ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kang Lee - Developmental researcher
Kang Lee has devoted his career to understanding the development of social cognition and behavior.

Why you should listen

With an international team based at the University of Toronto, Kang Lee investigates the neurological and social basis of emerging social behaviors in young children. His two­-pronged research focuses first on how and when children develop the capacity to lie, to detect liesand to feel guilty about it afterwards.

The second focus of Lee's research is facial recognition, which has led to revelations of when children develop the ability to distinguish races ­­and has helped explain why some people occasionally see Jesus' face on a piece of toast.

More profile about the speaker
Kang Lee | Speaker | TED.com
TED2016

Kang Lee: Can you really tell if a kid is lying?

Kang Lee: Unaweza kujua kweli kama mtoto anadanganya?

Filmed:
8,673,675 views

Je watoto hawadanganyi vizuri? Unafikiri unaweza kugundua uwongo wao kwa urahisi? Mtafiti wa maendeleo Kang Lee amechunguza nini kinatokea kisaikolojia kwa watoto wanapodanganya. Wanafanya mara nyingi kuanzia umri mdogo wa miaka miwili, na hakika wanafanya vizuri kweli. Lee anaelezea kwanini tusherehekee wakati watoto wanaanza kudanganya na kuwasilisha teknolojia mpya ya kugundua uwongo ambayo siku moja itaonyesha hisia zetu zilizojificha.
- Developmental researcher
Kang Lee has devoted his career to understanding the development of social cognition and behavior. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
HiHujambo.
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Habari
00:14
Let me askkuuliza the audiencewatazamaji a questionswali:
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Ngoja niiulize hadhira swali:
00:16
Did you ever lieuongo as a childmtoto?
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Ulishawahi kudanganya ukiwa mtoto?
00:19
If you did, could you please
raisekuinua your handmkono?
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Kama uliwahi, unaweza
kunyanyua mkono tafadhali?
00:23
WowWOW! This is the mostwengi honestwaaminifu
groupkikundi of people I've ever metalikutana.
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Wow! hili ni kundi la watu wakweli
kuliko wote niliowahi kukutana nao.
00:26
(LaughterKicheko)
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(Kicheko)
00:28
So for the last 20 yearsmiaka,
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Hadi sasa kwa miaka 20 iliyopita,
00:30
I've been studyingkusoma
how childrenwatoto learnkujifunza to tell liesuongo.
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Nimekuwa nikisoma
jinsi watoto wanavyojifunza kudanganya.
00:33
And todayleo, I'm going to sharekushiriki with you
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Na leo, nitawashirikisha
00:36
some of the discoveriesuvumbuzi we have madealifanya.
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baadhi ya ugunduzi tulioupata.
00:38
But to beginkuanza, I'm going to tell you
a storyhadithi from MrMr. RichardRichard MessinaMessina,
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Ila kwa kuanza, nitawaambia
hadithi kutoka kwa Bwana Richard Messina,
00:43
who is my friendrafiki and an elementarymsingi
schoolshule principalMkuu.
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ambaye ni rafiki yangu na mkuu wa
shule ya msingi.
00:47
He got a phonesimu call one day.
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Alipokea simu siku moja.
00:51
The calleryake saysanasema,
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Aliyepiga akasema,
00:52
"MrMr. MessinaMessina, my sonmwana JohnnyJohnny
will not come to schoolshule todayleo
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"Bwana Messina, mtoto wangu Johnny
hatakuja shuleni leo
00:56
because he's sickmgonjwa."
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kwasababu anaumwa."
00:58
MrMr. MessinaMessina asksanauliza,
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Bwana Messina akauliza,
01:00
"Who am I speakingakizungumza to, please?"
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"Naongea na nani, tafadhali?"
01:02
And the calleryake saysanasema,
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Na aliyepiga akasema,
01:04
"I am my fatherbaba."
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"Mimi ni baba yangu."
01:05
(LaughterKicheko)
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(Kicheko)
01:10
So this storyhadithi --
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Sasa hadithi hii --
01:11
(LaughterKicheko)
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(Vicheko)
01:13
sumskiasi up very nicelyvizuri
threetatu commonkawaida beliefsimani we have
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inajumlisha vizuri sana
imani tatu zilizo zoeleka tulizonazo
01:17
about childrenwatoto and lyingkusema uongo.
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kuhusu watoto na kudanganya.
