ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Duarte Geraldino - Journalist
Duarte Geraldino is working on a multi-year project that chronicles the lives of citizens who lose people to deportation.

Why you should listen

Duarte Geraldino is an American journalist who travels the country documenting how culture is being changed and challenged by shifting demographics, business and technology. He leads a team of skilled journalists who produce multimedia reports and short films that have been distributed around the world through national and global news networks. He is currently working on a multi-year project that chronicles the lives of citizens who lose people to deportation called Hear Our Stories Now

He is currently a special correspondent for PBS NewsHour. At the NewsHour, he reports and writes long-form television stories about business trends like the housing crisis that is gripping many American cities and developments in labor laws that some see as choking middle and low-income workers.

In 2017, one of Geraldino's short documentaries, Ordered Out, was screened in New York's Times Square as part of the Dominican Film Festival New York. It explores the impact of American identity and immigration and tells the story of a family being torn apart by US laws. In the same year, he was selected as a TED Resident. During his residency at TED's global headquarters, he started developing a digital journalism project to document the lives of US citizens who have lost people to deportation.

Previously, Geraldino worked as a National Correspondent for Al Jazeera America and as a local news reporter in New York, Ohio, Texas and Maryland.

More profile about the speaker
Duarte Geraldino | Speaker | TED.com
TED Residency

