje oko 30 minuta.
koja traje oko 30 minuta.
02:25
And finally, Grandmother Jack says,
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I na kraju, baka Džek kaže:
02:28
"Farai,
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„Faraj,
02:30
it seems to me that you have
all the symptoms of kufungisisa."
all the symptoms of kufungisisa."
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čini mi se da ti imaš
sve simptome kufungisise.“
sve simptome kufungisise.“
02:37
The word "kufungisisa"
opens up a floodgate of tears.
opens up a floodgate of tears.
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Reč „kufungisisa“
otvara zadržavanu poplavu suza.
otvara zadržavanu poplavu suza.
02:44
So, kufungisisa is the local
equivalent of depression
equivalent of depression
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Pa, „kufungisisa“
je lokalni ekvivalent depresije
je lokalni ekvivalent depresije
02:48
in my country.
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u mojoj zemlji.
02:50
It literally means
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To doslovno znači
02:52
"thinking too much."
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„previše razmišljanja“.
02:56
The World Health Organization estimates
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Svetska zdravstvena organizacija
procenjuje da više od 300 miliona ljudi
širom sveta danas boluje od depresije,
širom sveta danas boluje od depresije,
02:59
that more than 300 million people
globally, today, suffer from depression,
globally, today, suffer from depression,
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03:05
or what in my country
we call kufungisisa.
we call kufungisisa.
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ili onoga što mi u mojoj zemlji
zovemo kufungisisa.
zovemo kufungisisa.
03:08
And the World Health
Organization also tells us
Organization also tells us
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Svetska zdravstvena organizacija
nam takođe govori
nam takođe govori
03:12
that every 40 seconds,
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da svakih 40 sekundi
03:15
someone somewhere in the world
commits suicide
commits suicide
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neko negde u svetu izvrši samoubistvo
03:19
because they are unhappy,
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zato što je nesrećan,
03:21
largely due to depression or kufungisisa.
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uglavnom zbog depresije ili kufungisise.
03:24
And most of these deaths are occurring
in low- and middle-income countries.
in low- and middle-income countries.
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Većina ovih smrti se dogodi
u slabije ili srednje razvijenim zemljama.
u slabije ili srednje razvijenim zemljama.
03:29
In fact,
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U stvari,
03:30
the World Health Organization
goes as far as to say
goes as far as to say
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Svetska zdravstvena organizacija
ide čak i dalje i kaže da,
ide čak i dalje i kaže da,
03:34
that when you look at the age group
between 15 to 29,
between 15 to 29,
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kada pogledate starosnu grupu
između 15 ili 29 godina,
između 15 ili 29 godina,
03:38
a leading cause of death
now is actually suicide.
now is actually suicide.
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vodeći uzrok smrti
sada je zapravo samoubistvo.
sada je zapravo samoubistvo.
03:43
But there are wider events
that lead to depression
that lead to depression
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Ali postoje širi događaji
koji vode ka depresiji
koji vode ka depresiji
03:47
and in some cases, suicide,
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i u nekim slučajevima, samoubistvu,
03:49
such as abuse,
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kao što je zlostavljanje,
03:51
conflict, violence,
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konflikt, nasilje,
03:53
isolation, loneliness --
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izolacija, usamljenost -
03:56
the list is endless.
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lista je beskonačna.
03:59
But one thing that we do know
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Ali jedna stvar koju znamo
04:01
is that depression can be treated
and suicides averted.
and suicides averted.
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je da se depresija može lečiti
i samoubistvo se može izbeći.
i samoubistvo se može izbeći.
04:06
But the problem is
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Ali problem je u tome
04:07
we just don't have enough psychiatrists
or psychologists in the world
or psychologists in the world
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što mi jednostavno nemamo
dovoljno psihijatara ili psihologa u svetu
dovoljno psihijatara ili psihologa u svetu
04:11
to do the job.
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da urade taj posao.