01:20
One, childrenwatoto only come to tell liesuongo
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Moja, watoto huja tu kusema uongo
01:24
after enteringkuingia elementarymsingi schoolshule.
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baada ya kuingia shule ya msingi.
01:27
Two, childrenwatoto are poormaskini liarswaongo.
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Mbili, watoto hawadanganyi vizuri.
01:29
We adultswatu wazima can easilykwa urahisi detectkuchunguza theirwao liesuongo.
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Watu wazima twaweza kugundua uwongo wao.
01:32
And threetatu, if childrenwatoto lieuongo
at a very youngvijana ageumri,
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Na tatu, kama watoto watadanganya
katika umri mdogo sana,
01:36
there mustlazima be some
charactertabia flawsdosari with them,
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lazima watakuwa na makosa
kitabia,
01:39
and they are going to becomekuwa
pathologicalpathological liarswaongo for life.
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na watakuja kuwa
wagonjwa wa kudanganya maishani.
01:44
Well, it turnsinageuka out
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Hivyo inaonekana kwamba
01:46
all of the threetatu beliefsimani are wrongsi sawa.
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imani zote tatu hazikuwa sahihi.
01:50
We have been playingkucheza guessingwanamteta gamesmichezo
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Tumekuwa tukifanya mchezo wa kukisia
01:53
with childrenwatoto all over the worldulimwengu.
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na watoto dunia nzima.
01:55
Here is an examplemfano.
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Huu ni mfano
01:56
So in this gamemchezo, we askedaliuliza childrenwatoto
to guessnadhani the numbersnambari on the cardskadi.
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Hivyo katika mchezo huu, tunauliza watoto
kukisia namba kwenye kadi.
02:01
And we tell them if they winkushinda the gamemchezo,
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Na tunawaambia wakishinda mchezo,
02:04
they are going to get a bigkubwa prizetuzo.
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watapata zawadi kubwa.
02:07
But in the middlekatikati of the gamemchezo,
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Lakini katikati ya mchezo,
02:09
we make an excuseudhuru and leaveshika the roomchumba.
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tunatoa udhuru na kutoka kwenye chumba.
02:13
And before we leaveshika the roomchumba,
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Na kabla ya kutoka kwenye chumba,
02:15
we tell them not to peekPeek at the cardskadi.
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tunawaambia wasichungulie kwenye kadi.
02:19
Of coursebila shaka,
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Bila shaka,
02:20
we have hiddensiri cameraskamera in the roomchumba
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tuna kamera zilizofichwa katika chumba
02:23
to watch theirwao everykila movehoja.
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kuangalia kila hatua yao.
02:26
Because the desirehamu
to winkushinda the gamemchezo is so strongnguvu,
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Kwasababu haja ya kushinda
mchezo ni kubwa sana,
02:29
more than 90 percentasilimia of childrenwatoto will peekPeek
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zaidi ya asilimia 90 ya watoto
watachungulia
02:33
as soonhivi karibuni as we leaveshika the roomchumba.
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mara tutakapotoka chumbani.
02:34
(LaughterKicheko)
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(Kicheko)
02:37
The crucialmuhimu questionswali is:
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Swali la msingi ni:
02:39
When we returnkurudi and askkuuliza the childrenwatoto
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Tutakaporudi na kuuliza watoto
02:41
whetherkama or not they have peekedpeeked,
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Kama wamechungulia au la,
02:44
will the childrenwatoto who peekedpeeked confesskukiri
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watoto waliochungulia watakiri
02:47
or lieuongo about theirwao transgressionmakosa?
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au watadanganya kuhusu makosa yao?
02:51
We foundkupatikana that regardlessbila kujali
of genderjinsia, countrynchi, religiondini,
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Tuligundua kwamba bila kujali
jinsia, nchi, au dini,
02:56
at two yearsmiaka of ageumri,
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katika umri wa miaka miwili,
02:59
30 percentasilimia lieuongo,
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asilimia 30 hudanganya,
03:01
70 percentasilimia tell the truthukweli
about theirwao transgressionmakosa.
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asilimia 70 husema ukweli
kuhusu makosa yao.
03:04
At threetatu yearsmiaka of ageumri,
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Katika umri wa miaka mitatu,
03:07
50 percentasilimia lieuongo and 50 percentasilimia
tell the truthukweli.
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asilimia 50 hudanganya na asilimia 50
husema kweli.
03:11
At fournne yearsmiaka of ageumri,
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Katika umri wa miaka minne,
03:13
more than 80 percentasilimia lieuongo.
