TED2019
Bruce Friedrich: The next global agricultural revolution
Bruce Friedrich: Revolusi agrikultur global mendatang
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Produksi daging konvensional membahayakan lingkungan dan berisiko terhadap kesehatan global, tetapi manusia tidak akan mengurangi konsumsinya kecuali jika diberikan alternatif produksi yang harganya sama (atau lebih murah) dan yang rasanya sama (atau lebih enak). Dalam pembicaraan luar biasa ini, inovator pangan dan "TED Fellow" Bruce Friedrich membahas produk berbasis sel dan produk nabati yang akan mengubah industri daging global -- dan piring makan Anda.
Bruce Friedrich - Food innovator
TED Fellow Bruce Friedrich plans to compete with the meat industry on its own terms -- by creating alternatives to conventional meat that taste the same or better and cost less. Full bio
TED Fellow Bruce Friedrich plans to compete with the meat industry on its own terms -- by creating alternatives to conventional meat that taste the same or better and cost less. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
In 2019, humanity received a warning:
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Pada tahun 2019,
umat manusia mendapat peringatan:
umat manusia mendapat peringatan:
00:17
30 of the world's leading scientists
released the results
released the results
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30 ilmuwan terkenal dunia merilis
hasil penelitian masif
hasil penelitian masif
00:20
of a massive three-year study
into global agriculture
into global agriculture
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agrikultur global yang dilakukan
selama tiga tahun
selama tiga tahun
00:23
and declared that meat production
is destroying our planet
is destroying our planet
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yang menyatakan bahwa produksi
daging merusak planet kita
daging merusak planet kita
00:27
and jeopardizing global health.
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dan membahayakan kesehatan umum.
Salah satu penulis penelitian menjelaskan
00:29
One of the study's authors explained
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00:31
that "humanity now poses a threat
to the stability of the planet ...
to the stability of the planet ...
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"umat manusia saat ini menjadi
ancaman bagi keseimbangan planet ...
ancaman bagi keseimbangan planet ...
00:35
[This requires] nothing less than
a new global agricultural revolution."
a new global agricultural revolution."
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[Untuk mengatasi ini] kita perlu
revolusi baru agrikultur global."
revolusi baru agrikultur global."
00:40
As somebody who's spent
the last two decades
the last two decades
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Sebagai orang yang
dalam dua dekade terakhir
dalam dua dekade terakhir
00:43
advocating a shift away
from industrial meat production,
from industrial meat production,
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memberikan advokasi transformasi
produksi industri daging,
produksi industri daging,
00:46
I wanted to believe that this clarion call
was going to make a difference.
was going to make a difference.
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Saya yakin peringatan tersebut
akan membuat perubahan.
akan membuat perubahan.
00:50
The thing is, I've seen this sort of thing
again and again and again for decades.
again and again and again for decades.
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Saya melihat, topik tersebut telah
diulas dalam kurun waktu beberapa dekade.
diulas dalam kurun waktu beberapa dekade.
00:55
Here's 2018 from the journal "Nature,"
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Tahun 2018 diulas dalam
jurnal "Nature"
jurnal "Nature"
00:59
2017 from "Bioscience Journal,"
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2017 dalam "Bioscience Journal,"
01:02
2016 from the National
Academy of Sciences.
Academy of Sciences.
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2016 dalam "the National
Academy of Sciences".
Academy of Sciences".
01:06
The main point of these studies
tends to be climate change.
tends to be climate change.
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Gagasan utama penelitian ini
mengarah kepada perubahan iklim.
mengarah kepada perubahan iklim.
01:10
But antibiotic resistance
represents just as big of a threat.
represents just as big of a threat.
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Namun ketahanan antibiotik
juga merupakan ancaman besar.
juga merupakan ancaman besar.
01:14
We are feeding massive doses
of antibiotics to farm animals.
of antibiotics to farm animals.
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Kita memberi dosis antibiotik pada
hewan ternak, dalam jumlah masif.
hewan ternak, dalam jumlah masif.
01:18
These antibiotics are then
mutating into superbugs
mutating into superbugs
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Lalu antibiotik ini bermutasi
menjadi "superbug"
menjadi "superbug"
01:22
that threaten to render
antibiotics obsolete
antibiotics obsolete
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yang menjadi ancaman bagi
antibiotik lama
antibiotik lama
01:25
within all of our lifetimes.