04:12
In most low- and middle-income
countries, for instance,
countries, for instance,
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U većini slabije i srednje razvijenih
zemalja, na primer,
zemalja, na primer,
04:15
the ratio of psychiatrists
to the population
to the population
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broj psihijatara u odnosu na populaciju
04:18
is something like one for every
one and a half million people,
one and a half million people,
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je nešto nalik jedan
na svaki jedan i po milion ljudi,
na svaki jedan i po milion ljudi,
04:22
which literally means
that 90 percent of the people
that 90 percent of the people
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što doslovno znači da 90 posto ljudi
kojima trebaju usluge
u oblasti mentalnog zdravlja
u oblasti mentalnog zdravlja
04:26
needing mental health services
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04:28
will not get it.
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njih neće dobiti.
04:30
In my country,
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U mojoj zemlji,
04:31
there are 12 psychiatrists,
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imamo 12 psihijatara,
04:34
and I'm one of them,
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i ja sam jedan od njih,
04:36
for a population
of approximately 14 million.
of approximately 14 million.
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za populaciju koja broji
približno 14 miliona.
približno 14 miliona.
04:40
Now, let me just put that into context.
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Dozvolite mi da to stavim u kontekst.
04:43
One evening while I was at home,
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Jedne večeri dok sam bio kod kuće,
04:46
I get a call from the ER,
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dobio sam poziv iz urgentnog centra,
04:48
or the emergency room,
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ili hitne pomoći,
04:51
from a city which is some
200 kilometers away
200 kilometers away
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iz grada koji je udaljen
nekih 200 kilometara
nekih 200 kilometara
04:54
from where I live.
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od mesta gde ja živim.
I doktor iz urgentnog centra kaže:
04:56
And the ER doctor says,
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„Jedna od tvojih pacijentkinja,
neko koga si lečio pre četiri meseca,
neko koga si lečio pre četiri meseca,
04:57
"One of your patients,
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04:59
someone you treated four months ago,
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05:01
has just taken an overdose,
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se upravo predozirala
05:03
and they are in the ER department.
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i nalazi se na odeljenju urgentnog centra.
05:05
Hemodynamically, they seem to be OK,
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Hemodinamički, čini se da je dobro,
05:07
but they will need
neuropsychiatric evaluation."
neuropsychiatric evaluation."
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ali će joj trebati
neuropsihijatrijska procena.“
neuropsihijatrijska procena.“
05:11
Now, I obviously can't get into my car
in the middle of the night
in the middle of the night
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Ja očigledno ne mogu da sednem
u svoj auto usred noći
u svoj auto usred noći
05:14
and drive 200 kilometers.
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i da vozim 200 kilometara.
05:16
So as best as we could,
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Tako da, što smo bolje mogli,
05:18
over the phone with the ER doctor,
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putem telefona sa doktorom
iz urgentnog centra,
iz urgentnog centra,
05:21
we come up with an assessment.
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dolazimo do procene.
05:24
We ensure that suicidal
observations are in place.
observations are in place.
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Postaramo se da te suicidalne
opservacije budu na mestu.
opservacije budu na mestu.
05:29
We ensure that we start reviewing
the antidepressants
the antidepressants
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Postaramo se da počnemo
da pregledamo antidepresive
da pregledamo antidepresive
05:32
that this patient has been taking,
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koje je ova pacijentkinja uzimala,
05:34
and we finally conclude
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i konačno zaključujemo
05:37
that as soon as Erica --
that was her name, 26-year-old --
that was her name, 26-year-old --
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da čim se Erika -
tako se zvala, 26 godina starosti -
tako se zvala, 26 godina starosti -
05:40
as soon as Erica is ready
to be released from the ER,
to be released from the ER,
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da čim Erika bude spremna
da bude otpuštena iz urgentnog centra,
da bude otpuštena iz urgentnog centra,
05:44
she should come
directly to me with her mother,
directly to me with her mother,
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treba da dođe direktno kod mene
sa svojom majkom
sa svojom majkom
05:47
and I will evaluate
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i ja ću proceniti
05:49
and establish what can be done.
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i ustanoviti šta može da se uradi.
05:51
And we assumed that that would
take about a week.
take about a week.
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Pretpostavili smo
da će to trajati oko nedelju dana.
da će to trajati oko nedelju dana.
05:54
A week passes.
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Nedelja prođe.
05:56
Three weeks pass.
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Tri nedelje prođu.
05:57
No Erica.
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Nema Erike.