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zaidi ya asilimia 80 hudanganya.
03:16
And after fournne yearsmiaka of ageumri,
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Na baada ya miaka minne,
03:18
mostwengi childrenwatoto lieuongo.
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watoto wengi hudanganya.
03:21
So as you can see,
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Hivyo unaweza kuona,
03:22
lyingkusema uongo is really a typicalkawaida partsehemu
of developmentmaendeleo.
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kudanganya ni sehemu halisi
ya kuendelea.
03:26
And some childrenwatoto beginkuanza to tell liesuongo
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Na baadhi ya watoto huanza kusema uwongo
03:28
as youngvijana as two yearsmiaka of ageumri.
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wakiwa na umri mdogo wa miaka miwili.
03:32
So now, let's take a closerkaribu look
at the youngermdogo childrenwatoto.
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Hivyo sasa, tuangalie kwa ukaribu
watoto wadogo.
03:37
Why do some but not all
youngvijana childrenwatoto lieuongo?
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Kwanini baadhi na sio wote
watoto wadogo hudanganya?
03:42
In cookingkupikia, you need good ingredientsviungo
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Katika mapishi unahitaji viungo vizuri
03:45
to cookkupika good foodchakula.
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kupika chakula kizuri.
03:47
And good lyingkusema uongo requiresinahitaji
two keyufunguo ingredientsviungo.
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Na uongo mzuri unahitaji
viungo viwili vikuu.
03:53
The first keyufunguo ingredientkiambato
is theorynadharia of mindakili,
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Kiungo kikuu cha kwanza
ni nadharia ya akili,
03:57
or the mind-readingakili ya kusoma abilityuwezo.
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au uwezo wa kusoma- akili.
03:59
MindAkili readingkusoma is the abilityuwezo to know
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Kusoma akili ni uwezo wa kujua
04:01
that differenttofauti people have
differenttofauti knowledgeujuzi about the situationhali
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kwamba watu tofauti wana
ufahamu tofauti kuhusu hali fulani
04:06
and the abilityuwezo to differentiatetofauti
betweenkati what I know
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na uwezo wa kutofautisha
kati ya ninachojua
04:10
and what you know.
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na kile unachojua
04:11
MindAkili readingkusoma is importantmuhimu for lyingkusema uongo
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Kusoma akili ni muhimu kwa kudanganya
04:14
because the basismsingi of lyingkusema uongo is that I know
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kwasababu ya msingi wa kudanganya ni najua
04:18
you don't know
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hujui
04:19
what I know.
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ninachojua.
04:20
ThereforeKwa hivyo, I can lieuongo to you.
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Hivyo, naweza kukudanganya.
04:23
The secondpili keyufunguo ingredientkiambato
for good lyingkusema uongo is self-controlkujidhibiti.
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Kiungo cha pili muhimu
04:27
It is the abilityuwezo to controlkudhibiti your speechhotuba,
your facialusoni expressionkujieleza
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Ni uwezo wa kudhibiti maneno yako,
kuonyesha hisia usoni
04:32
and your bodymwili languagelugha,
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na lugha ya mwili,
04:33
so that you can tell a convincingkushawishi lieuongo.
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ili kwamba unaweza kusema uongo thabiti.
04:36
And we foundkupatikana that those youngvijana childrenwatoto
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Na tulikuta kwamba wale watoto wadogo
04:40
who have more advancedya juu mind-readingakili ya kusoma
and self-controlkujidhibiti abilitiesuwezo
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walio na uwezo mkubwa wa kusoma akili
na uwezo wa kujidhibiti
04:45
tell liesuongo earliermapema
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husema uwongo mapema
04:47
and are more sophisticatedkisasa liarswaongo.
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na ni waongo wa kisasa.
04:51
As it turnsinageuka out, these two abilitiesuwezo
are alsopia essentialmuhimu for all of us
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Kama inavyokuwa, uwezo huu wa aina mbili
ni muhimu pia kwetu sote
04:57
to functionkazi well in our societyjamii.
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kuweza kufanya kazi katika jamii yetu.
05:00
In factukweli, deficitsdeficits in mind-readingakili ya kusoma
and self-controlkujidhibiti abilitiesuwezo
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Ki ukweli, kushindwa kusoma akili
na uwezo wa kujidhibiti
05:05
are associatedkuhusishwa with seriousmbaya
developmentalmaendeleo problemsmatatizo,
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vinahusianishwa na matatizo makubwa
ya ukuaji,
05:08
suchvile as ADHDKUKOSA UTULIVU and autismautism.