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di dalam kehidupan kita.
01:27
You want a scare?
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Ingin bukti mengejutkan?
01:29
Google: "the end of working antibiotics."
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Google: "the end of working antibiotics."
01:32
I'm going to get one thing out of the way:
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Saya tidak akan memaksa,
Saya berada di sini bukan untuk
mendikte pilihan makanan Anda.
mendikte pilihan makanan Anda.
01:34
I am not here to tell anybody what to eat.
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01:37
Individual action is great,
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Aksi individu itu hebat,
01:39
but antibiotic resistance
and climate change --
and climate change --
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tetapi resistansi antibiotik dan
perubahan iklim --
perubahan iklim --
01:42
they require more.
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memerlukan lebih banyak aksi.
01:44
Besides, convincing the world
to eat less meat hasn't worked.
to eat less meat hasn't worked.
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Selain itu, meyakinkan dunia untuk
mengurangi konsumsi daging belum berhasil.
mengurangi konsumsi daging belum berhasil.
01:48
For 50 years, environmentalists,
global health experts and animal activists
global health experts and animal activists
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Selama 50 tahun, ahli lingkungan,
ahli kesehatan global dan aktivis hewan
ahli kesehatan global dan aktivis hewan
01:53
have been begging the public
to eat less meat.
to eat less meat.
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meminta masyarakat untuk
mengurangi konsumsi daging.
mengurangi konsumsi daging.
01:57
And yet, per capita meat consumption
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Namun, konsumsi daging per kapita
01:59
is as high as it's been
in recorded history.
in recorded history.
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sama tingginya dengan angka
yang tercatat di dalam sejarah.
yang tercatat di dalam sejarah.
02:03
The average North American last year
ate more than 200 pounds of meat.
ate more than 200 pounds of meat.
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Rata-rata orang Amerika Utara tahun lalu
memakan sekitar 90 kg daging.
memakan sekitar 90 kg daging.
02:07
And I didn't eat any.
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Tetapi saya tidak sama sekali!
02:09
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
02:10
Which means somebody out there
ate 400 pounds of meat.
ate 400 pounds of meat.
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Berarti ada seseorang yang
memakan 180 kg daging.
memakan 180 kg daging.
02:13
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
02:15
On our current trajectory,
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Dengan pola makan seperti itu,
02:17
we're going to need to be producing
70 to 100 percent more meat by 2050.
70 to 100 percent more meat by 2050.
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kita perlu meningkatkan produksi daging
70 sampai 100 persen pada tahun 2050.
70 sampai 100 persen pada tahun 2050.
02:22
This requires a global solution.
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Hal ini memerlukan solusi global.
02:25
What we need to do is we need to produce
the meat that people love,
the meat that people love,
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Yang kita harus lakukan adalah
memproduksi daging yang disukai orang,
memproduksi daging yang disukai orang,
02:29
but we need to produce it
in a whole new way.
in a whole new way.
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namun diproduksi dengan cara yang baru.
02:32
I've got a couple of ideas.
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Saya memiliki dua buah ide.
02:34
Idea number one:
let's grow meat from plants.
let's grow meat from plants.
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Ide pertama:
membuat daging dari tanaman.
membuat daging dari tanaman.
02:37
Instead of growing plants,
feeding them to animals,
feeding them to animals,
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Alih-alih menggunakan tanaman
sebagai pakan ternak
sebagai pakan ternak
02:40
and all of that inefficiency,
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yang tidak efisien,
kita bisa membudidayakan tanaman,
untuk membuat daging rekayasa,
untuk membuat daging rekayasa,
02:41
let's grow those plants,
let's biomimic meat with them,
let's biomimic meat with them,
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02:44
let's make plant-based meat.
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kita bisa membuat daging nabati.
02:46
Idea number two: for actual animal meat,
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Ide kedua: untuk daging hewani,
02:49
let's grow it directly from cells.
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kita bisa membiakkan langsung dari selnya.
02:52
Instead of growing live animals,
let's grow the cells directly.
let's grow the cells directly.
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Alih-alih beternak hewan,
kita bisa langsung membiakkan selnya.
kita bisa langsung membiakkan selnya.