05:59
And one day I get a call
from Erica's mother,
from Erica's mother,
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Jednog dana dobijem poziv
od Erikine majke,
od Erikine majke,
06:02
and she says,
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i ona kaže:
06:04
"Erica committed suicide three days ago.
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„Erika je izvršila
samoubistvo pre tri dana.
samoubistvo pre tri dana.
06:07
She hanged herself from the mango tree
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Obesila o drvo manga
06:12
in the family garden."
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u porodičnoj bašti.“
06:16
Now, almost like a knee-jerk reaction,
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Gotovo kao automatska reakcija,
06:19
I couldn't help but ask,
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nisam mogao da izdržim, a da je ne pitam:
06:21
"But why didn't you come
to Harare, where I live?
to Harare, where I live?
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„Ali zašto niste došle
u Harare, gde ja živim?
u Harare, gde ja živim?
06:25
We had agreed that as soon
as you're released from the ER,
as you're released from the ER,
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Dogovorili smo se da ćete,
čim vas otpuste iz urgentnog centra,
čim vas otpuste iz urgentnog centra,
06:28
you will come to me."
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doći kod mene.“
06:30
Her response was brief.
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Njen odgovor je bio kratak.
06:34
"We didn't have the 15 dollars bus fare
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„Nismo imale 15 dolara za autobusku kartu
06:37
to come to Harare."
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da bismo došle u Harare.“
06:40
Now, suicide is not an unusual event
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Samoubistvo nije neuobičajen događaj
06:44
in the world of mental health.
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u svetu mentalnog zdravlja.
06:47
But there was something
about Erica's death
about Erica's death
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Ali postojalo je nešto
u vezi sa Erikinom smrću
u vezi sa Erikinom smrću
06:49
that struck me at the core
of my very being.
of my very being.
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što me je pogodilo do srži mog bića.
06:54
That statement from Erica's mother:
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Ta izjava Erikine majke:
06:57
"We didn't have 15 dollars bus fare
to come to you,"
to come to you,"
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„Nismo imale 15 dolara za autobusku kartu
da bismo došle kod vas"
da bismo došle kod vas"
07:03
made me realize
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naterala me je da shvatim
07:05
that it just wasn't going to work,
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da to jednostavno neće funkcionisati,
07:07
me expecting people to come to me.
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da očekujem da ljudi dolaze meni.
07:10
And I got into this state
of soul-searching,
of soul-searching,
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I dospeo sam u to stanje
duhovne potrage,
duhovne potrage,
07:14
trying to really discover my role
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pokušavajući da zaista otkrijem moju ulogu
07:18
as a psychiatrist in Africa.
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kao psihijatra u Africi.
07:21
And after considerable consultation
and soul-searching,
and soul-searching,
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I nakon značajnih konsultacija
i duhovne potrage,
i duhovne potrage,
07:25
talking to colleagues, friends and family,
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razgovora sa kolegama,
prijateljima i porodicom,
prijateljima i porodicom,
07:28
it suddenly dawned on me
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iznenada mi je svanulo
07:31
that actually, one the most reliable
resources we have in Africa
resources we have in Africa
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da, zapravo, jedan od najpouzdanijih
izvora koje mi imamo u Africi
izvora koje mi imamo u Africi
07:36
are grandmothers.
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su bake.
07:39
Yes, grandmothers.
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Da, bake.
07:41
And I thought,
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Pomislio sam,
07:43
grandmothers are in every community.
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bake su u svakoj zajednici.
07:46
There are hundreds of them.
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Na stotine njih.
07:48
And --
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I -
07:49
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:50
And they don't leave their communities
in search of greener pastures.
in search of greener pastures.
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I one ne odlaze iz svojih zajednica
u potrazi za zelenijim pašnjacima.
u potrazi za zelenijim pašnjacima.
07:55
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:57
See, the only time they leave
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Vidite, jedini put kada odlaze
07:59
is when they go to a greener
pasture called heaven.
pasture called heaven.
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je kada idu na zeleniji pašnjak
koji se zove nebo.
koji se zove nebo.