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kama ADHD na usonji.
05:13
So if you discovergundua your two-year-oldmwenye umri wa miaka miwili
is tellingkuwaambia his or her first lieuongo,
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Hivyo ukigundua mtoto wako wa miaka miwili
anakudanganya kwa mara ya kwanza,
05:19
insteadbadala yake of beingkuwa alarmedalishtuka,
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badala ya kushtushwa,
05:21
you should celebratekusherehekea --
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unatakiwa usherehekee--
05:22
(LaughterKicheko)
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(Kicheko)
05:24
because it signalsishara that your childmtoto
has arrivedaliwasili at a newmpya milestonehatua muhimu
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kwasababu inaashiria kwamba mtoto wako
amefikia hatua mpya
05:29
of typicalkawaida developmentmaendeleo.
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ya ukuaji wa kawaida.
05:33
Now, are childrenwatoto poormaskini liarswaongo?
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Sasa, watoto hawadanganyi vizuri?
05:36
Do you think you can easilykwa urahisi
detectkuchunguza theirwao liesuongo?
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Unafikiri unaweza kugundua
udanganyifu wao kirahisi?
05:40
Would you like to give it a try?
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Ungependa kujaribu?
05:42
Yes? OK.
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Ndio? Sawa.
05:44
So I'm going to showonyesha you two videosvideo.
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Sasa nitakuonyesha video mbili
05:47
In the videosvideo,
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Kwenye video,
05:48
the childrenwatoto are going to respondjibu
to a researcher'sya mtafiti questionswali,
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watoto watajibu maswali ya
utafiti,
05:51
"Did you peekPeek?"
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"Ulichungulia?"
05:52
So try to tell me
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Sasa jaribu kuniambia
05:54
whichambayo childmtoto is lyingkusema uongo
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mtoto yupi anadanganya
05:55
and whichambayo childmtoto is tellingkuwaambia the truthukweli.
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na mtoto yupi anasema ukweli.
05:58
Here'sHapa ni childmtoto numbernambari one.
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Huyu ni mtoto namba moja.
06:00
Are you readytayari?
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Uko tayari?
06:03
(VideoVideo) AdultWatu wazima: Did you peekPeek? ChildMtoto: No.
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(Video) Mtu: Ulichungulia? Mtoto: Hapana
06:05
KangKang LeeLee: And this is childmtoto numbernambari two.
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Kang Lee: Na huyu ni mtoto namba mbili.
06:09
(VideoVideo) AdultWatu wazima: Did you peekPeek? ChildMtoto: No.
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(Video) Mtu: Ulichungulia? Mtoto: Hapana.
06:13
KLKL: OK, if you think
childmtoto numbernambari one is lyingkusema uongo,
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KL: OK, kama unafikiri
mtoto namba moja anadanganya,
06:16
please raisekuinua your handmkono.
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tafadhali inua mkono wako.
06:20
And if you think childmtoto numbernambari two
is lyingkusema uongo, please raisekuinua your handmkono.
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Na kama unafikiri mtoto namba mbili
anadanganya, tafadhali inua mkono wako.
06:25
OK, so as a matterjambo of factukweli,
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OK, kusema ukweli,
06:28
childmtoto numbernambari one is tellingkuwaambia the truthukweli,
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mtoto namba moja anasema ukweli,
06:31
childmtoto numbernambari two is lyingkusema uongo.
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mtoto namba mbili anadanganya.
06:34
LooksInaonekana like manywengi of you are terriblembaya
detectorsdetectors of children'swatoto liesuongo.
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Inaonekana wengi wenu sio wagunduzi
wazuri wa uwongo wa watoto.
06:37
(LaughterKicheko)
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(Kicheko)
06:39
Now, we have playedalicheza similarsawa kindsaina of gamesmichezo
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Sasa, tumeshiriki kwenye michezo sawasawa
06:43
with manywengi, manywengi adultswatu wazima
from all walkshuenda of life.
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na watu wazima wengi sana
kutoka sehemu zote za maisha.
06:48
And we showonyesha them manywengi videosvideo.
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Na tunawaonyesha video nyingi.
06:51
In halfnusu of the videosvideo, the childrenwatoto liedwaliongozwa.
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Katika nusu ya video, watoto walidanganya.
