ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mike Gil - Marine biologist
TED Fellow Mike Gil conducts field experiments and builds mathematical models to understand how marine ecosystems function.

Why you should listen

Marine biologist, National Geographic Explorer and TED Fellow Mike Gil conducts field experiments and builds mathematical models to understand how marine ecosystems function. This understanding, he says, is crucial for humankind to build a sustainable future. Gil has led research around the world: from coral reefs in the Caribbean, French Polynesia and Southeast Asia, to "microislands" of plastic garbage, teeming with life, in the middle of the Pacific. Currently, Gil uses novel multi-camera systems in the field combined with computer vision technology to explore, at an unprecedented scale and resolution, how coral reef fish behave, socialize and affect entire coral reef ecosystems. Gil's scientific discoveries and his often unorthodox approaches have garnered significant national and international media attention.

In addition to being a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of California, Davis, Gil is also an avid and award-winning science communicator. As a self-described "science-hater turned scientist" from humble beginnings, he is passionate about diversity and inclusion in STEM fields. To this end, Gil founded and runs the nonprofit SciAll.org, which uses free online videos to bring mass public audiences along for the adventures that come with a career in science. Through his research and outreach, Gil aims to deliver a timely message to humanity: science is exhilarating, accessible and in the service of all.

More profile about the speaker
Mike Gil | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2017

Mike Gil: Could fish social networks help us save coral reefs?

Filmed:
1,010,095 views

Mike Gil spies on fish: using novel multi-camera systems and computer vision technology, the TED Fellow and his colleagues explore how coral reef fish behave, socialize and affect their ecosystems. Learn more about how fish of different species communicate via social networks -- and what disrupting these networks might mean to the delicate ecology of reefs, which help feed millions of us and support the global economy.
- Marine biologist
TED Fellow Mike Gil conducts field experiments and builds mathematical models to understand how marine ecosystems function. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Who here is fascinated
by life under the sea?
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Fantastic.
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Now, what did we just do?
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Let's dissect this for a second.
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The simple action
of an individual raising a hand
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led many others to do the same.
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Now, it's true that when individuals
in a social network
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have common priorities,
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it's often beneficial to copy one another.
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Think back to grade school and dressing
like the cool kids made you "cool."
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But copying behavior
is also common in wild animals.
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00:46
For example, some birds
copy the alarm calls of other birds
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to spread information
about approaching predators.
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But could copying behavior in wild animals
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affect entire ecosystems
that we humans depend on?
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I was led to this question
while studying coral reefs,
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01:04
which support millions of people
through fisheries and tourism
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here in Africa and around the world.
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But coral reefs depend on fish
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that perform a critical job
by eating algae.
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01:17
Because if left unchecked,
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these algae can kill coral
and take over entire coral reefs,
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a costly change that is difficult
or impossible to reverse.
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01:28
So to understand
how fish may prevent this,
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I spy on them
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while they're eating algae,
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which can be difficult for them to do
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in open parts of the reef
exposed to predators,
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some of which, on rare occasion,
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appear to realize I'm watching them.
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01:45
(Laughter)
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So clearly, clearly, for reef fish,
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dining out can be scary.
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01:57
But I wanted to understand
how these fish do their job
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in risky situations.
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02:01
So my colleagues and I
put massive video camera stands
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in a coral reef
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to remotely monitor entire feeding grounds
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that produce a lot of algae
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but are exposed to predators.
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02:15
And this perspective from above
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shows us the feeding behavior
and precise movements
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of many different fish,
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shown here with colored dots.
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And by analyzing
thousands of fish movements
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to and from feeding grounds,
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we discovered a pattern.
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These fish, despite being
from different species
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and not swimming in schools,
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were copying one another,
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02:39
such that one fish entering
these dangerous feeding grounds
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could lead many others to do the same.
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And fish stayed for longer
and ate more algae
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when they were surrounded
by more feeding fish.
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Now, this could be happening
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because even simple movements
by individual fish
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can inadvertently communicate
vital information.
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For example, if even one fish
sees a predator and flees,
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this can alert many others to danger.
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And a fish safely entering feeding grounds
can show others that the coast is clear.
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So it turns out that even when
these fish are different species,
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they are connected within social networks
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which can provide information
on when it's safe to eat.
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And our analyses indicate that fish simply
copying other fish in their social network
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could account for over 60 percent
of the algae eaten by the fish community,
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and thus could be critical
to the flow of energy and resources
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through coral reef ecosystems.
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But these findings also suggest
that overfishing,
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a common problem in coral reefs,
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not only removes fish,
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but it could break up
the social network of remaining fish,
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which may hide more and eat less algae
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because they're missing
critical information.
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And this would make coral reefs
more vulnerable than we currently predict.
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So remarkably, fish social networks
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allow the actions of one to spread to many
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and could affect entire coral reefs,
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which feed millions of us
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and support the global economy
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for all of us.
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Now, our discovery
points us towards better ways
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to sustainably manage coral reefs,
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but it also shows us,
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we humans are not just affected
by the actions of other humans,
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but we could be affected
by the actions of individual fish
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on a distant coral reef
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through their simple copying behavior.
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Thank you.
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04:37
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mike Gil - Marine biologist
TED Fellow Mike Gil conducts field experiments and builds mathematical models to understand how marine ecosystems function.

Why you should listen

Marine biologist, National Geographic Explorer and TED Fellow Mike Gil conducts field experiments and builds mathematical models to understand how marine ecosystems function. This understanding, he says, is crucial for humankind to build a sustainable future. Gil has led research around the world: from coral reefs in the Caribbean, French Polynesia and Southeast Asia, to "microislands" of plastic garbage, teeming with life, in the middle of the Pacific. Currently, Gil uses novel multi-camera systems in the field combined with computer vision technology to explore, at an unprecedented scale and resolution, how coral reef fish behave, socialize and affect entire coral reef ecosystems. Gil's scientific discoveries and his often unorthodox approaches have garnered significant national and international media attention.

In addition to being a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of California, Davis, Gil is also an avid and award-winning science communicator. As a self-described "science-hater turned scientist" from humble beginnings, he is passionate about diversity and inclusion in STEM fields. To this end, Gil founded and runs the nonprofit SciAll.org, which uses free online videos to bring mass public audiences along for the adventures that come with a career in science. Through his research and outreach, Gil aims to deliver a timely message to humanity: science is exhilarating, accessible and in the service of all.

More profile about the speaker
Mike Gil | Speaker | TED.com