ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholar
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world.

Why you should listen

Religious thinker Karen Armstrong has written more than 20 books on faith and the major religions, studying what Islam, Judaism and Christianity have in common, and how our faiths shaped world history and drive current events.

A former nun, Armstrong has written two books about this experience: Through the Narrow Gate, about her seven years in the convent, and The Spiral Staircase, about her subsequent spiritual awakening, when she developed her iconoclastic take on the major monotheistic religions -- and on the strains of fundamentalism common to all. She is a powerful voice for ecumenical understanding.

Armstrong's 2008 TED Prize wish asked the world to help her create the Charter for Compassion, a document based on the Golden Rule: that we should treat others how we would want to be treated. In fall 2008, the first draft of the charter was written by the world, via a multilingual website that allowed all to comment. In February 2009, the words were given to the Council of Conscience, a gathering of religious leaders and thinkers, who crafted the final document based on global input. The Charter was officially launched in November 2009. It has been signed by notable world leaders including Pope Benedict XVI, the Dalai Lama, Desmond Tutu, Deepak Chopra and Muhammad Ali. The Charter has led to the creation of the Charter for Compassion International (CCI) organization, the Compassionate Communities campaign, and Global Compassion Council -- a group of leaders continuing the movement around the the world.

More profile about the speaker
Karen Armstrong | Speaker | TED.com
TED2008

Karen Armstrong: My wish: The Charter for Compassion

凯伦·阿姆斯特朗的TED获奖心愿:呼吁《仁爱宪章》的诞生

Filmed:
1,787,721 views

学者凯伦·阿姆斯特朗说道:人们希望对宗教保持虔诚,我们应该尽力使宗教成为促进社会和谐的力量。她呼吁TED社区成员跟她一起在全球范围内建立起《仁爱宪章》,让“黄金法则”重新成为全球宗教的中心教义。
- Religious scholar
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Well, this is such这样 an honor荣誉. And it's wonderful精彩 to be
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非常荣幸能得这个奖。也非常高兴能
00:18
in the presence存在 of an organization组织 that is really making制造 a difference区别 in the world世界.
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成为这个集体的一员,因为这个集体为世界所带来的改变有目共睹。
00:24
And I'm intensely激烈 grateful感激 for the opportunity机会 to speak说话 to you today今天.
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我更加感激今天能有机会来做跟你们对话,
00:30
And I'm also rather surprised诧异, because when I look back on my life
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其实就连我自己都觉得很意外。因为当我回想过去
00:37
the last thing I ever wanted to do was write, or be in any way involved参与 in religion宗教.
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我最不愿意干得就是与宗教有关的事,不管是写作还是以其他方式。
00:46
After I left my convent修道院, I'd finished with religion宗教, frankly坦率地说.
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坦率地说,我离开修道院以后就没有做有关宗教的事情了。
00:50
I thought that was it.
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我当时想,那就是终点了。
00:51
And for 13 years年份 I kept不停 clear明确 of it. I wanted to be an English英语 literature文学 professor教授.
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13年了,我都没接触过它。我想做一名英语文学的教授,
00:59
And I certainly当然 didn't even want to be a writer作家, particularly尤其.
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尤其是我甚至连作家都不想当。
01:03
But then I suffered遭遇 a series系列 of career事业 catastrophes灾难,
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然而此后,我的事业几经波折,
01:08
one after the other, and finally最后 found发现 myself in television电视. (Laughter笑声)
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一次又一次失利之后,我却最终在电视上找到了自己。(笑声)
01:18
I said that to Bill法案 Moyers莫耶斯, and he said, "Oh, we take anybody任何人." (Laughter笑声)
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我跟比尔.莫耶斯说到这些时,他说:“哦,我们来者不拒。”(笑声)
01:22
And I was doing some rather controversial争论的 religious宗教 programs程式.
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那时我做过一些颇具争议的宗教节目。
01:27
This went down very well in the U.K., where religion宗教 is extremely非常 unpopular不得人心.
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这些节目在英国播出的非常顺利,因为宗教信仰在英国并不十分受宠。
01:34
And so, for once一旦, for the only time in my life, I was finally最后 in the mainstream主流.
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所以,仅此一次,我平生终于成为社会主流了。
01:39
But I got sent发送 to Jerusalem耶路撒冷 to make a film电影 about early Christianity基督教.
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但是有一次为了拍摄有关早期基督教的影片,我去了耶路撒冷。
01:46
And there, for the first time, I encountered遇到 the other religious宗教 traditions传统:
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就是在那里,我第一次了解到了其他的宗教:
01:51
Judaism犹太教 and Islam伊斯兰教, the sister妹妹 religions宗教 of Christianity基督教.
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犹太教和伊斯兰教,基督教的姐妹宗教。
01:56
And while I found发现 I knew知道 nothing about these faiths信仰 at all --
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我发现我对这两个宗教的信仰一无所知,
02:00
despite尽管 my own拥有 intensely激烈 religious宗教 background背景,
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尽管我已经学习了很多年的宗教。
02:05
I'd seen看到 Judaism犹太教 only as a kind of prelude序幕 to Christianity基督教,
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我以前认为犹太教不过是基督教的前奏,
02:08
and I knew知道 nothing about Islam伊斯兰教 at all.
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对伊斯兰教更可谓一无所知了。
02:11