Duarte Geraldino: What we're missing in the debate about immigration

杜瓦特吉拉爾迪諾: 我們的移民辯論忽略了什麼

Filmed:
1,170,030 views

在 2008 年到 2016 年間,美國驅逐了超過三百萬人。被留下的人發生了什麼事?記者杜瓦特吉拉爾迪諾談論美國遞解移民出境後避而不談的事。聽他描述,為什麼當一名母親、一個在地事業的東主、或一個高中生離開後,所造成的漣漪會向外擴散,破壞了原本凝聚的社區關係,讓我們進一步了解強迫驅逐出境所帶來的廣泛影響。
- Journalist
Duarte Geraldino is working on a multi-year project that chronicles the lives of citizens who lose people to deportation. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
So, Ma was trying to explain說明
something to me
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有天我媽試著向我解釋關於外婆
00:15
about Grandma奶奶 and when they grew成長 up,
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以及她們成長時代的事,
00:17
but I couldn't不能 pay工資 attention注意 to her
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但我無法專心聽她說,
00:19
because I was five years年份 old,
and I was petrified石化的.
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因為我才五歲,而我看傻了。
00:21
I had just seen看到 The Green綠色 Lady淑女.
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我剛剛看到綠夫人(自由女神)。
00:24
Now, about a week earlier,
I'd watched看著 that movie電影 "Godzilla哥斯拉,"
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約在一週前我才剛看了哥吉拉電影,
00:27
the one about that huge巨大 lizard-like蜥蜴般的 beast
storming風暴 a major重大的 city,
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內容是一隻像蜥蜴的
巨獸猛攻大城市,
00:31
and the thought of a green綠色 monster怪物
coming未來 for me was stuck卡住 in my mind心神.
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一隻綠色怪物前來抓我的想法
定格在我腦海裡。
00:35
And yet然而 there I was,
at the tip小費 of Lower降低 Manhattan曼哈頓 with my mom媽媽,
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當時我和媽媽在曼哈頓的下城區,
00:39
just staring凝視 at her:
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我直直盯著她看:
00:40
her horns牛角,
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她頭上的角,
00:42
her muscles肌肉 --
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她的肌肉──
00:43
all of it just frightened受驚 me.
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我被這一切給嚇壞了。
00:44
And I didn't know
whether是否 she was a monster怪物 or a hero英雄.
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那時我不知道她是怪獸還是英雄。
00:49
So I decided決定 to consult請教
the Google谷歌 of the day --
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所以我決定問當時的谷歌大神──
00:52
"Ma! Ma!"
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「媽!媽!」
00:53
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
00:55
My mother母親 explained解釋 that The Green綠色 Lady淑女
is actually其實 the Statue雕像 of Liberty自由
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我媽媽解釋說,
綠夫人其實是自由女神,
01:00
and that she was waving揮手 immigrants移民 in.
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她在揮手,歡迎移民入境。
01:02
Now, the part部分 of her explanation說明
that really messed搞砸 with my young年輕 head
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她的部份解釋混淆了我年幼的腦袋,
01:06
was the fact事實 that, according根據 to Ma,
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那部份就是,根據媽媽的說法,
01:09
long before us,
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遠在我們之前,
01:11
The Green綠色 Lady淑女 was actually其實 brown棕色,
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綠夫人其實是褐色的,
01:15
brown棕色 like me,
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像我一樣的褐色。
01:16
and that she changed
colors顏色 over the years年份,
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多年來她改變了顏色,
01:19
much like America美國.
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就像美國一樣。
01:21
Now, the part部分 that really
is intriguing奇妙 about this
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這說法最發人深省的部份是:
01:26
is that when she changed colors顏色,
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她變了顏色讓我想到我自己。
01:28
she made製作 me think about myself.
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01:30
It all made製作 sense to me,
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那對我來說是合理的,
01:31
because as a first-generation第一代 American美國,
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因為身為第一代的美國人,
01:33
I was surrounded包圍 by immigrants移民.
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我身邊都是移民朋友。
01:35
In fact事實, within my immediate即時 social社會 circle
of the people who support支持 me,
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事實上在我最接近的社交圈中,
支持我、豐富我人生的人,
01:39
who enrich豐富 my life,
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01:40
at least最小 two are foreign-born外國出生的.
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至少有兩人是在國外出生的。
01:43
My life as a US citizen公民 is in many許多 ways方法
shaped成形 by newcomers新人,
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我的美國公民生活在許多方面
是由新移民所形塑出來的;
01:46
and chances機會 are,
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很有可能你也一樣。
01:48
so is yours你的.
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01:49
There are more than 40 million百萬
immigrants移民 in the USA美國.
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美國有超過四千萬移民。
01:53
According根據 to census人口調查 data數據,
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根據人口普查資料,
01:54
a quarter25美分硬幣 of the nation's國家 children孩子
have at least最小 one foreign-born外國出生的 parent.
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四分之一的美國孩童
至少有一位家長出生於國外。
01:59
I know all these statistics統計
because I study研究 global全球 migration移民 patterns模式.
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會知道這些統計數據是因為
我研究全球移民人口的遷移模式。
02:04
I'm a journalist記者,
and for the last few少數 years年份,
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我是個記者,過去幾年間,