06:53
In the other halfnusu of the videosvideo,
the childrenwatoto told the truthukweli.
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Katika nusu ya video nyingine,
watoto walisema ukweli.
06:58
And let's find out
how these adultswatu wazima performedalifanya.
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Ngoja tuone
watu wazima hawa walifanyaje.
07:02
Because there are as manywengi liarswaongo
as truthukweli tellersramli,
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Kwasababu kuna waongo wengi
kama wasema kweli,
07:06
if you guessnadhani randomlyrandomly,
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ukikisia kwa kubahatisha,
07:08
there's a 50 percentasilimia chancenafasi
you're going to get it right.
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kunauwezekano wa asilimia 50
ukapatia.
07:12
So if your accuracyusahihi is around 50 percentasilimia,
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Hivyo ikiwa usahihi wako ni takriban
asilimia 50,
07:16
it meansina maana you are a terriblembaya detectordetector
of children'swatoto liesuongo.
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inamaanisha wewe ni mgunduzi mbaya
wa uwongo wa watoto.
07:20
So let's startkuanza with undergradsundergrads
and lawsheria schoolshule studentswanafunzi,
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Sasa tuanze na wanafunzi wa shahada
ya kwanza na wanafunzi wa sheria,
07:24
who typicallykawaida have
limitedmdogo experienceuzoefu with childrenwatoto.
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ambao kwa ujumla
hawana uzoefu na watoto.
07:30
No, they cannothaiwezi detectkuchunguza children'swatoto liesuongo.
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Hapana hawawezi kugundua uwongo wa watoto
07:32
TheirYao performanceutendaji is around chancenafasi.
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Utendaji wao ni wa kubahatisha
07:34
Now how about socialkijamii workerswafanyakazi
and child-protectionulinzi wa mtoto lawyerswanasheria,
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Sasa vipi kuhusu wafanyakazi za jamii
na walinda haki za watoto,
07:39
who work with childrenwatoto on a dailykila siku basismsingi?
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wanaofanyakazi na watoto kila siku?
07:42
Can they detectkuchunguza children'swatoto liesuongo?
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Wanaweza kugundua uwongo wa watoto?
07:45
No, they cannothaiwezi.
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Hapana, hawawezi,
07:46
(LaughterKicheko)
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(Kicheko)
07:47
What about judgesmajaji,
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Vipi kuhusu majaji,
07:49
customsforodha officersmaafisa
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maafisa forodha
07:51
and policepolisi officersmaafisa,
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na maafisa polisi,
07:53
who dealtoa with liarswaongo on a dailykila siku basismsingi?
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wanaokutana na wadanganyifu kila siku?
07:55
Can they detectkuchunguza children'swatoto liesuongo?
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Wanaweza kugundua uwongo wa watoto?
07:58
No, they cannothaiwezi.
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Hapana hawawezi.
08:00
What about parentswazazi?
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Vipi kuhusu wazazi?
08:01
Can parentswazazi detectkuchunguza other children'swatoto liesuongo?
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Wazazi wanaweza kugundua uwongo wa watoto
wengine?
08:05
No, they cannothaiwezi.
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Hapana, hawawezi.
08:07
What about, can parentswazazi
detectkuchunguza theirwao ownmwenyewe children'swatoto liesuongo?
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Inawezekana wazazi
kugundua uwongo wa watoto wao wenyewe?
08:13
No, they cannothaiwezi.
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Hapana, hawawezi.
08:14
(LaughterKicheko) (ApplauseMakofi)
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(Kicheko) (Makofi)
08:17
So now you mayinaweza askkuuliza
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Hivyo sasa unaweza kuuliza
08:20
why children'swatoto liesuongo
are so difficultvigumu to detectkuchunguza.
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kwanini uwongo wa watoto
ni vigumu kuugundua.
08:24
Let me illustratekuonyesha this
with my ownmwenyewe sonmwana, NathanNathani.
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Ngoja niwaonyeshe hili
na mtoto wangu mwenyewe, Nathan
08:27
This is his facialusoni expressionkujieleza
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Hii ni hisia za uso wake
08:30
when he liesuongo.
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anapodanganya.
08:31
(LaughterKicheko)
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(Kicheko)
08:33
So when childrenwatoto lieuongo,
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Hivyo wakati watoto wanadanganya,
08:35
theirwao facialusoni expressionkujieleza
is typicallykawaida neutralneutral.
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hisia za nyuso zao
ni za kawaida.