But in that city, that tortured折磨 city,
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但就是在那个几经沧桑的城市,
02:14
where you see the three faiths信仰 jostling拥挤 so uneasily不安 together一起,
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那片三大宗教你争我夺的圣地,
02:20
you also become成为 aware知道的 of the profound深刻 connection连接 between之间 them.
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你也会慢慢意识到这三大宗教之间深刻的纽带。
02:23
And it has been the study研究 of other religious宗教 traditions传统 that brought me back
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正是对其他宗教的研究让我
02:28
to a sense of what religion宗教 can be, and actually其实 enabled启用 me
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重新思考到底什么是宗教,也启发我
02:32
to look at my own拥有 faith信仰 in a different不同 light.
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从不同角度重新审视自己的信仰。
02:35
And I found发现 some astonishing惊人 things in the course课程 of my study研究
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在研究过程中我发现了一些令我惊异的事情,
02:39
that had never occurred发生 to me. Frankly坦率地说, in the days when I thought I'd had it with religion宗教,
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这些事情我以前从未想到过。其实就在我觉得我跟宗教无缘的那段时间,
02:46
I just found发现 the whole整个 thing absolutely绝对 incredible难以置信.
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我突然发现所有的一切都是那么令人难以置信。
02:49
These doctrines学说 seemed似乎 unproven未经证实, abstract抽象.
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那些宗教教条看起来无法证明、抽象无比。
02:55
And to my astonishment惊愕, when I began开始 seriously认真地 studying研究 other traditions传统,
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令我吃惊的是,当我开始认真地研究基督教以外的其他宗教时,
03:02
I began开始 to realize实现 that belief信仰 -- which哪一个 we make such这样 a fuss小题大作 about today今天 --
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我意识到,“信仰”,这个我们如此奉若神明的东西
03:08
is only a very recent最近 religious宗教 enthusiasm热情
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不过是一种近代才产生的宗教热忱,
03:13
that surfaced浮出水面 only in the West西, in about the 17th century世纪.
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它是17世纪才出现在西方的。
03:19
The word "belief信仰" itself本身 originally本来 meant意味着 to love, to prize, to hold保持 dear.
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“信仰”这一词的原意是关爱、赞赏以及珍视。
03:26
In the 17th century世纪, it narrowed收窄 its focus焦点,
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到了17世纪,这个词的含义变窄了,
03:30
for reasons原因 that I'm exploring探索 in a book I'm writing写作 at the moment时刻,
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其中的原因我正在写书进行探究,
03:33
to include包括 -- to mean an intellectual知识分子 assent同意 to a set of propositions命题, a credo信条.
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这个词的含义变成了,对一组命题进行理智的考量后予以认可,也就是信条。
03:42
"I believe:" it did not mean, "I accept接受 certain某些 creedal信条 articles用品 of faith信仰."
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“我相信”这句话的意思本来并不是“我接受某一宗教信条”,
03:48
It meant意味着: "I commit承诺 myself. I engage从事 myself."
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而是说:“我忠于这些信条,我尽全力做到这些”。
03:52
Indeed确实, some of the world世界 traditions传统 think very little of religious宗教 orthodoxy正统.
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世界上很多传统宗教也确实都对正统宗教学说不以为然。
03:59
In the Quran古兰经, religious宗教 opinion意见 -- religious宗教 orthodoxy正统 -- is dismissed驳回 as "zanna赞纳:"
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在可兰经中,教义的正统学说像赞那一样不被接受。
04:05
self-indulgent放纵的 guesswork猜测 about matters事项 that nobody没有人 can be certain某些 of one way or the other,
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对没有人能确定的事情进行无休止的无聊猜测,
04:11
but which哪一个 makes品牌 people quarrelsome争吵 and stupidly愣神 sectarian宗派. (Laughter笑声)
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各宗教间不断争吵,人们成为愚蠢的宗派主义者。(笑声)
04:14
So if religion宗教 is not about believing相信 things, what is it about?
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那么如果宗教不是关于信什么的问题,那又是什么呢?
04:21
What I've found发现, across横过 the board, is that religion宗教 is about behaving行为 differently不同.
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经过全面的研究,我发现宗教的意义是改变人的行为。
04:26
Instead代替 of deciding决定 whether是否 or not you believe in God, first you do something.
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与其去决定是不是相信上帝,不如试着去做一些事情。
04:32
You behave表现 in a committed提交 way,
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你实实在在的去做一些事情以后,
04:33
and then you begin开始 to understand理解 the truths真理 of religion宗教.
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你就逐渐开始理解宗教的真谛了。
04:37
And religious宗教 doctrines学说 are meant意味着 to be summons传票 to action行动;
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这些宗教的教条其实是对实际行动的引导。
04:44
you only understand理解 them when you put them into practice实践.
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只有在实践中才能领悟到其中的真谛。
04:48
Now, pride自豪 of place地点 in this practice实践 is given特定 to compassion同情.
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而实践中最最重要的非“仁爱”莫属。
04:56
And it is an arresting逮捕 fact事实 that right across横过 the board,
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值得注意的一个事实是,
05:01
in every一切 single one of the major重大的 world世界 faiths信仰, compassion同情 --
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在世界上所有主要的宗教信仰中,仁爱──
05:05
the ability能力 to feel with the other in the way we've我们已经 been thinking思维 about this evening晚间 --
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能对他人感同身受的能力,正如我们今晚所想--
05:10
is not only the test测试 of any true真正 religiosity笃信, it is also what will bring带来 us