02:06
I've been documenting文檔化
the lives生活 of US citizens公民
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我一直在記錄親人被驅逐出境的
02:09
who've誰一直 lost丟失 people to deportation放逐.
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美國公民生活,
02:11
And the numbers數字 are enormous巨大.
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這類人的人數相當多。
02:14
From 2008 to 2016,
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從 2008 年到 2016 年,
02:16
more than three million百萬 people
were "ordered有序 removed去除" --
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超過三百萬人被「強制移除」──
02:19
that's the technical技術 term術語
for being存在 deported被驅逐出境.
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那個技術名詞的意思是驅逐出境。
02:23
There is an economic經濟, a political政治,
a psychological心理 and an emotional情緒化 cost成本
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一旦這些人熟悉的生活圈遭到破壞,
他們的經濟圈、政治圈、心理狀況、
02:28
to those deportations驅逐出境 --
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02:30
the moments瞬間 when these circles are broken破碎.
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及情緒上都得付出相當大的代價。
02:33
I once一旦 asked a US soldier士兵,
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我曾經問過一名美國大兵:
02:35
"Why did you volunteer志願者 to fight鬥爭 this war戰爭?"
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「為什麼妳要自願從軍去打這場仗?」
02:37
And she told me,
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她告訴我:
02:39
"Because I'm proud驕傲 to defend保衛 my country國家."
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「因為我很自豪能夠防衛我的國家。」
02:41
But I pressed壓制 to know --
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但我追問:
02:42
"Really, when you're on base基礎,
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「說真的,當妳在基地裡,
02:44
and you hear bombs炸彈
exploding爆炸 in the distance距離,
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聽見遠處有炸彈爆炸,
02:46
and you see soldiers士兵 coming未來 back
who are gravely嚴重 injured受傷,
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看到身受重傷的士兵回來,
02:50
in that moment時刻,
when you know you could be next下一個,
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在那一刻,當妳知道
下一個可能就是妳的時候,
02:54
what does 'my“我 country'國家' mean?"
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『我的國家』意義是什麼?」
02:56
She looked看著 at me.
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她看著我:
02:58
"My country國家 is my wife妻子,
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「我的國家是我的妻子、
03:00
my family家庭,
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我的家庭、
03:01
my friends朋友, my soldiers士兵."
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我的朋友、我的士兵。」
03:03
What she was telling告訴 me
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她在告訴我的是,
03:04
is that "my country國家" is a collection採集
of these strong強大 relationships關係;
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「我的國家」是所有
這些堅固關係的總體;
03:08
these social社會 circles.
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這些社交圈的總體。
03:10
When the social社會 circles are weakened減弱,
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當社交圈弱化的時候,
03:12
a country國家 itself本身 is weaker較弱.
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國家本身也會變弱。
03:15
We're missing失踪 a crucial關鍵 aspect方面
in the debate辯論 about immigration移民 policy政策.
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在辯論移民政策的時候,
我們都忽略了這個關鍵的面向。
03:18
Rather than focusing調焦 on individuals個人,
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別把焦點放在個人身上,
03:20
we should focus焦點
on the circles around them,
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而應該把焦點放在他們周圍的圈子,
03:23
because these are the people
who are left behind背後:
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因為這些是被留下來的人:
03:26
the voters選民, the taxpayers納稅人,
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這些選民、納稅人、
03:28
the ones那些 who are suffering痛苦 that loss失利.
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這些飽受痛苦的人。
03:31
And it's not just the children孩子
of the deported被驅逐出境
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並不只有被驅逐者的孩子受到衝擊。
03:33
who are impacted影響.
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03:34
You have brothers兄弟 and sisters姐妹
who are separated分離 by borders國界.
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還有兄弟姐妹被國界分開的。
03:37
You have classmates同學, teachers教師,
law enforcement強制 officers長官,
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還有同學、老師、執法人員、
03:40
technologists技術專家, scientists科學家們, doctors醫生,
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技術專家、科學家和醫生,
03:42
who are all scrambling擾碼
to make sense of new realities現實
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當社交圈被打破時,
他們都在倉促地在混亂中
試著為新的現實找出意義。
03:46
when their social社會 circles are broken破碎.
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03:49
These are the real真實 lives生活
behind背後 all these statistics統計
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這些人都是統計數據背後的真實生命,
03:53
that dominate支配 discussions討論
about immigration移民 policy政策.
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這些數據主導著我們的移民政策。
03:56
But we don't often經常 think about them.
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但我們通常不會想到他們。
03:58
And I'm trying to change更改 that.
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我在試著改變這一點。
03:59
Here's這裡的 just one of the real-life現實生活 stories故事
that I've collected.
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以下是我所收集到的
真實人生故事當中的一個。
04:04
And it still haunts出沒 me.