02:55
It takes six weeks to grow
a chicken to slaughter weight.
a chicken to slaughter weight.
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Butuh waktu 6 minggu
agar ayam layak disembelih.
agar ayam layak disembelih.
02:58
Grow the cells directly,
you can get that same growth
you can get that same growth
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Pembiakkan sel secara langsung,
hanya membutuhkan
hanya membutuhkan
03:01
in six days.
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waktu enam hari.
03:03
This is what that looks like at scale.
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Jadi, terlihat seperti ini
pada skala besar.
pada skala besar.
03:07
It's your friendly
neighborhood meat brewery.
neighborhood meat brewery.
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Ini bejana bir-daging
ramah lingkungan Anda.
ramah lingkungan Anda.
03:09
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
Saya ingin menjabarkan dua hal.
03:12
I want to make two points about this.
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03:14
The first one is, we believe we can do it.
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Poin pertama, kita bisa melakukannya.
03:16
In recent years, some companies
have been producing meat from plants
have been producing meat from plants
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Akhir-akhir ini, beberapa perusahaan
memproduksi daging nabati
memproduksi daging nabati
03:20
that consumers cannot distinguish
from actual animal meat,
from actual animal meat,
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yang sulit dibedakan dengan
daging hewani,
daging hewani,
03:24
and there are now dozens of companies
growing actual animal meat
growing actual animal meat
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dan sekarang sudah banyak perusahaan
yang membiakkan daging hewani
yang membiakkan daging hewani
03:28
directly from cells.
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langsung dari selnya.
03:30
This plant-based and cell-based meat
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Daging nabati dan daging berbasis sel
03:32
gives consumers everything
that they love about meat --
that they love about meat --
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akan memberi kepuasan
kepada konsumen penyuka daging --
kepada konsumen penyuka daging --
03:35
the taste, the texture and so on --
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rasanya, teksturnya, dan seterusnya --
03:37
but with no need for antibiotics
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tetapi tanpa penggunaan antibiotik
03:39
and with a fraction of the adverse
impact on the climate.
impact on the climate.
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dan dampak buruk
terhadap iklim yang sangat kecil.
terhadap iklim yang sangat kecil.
03:43
And because these two technologies
are so much more efficient,
are so much more efficient,
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Dan karena dua teknologi ini
jauh lebih efisien,
jauh lebih efisien,
03:46
at production scale
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pada skala produksi
03:47
these products will be cheaper.
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produk ini akan jauh lebih murah.
03:50
But one quick point about that --
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Tetapi satu poin penting --
03:52
it's not going to be easy.
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hal ini akan sulit dilakukan.
03:54
These plant-based companies have spent
small fortunes on their burgers,
small fortunes on their burgers,
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Perusahaan daging nabati ini menghabiskan
banyak uang untuk memproduksi burger,
banyak uang untuk memproduksi burger,
03:58
and cell-based meat has not yet
been commercialized at all.
been commercialized at all.
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tetapi daging berbasis sel belum
dikomersialkan sama sekali.
dikomersialkan sama sekali.
04:02
So we're going to need all hands on deck
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Jadi kami perlu bantuan semua pihak
04:04
to make these the global meat industry.
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untuk mengembangkan industri
daging global ini.
daging global ini.
04:07
For starters, we need
the present meat industry.
the present meat industry.
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Langkah awal, kami butuh
industri daging yang ada.
industri daging yang ada.
04:11
We don't want to disrupt
the meat industry,
the meat industry,
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Kami tidak akan mengusik
industri daging,
industri daging,
04:13
we want to transform it.
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kami ingin mengubahnya.
04:15
We need their economies of scale,
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Kami memerlukan skala ekonomi,
04:17
their global supply chain,
their marketing expertise
their marketing expertise
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rantai pasokan global,
keahlian pemasaran,
keahlian pemasaran,
04:20
and their massive consumer base.
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dan konsumen setia mereka.
04:22
We also need governments.
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Kami juga perlu bantuan Pemerintah.
04:24
Governments spend tens of billions
of dollars every single year
of dollars every single year
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Pemerintah menghabiskan miliaran
dolar setiap tahun
dolar setiap tahun
04:28
on research and development
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pada penelitian dan pengembangan
04:30
focused on global health
and the environment.
and the environment.
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untuk kesehatan global dan lingkungan.