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不仅是一个宗教是否是真正的信仰的试金石,它也是将我们
05:18
into the presence存在 of what Jews犹太人, Christians基督徒 and Muslims穆斯林 call "God" or the "Divine神圣."
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带到“上帝”或“神灵”面前的力量,无论这个上帝是犹太人、基督徒,还是穆斯林的。
05:23
It is compassion同情, says the Buddha, which哪一个 brings带来 you to Nirvana.
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佛教中说是仁爱之心带你走向涅槃。
05:29
Why? Because in compassion同情, when we feel with the other,
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为什么这样说呢?因为当我们以仁爱之心对待他人,
05:33
we dethrone废王位 ourselves我们自己 from the center中央 of our world世界 and we put
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我们会把他人而不是自己看做是世界的中心。
05:38
another另一个 person there. And once一旦 we get rid摆脱 of ego自我, then we're ready准备 to see the Divine神圣.
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一旦我们不再唯我独尊,我们就能看见神灵。
05:46
And in particular特定, every一切 single one of the major重大的 world世界 traditions传统 has highlighted突出 -- has said --
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值得注意的是,世界上的各大宗教派系都强调这一点,
05:54
and put at the core核心 of their tradition传统 what's become成为 known已知 as the Golden金色 Rule规则.
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都把这一黄金原则列为教义的核心。
05:59
First propoundedpropounded by Confucius孔子 five centuries百年 before Christ基督:
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早在公元前五百年,孔子就首先提出了这一点:
06:03
"Do not do to others其他 what you would not like them to do to you."
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“己所不欲,勿施于人。”
06:07
That, he said, was the central中央 thread线 which哪一个 ran through通过 all his teaching教学
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他认为这是他所有教育思想的核心,
06:11
and that his disciples弟子 should put into practice实践 all day and every一切 day.
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但凡他的弟子,每天都要做到这一点。
06:16
And it was -- the Golden金色 Rule规则 would bring带来 them to the transcendent超然 value that he called "ren,"
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正是这一黄金原则使人们形成一种超然的价值观,这就是他所谓的仁
06:21
human-heartedness人心肠, which哪一个 was a transcendent超然 experience经验 in itself本身.
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也就是人与人之间的关爱。这种关爱本身就是超然的。
06:27
And this is absolutely绝对 crucial关键 to the monotheisms一神教, too.
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这对一神论者来说也是至关重要的。
06:34
There's a famous著名 story故事 about the great rabbi拉比, Hillel希勒尔, the older旧的 contemporary现代的 of Jesus耶稣.
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有一个著名故事是关于犹太拉比席勒儿(Hillel)的,他是跟耶稣同时代的长者。
06:37
A pagan异教徒 came来了 to him and offered提供 to convert兑换 to Judaism犹太教 if the rabbi拉比 could
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有一个异教徒来到拉比面前,说只要拉比能在自己一条腿站立
06:42
recite背诵 the whole整个 of Jewish犹太 teaching教学 while he stood站在 on one leg.
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的功夫之内背出整个犹太教义,他就愿意成为犹太教徒。
06:45
Hillel希勒尔 stood站在 on one leg and said, "That which哪一个 is hateful可恶 to you,
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席勒儿抬起一条腿,说道,“如果什么事情是你所痛恨的,
06:49
do not do to your neighbor邻居. That is the Torah托拉. The rest休息 is commentary评论.
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那么千万不要对你的邻居做同样的事情。这就是教律,其他的都是评论而已。
06:54
Go and study研究 it." (Laughter笑声)
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你自己仔细研究去吧。”(笑声)
06:56
And "go and study研究 it" was what he meant意味着.
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“你自己去研究”的确是他说的。
07:00
He said, "In your exegesis注释, you must必须 make it clear明确
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他说:“在你所做的考证中,一定要弄清楚
07:04
that every一切 single verse of the Torah托拉 is a commentary评论, a gloss掩饰 upon the Golden金色 Rule规则."
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教律的每一句话都是评论,是对黄金法则所做的注解。”
07:12
The great Rabbi拉比 Meir梅厄 said that any interpretation解释 of Scripture圣经 which哪一个
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著名拉比梅尔(Meir)曾说,任何对教义的解释,
07:19
led to hatred and disdain蔑视, or contempt鄙视 of other people --
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如果结果导致的是对他人---无论什么人----的仇恨、排斥和蔑视,
07:24
any people whatsoever任何 -- was illegitimate非法的.
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那么这样的解释一定是有悖教律的。
07:27
Saint Augustine奥古斯丁 made制作 exactly究竟 the same相同 point.
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圣.奥斯汀的看法与之不谋而合。
07:30
Scripture圣经, he says, "teaches nothing but charity慈善机构, and we must必须 not leave离开
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他说:“经文要教给我们的,其实除了仁慈之外并无其他东西,
07:36
an interpretation解释 of Scripture圣经 until直到 we have found发现 a compassionate富于同情心的 interpretation解释 of it."
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对经文唯一合理的解读,就是充满仁爱的解读。”
07:43
And this struggle斗争 to find compassion同情 in some of these rather rebarbative令人讨厌 texts文本
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有一些经文看上去令人生厌,要从中找到仁慈,
07:49
is a good dress连衣裙 rehearsal排演 for doing the same相同 in ordinary普通 life. (Applause掌声)
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这本身就是对在生活中实践这些教义的最好预演。(鼓掌)
07:55
But now look at our world世界. And we are living活的 in a world世界 that is --
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现在看看我们这个世界。我们生活在一个
08:02
where religion宗教 has been hijacked劫持. Where terrorists恐怖分子 cite引用 Quranic古兰经 verses经文 to justify辩解 their atrocities暴行.
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信仰被劫持的现实中。恐怖分子打着古兰经的旗号大施其暴,