08:39
HoweverHata hivyo, behindnyuma this neutralneutral expressionkujieleza,
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Ingawa nyuma ya hii hisia ya kawaida,
08:42
the childmtoto is actuallykwa kweli experiencinginakabiliwa
a lot of emotionshisia,
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mtoto kiukweli hupitia
hisia nyingi,
08:45
suchvile as fearhofu, guilthatia, shameaibu
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kama hofu, hatia, fedheha
08:49
and maybe a little bitkidogo of liar'smwongo wa delightfuraha.
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na pengine raha ya kudanganya kidogo.
08:52
(LaughterKicheko)
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(Kicheko)
08:55
UnfortunatelyKwa bahati mbaya, suchvile emotionshisia
are eitherama fleetingya kidunia or hiddensiri.
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Bahati mbaya, hisia za aina hiyo
ni aidha za muda mfupi au zimejificha
09:00
ThereforeKwa hivyo, it's mostlyzaidi invisibleasiyeonekana to us.
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Kwahiyo, ni ambazo hazionekani kwetu.
09:03
So in the last fivetano yearsmiaka,
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Kwa miaka mitano iliyopita,
09:05
we have been tryingkujaribu to figuretakwimu out a way
to revealOnyesha these hiddensiri emotionshisia.
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tumekuwa tukijaribu kutafuta njia
ya kuonyesha hisia hizi zilizojificha.
09:08
Then we madealifanya a discoveryugunduzi.
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Kisha tukapata ugunduzi.
09:11
We know that underneathchini our facialusoni skinngozi,
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Tunajua kwamba chini ya ngozi
za nyuso zetu,
09:14
there's a richtajiri networkmtandao of blooddamu vesselsvyombo.
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kuna mtandao mkubwa wa mishipa ya damu.
09:17
When we experienceuzoefu differenttofauti emotionshisia,
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Tunapopitia hisia tofauti,
09:20
our facialusoni blooddamu flowmtiririko changesmabadiliko subtlysubtly.
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msukumo wa damu usoni hubadilika
bila kujua.
09:23
And these changesmabadiliko are regulatedhizo
by the autonomicautonomic systemmfumo
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Na mabadiliko haya huendeshwa
kwa mfumo wa autonomiki
09:27
that is beyondzaidi our consciousFahamu controlkudhibiti.
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ambayo ni nje ya uwezo wetu kudhibiti.
09:30
By looking at facialusoni blooddamu flowmtiririko changesmabadiliko,
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Kwa kuangalia mabadiliko ya msukumo
wa damu usoni,
09:34
we can revealOnyesha people'swatu hiddensiri emotionshisia.
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tunaweza kuonyesha hisia za watu
zilizojificha.
09:37
UnfortunatelyKwa bahati mbaya, suchvile emotion-relatedkuhusiana na hisia
facialusoni blooddamu flowmtiririko changesmabadiliko
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Bahati mbaya, hisia hizo zinazohusiana
na mabadiliko ya msukumo wa damu usoni
09:42
are too subtlehila to detectkuchunguza by our nakeduchi eyejicho.
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ni vigumu sana kugundua kwa macho yetu.
09:45
So to help us revealOnyesha
people'swatu facialusoni emotionshisia,
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Hivyo kusaidia kuonyesha
hisia za watu usoni,
09:49
we have developedmaendeleo a newmpya imagingTaswira technologyteknolojia
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tumeunda teknolojia mpya ya picha
09:52
we call "transdermaltransdermal opticalchore imagingTaswira."
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tunaiita "tansderaml optical imaging"
09:56
To do so, we use a regularmara kwa mara
videovideo camerakamera to recordrekodi people
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Kufanya hivyo tunatumia kamera ya video
ya kawaida kurekodi watu
10:00
when they experienceuzoefu
variousmbalimbali hiddensiri emotionshisia.
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wanapokuwa na hisia mbalimbali
zilizojificha
10:04
And then, usingkutumia our imagepicha
processingusindikaji technologyteknolojia,
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Na kisha, kwa kutumia teknolojia
ya usindikaji picha,
10:08
we can extractDondoa transdermaltransdermal imagesPicha
of facialusoni blooddamu flowmtiririko changesmabadiliko.
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tunaweza kupata picha kupitia ngozi
za mabadiliko ya msukumo wa damu usoni.