08:01
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:02
So I thought, how about
training grandmothers
training grandmothers
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Tako da sam razmišljao
o tome kako bi bilo obučavati bake
o tome kako bi bilo obučavati bake
08:06
in evidence-based talk therapy,
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terapiji kroz razgovor
koja je zasnovana na dokazima,
koja je zasnovana na dokazima,
08:09
which they can deliver on a bench?
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a koju one mogu da sprovedu na klupi?
08:13
Empower them with the skills to listen,
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Da ih osnažimo veštinama da slušaju,
08:16
to show empathy,
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da pokažu empatiju,
08:19
all of that rooted
in cognitive behavioral therapy;
in cognitive behavioral therapy;
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svemu ostalom na čemu se bazira
kognitivno bihejvioralna terapija;
kognitivno bihejvioralna terapija;
08:22
empower them with the skills
to provide behavior activation,
to provide behavior activation,
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da ih osnažimo veštinama
da pruže aktiviranje ponašanja,
da pruže aktiviranje ponašanja,
08:27
activity scheduling;
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planiranje aktivnosti
08:28
and support them using digital technology.
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i da ih podržimo
pomoću digitalne tehnologije.
pomoću digitalne tehnologije.
08:33
You know, mobile phone technology.
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Znate, mobilne tehnologije.
08:35
Pretty much everyone in Africa
has a mobile phone today.
has a mobile phone today.
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Gotovo svi u Africi
imaju mobilni telefon danas.
imaju mobilni telefon danas.
08:38
So in 2006,
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Pa, 2006. godine,
08:40
I started my first group
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osnovao sam svoju prvu grupu
08:44
of grandmothers.
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baki.
08:45
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
08:49
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
08:50
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
08:53
Today, there are hundreds of grandmothers
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Danas postoje stotine baka
08:56
who are working
in more than 70 communities.
in more than 70 communities.
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koje rade u više od 70 zajednica.
09:00
And in the last year alone,
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I samo u protekloj godini
09:03
more than 30,000 people received treatment
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je više od 30 000 ljudi dobilo lečenje
09:08
on the Friendship Bench
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u projektu Prijateljska klupa
09:09
from a grandmother
in a community in Zimbabwe.
in a community in Zimbabwe.
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od baka u jednoj zajednici u Zimbabveu.
09:13
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
09:21
And recently, we published this work
that is done by these grandmothers
that is done by these grandmothers
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Nedavno smo objavili ovaj rad
koji su ove bake sprovele
koji su ove bake sprovele
09:26
in the Journal of the American
Medical Association.
Medical Association.
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u časopisu Američkog
medicinskog udruženja.
medicinskog udruženja.
09:29
And --
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I -
09:30
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
09:32
And our results show
that six months after receiving treatment
that six months after receiving treatment
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I naši rezultati pokazuju da,
šest meseci nakon što dobiju lečenje
šest meseci nakon što dobiju lečenje
09:38
from a grandmother,
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od bake,
09:40
people were still symptom-free:
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ljudi su i dalje oslobođeni simptoma:
09:42
no depression,
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bez depresije,
09:44
suicidal ideation completely reduced.
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suicidalne misli su smanjene.
09:47
In fact, our results --
this was a clinical trial --
this was a clinical trial --
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U stvari, naši rezultati -
ovo je bilo kliničko ispitivanje -
ovo je bilo kliničko ispitivanje -
ovo kliničko ispitivanje
je u stvari pokazalo
je u stvari pokazalo
09:50
in fact, this clinical trial showed
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09:52
that grandmothers were more effective
at treating depression
at treating depression
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da su bake bile mnogo više efikasnije
u lečenju depresije
u lečenju depresije
09:56
than doctors and --
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od doktora i -
09:57
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:58
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
10:06
And so,
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Tako da,
10:08
we're now working towards
expanding this program.
expanding this program.
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mi sada radimo na tome
da proširimo program.
da proširimo program.
10:14
There are more than 600 million people
currently aged above 65 in the world.
currently aged above 65 in the world.
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Trenutno postoji više od 600 miliona ljudi
u svetu starijih od 65 godina.
u svetu starijih od 65 godina.
10:21
And by the year 2050,
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Do 2050. godine,
10:23
there will be 1.5 billion people
aged 65 and above.
aged 65 and above.