08:13
Where instead代替 of taking服用 Jesus'耶稣' words, "Love your enemies敌人.
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尽管耶稣早有箴言:“要爱你的敌人,
08:20
Don't judge法官 others其他," we have the spectacle场面 of Christians基督徒 endlessly不休 judging判断 other people,
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不要妄断他人”,我们的基督徒们仍旧我行我素的对他人妄加推测,
08:27
endlessly不休 using运用 Scripture圣经 as a way of arguing争论 with other people,
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没完没了的拿着圣经要跟别人一争高下,
08:33
putting other people down. Throughout始终 the ages年龄, religion宗教 has been used to oppress压迫 others其他,
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直到打倒别人。这么多年来,宗教一直被当做打压他人的武器,
08:41
and this is because of human人的 ego自我, human人的 greed贪心.
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而这完全是出于人类的自负和贪婪。
08:45
We have a talent天赋 as a species种类 for messing搞乱 up wonderful精彩 things.
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我们人类有着破坏美好事物的天赋。
08:50
So the traditions传统 also insisted坚持 -- and this is an important重要 point, I think --
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我们的传统同时教导我们,这一点我认为非常的重要,
08:57
that you could not and must必须 not confine局限 your compassion同情
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那就是你不能只把仁爱施向
09:00
to your own拥有 group: your own拥有 nation国家, your own拥有 co-religionists教友,
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你自己身边的人:你的国家、跟你同信仰的人、
09:07
your own拥有 fellow同伴 countrymen同胞. You must必须 have what one of the Chinese中文 sages先贤 called "jian ai":
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你的同乡。你必须拥有一颗中国人所说的“仁爱”之心,
09:12
concern关心 for everybody每个人. Love your enemies敌人. Honor荣誉 the stranger陌生人.
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也就是要关心他人、爱你的敌人、尊重陌生人。
09:18
We formed形成 you, says the Quran古兰经, into tribes部落 and nations国家 so that you may可能 know one another另一个.
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古兰经说得好:“我把你们分成部落、族群,是要你们去相互了解对方。”
09:24
And this, again -- this universal普遍 outreach推广 -- is getting得到 subdued制服 in the strident刺耳 use of religion宗教 --
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这个传统,这个心怀大爱的传统,再一次在利用宗教信仰
09:34
abuse滥用 of religion宗教 -- for nefarious邪恶 gains收益.
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达到邪恶目的和对信仰的滥用中消失殆尽。
09:40
Now, I've lost丢失 count计数 of the number of taxi出租车 drivers司机 who,
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我已经不记得有多少出租车司机,
09:44
when I say to them what I do for a living活的, inform通知 me that religion宗教
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在得知我做什么工作的时候告诉我说
09:49
has been the cause原因 of all the major重大的 world世界 wars战争 in history历史. Wrong错误.
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历史上所有主要的战争都是宗教引起的。错!
09:53
The causes原因 of our present当下 woes困境 are political政治.
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这些纷争都是政治所引起的。
09:58
But, make no mistake错误 about it, religion宗教 is a kind of fault故障 line线,
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但不能否认,宗教可能成为故障点,
10:09
and when a conflict冲突 gets得到 ingrained根深蒂固 in a region地区, religion宗教 can get sucked in
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当一场冲突跟宗教搅在一起的时候,宗教就可能陷在其中,
10:13
and become成为 part部分 of the problem问题. Our modernity现代 has been exceedingly非常 violent暴力.
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成为问题的一部分。我们的现代史充满了暴力。
10:18
Between之间 1914 and 1945, 70 million百万 people died死亡 in Europe欧洲 alone单独 as a result结果 of armed武装 conflict冲突.
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1914到1945年,光欧洲就有7千万人死于暴力冲突。
10:28
And so many许多 of our institutions机构, even football足球, which哪一个 used to be a pleasant愉快 pastime消遣,
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有很多我们体系内的活动,像橄榄球这样曾经的消遣娱乐,
10:37
now causes原因 riots暴动 where people even die.
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如今也会引发暴乱,引起死亡。
10:42
And it's not surprising奇怪 that religion宗教, too, has been affected受影响 by this violent暴力 ethos社会思潮.
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宗教也会受到这些暴力因素的影响,这并不奇怪。
10:49
There's also a great deal合同, I think, of religious宗教 illiteracy文盲 around.
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况且还存在着大量的宗教文盲群体。
10:57
People seem似乎 to think, now equate等同 religious宗教 faith信仰 with believing相信 things.
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人们总是认为宗教信仰就是去相信一些事情,
11:02
As though虽然 that -- we call religious宗教 people often经常 believers信徒,
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所以我们经常把宗教人士称为信徒,
11:07
as though虽然 that were the main主要 thing that they do. And very often经常, secondary次要 goals目标
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就好像这就是他们主要就是干这个。常常是这样,次要的目标
11:14
get pushed into the first place地点, in place地点 of compassion同情 and the Golden金色 Rule规则.
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取代了主要的目标,取代了“仁爱”原则和黄金法则。
11:20
Because the Golden金色 Rule规则 is difficult. I sometimes有时 -- when I'm speaking请讲 to
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因为黄金法则很难做到。有时候,当我向大众
11:26
congregations about compassion同情, I sometimes有时 see
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宣讲仁爱的时候,我有时候会看到
11:30
a mutinous哗变 expression表达 crossing路口 some of their faces面孔 because
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他们脸上有抗拒的表情,这是因为宗教
11:37
a lot of religious宗教 people prefer比较喜欢 to be right, rather than compassionate富于同情心的. (Laughter笑声)