10:16
By looking at transdermaltransdermal videovideo imagesPicha,
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Kwa kuangalia video za picha
kupitia ngozi,
10:20
now we can easilykwa urahisi see
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sasa tunaweza kuona kwa urahisi
10:23
facialusoni blooddamu flowmtiririko changesmabadiliko associatedkuhusishwa
with the variousmbalimbali hiddensiri emotionshisia.
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mabadiliko ya msukumo wa damu usoni
yanayohusiana na hisia zilizojificha.
10:29
And usingkutumia this technologyteknolojia,
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Na kwa kutumia teknolojia hii,
10:31
we can now revealOnyesha the hiddensiri emotionshisia
associatedkuhusishwa with lyingkusema uongo,
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tunaweza kuonyesha hisia zilizojificha
zinazohusiana na udanganyifu,
10:36
and thereforekwa hiyo detectkuchunguza people'swatu liesuongo.
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na kwahiyo kugundua uwongo wa watu.
10:39
We can do so noninvasivelynoninvasively,
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tunaweza kufanya bila upasuaji,
10:41
remotelymbali, inexpensivelybila gharama,
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kwa mbali, na gharama nafuu
10:44
with an accuracyusahihi at about 85 percentasilimia,
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kwa usahihi wa takriban asilimia 85
10:48
whichambayo is farmbali better than chancenafasi levelngazi.
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ambayo ni bora kuliko kubahatisha.
10:51
And in additionkuongeza, we discoveredaligundua
a PinocchioPinocchio effectathari.
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Na kwa kuongezea, tumegundua
athari za Pinikio.
10:56
No, not this PinocchioPinocchio effectathari.
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Hapana, sio athari za Pinokio huyu.
10:58
(LaughterKicheko)
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(Kicheko)
10:59
This is the realhalisi PinocchioPinocchio effectathari.
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Hizi ni athari za kweli za Pinokio.
11:01
When people lieuongo,
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Wakati watu wanapodanganya,
11:03
the facialusoni blooddamu flowmtiririko
on the cheeksmashavu decreasesitapungua,
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msukumo wa damu usoni
kwenye mashavu hupungua,
11:06
and the facialusoni blooddamu flowmtiririko
on the nosepua increaseshuongezeka.
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na msukumo wa damu usoni
kwenye pua huongezeka.
11:11
Of coursebila shaka, lyingkusema uongo is not the only situationhali
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Hata hivyo, kudanganya sio tukio pekee
11:14
that will evokekumfukuza our hiddensiri emotionshisia.
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ambalo litaamsha hisia zilizojificha.
11:17
So then we askedaliuliza ourselvessisi wenyewe,
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Hivyo basi tukajiuliza wenyewe,
11:19
in additionkuongeza to detectingkugundua liesuongo,
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pamoja na kugundua uwongo,
11:22
how can our technologyteknolojia be used?
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teknolojia yetu inaweza kutumikaje?
11:25
One applicationprogramu is in educationelimu.
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Utumikaji wake mmoja ni kwenye elimu.
11:28
For examplemfano, usingkutumia this technologyteknolojia,
we can help this mathematicshisabati teachermwalimu
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Kwa mfano, kwa kutumia teknolojia hii,
tunaweza kumsaidia mwalimu huyu wa hesabu
11:33
to identifytambua the studentmwanafunzi in his classroomdarasa
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kutambua wanafunzi darasani kwake
11:36
who mayinaweza experienceuzoefu highjuu anxietywasiwasi
about the topicmada he's teachingkufundisha
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wanapata woga mkubwa
kuhusu mada anayofundisha
11:40
so that he can help him.
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ili iweze kumsaidia.
11:43
And alsopia we can use this in healthafya carehuduma.
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Na pia tunaweza kuitumia katika huduma
za afya.
11:46
For examplemfano, everykila day I SkypeSkype my parentswazazi,
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Mfano, kila siku natumia huduma ya
Skype kuwasilina na wazazi wangu,
11:49
who livekuishi thousandsmaelfu of milesmaili away.
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wanaoishi maelfu ya maili mbali.
11:52
And usingkutumia this technologyteknolojia,
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Na kwa kutumia teknolojia hii,
11:54
I can not only find out
what's going on in theirwao livesanaishi
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Sio tu najua kinachoendelea
katika maisha yao
11:57
but alsopia simultaneouslywakati huo huo monitorkufuatilia
theirwao heartmoyo ratekiwango, theirwao stressshida levelngazi,
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lakini pia sambamba na kuangalia mapigo
yao ya moyo na kiwango cha msongo,
12:03
theirwao moodhisia and whetherkama or not
they are experiencinginakabiliwa painmaumivu.