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它仍然縈繞在我心頭。
04:06
I met會見 Ramon拉蒙 and his son兒子 in 2016,
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我在 2016 年見到拉蒙和他的兒子,
04:10
the same相同 year both of them
were being存在 ordered有序 out of the country國家.
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同年,他們兩人都
被下令要離開美國。
04:14
Ramon拉蒙 was being存在 deported被驅逐出境 to Latin拉丁 America美國,
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拉蒙被驅逐到拉丁美洲,
04:18
while his son兒子, who was a sergeant軍士
in the US military軍事,
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他的兒子是美國陸軍的中士,
04:21
was being存在 deployed部署.
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他是被部署到國外。
04:24
Deported驅逐 ...
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一個被驅逐…
04:26
deployed部署.
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一個被部署。
04:28
If you just look at Ramon's雷蒙的 case案件,
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如果你只看拉蒙的個案,
04:31
it wouldn't不會 be clear明確 how deeply
connected連接的 to the country國家 he is.
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不太容易知道
他和這個國家的連結有多深。
04:35
But consider考慮 his son兒子:
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但想想他的兒子:
04:37
a US citizen公民 defending衛冕 a country國家
that's banished放逐 his father父親.
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一個美國公民在保衛這個
驅逐他父親的國家。
04:41
The social社會 circle is what's key here.
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這裡的關鍵就是社交圈。
04:43
Here's這裡的 another另一個 example
that illustrates說明 those critical危急 bonds債券.
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還有另一例子能描繪這關鍵的連結。
04:47
A group of citizens公民 in Philadelphia費城
were concerned關心 about their jobs工作,
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有一群費城的公民很關心他們的工作,
04:50
because the legal法律 owner所有者
of the restaurant餐廳 where they worked工作
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他們為一間餐廳工作,
而餐廳的法定所有人
04:53
was an undocumented無證 immigrant移民,
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是沒有合法文件的移民,
04:55
and immigration移民 officials官員
had picked採摘的 him up.
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而移民局的官員已經來把他帶走了。
04:58
They rallied反彈 behind背後 him.
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他們團結起來支持他。
04:59
An immigration移民 lawyer律師 argued爭論
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移民律師的主張是,
05:01
he was too important重要
to the local本地 community社區
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他對當地社區而言太重要,
05:03
to be deported被驅逐出境.
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因此不能被驅逐。
05:04
At the hearing聽力, they even submitted提交
restaurant餐廳 reviews評論 --
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在聽證會上,他們甚至
呈上了餐廳的評介──
05:08
restaurant餐廳 reviews評論!
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餐廳的評介!
05:10
In the end結束, a judge法官 exercised行使
what's called "judicial司法 discretion慎重"
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最終,法官行使所謂的「司法裁量權」,
05:15
and allowed允許 him to stay in the country國家,
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允許他留在美國,
05:17
but only because they considered考慮
the social社會 circle.
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只因為他們考量了社交圈。
05:21
There are 23 million百萬
noncitizens非公民 in the USA美國,
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美國有 2300 萬個非公民,
05:26
according根據 to verifiable可驗證 federal聯邦 data數據.
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數字來源是已被驗證的
聯邦政府資料。
05:28
And that doesn't include包括 the undocumented無證,
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這還沒包括沒有證明文件的人,
05:30
because numbers數字 for that population人口
are at best最好 complex複雜 estimates估計.
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因為政府的複雜數字
只是最保守的估計。
05:34
Let's just work with what we have.
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我們就用手邊有的資料來談。
05:36
That's 23 million百萬 social社會 circles --
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2300 萬個社交圈──
05:39
about 100 million百萬 individuals個人
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大約一億人的生活會受到驅逐的衝擊。
05:42
whose誰的 lives生活 could be impacted影響
by deportation放逐.
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05:45
And the stress強調 of it all is trickling涓涓 down
through通過 the population人口.
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而它造成的壓力在這個
族群中慢慢向下移動著。
05:49
A 2017 poll輪詢 by UCLA加州大學洛杉磯分校 of LALA County residents居民
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洛杉磯加大在 2017 年
針對洛杉磯郡居民進行一項民調,
05:52
found發現 that 30 percent百分
of citizens公民 in LALA County
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發現有 30% 的洛杉磯郡公民
05:56
are stressed強調 about deportation放逐,
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對驅逐感到有壓力,
05:59
not because they themselves他們自己
could be removed去除,
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並不是因為他們自己本身會被趕走,
06:02
but rather, because members會員
of their social社會 circle were at risk風險.
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而是因為他們的社交圈成員會有危險。
06:07
I am not suggesting提示 that no one
should ever be deported被驅逐出境;
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我並不是說沒有人應該被驅逐;
06:10
don't confuse迷惑 me with that.
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別誤解我的意思。
06:12
But what I am saying is that we need
to look at the bigger picture圖片.
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我的意思是,
在看這類情況時要把眼光放得更遠。
06:17
If you are within the sound聲音 of my voice語音,
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如果你們聽到我在說甚麼,