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很多宗教人士更热衷于去争论谁对谁错,而不是如何施以仁爱之心。(笑声)
11:43
Now -- but that's not the whole整个 story故事.
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其实还不止是这样。
11:47
Since以来 September九月 the 11th, when my work on Islam伊斯兰教 suddenly突然 propelled推进的 me
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自打9.11发生以后,我对伊斯兰的研究瞬间把我
11:53
into public上市 life, in a way that I'd never imagined想象, I've been able能够 to sort分类 of go all over the world世界,
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推向公众视野,这是我始料未及的。我也有机会到世界各地走走,
12:00
and finding发现, everywhere到处 I go, a yearning怀念 for change更改.
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从而发现无论我走到哪里,渴望变革的呼声无处不在。
12:06
I've just come back from Pakistan巴基斯坦, where literally按照字面 thousands数千 of people came来了 to my lectures讲座,
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我刚从巴基斯坦回来,那里有数以千计的人来听我的演讲,
12:14
because they were yearning怀念, first of all, to hear a friendly友善 Western西 voice语音.
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因为首先他们非常希望能听到一些来自西方的友好的声音。
12:18
And especially特别 the young年轻 people were coming未来. And were asking me --
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特别是有很多年轻的听众,他们问我,
12:25
the young年轻 people were saying, "What can we do? What can we do to change更改 things?"
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这些年轻人说:“我们能做些什么?我们要怎么样做才能改变现状?”
12:30
And my hosts主机 in Pakistan巴基斯坦 said, "Look, don't be too polite有礼貌 to us.
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巴基斯坦的主持人说,“看看,你不要对我们太礼貌了。
12:37
Tell us where we're going wrong错误. Let's talk together一起 about where religion宗教 is failing失败."
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告诉我们哪里出了问题。让我们一起来讨论到底为什么信仰会导致这样的结果。”
12:43
Because it seems似乎 to me that with -- our current当前 situation情况 is so serious严重
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在我看来,在我们现实状况如此严峻的关头,
12:50
at the moment时刻 that any ideology思想 that doesn't promote促进 a sense of global全球 understanding理解
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任何不提倡增进全球范围内互相理解和欣赏
12:59
and global全球 appreciation升值 of each other is failing失败 the test测试 of the time.
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的意识形态都将难以通过时间的检验。
13:05
And religion宗教, with its wide following以下 ... Here in the United联合的 States状态,
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宗教信仰目前还是很受追捧的。在美国
13:11
people may可能 be being存在 religious宗教 in a different不同 way, as a report报告 has just shown显示 --
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尽管像一些报道所说,人们有着不同的宗教信仰,
13:17
but they still want to be religious宗教. It's only Western西 Europe欧洲 that has retained保留 its secularism世俗主义,
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但人们还是希望有信仰的。也只有西欧保持着现实主义观,
13:25
which哪一个 is now beginning开始 to look rather endearingly亲昵 old-fashioned过时.
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这现在看来稍微有些过时了。
13:28
But people want to be religious宗教, and religion宗教 should be made制作
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人们还是希望有信仰的,宗教也应当成为
13:35
to be a force for harmony和谐 in the world世界, which哪一个 it can and should be --
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一个社会和谐的推动力量。宗教有这个能力,也应该这样去做,
13:40
because of the Golden金色 Rule规则.
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这都是因为有黄金法则的存在。
13:43
"Do not do to others其他 what you would not have them do to you":
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“己所不欲,勿施于人”,
13:47
an ethos社会思潮 that should now be applied应用的 globally全球.
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这是一个全球适用的准则。
13:50
We should not treat对待 other nations国家 as we would not wish希望 to be treated治疗 ourselves我们自己.
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我们不应该把自己不愿意做的事情强加于别国,
13:57
And these -- whatever随你 our wretched可怜 beliefs信仰 -- is a religious宗教 matter, it's a spiritual精神 matter.
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无论我们具体信仰的是什么,这都是有关宗教、有关精神的准则。
14:05
It's a profound深刻 moral道德 matter that engages啮合 and should engage从事 us all.
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这是影响深远的道德准则,我们每一个人都应该遵循的。
14:10
And as I say, there is a hunger饥饿 for change更改 out there.
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如我所说,人们对变革的渴望真真切切。
14:14
Here in the United联合的 States状态, I think you see it in this election选举 campaign运动: a longing渴望 for change更改.
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在美国,我相信你们在这次的总统竞选中都看到了对变革的渴望,
14:20
And people in churches教堂 all over and mosques清真寺 all over this continent大陆 after September九月 the 11th,
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以及9.11以后各地的教堂和当地的清真寺
14:30
coming未来 together一起 locally本地 to create创建 networks网络 of understanding理解.
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携手创建相互理解的网络。
14:36
With the mosque清真寺, with the synagogue会堂, saying, "We must必须 start开始 to speak说话 to one another另一个."
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清真寺和犹太教会纷纷提议:“我们必须开始互相对话。”
14:41
I think it's time that we moved移动 beyond the idea理念 of toleration容忍 and move移动 toward appreciation升值 of the other.
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我认为现在已经到了我们从互相容忍走向互相欣赏的时候了。
14:52
I'd -- there's one story故事 I'd just like to mention提到.
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我只想讲一个故事,
14:57
This comes from "The Iliad伊利亚特." But it tells告诉 you what this spirituality灵性 should be.
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故事来自《伊利亚特》,但它能告诉我们这种精神是什么。