04:33
They should be putting some of that money
into optimizing and perfecting
into optimizing and perfecting
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Mereka seharusnya menggunakan uang itu
untuk mengoptimalkan dan menyempurnakan
untuk mengoptimalkan dan menyempurnakan
04:36
the production of plant-based
and cell-based meat.
and cell-based meat.
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produksi daging nabati dan daging
berbasis sel.
berbasis sel.
04:41
Look, tens of thousands of people
died from antibiotic-resistant superbugs
died from antibiotic-resistant superbugs
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Lihatlah, puluhan ribu orang tewas akibat
"superbug" yang kebal terhadap antibiotik
"superbug" yang kebal terhadap antibiotik
di Amerika Utara tahun lalu.
04:46
in North America just last year.
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04:50
By 2050, that number is going to be
10 million per year globally.
10 million per year globally.
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Pada tahun 2050, angka tersebut
akan menjadi 10 juta per tahun.
akan menjadi 10 juta per tahun.
04:56
And climate change represents
an existential threat
an existential threat
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Dan perubahan iklim mewakili
ancaman saat ini
ancaman saat ini
05:00
to huge portions of our global family,
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terhadap jutaan
keluarga besar kita,
keluarga besar kita,
05:03
including some of the poorest people
on the face of the planet.
on the face of the planet.
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termasuk orang-orang termiskin
di muka planet.
di muka planet.
05:07
Climate change, antibiotic resistance --
these are global emergencies.
these are global emergencies.
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Perubahan iklim, ketahanan antibiotik --
menjadi krisis global.
menjadi krisis global.
05:12
Meat production is exacerbating
these emergencies on a global scale.
these emergencies on a global scale.
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Produksi daging akan memperburuk
krisis ini dalam skala global.
krisis ini dalam skala global.
05:17
But we are not going
to decrease meat consumption
to decrease meat consumption
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Tetapi kita tidak bisa mengurangi
konsumsi daging,
konsumsi daging,
05:20
unless we give consumers alternatives
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kecuali jika konsumen diberikan
pilihan, yang harganya
pilihan, yang harganya
05:22
that cost the same or less
and that taste the same or better.
and that taste the same or better.
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sama atau lebih murah
dan rasanya sama atau bahkan lebih enak.
dan rasanya sama atau bahkan lebih enak.
05:27
We have the solution.
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Kita punya solusinya.
05:29
Let's make meat from plants.
Let's grow it directly from cells.
Let's grow it directly from cells.
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Kita bisa membuat daging dari tanaman.
Kita bisa membiakkan langsung dari selnya.
Kita bisa membiakkan langsung dari selnya.
05:33
It's past time that we mobilize
the resources that are necessary
the resources that are necessary
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Waktunya sudah tiba, mari kita
siapkan sumber daya yang diperlukan
siapkan sumber daya yang diperlukan
05:37
to create the next global
agricultural revolution.
agricultural revolution.
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untuk menciptakan revolusi
agrikultur global berikutnya.
agrikultur global berikutnya.
05:42
Thank you.
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Terima kasih
05:43
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bruce Friedrich - Food innovatorTED Fellow Bruce Friedrich plans to compete with the meat industry on its own terms -- by creating alternatives to conventional meat that taste the same or better and cost less.
Why you should listen
Bruce Friedrich is cofounder and executive director of The Good Food Institute (GFI), an international nonprofit that is fostering a sustainable, healthy and just agricultural system through food innovation. With branches in the United States, India, Israel, Brazil, Europe and Asia Pacific, GFI is accelerating the production of plant-based and cell-based meat, eggs and dairy in order to bolster the global protein supply while protecting our environment, promoting global health and preventing food insecurity and animal cruelty. Friedrich has penned op-eds for the Wall Street Journal, USA Today, the Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, Wired and many other publications. He has appeared on The Today Show, NBC Nightly News, CBS Evening News and a variety of programs on MSNBC, Fox News, and CNN. Friedrich has coauthored two books, contributed chapters to seven more, and has written seven law review articles. Watch his TEDxSonoma talk here.
Friedrich graduated magna cum laude, Order of the Coif, from the Georgetown University Law Center and holds degrees from Johns Hopkins University and the London School of Economics.
Bruce Friedrich | Speaker | TED.com