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hali zao na kama wanapata
au hawapati maumivu.
12:07
And perhapslabda in the futurebaadaye,
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Na pengine kwa siku za mbele,
12:09
theirwao riskshatari for heartmoyo attackkushambulia
or hypertensionshinikizo la damu.
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hatari za mshtuko wa moyo au
shinikizo la damu
12:13
And you mayinaweza askkuuliza:
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Na unaweza kuuliza:
12:15
Can we use this alsopia to revealOnyesha
politicians'wanasiasa emotionshisia?
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Tunaweza kutumia hii pia
kuonyesha hisia za wanasiasa?
12:20
(LaughterKicheko)
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(Kicheko)
12:22
For examplemfano, duringwakati a debatemjadala.
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Kwa mfano, wakati wa mijadala
12:25
Well, the answerjibu is yes.
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Kwakweli, jibu ni ndio.
12:27
UsingKutumia TVTV footagepicha,
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Kutumia kipande kinachorushwa
kwenye TV,
12:29
we could detectkuchunguza
the politicians'wanasiasa heartmoyo ratekiwango,
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tunaweza kugundua mapigo ya moyo
ya mwanasiasa,
12:33
moodhisia and stressshida,
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hali na msongo,
12:35
and perhapslabda in the futurebaadaye,
whetherkama or not they are lyingkusema uongo to us.
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na pengine katika siku za mbele.
iwe wanatudanganya au sivyo.
12:39
We can alsopia use this
in marketingmasoko researchutafiti,
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Tunaweza pia kutumia hii
katika utafiti wa masoko,
12:42
for examplemfano, to find out
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kwa mfano, kujua
12:44
whetherkama or not people like
certainfulani consumerwatumiaji productsbidhaa.
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kama watu wanapenda au hawapendi
bidhaa fulani za matumizi.
12:49
We can even use it in datingdating.
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Tunaweza hata kutumia kwenye miadi.
12:51
So for examplemfano,
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Sasa kwa mfano
12:53
if your datetarehe is smilingkusisimua at you,
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Ikiwa mliyeahidiana anakuonyesha tabasamu,
12:55
this technologyteknolojia can help you to determinekuamua
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teknolojia hii inaweza kukusaidia kujua
12:58
whetherkama she actuallykwa kweli likesanapenda you
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kama anakupenda kweli
13:01
or she is just tryingkujaribu to be nicenzuri to you.
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au anajaribu tu kuonyesha wema kwako.
13:03
And in this casekesi,
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Na kwa suala hili,
13:05
she is just tryingkujaribu to be nicenzuri to you.
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anajaribu kuonyesha wema kwako.
13:07
(LaughterKicheko)
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(Kicheko)
13:11
So transdermaltransdermal opticalchore imagingTaswira technologyteknolojia
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Hivyo teknolojia ya transdermal optical
imaging
13:14
is at a very earlymapema stagehatua of developmentmaendeleo.
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iko katika hatua za mwanzo za kuendelezwa.
13:17
ManyWengi newmpya applicationsmaombi will come about
that we don't know todayleo.
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Matumizi mengi mapya yatakuja
ambayo hatuyajui leo.
13:22
HoweverHata hivyo, one thing I know for sure
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Ingawa, kitu kimoja ninachojua kwa uhakika
13:25
is that lyingkusema uongo will never
be the samesawa again.
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ni kwamba kudanganya
hakutakuwa kama zamani tena.
13:28
Thank you very much.
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Asanteni sana.
13:29
XiXIè xiexie.
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Asanteni.
(Makofi)
13:31
(ApplauseMakofi)
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Translated by Leah Ligate
Reviewed by Joachim Mangilima

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kang Lee - Developmental researcher
Kang Lee has devoted his career to understanding the development of social cognition and behavior.

Why you should listen

With an international team based at the University of Toronto, Kang Lee investigates the neurological and social basis of emerging social behaviors in young children. His two­-pronged research focuses first on how and when children develop the capacity to lie, to detect liesand to feel guilty about it afterwards.

The second focus of Lee's research is facial recognition, which has led to revelations of when children develop the ability to distinguish races ­­and has helped explain why some people occasionally see Jesus' face on a piece of toast.

More profile about the speaker
Kang Lee | Speaker | TED.com