15:03
You know the story故事 of "The Iliad伊利亚特," the 10-year-年 war战争 between之间 Greece希腊 and Troy特洛伊.
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你们都知道《伊利亚特》的故事,是关于希腊和特洛伊国之间10年的战争。
15:08
In one incident事件, Achilles阿喀琉斯, the famous著名 warrior战士 of Greece希腊, takes his troops军队 out of the war战争,
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有一次,阿喀琉斯,著名的希腊战士,将自己的队伍撤离了战场,
15:13
and the whole整个 war战争 effort功夫 suffers患有. And in the course课程 of the ensuing随后 muddle糊涂,
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于是整个战事受到了影响。在接下来的混战中,
15:19
his beloved心爱 friend朋友, Patroclus帕特罗克洛斯, is killed杀害 -- and killed杀害 in single combat战斗
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他的好朋友,普特洛克勒斯,在一场一对一的战斗中惨遭杀害,
15:25
by one of the Trojan木马 princes王子, Hector赫克托. And Achilles阿喀琉斯 goes mad with grief哀思 and rage愤怒 and revenge复仇,
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杀他的是特洛伊王子赫克托。阿喀琉斯既悲痛又愤怒,发誓要报仇。
15:30
and he mutilates毁伤 the body身体. He kills杀死 Hector赫克托, he mutilates毁伤 his body身体
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他杀了赫克托,然后肢解了他的尸体。
15:40
and then he refuses拒绝 to give the body身体 back for burial葬礼 to the family家庭,
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他还拒绝交还尸体给赫克托的家人,
15:44
which哪一个 means手段 that, in Greek希腊语 ethos社会思潮, Hector'sHector的 soul灵魂 will wander漫步 eternally万古, lost丢失.
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尸体无法下葬,这在古希腊传统中就意味着赫克托的灵魂会一直游荡,不得安息。
15:51
And then one night, Priam普里阿摩斯, king国王 of Troy特洛伊, an old man,
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然后有一天晚上,特洛伊的老国王Priam
15:55
comes into the Greek希腊语 camp incognito匿名, makes品牌 his way to Achilles'阿基里斯 tent帐篷
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化名来到希腊战营,找到了阿喀琉斯的帐篷,
16:00
to ask for the body身体 of his son儿子.
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问他要自己儿子的尸体。
16:03
And everybody每个人 is shocked吃惊 when the old man takes off his head covering覆盖 and shows节目 himself他自己.
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当老人取下自己的头巾时,在场的每个人都惊诧不已。
16:10
And Achilles阿喀琉斯 looks容貌 at him and thinks of his father父亲. And he starts启动 to weep哭泣.
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阿喀琉斯看着老人,想到了自己的父亲,于是开始抽泣。
16:18
And Priam普里阿摩斯 looks容貌 at the man who has murdered谋杀 so many许多 of his sons儿子,
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国王看着这个杀害了无数自己子民的年轻人,
16:22
and he, too, starts启动 to weep哭泣. And the sound声音 of their weeping filled填充 the house.
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他也开始哭泣。房屋里充满了他们哭泣的声音。
16:27
The Greeks希腊人 believed相信 that weeping together一起 created创建 a bond between之间 people.
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希腊人相信一起哭泣能拉近人与人之间的感情,
16:32
And then Achilles阿喀琉斯 takes the body身体 of Hector赫克托, he hands it very tenderly温柔 to the father父亲,
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于是阿喀琉斯拿出赫克托的尸体,小心翼翼的递给老国王,
16:40
and the two men男人 look at each other, and see each other as divine神圣.
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两个人对视一眼,都将对方视为圣者。
16:45
That is the ethos社会思潮 found发现, too, in all the religions宗教.
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这种精神存在于所有的宗教信仰中。
16:53
It's what is meant意味着 by overcoming克服 the horror恐怖 that we feel when we are under threat威胁 of our enemies敌人,
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就是我们能够克服在受到敌人威胁时所感到的恐惧,
16:59
and beginning开始 to appreciate欣赏 the other.
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并最终开始能够欣赏我们的敌人。
17:02
It's of great importance重要性 that the word for "holy" in Hebrew希伯来语, applied应用的 to God, is "KadoshKadosh": separate分离, other.
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”神圣“这个词在希伯来语中,当用来形容上帝的时候,是”Kadosh",也就是独特的、别人的意思,这个意义非凡。
17:11
And it is often经常, perhaps也许, the very otherness差异性 of our enemies敌人 which哪一个 can
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很多时候,也许正是敌人身上的这种“异质”,
17:17
give us intimations暗示 of that utterly完全 mysterious神秘 transcendence超越 which哪一个 is God.
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帮我们接受来自上帝的神秘暗示。
17:23
And now, here's这里的 my wish希望:
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下面是我的愿望:
17:26
I wish希望 that you would help with the creation创建,
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我希望你们能帮助创建、
17:32
launch发射 and propagation传播 of a Charter宪章 for Compassion同情,
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启动和宣传“仁爱宪章”,
17:38
crafted精雕细琢 by a group of inspirational励志 thinkers思想家 from
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它是由一个创新思想家团队起草的,
17:44
the three Abrahamic亚伯拉罕 traditions传统 of Judaism犹太教, Christianity基督教 and Islam伊斯兰教,
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这些哲人来自有着共同亚伯拉罕祖先的三个宗教:犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教,
17:48
and based基于 on the fundamental基本的 principle原理 of the Golden金色 Rule规则.
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宪章的撰写以“黄金法则”作为基本原则。
17:53
We need to create创建 a movement运动 among其中 all these people that I meet遇到 in my travels旅行 --
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我们需要发起一场运动,把我在路途上遇到的这些人都团结在一起,
18:01
you probably大概 meet遇到, too -- who want to join加入 up, in some way,
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这些人你们可能也碰到过,他们希望以某种方式团结起来,
18:05
and reclaim回收 their faith信仰, which哪一个 they feel, as I say, has been hijacked劫持.
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为他们已经被劫持的宗教信仰正名。
18:10