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biće 1,5 milijardi ljudi
starosti od 65 godina i preko toga.
starosti od 65 godina i preko toga.
10:29
Imagine if we could create
a global network of grandmothers
a global network of grandmothers
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Zamislite da možemo
da stvorimo globalnu mrežu baka
da stvorimo globalnu mrežu baka
10:35
in every major city in the world,
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u svakom većem gradu u svetu,
10:39
who are trained
in evidence-based talk therapy,
in evidence-based talk therapy,
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koje su obučene za terapiju razgovorom
koja je zasnovana na dokazima,
koja je zasnovana na dokazima,
10:44
supported through digital platforms,
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uz podršku putem digitalnih platformi,
10:46
networked.
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umreženih.
10:48
And they will make a difference
in communities.
in communities.
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One će doneti promenu u zajednicama.
10:53
They will reduce the treatment gap
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One će smanjiti raskorak u lečenju
10:55
for mental, neurological
and substance-use disorders.
and substance-use disorders.
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kod mentalnih i neuroloških poremećaja
i bolesti zavisnosti.
i bolesti zavisnosti.
11:00
Finally,
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Konačno,
11:01
this is a file photograph
of Grandmother Jack.
of Grandmother Jack.
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ovo je fotografija bake Džek.
11:05
So, Farai had six sessions on the bench
with Grandmother Jack.
with Grandmother Jack.
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Faraj je imala šest sesija
na klupi sa bakom Džek.
na klupi sa bakom Džek.
11:12
Today, Farai is employed.
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Danas, Faraj je zaposlena.
11:14
She has her two children at school.
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Dvoje njene dece ide u školu.
11:18
And as for Grandmother Jack,
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A što se bake Džek tiče,
11:20
one morning in February, we expected her
to see her 257th client on the bench.
to see her 257th client on the bench.
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jednog jutra u februaru,
očekivali smo da će se naći
sa svojim 257. klijentom na klupi.
sa svojim 257. klijentom na klupi.
11:28
She didn't show up.
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Nije se pojavila.
11:31
She had gone to a greener
pasture called heaven.
pasture called heaven.
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Otišla je na zeleniji pašnjak zvani nebo.
11:34
But I believe that Grandmother Jack,
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Ali ja verujem da baka Džek,
11:37
from up there,
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negde odozgo,
11:39
she's cheering on
all the other grandmothers --
all the other grandmothers --
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ona navija za sve ostale bake -
11:42
the increasing number of grandmothers
who are making a difference
who are making a difference
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sve veći broj baka koje ostavljaju traga
11:46
in the lives of thousands of people.
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u životima hiljada ljudi.
11:50
And I'm sure she's in awe
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I siguran sam da je ona ponosna
11:52
when she realizes that something
that she helped to pioneer
that she helped to pioneer
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kada shvati da se nešto
čemu je pomogla kao pionir
čemu je pomogla kao pionir
11:57
is now spreading to other countries,
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sada širi na druge zemlje,
12:00
like Malawi,
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kao što su Malavi,
12:01
the island of Zanzibar
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ostrvo Zanzibar
12:02
and coming closer to home
here in the Unites States
here in the Unites States
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i bliže vašem domu ovde u Americi
12:06
in the city of New York.
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u gradu Njujorku.
12:09
May her soul rest in peace.
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Neka joj duša počiva u miru.
12:12
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
12:13
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
12:16
(Cheering)
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(Ovacije)
(Aplauz)
12:18
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dixon Chibanda - PsychiatristDixon Chibanda is passionate about the human brain, how it influences our behavior and what we can do to make everybody happy.
Why you should listen
Dixon Chibanda is the director of the African Mental Health Research Initiative (AMARI). He's based in Zimbabwe, where he works on the Friendship Bench program, a cognitive behavioral therapy–based approach to kufungisisa, the local term for depression, literally translated into “thinking too much.” At the Friendship Bench, patients receive individual problem-solving therapy from a specifically trained lay health worker.
Chibanda is passionate about connecting with ordinary people in ways that improve their lives using simple but effective programs that can be carried out by non-specialists or professionals. He likes to think outside the box as he explores ways of helping people with conditions such as depression, PTSD and ADHD.
Dixon Chibanda | Speaker | TED.com