06:20
I want you to close your eyes眼睛 for a moment時刻
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我想請你們閉上眼睛一會兒,
06:22
and examine檢查 your own擁有 social社會 circle.
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檢視一下自己的社交圈。
06:25
Who are your foreign-born外國出生的?
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圈中誰是在國外出生的?
06:28
What would it feel like
if the circle were broken破碎?
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如果這個圈子被打破,
會是什麼感覺?
06:32
Share分享 your story故事.
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分享你的故事。
06:34
I'm building建造 a global全球 archive檔案
of first-person第一個人 accounts賬戶
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我在建立一個第一人稱
故事的全球資料庫,
06:37
and linking鏈接 them with mapping製圖 technology技術,
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並用地圖模式技術來連結這些故事,
06:39
so that we can see exactly究竟
where these circles break打破,
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讓我們能清楚看見
這些圈子是從何處破裂的,
06:43
because this is not
just an American美國 issue問題.
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因為這不只是美國的議題。
06:46
There are a quarter-billion四分之一十億 migrants移民
around the world世界;
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全世界有 2 億 5 千萬移民;
06:50
people living活的, loving愛心 and learning學習
in countries國家 where they were not born天生.
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他們在不是自己出生的國家
居住、付出愛,和學習。
06:54
And in my career事業, in my life,
I've been one of them:
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在職涯、人生中,我也曾是其中一員:
06:56
in China中國, in Africa非洲, in Europe歐洲.
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在中國、在非洲、在歐洲。
06:59
And each time I become成為
one of these foreigners外國人 --
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每當我持著外國人的身分,
07:02
one of these strange-looking奇形怪狀
guys in a new land土地 --
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是新地方裡一個外表奇特的傢伙時,
07:06
I can't help but think back to that day
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就忍不住會回想起
07:08
when I was in Lower降低 Manhattan曼哈頓 with my mom媽媽
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我和媽媽在曼哈頓下城區的那一天,
07:10
all those decades幾十年 ago,
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那是幾十年前了,
07:12
when I was scared害怕,
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我很害怕,
07:14
and I had just spotted that green綠色 lady淑女.
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剛剛見識了自由女神。
07:17
And I guess猜測 the question
that I keep on thinking思維 about
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猜想在我見過她後一直在思考的問題:
07:21
when I see her
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07:23
and all the younger更年輕 replicas副本 of her
that are so obviously明顯 brown棕色,
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雖然早期她的複製品都是褐色的,
07:27
and even the paintings繪畫
that showcase櫥窗 her in the beginning開始
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甚至一些展示櫃裡的
圖畫作品也沒那麼綠,
07:30
as not quite相當 green綠色 --
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07:33
when I look at all of that,
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當我看著這一切,
07:36
the question that my research研究
seeks尋求 to answer回答
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我尋求解答的問題
07:39
becomes, to me, the same相同 one
that confounded混淆 me all those years年份 ago:
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變成是多年前讓我迷惘的同一問題:
07:44
Is she a monster怪物
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她是怪獸?
07:47
or a hero英雄?
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還是英雄?
07:49
Thank you.
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謝謝。
07:50
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Lilian Chiu
Reviewed by Yi-Fan Yu

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Duarte Geraldino - Journalist
Duarte Geraldino is working on a multi-year project that chronicles the lives of citizens who lose people to deportation.

Why you should listen

Duarte Geraldino is an American journalist who travels the country documenting how culture is being changed and challenged by shifting demographics, business and technology. He leads a team of skilled journalists who produce multimedia reports and short films that have been distributed around the world through national and global news networks. He is currently working on a multi-year project that chronicles the lives of citizens who lose people to deportation called Hear Our Stories Now

He is currently a special correspondent for PBS NewsHour. At the NewsHour, he reports and writes long-form television stories about business trends like the housing crisis that is gripping many American cities and developments in labor laws that some see as choking middle and low-income workers.

In 2017, one of Geraldino's short documentaries, Ordered Out, was screened in New York's Times Square as part of the Dominican Film Festival New York. It explores the impact of American identity and immigration and tells the story of a family being torn apart by US laws. In the same year, he was selected as a TED Resident. During his residency at TED's global headquarters, he started developing a digital journalism project to document the lives of US citizens who have lost people to deportation.

Previously, Geraldino worked as a National Correspondent for Al Jazeera America and as a local news reporter in New York, Ohio, Texas and Maryland.

More profile about the speaker
Duarte Geraldino | Speaker | TED.com