We need to empower授权 people to remember记得 the compassionate富于同情心的 ethos社会思潮,
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我们需要让人们重拾“仁爱”之心,
18:16
and to give guidelines方针. This Charter宪章 would not be a massive大规模的 document文件.
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并对他们进行引导。这个宪章不会是个面面俱到的大部头经文,
18:20
I'd like to see it -- to give guidelines方针 as to how to interpret the Scriptures圣经,
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我希望看到的是,它引导人们如何对宗教经典进行正确解读,
18:28
these texts文本 that are being存在 abused滥用. Remember记得 what the rabbis拉比 and what Augustine奥古斯丁
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因为这些经文已经被滥用了。还记得拉比和奥古斯汀说过的
18:34
said about how Scripture圣经 should be governed治理 by the principle原理 of charity慈善机构.
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经文应该服务于慈善原则吗?
18:37
Let's get back to that. And the idea理念, too, of Jews犹太人, Christians基督徒 and Muslims穆斯林 --
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让我们回到这个原则。这个原则是犹太人、基督徒和穆斯林共同的传统,
18:43
these traditions传统 now so often经常 at loggerheads相持不下 -- working加工 together一起 to
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然而这些传统如今经常互相发生不和。我们想团结起来,
18:48
create创建 a document文件 which哪一个 we hope希望 will be signed by a thousand, at least最小,
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创建一个文档,让世界各地至少一千位
18:55
of major重大的 religious宗教 leaders领导者 from all the traditions传统 of the world世界.
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主要的宗教领袖联合签名。
18:59
And you are the people. I'm just a solitary scholar学者.
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你们才是行动者,我只是一个孤零零的学者。
19:03
Despite尽管 the idea理念 that I love a good time, which哪一个 I was rather amazed吃惊 to see coming未来 up on me
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尽管我是个不喜欢孤军奋战的人,但(这个运动这么受欢迎)还是出乎我的意料---
19:09
-- I actually其实 spend a great deal合同 of time alone单独, studying研究, and I'm not very --
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我其实花了很多时间一个人呆着做研究。我不是非常---
19:15
you're the people with media媒体 knowledge知识 to explain说明 to me how we can get this to everybody每个人,
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你们才是具备了媒体知识的人,能够教我如何把这些信息传达到每个人,
19:22
everybody每个人 on the planet行星. I've had some preliminary初步 talks会谈,
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这个地球上的每个人。我已经做过一些预备性的演讲,
19:26
and Archbishop大主教 Desmond德斯蒙德 Tutu楚楚, for example,
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比如说屠图大主教
19:29
is very happy快乐 to give his name名称 to this, as is Imam阿訇 Feisal费萨尔 Rauf拉乌夫, the Imam阿訇 in New York纽约 City.
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就很高兴把他的名字给我,Faisal Rauf,纽约市的伊玛目,也非常乐意。
19:39
Also, I would be working加工 with the Alliance联盟 of Civilizations文明 at the United联合的 Nations国家.
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我还将跟联合国的“文明战线”一起工作,
19:47
I was part部分 of that United联合的 Nations国家 initiative倡议 called the Alliance联盟 of Civilizations文明,
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我是联合国发起的“文明战线”组织的一员,
19:55
which哪一个 was asked by Kofi科菲 Annan安南 to diagnose诊断 the causes原因 of extremism极端主义,
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这个组织是由科菲·安南建议创建,用来诊断宗教极端分子的起源,
20:01
and to give practical实际的 guidelines方针 to member会员 states状态 about how to avoid避免 the escalation升级 of further进一步 extremism极端主义.
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并向成员国提供预防极端活动升级的实用指南。
20:10
And the Alliance联盟 has told me that they are very happy快乐 to work with it.
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“文明战线”的人们告诉我说他们很乐意为这个而工作。
20:14
The importance重要性 of this is that this is -- I can see some of you starting开始 to look worried担心,
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这件事情的重要性在于--我能看到你们脸上已经有些担忧的表情了,
20:20
because you think it's a slow and cumbersome笨重 body身体 --
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因为你们认为这将是个缓慢和臃肿的机构,
20:23
but what the United联合的 Nations国家 can do is give us some neutrality中立,
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但联合国能够给我们的工作提供一些中立性,
20:26
so that this isn't seen看到 as a Western西 or a Christian基督教 initiative倡议, but that it's coming未来,
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证明这些工作不是一个西方的或者基督教的活动,而是来自
20:32
as it were, from the United联合的 Nations国家, from the world世界 --
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联合国,来自整个世界
20:35
who would help with the sort分类 of bureaucracy官僚 of this.
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的所有愿意伸出援手的人。
20:41
And so I do urge敦促 you to join加入 me in making制造 -- in this charter宪章 --
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因此我鼓励你们加入这个行动,
20:47
to building建造 this charter宪章, launching发射 it and propagating传播 it so that it becomes --
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一起来创建这个宪章、启动和宣传这个宪章,从而让它
20:55
I'd like to see it in every一切 college学院, every一切 church教会, every一切 mosque清真寺, every一切 synagogue会堂 in the world世界,
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我希望看到它进入世界上每一所大学,每一个教堂,每一个清真寺和每一个犹太教会。
21:04
so that people can look at their tradition传统, reclaim回收 it, and make religion宗教 a source资源 of peace和平 in the world世界,
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这样的话人们可以看到他们的宗教传统,重塑这些传统,让宗教成为世界和平的源头,
21:13
which哪一个 it can and should be. Thank you very much. (Applause掌声)
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宗教有这个能力也理应这样去做。非常感谢大家。(鼓掌)
Translated by Xinli Geng
Reviewed by Alison Xiaoqiao Xie

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Karen Armstrong - Religious scholar
Karen Armstrong -- winner of the 2008 TED Prize -- is a provocative, original thinker on the role of religion in the modern world.

Why you should listen

Religious thinker Karen Armstrong has written more than 20 books on faith and the major religions, studying what Islam, Judaism and Christianity have in common, and how our faiths shaped world history and drive current events.

A former nun, Armstrong has written two books about this experience: Through the Narrow Gate, about her seven years in the convent, and The Spiral Staircase, about her subsequent spiritual awakening, when she developed her iconoclastic take on the major monotheistic religions -- and on the strains of fundamentalism common to all. She is a powerful voice for ecumenical understanding.

Armstrong's 2008 TED Prize wish asked the world to help her create the Charter for Compassion, a document based on the Golden Rule: that we should treat others how we would want to be treated. In fall 2008, the first draft of the charter was written by the world, via a multilingual website that allowed all to comment. In February 2009, the words were given to the Council of Conscience, a gathering of religious leaders and thinkers, who crafted the final document based on global input. The Charter was officially launched in November 2009. It has been signed by notable world leaders including Pope Benedict XVI, the Dalai Lama, Desmond Tutu, Deepak Chopra and Muhammad Ali. The Charter has led to the creation of the Charter for Compassion International (CCI) organization, the Compassionate Communities campaign, and Global Compassion Council -- a group of leaders continuing the movement around the the world.

More profile about the speaker
Karen Armstrong | Speaker | TED.com